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Bear and wildlife encounters

Encounters with large wildlife require quick identification of the species and calm, deliberate behavior. Never run from a predator, as running triggers their instinctive chase response.

Black bear vs grizzly bear response

Black bear encounters

Black bears are usually smaller, have pointed ears, and lack a prominent shoulder hump.

  • Stand your ground and look large: Raise your arms above your head, hold your jacket open wide, and speak in a firm, deep voice.
  • Do not play dead: If a black bear approaches or attacks, fight back aggressively using rocks, sticks, trekking poles, or fists aimed at the bear's nose and eyes.
  • Back away slowly: If the bear is stationary, step backward sideways slowly while keeping your eyes on the bear.

Grizzly bear encounters

Grizzly bears (brown bears) have a distinct muscle hump between their shoulders, rounded ears, and a dished facial profile.

  • Do not run or make sudden movements: Speak in calm, assertive tones. If the bear is standing on its hind legs, it is usually trying to identify you, not preparing to charge.
  • If a grizzly charges: Use bear spray when the bear is within 9 to 12 meters (30 to 40 feet).
  • If physical contact occurs with a grizzly: Play dead immediately. Lie flat on your stomach, clasp your hands behind your neck to protect your throat, and spread your legs wide so the bear cannot flip you over easily. Keep your backpack on to cushion bites. Remain completely still until the bear leaves the area.

How to use bear spray

  1. Remove the safety clip: Pull the safety wedge off the trigger mechanism.
  2. Hold with two hands: Hold the canister firmly with both hands, aiming slightly downward toward the charging bear.
  3. Spray a expanding cloud: Depress the trigger when the bear is 9 to 12 meters (30 to 40 feet) away, creating a wall of pepper spray that the bear must charge through.

Mountain lion (cougar) safety

  • Never turn your back or run: Maintain direct eye contact.
  • Make yourself appear large: Lift children off the ground immediately without bending over. Raise your arms and jacket.
  • Speak loudly and firmly: Shout assertively and throw objects if the animal approaches.
  • Fight back if attacked: Mountain lions can be driven off by vigorous defense with sticks, rocks, or bare hands focused on their head and eyes.