Ikike ị nweta ụgbọ ala, imebi udo, na mgbake ụgbọ ala¶
Ịga n'okporo ụzọ awara awara gị ma ọ bụ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala iji chọpụta ụgbọ ala gị apụọla, ma ọ bụ iteta n'elekere 2:00 nke ụtụtụ ka ụda ụgbọ ala na-akwado gị, bụ ọgba aghara na-atụ egwu maka ibi ndụ, nlekọta ụmụaka, na ọrụ gị. N'ọtụtụ ikike n'ofe United States, Canada na Australia, mgbe onye na-agbaziri agbaziri daa n'azụ na mbinye ego ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ na-akwadoghị mkpuchi nkwekọrịta achọrọ, onye na-agbazinye ego nwere ikike iwu kwadoro ị nwetaghachi ụgbọ ala ahụ na-ebughị ụzọ ụlọikpe, ọ bụrụhaala na ha emee ya n'udo.
Agbanyeghị, ndị na-ahụ maka ịweghachi na ndị na-agbazinye ụgbọ ala bụ iwu nchekwa siri ike nke ndị ahịa, gụnyere mmachibido iwu zuru oke megide “imebi udo,” iwu amanyere na-echebe ihe nkeonwe n'ime ụgbọ ala gị, ihe ndị chọrọ nleba anya mgbe ọdịdọ ọdịdọ gachara, na windo iwu dị warara iji nwetaghachi ụgbọ gị tupu ere ya n'ọra. Ntuziaka a na-akọwa ihe ị ga-eme mgbe ụgbọala na-adọkpụ nọ n'okporo ụzọ gị, otu esi eji ikike iwu kwadoro ịkwụsị njide iwu na-akwadoghị, otu ị ga-esi nwetaghachi ihe onwunwe nke gị na-akwụghị ụgwọ ịpụnara mmadụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, na otu esi enweta ụgbọ ala gị site na nnyeghachi ego, mgbapụta, ma ọ bụ isi nke 13 ntụgharị ego akwụghị ụgwọ.
Mee nke a ugbu a¶
- ** Ọ bụrụ na onye na-ahụ maka ịweghachi ihe nọ n'okporo ụzọ gị ugbu a ma ọkwụnyebeghị ma welie ụgbọ ala gị n'ụlọ ahụ, were nwayọọ na n'ụzọ doro anya kwuo n'olu dara ụda: "Ana m ajụ iweghachi ụgbọ ala a, a na m enye gị ntụziaka ka ị hapụ ihe onwunwe m ozugbo" ***: N'okpuru ngalaba 9-609 nke Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) na United States na-ekwe ka onye ọrụ nwetaghachi onwe ya na Canada na ikike iji nwetaghachi ikike nke Canada. ụgbọ ala na-enweghị iwu ụlọikpe ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere ike ime ya ** na-enweghị mmebi nke udo **, na iburu ụgbọ ala na-agafe ndị dịkọrọ ndụ, ihu na ihu na-emegide onye gbaziri ego n'okporo ụzọ ha bụ mmebi iwu na-akwadoghị nke udo.
- ** Malite ịdekọ vidiyo na ekwentị gị ozugbo, nọrọ ebe dị anya nke ọma, emetụla onye nnọchi anya, gwongworo na-adọkpụ, ma ọ bụ banye n'ime ụgbọ ebugorolarị n'ọkwa ụda **: Idekọ vidiyo na ọdịyo na-egosi ma ị kwujọrọ ọnụ tupu ụgbọ ala ahụ ejikọta ya ma ọ bụ ma onye ọrụ ahụ gbupụrụ mkpọchi, meghee ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala mechiri emechi, yi egwu, ma ọ bụ jiri ike anụ ahụ mee ihe, ebe ị na-echedo gị mmerụ ahụ na mmerụ ahụ.
- ** Ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala gị apụọla, kpọọ ndị uwe ojii mpaghara gị ahịrị izipu na-abụghị ihe mberede buru ụzọ gosi ma eweghachiri ya ma ọ bụ zuru ya ***: Iwu steeti na nke ime obodo chọrọ ụlọ ọrụ mgbapụta ka ha gosi izipu ndị uwe ojii mpaghara n'ime nkeji 30 ruo 60 nke ịdọrọ ụgbọ ala ka ndị uwe ojii ghara ịla n'iyi ịchụ nta ụgbọ ala ezuru; Onye uwe ojii na-ezipụ nwere ike ikwenye nnweghachi ya wee nye gị aha na akara ekwentị nke ụlọ ọrụ na-adọkpụ na-ejide ụgbọ ala gị.
- Kpọọ ngalaba mbelata ma ọ bụ mgbake nke onye na-agbazinye ụgbọ ala gị ozugbo wee jụọ maka nọmba abụọ akọwapụtara: "Ọnụ ego mweghachi" na "ego mgbapụta mgbapụta": Dee ọnụ ọgụgụ dollar kpọmkwem (gụnyere ịkwụ ụgwọ n'oge gara aga, ụgwọ mbubreyo, na ụgwọ ntucha / nchekwa ego n'ezie), aha ebe nchekwa ahụ, na kalenda kpọmkwem ụbọchị akwadoro ụgbọ ahụ.
- ** Kpọọ ebe nchekwa ihe n'ime awa 24 ruo 48 ka ịhazi oge iji weghachite ihe onwunwe nkeonwe niile n'ime ụgbọ ala ***: Mmasị nchekwa nke onye na-agbazinye ego na-ekpuchi naanị ụgbọ ala n'onwe ya na akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide, ** ọ dịghị mgbe *** ihe onwunwe gị rụrụ arụ (ngwaọrụ, laptọọpụ, oche ụmụaka ụmụaka, ọgwụ ndenye ọgwụ, strollers, ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro).
- Chọọ n'ime igbe ozi gị kwa ụbọchị maka mmanye "Ọrịbama nke Atụmatụ Anyị Ịre Ngwongwo" (Ọrịba nke Ebumnuche ire ere) ***: N'okpuru UCC Nkebi 9-611 ruo 9-614, onye na-agbazinye ego ga-ezigara gị akwụkwọ ozi nkwụghachi ụgwọ edere edere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ** 10 ruo 21 ụbọchị tupu ere ụgbọ ala; Debe envelopu ma mara ọkwa, n'ihi na njehie iwu ọ bụla dị na akwụkwọ a nwere ike ihichapụ ikike ha ịgba gị akwụkwọ maka nguzozi ụkọ ma emechaa.
Danger
Ya adịla mgbe arịgoro n'oche onye na-anya ụgbọ ala mgbe onye na-anya ụgbọ ala na-agbasi mbọ ike na-ebuli ya na wheel-hydraulic wheel ma ọ bụ na-apịa ya n'elu akwa akwa, na-eguzokwaghị ozugbo n'ihu ma ọ bụ n'azụ ụgbọ ala na-akpụ akpụ iji gbochie ụzọ ọpụpụ ya. Kwa afọ, a na-echipịa ndị gbaziri agbaziri ma ọ bụ dọkpụrụ ha n'okpuru gwongworo na-adọkpụ n'oge esemokwu. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụrụ na a uniformed County Sheriff, U.S. Marshal, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ikpe họpụtara Kotima/Enforcement Agent nọ na a bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ikpe ** Writ of Replevin ** (ma ọ bụ Ụlọikpe Order maka Nlaghachi nke Ngwaahịa na UK), na repossession bụ a ụlọikpe nyere iwu ọdịdọ kama "enyemaka onwe": ọnụ ụlọ ikpe na-arụpụta na-agaghị akwụsị. njide ozugbo.
Chart usoro mkpebi mkpebi: nnweta arụ ọrụ vs mgbake ọdịdọ gachara¶
flowchart TD
Start["Nsogbu mbugharị ụgbọ ala"] --> Timing{"Ụgbọala a na-adọkpụ ebe a ugbu a ka ọ bụ ụgbọ ala ahụ apụọla?"}
Timing -->|"Ụgbọala Tow dị na okporo ụzọ / ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ugbu a"| CheckHook{"Sheriff ọ dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ adọbala ụgbọ ala ahụ n'okporo ụzọ?"}
CheckHook -->|"Mba: Onye Nnọchiteanya Enyemaka Onwe Onye n'okporo ụzọ awara awara tupu emechaa"| Object["Dekọọ vidiyo na steeti n'ụzọ doro anya: 'Ekwenyere m ihe onwunwe a, hapụ ihe onwunwe m'"]
Object --> AgentResp{"Onye nnọchi anya ọ na-ewepụ ma hapụ?"}
AgentResp -->|"Ee: Onye nnọchite anya"| HideFollow["Kpọọ onye na-agbazinye ego ozugbo ka ị kparịta ụka ma ọ bụ gwọọ nke ọma n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro"]
AgentResp -->|"Mba: Onye nnọchi anya na-eji ike, iyi egwu, ma ọ bụ jụ ịkwụsị"| CallPolice["Kpọọ ndị uwe ojii ozugbo (Emetụla onye nnọchi anya): Depụta mmebi udo na-ezighi ezi"]
CheckHook -->|"Ee: Ụgbọ ala adịlarị ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ ụlọ ikpe dị ugbu a"| GoneFlow["Kwụpụ 1: Kpọọ ndị uwe ojii mpaghara na-abụghị ihe mberede iji gosi na Repo vs izu ohi"]
GoneFlow --> GetLot["Kwụpụ 2: Kpọọ onye na-agbazinye ego dept maka adreesị Lot na ọkwa nke ebumnuche ere"]
GetLot --> PropRec["Kwụpụ 3: Hazie ihe niile gbasara onwe ya na oche ụmụaka ozugbo"]
PropRec --> DecidePath{"Ị nwere ikike ego iji nwetaghachi ụgbọ ala ahụ n'ime ụbọchị 10-21?"}
DecidePath -->|"Nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ akwụ ụgwọ gara aga + Repo fee"| Reinstate["Nnyeghachi ego mgbazinye ego (Weta mbinye ego ugbu a ma debe nkwekọrịta dị adị)"]
DecidePath -->|"Nwere ike ịkwụ / refinance n'uju itule"| Redeem["Mmega ahụ ikike mgbapụta nke iwu kwadoro (Kwụọ mkpokọta nha nha + ụgwọ)"]
DecidePath -->|"Nwee ego ị nweta ego ọ bụla maka atụmatụ ụlọ ikpe"| Ch13["Faịlụ Mberede Isi nke 13 Ịkwụ ụgwọ n'ime ụbọchị iri maka ntugharị ọnụnọ akpaaka"]
DecidePath -->|"Enweghị ike ị nweta ụgbọ ala: hapụ ya ka ọ gaa n'ahịa"| AuditDef["Onye na-agbazinye ego na-enyocha ihe ndekọ ego mgbe ọrịre ahịa ma gbachiteere anya n'okwu ikpe erughi eru"]
Ọta iwu gị n'oge ị na-adọkpụ: Kedu ihe bụ "Nbibi nke Udo" na-akwadoghị?¶
Na United States (n'okpuru Uniform Commercial Code Nkeji 9-609, nakweere na steeti 50 niile belụsọ ebe Louisiana na Wisconsin na-aga n'ihu site na ịchọ usoro ikpe ma ọ bụ ọkwa nnabata siri ike), Canada (n'okpuru Iwu Nchebe Ngwongwo Provincial Property Property Property Property Property Property Property Property Property , ma e wezụga Quebec nke chọrọ ọkwa ụlọ ikpe nkịtị), na Australia (n'okpuru koodu kredit nke mba), a na-ahapụ onye na-agbazinye ego ka ọ nwetaghachi ụgbọ ala na-enweghị iwu nke ** Udo**.
Ọ bụrụ na onye na-ahụ maka mgbapụta na-eme mmebi nke Udo, ikike iwu ha nwere iburu ụgbọ ala ahụ na-ekpochapụ ozugbo. Inweta ụgbọ ala ahụ na agbanyeghị bụ ** nnweta na-ezighi ezi, ntughari obodo (ezu ohi ihe onwunwe), ngafe, na mmebi iwu nke Federal Fair Collection Practices Act (FDCPA Nkeji 808(6), 15 U.S.C. 1692f(6))**.
Omume ndị ụlọikpe ghọtara dị ka mmebi nke udo na-akwadoghị¶
| Ihe Nnọchiteanya Nnweta | Ọnọdụ iwu n'okpuru UCC 9-609 na Iwu ndị ahịa | Ihe I Kwesịrị Ime Iji Detuo Ya |
|---|---|---|
| ** Ịgbaba n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala mechiri emechi, ịcha ihe mgbochi ma ọ bụ ịgbaji ọnụ ụzọ kpọchiri akpọchi** | **Na-emebi udo na-ezighi ezi mgbe niile. Ọbụlagodi na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego akpaaka gị nwere ezigbo mbipụta na-ekwu na onye na-agbazinye ego nwere ike ịbanye n'ụlọ gị, UCC 9-603 machibidoro nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ọ bụla ịwepụ iwu mmebi nke udo. Onye nnọchi anya enweghị ike imeghe ọnụ ụzọ ebe ndọba ụgbọala mechiri emechi, bee agbụ, ma ọ bụ gbajie eriri ngere. | Na-ese foto mkpọchi ịkpụ, mgbanaka ọnụ ụzọ ámá gbajiri agbaji, ma ọ bụ oghere ọnụ ụzọ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala a manyere ozugbo; chekwaa foto igwefoto nchekwa ụlọ; tinye akwụkwọ mkpesa ndị uwe ojii maka mmebi ihe onwunwe mpụ na ngafe. |
| Na-aga n'ihu ijikọ ụgbọ ala mgbe onye gbaziri ego (ma ọ bụ onye ezinaụlọ) kwuchara okwu n'onwe ya | ** Mmebi Udo na-akwadoghị iwu *** ma ọ bụrụ na mmegide ahụ emee * tupu * nnweta agwụla (tupu ụgbọ ala ahụ agbakọchara nke ọma wee bulite ya n'okporo ụzọ nzuzo gị banye n'okporo ụzọ ọha). Ụlọ ikpe na-achịkwa mgbe niile na ozugbo onye ji ụgwọ gakwuru onye ọrụ ahụ wee gwa ha ka ha kwụsị, onye ọrụ ahụ ga-ala azụ na onye na-agbazinye ego ga-aga n'ụlọ ikpe maka Writ of Replevin. | Ihe nkiri n'onwe gị jiri nwayọọ na-ekwu, sị: *"Taa bụ [Ụbọchị/Oge]. Abụ m onye nwe / onye gbaziri ihe. Ajụjụ m ihe onwunwe a ma ekwetaghị m. Hapụ ihe onwunwe m ugbu a. |
| ** Na-egbochi gị n'okporo ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọnyà gị n'ime ụgbọ ala gị ruo ọtụtụ awa ruo mgbe inyefe igodo *** | ** Mmebi udo na-ezighi ezi na mkpọrọ ugha**. Onye na-elekọta mmadụ enweghị ike iji gwongworo na-adọkpụ were ọnyà anụ ahụ mmadụ n'ime ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ dọkpụrụ mmadụ, nwatakịrị, ma ọ bụ anụ ụlọ n'ime ya. | Nọgidenụ na-ekpochi n'ime ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-ama n'ime mgbe ha welitere; kpọọ nọmba mberede mpaghara gị (nọmba mberede) ozugbo wee kọwapụta na onye na-anya ụgbọ ala ejidela mmadụ n'ime ụgbọ ala. |
| ** Iji ike anụ ahụ, ịkwagharị, ibu ngwa ọgụ, ma ọ bụ iyi egwu ime ihe ike. | ** Mmebi udo na-ezighi ezi na mwakpo mpụ**. Ndị ọrụ nweghachi azụ bụ ndị ọrụ ngo nkeonwe nwere ikike mmanye iwu efu. | Laghachi azụ n'ime ụlọ ozugbo, kpọchie ọnụ ụzọ gị, na-edekọ ihe site na windo, wee kpọọ ndị uwe ojii mberede. |
| ** Weta onye uwe ojii yi uwe ka ọ nyere aka maka ịweghachi "enyemaka onwe" nkeonwe na-enweghị iwu ụlọikpe *** | ** Mmebi iwu na-akwadoghị nke udo na imebi ikike obodo (42 U.S.C. 1983)**. Ọ bụ ezie na onye uwe ojii nwere ike iguzo naanị iji gbochie ime ihe ike ("dobe udo"), ọ bụrụ na onye uwe ojii na-enweghị akwụkwọ ikpe Replevin nyere gị iwu ka ị nyefee igodo gị, na-eyi egwu ijide gị ma ọ bụrụ na ị jụrụ, ma ọ bụ nyere onye ọrụ repo aka iburu ụgbọ ala ahụ, ụlọ ikpe na-ekwu na ihe onye uweojii mere na-emebi ihe enyemaka onwe onye nweghachi. | Jụọ onye uwe ojii ahụ nke ọma na vidiyo: "Onye ọrụ uwe ojii, ị nwere akwụkwọ Replevin nke ụlọikpe bịanyere aka na ya, ka nke a ọ bụ nnweta enyemaka onwe onye?” Detuo aha onye uwe ojii na akara baajị ma ọ bụrụ na ha enye gị iwu ịnye ụgbọ ala ahụ n'edeghị akwụkwọ ụlọikpe. |
| ** Na-eṅomi onye uwe ojii, onye ọrụ gọọmentị, ma ọ bụ ịgha ụgha iwu ịdọrọ *** | ** Iwu na-akwadoghị n'okpuru FDCPA na Iwu Mpụ Mpụ**. Ndị ọrụ repo enweghị ike iyi baajị ndị uwe ojii adịgboroja, jiri ọkụ uwe ojii na-acha uhie uhie/acha anụnụ anụnụ, ma ọ bụ kwuo na ha si na ngalaba Sheriff. | Foto nke ndị nnọchi anya uwe, baajị adịgboroja, na akara ụgbọ ala; kọọrọ ma ndị uwe ojii na ndị Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). |
Kedu mgbe a na-ahụta nbighachi n'ụzọ iwu ka "zuru oke"?¶
Usoro oge na-emetụta iwu. Ụlọ ikpe na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpesa emere ** n'oge nnweghachi ya na mgbe nnweghachi ya bụ ** zuru ezu ***:
- ** Tupu emechaa (Ị nwere ike ịkwụsị ya site na mkpesa ọnụ) ***: Ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala ahụ abanyela n'okporo ụzọ gị, onye ọrụ na-enyocha VIN, ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ ahụ na-edobe ogwe aka na-ebuli elu n'okpuru taya gị n'ihe onwunwe gị, ị nwetaghachi ya ka na-aga n'ihu. Njụjụ ọnụ gị dị jụụ na nke doro anya na-amanye onye ọrụ ahụ ka ọ kwụsị, wetuo ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụrụ na ebuliri ya n'okporo ụzọ gị, wee pụọ.
- ** Mgbe emechara (Mjụjụ ọnụ abịala n'oge)**: Ozugbo onye na-ahụ maka ị nwetaghachi ụgbọ ala ahụ ejikọtala ụgbọ ala ahụ kpamkpam wee dọpụta ya n'ụzọ gị n'okporo ámá ọha (ma ọ bụ ebulila ya n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala n'ihu ọha tupu ị pụọ n'èzí), "ịjide" iwu ezuola. Ịchụ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ n'okporo ámá ma ọ bụ na-awụlikwa elu n'ọkụ na-acha uhie uhie agaghị emezigharị ihe onwunwe ahụ n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ma tinye ndụ gị n'ihe egwu dị egwu.
Iwu nlaghachi nke mba ofesi: ebe amachibidoro ịdọ aka na-enye aka¶
Iwu mweghachi nke ukwuu na-adịgasị iche dabere n'ebe ị bi yana ego mbinye ego ị kwụgoro:
- Na United Kingdom (Iwu Ebe E Si Nweta Ndị Ahịa 1974: "Iwu Otu-atọ Atọ"):
- Ọ bụrụ na ịzụrụ ụgbọ ala gị n'okpuru nkwekọrịta ** Hire Purchase (HP)*********************** ma ọ bụ nkwekọrịta ọrịre, ị kwụọlarị ** otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ (⅓) ma ọ bụ karịa** nke ngụkọta ego a ga-akwụ n'okpuru nkwekọrịta ahụ, ụgbọ ala ahụ ga-aghọ " Ngwaahịa echedoro" n'okpuru Nkebi 90 nke Iwu Ndị Ahịa 1974.
- Amachibidoro onye na-agbazinye ego ịweghachi ngwa ahịa echedoro na-enweghị iwu ụlọ ikpe obodo (belụsọ ma i jiri aka gị bịanye aka na nkwenye amata n'oge ọ ga-eweghachi ya). Na mgbakwunye, n'ọkwa ọ bụla nke nkwekọrịta Ịzụta Ịzụta UK, ọ bụrụgodị na ị kwụọla ihe na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ, onye na-ahụ maka repo enweghị ike iburu ụgbọ ala a dọwara n'okporo ụzọ ** nkeonwe ma ọ bụ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ** na-enweghị ikike ụlọikpe (n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ike iburu ya n'okporo ụzọ ọha ma ọ bụrụ n'okpuru otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ).
- ** Mkpebi maka imebi iwu otu ụzọ atọ nke UK (Ngalaba 91): Ọ bụrụ na onye na-agbazinye ego UK weghachi ụgbọ ala gị n'okporo ụzọ ụgbọala na-enweghị iwu ụlọikpe, ma ọ bụ nara ngwongwo echedoro (karịa ⅓ akwụ ụgwọ) na-enweghị iwu ụlọikpe, ** a na-akwụsị nkwekọrịta kredit ozugbo site na iwu, a ga-ahapụ gị n'aka ụgwọ niile ọzọ, ma ị nwere ikike ịkwụ ụgwọ n'okpuru nkwekọrịta 100 ọ bụla.
- **Na Canada ("Jide ma ọ bụ Sue" Mpaghara na Iwu ọkwa) ***:
- Na **British Columbia na Alberta ***, iwu obodo siri ike "Jide ma ọ bụ Sue" na-echebe ndị na-azụ ahịa na nkwekọrịta ịre ahịa nwere ọnọdụ: ọ bụrụ na onye na-agbazinye ego ahọrọ ị nwetaghachi ("jide") ụgbọ ala gị, ** nnweta ahụ na-ewepụ ụgwọ niile fọdụrụnụ. Ha enweghị ike ịre ụgbọ ala ahụ n'ọwara wee gbaa gị akwụkwọ maka nguzozi erughi eru.
- Na Quebec, ịweghachite n'ụzọ "enyemaka onwe" na-enweghị ọkwa bụ iwu na-akwadoghị; onye na-akwụ ụgwọ ga-eje ozi ụbọchị 30 n'ụdị ** Ọmụma ngosi nke ikike hypothecary ** ma ọ bụ nweta ikike ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na ị kwụọla opekata mpe pasent 50 nke mkpokọta ọrụ n'okpuru ire nkeji nkeji ndị ahịa, onye na-akwụ ụgwọ ga-enweta ikike ụlọ ikpe doro anya tupu ị were ụgbọ ala ahụ.
- ** Na United States: Wisconsin, Louisiana, na "ikike ịgwọ ọrịa" steeti ***:
- Wisconsin (Wisconsin Consumer Act, Wis. Stat. 425.206) na ** Louisiana *** na-amachibido iwu ịweghachite enyemaka onwe onye n'ebughị ụzọ nye ọkwa ndabara nke iwu ma ọ bụ nweta ikpe ikpe / replevin, ọ gwụla ma a na-agbaso usoro ntinye aka nke iwu.
- ** Amanyere iwu "ikike ịgwọ ọrịa" steeti *: Ihe karịrị steeti US iri na abụọ (gụnyere ** California n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, **Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, South Carolina, West Virginia na District nke Columbia) chọrọ onye na-agbazinye ego ka ọ ziga gị akwụkwọ ozi edere ede * Cuult of Right **2 ụbọchị iji kwụọ naanị ụgwọ akwụ ụgwọ gara aga tupu iwu kwadoro izipu ụgbọ ala.
- ** Na United States: Nchedo ndị agha na-arụsi ọrụ ike (Ọrụ enyemaka obodo / SCRA) ***:
- N'okpuru ** 50 U.S.C. 3952 (SCRA) ***, ọ bụrụ na onye ọrụ agha na-arụsi ọrụ ike (ma ọ bụ na-adabere na ya) zụtara ma ọ bụ gbazite ụgbọ ala ** ma kwụọ ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu nkwụnye ego ma ọ bụ ịkwụ ụgwọ nkeji tupu ịbanye ọrụ agha **, onye na-agbazinye ego bụ ** iwu gọọmenti etiti amachibidoro iwu ị nwetaghachi ụgbọ ala na-enweghị iwu ụlọ ikpe **, na mmebi iwu bụ mmebi iwu gọọmenti etiti.
Nzọụkwụ 2: Ịweghachi ihe onwunwe gị n'ime ụgbọ ala eweghachitere¶
Mgbe a na-adọkpụ ụgbọ ala n'etiti abalị, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe ọ na-enwe ihe onwe ya: obere akpa, ugegbe ndenye ọgwụ, insulin, laptọọpụ, ngwaọrụ ọrụ, akpa azụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, oche nchekwa ụmụaka, ma ọ bụ igodo ụlọ.
Ikike iwu kwadoro maka ngwongwo nke gị¶
- ** Onye na-agbazinye ego enweghị ikike nke iwu idobe ma ọ bụ jide ihe nkeonwe gị na-adịghị mma**: Nkwekọrịta nchekwa mbinye ego akpaaka na-enye onye na-agbazinye ego ikike n'ụgbọ ala yana ngwa agbachichara anya (dị ka stereo ma ọ bụ taya). Ihe ndị tọgbọrọ chakoo n'ime akpati, igbe uwe, ma ọ bụ oche azụ na-anọgide 100 pasent ihe onwunwe nke iwu kwadoro.
- ** Ụgwọ mgbapụta "Ngwongwo" na-akwadoghị *: Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ụkpụrụ steeti na-enye ohere ka ndị ọzọ nweta nnukwu nchekwa ego iji kwụọ ụgwọ nchịkwa nchịkwa ma ọ bụ ego ngwa ahịa (mgbe 25 ruo 75 USD) iji chekwaa ma chekwaa ihe ndị na-adịghị mma, ** Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchedo Ego Ndị Ahịa (CFPB) enyela iwu nlekọta nlekọta ahụike nke onye na-azụ ahịa na-enyeghachi ntụziaka nke ndị na-azụ ahịa na-enye iwu nchịkwa nke onwe. ngwaọrụ ahụike, ngwaọrụ ọrụ, na oche ụgbọ ala ụmụaka) ruo mgbe onye gbaziri ego na-akwụ ụgwọ ịdọrọ ma ọ bụ ego nchekwa: ma ọ bụ na-ana ụgwọ nhịahụ iji weghachi ihe nkeonwe: bụ iwu na-ezighi ezi, aghụghọ, ma ọ bụ mmegbu ma ọ bụ Omume (UDAAP).
- ** Otu esi enweta ihe gị n'enweghị nsogbu ***:
- Kpọọ nzaghachi n'ime awa 24 ruo 48 *** nke tow ka ịtọọ oge ị ga-ebuli ihe onwunwe (ọtụtụ iwu steeti chọrọ ka nza ahụ jide ihe onwunwe nkeonwe ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụbọchị 30 ruo 60 wee zigara gị ọkwa ngwa ahịa edere).
- Weta ID foto gọọmentị bara uru, enyi ma ọ bụ onye akaebe, yana igbe ma ọ bụ akpa efu iji buru ngwongwo gị.
- ** Lelee ndepụta ngwa ahịa edere ede megide ihe gị tupu ịbanye ***: Nzaghachi ga-agwa gị ka ị bịanye aka na nnata mwepụta ihe onwunwe nkeonwe mgbe ha na-enye gị akpa nke ihe gị. ** abịanyela aka n'akwụkwọ nnata na-ekwu "Akụkọ nkeonwe niile enwetara n'uju" na-emegheghị akpa ndị ahụ n'ebe a na-ere ahịa na ịlele ihe ọ bụla ***.
- ** Ihe ị ga-eme ma ọ bụrụ na ihe bara uru (ngwaọrụ, ego, eletrọnịkị) na-efu ***: Ọ bụrụ na laptọọpụ gị, igbe ngwaọrụ, ma ọ bụ obere akpa nọ n'ime ụgbọ ala mgbe a dọwara ya ma na-efu na akpa ndị enyere gị, ** dee n'ụzọ doro anya na nnata nza ahụ n'elu mbinye aka gị: "Na-efunahụ [ndepụta kpọmkwem ihe na nọmba serial/ụkpụrụ/ụkpụrụ]; ọ nwetaghị akwụkwọ ikike ndị uwe ojii ozugbo." ebe a na-adọkpụ, ma ziga akwụkwọ ozi achọrọ ederede site na akwụkwọ ozi akwụkwọ ozi na ma onye na-agbazinye akpaaka (onye nwere iwu n'ụzọ iwu maka ọrụ nke onye na-eweghachi ego ya goro) yana ụlọ ọrụ mgbapụta.
Warning
Cheta iweghachite efere akwụkwọ ikike ** gị, ndị na-ebugharị ego (dị ka E-ZPass, SunPass, ma ọ bụ FastTrak), kaadị ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nwere nkwarụ, yana ọnụ ụzọ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ** yana ngwongwo gị. Ịhapụ onye na-ebugharị ego ma ọ bụ efere ikike n'ụgbọala eweghachitere na-aga ịre ahịa nwere ike ịkpata ọtụtụ narị dollar nke mmebi ego akpaaka na tiketi ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na-akwụ ụgwọ n'aha gị mgbe eresịrị ụgbọ ala ahụ, na ịhapụ oghere ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala jikọtara ya na adreesị ụlọ gị n'ime ụgbọ ala bụ nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nchekwa obibi.
Kwụpụ 3: Ụzọ iwu anọ iji nwetaghachi ụgbọ ala gị eweghachiri tupu ọrịa¶
Ozugbo onye na-eweghachite ụgbọ ala ga-ebufe ụgbọ ala gị n'ogige nchekwa, onye na-agbazinye ego ga-ejide ụgbọ ala ahụ maka oge nchere iwu amanyere iwu (nke a na-emekarị *10 ruo ụbọchị kalenda 21 dabere na iwu steeti ma ọ bụ nke mba) tupu ere ya n'ahịa ịre ahịa akpaaka ma ọ bụ nza ahịa. N'oge mpio a, ị nwere nhọrọ anọ dị iche iche iji nwetaghachi ụgbọ ala:
| Ụzọ mgbake | Ka o si arụ ọrụ | Ihe Ị Ga-akwụ | Isi Iwu Iwu yana Oge ngwụcha |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Nkwụghachi ego mbinye ego ("Ịgwọta ihe ndabara") | Ị na-akwụ naanị ** ịkwụ ụgwọ kwa ọnwa n'oge gara aga *** , ụgwọ chịkọbara n'oge, yana nkwụghachi ụgwọ / ịkwọ ụgbọala / nchekwa nke onye na-agbazinye ya. Ego mbinye ego akpaaka gị dị adị na-amaliteghachi dị ka a ga-asị na nnweta ahụ emeghị, ma ị na-aga n'ihu na-akwụ ụgwọ kwa ọnwa. | A na-akwụkarị 1 ruo 3 ịkwụ ụgwọ kwa ọnwa gbakwunyere 350 ruo 900 USD na ụgwọ nkwụghachi/nchekwa (obere akụkụ nke mkpokọta nguzozi mbinye ego). | ** Ikike iwu n'ọtụtụ ikike *** (gụnyere California, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Wisconsin, District nke Columbia, na ọtụtụ ógbè Canada) ma ọ bụ nyere ya site na nkwekọrịta ma ọ bụ amụma onye nbinye ego na steeti ndị ọzọ. A ga-akwụrịrị ya na ego akwadoro tupu oge ngwụcha na ọkwa nke ebumnuche ire ere (ọ na-abụkarị ụbọchị 10 ruo 21). |
| 2. Mgbapụta nke iwu kwadoro ("Ịkwụghachi mbinye ego") | Ị na-akwụ ụgwọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ zuru ezu ** nke mbinye ego akpaaka n'ụzọ zuru ezu, gbakwunyere ọmụrụ nwa, ụgwọ mbubreyo, yana ezigbo nkwụghachi/ego nchekwa. Ị ga-anata ụgbọ ala azụ yana Asambodo aha n'efu na nke doro anya. | 100% nke ịkwụ ụgwọ mbinye ego fọdụrụ gbakwunyere ụgwọ repo (enwetara site na nchekwa ego, mbinye ego ezinụlọ, ma ọ bụ itinyeghachi ya na otu kredit). | ** Iwu zuru oke na steeti US 50 niile n'okpuru UCC Nkebi 9-623** na n'ofe Canada, UK, na Australia. Ọ dị n'oge ọ bụla ** ruo kpọmkwem oge onye na-agbazinye ego bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta ire ụgbọ ala n'ahịa mgbịrịgba ***. |
| 3. Isi nke 13 Ịkwụ Ụgwọ Akpaaka Nnọọ & Ntụgharị | Tupu erere ụgbọ ala ahụ n'ahịa mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ị na-ede akwụkwọ ** Isi nke 13 akwụ ụgwọ akwụ ụgwọ akwụ ụgwọ n'ụlọ ikpe akwụghị ụgwọ gọọmentị etiti. Onye ọka iwu gị na-enye ọkwa ozugbo maka ntinye akwụkwọ na onye na-agbazinye ego ma rịọ ka ọ gbanwee ụgbọ ala ka ị nwee ike ịkwụghachi ego ahụ n'ime ọnwa 36 ruo 60 site na atụmatụ Isi nke 13 nke ụlọ ikpe kwadoro. | Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụ naanị ego ntinye akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe enweghị ego na onye ọka iwu na-eche ihu n'ihu; A na-atụgharị ụgwọ repo na mbinye ụgbọ ala n'oge gara aga n'ime atụmatụ 13 nke afọ 3 ruo 5 (ma ọ bụrụ na mbinye ego ahụ karịrị ụbọchị 910, a na-agbanyekarị nguzozi" na ọnụ ahịa ahịa ụgbọ ala ugbu a na obere ọmụrụ nwa). | Ekwesịrị ịgba akwụkwọ ** tupu hama ahịa ọrịlịka daa *** (mgbe ị ka na-ejide aha iwu / ikike mgbapụta). Rịba ama: N'ịgbaso mkpebi Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States na 2021 na * Obodo Chicago v. Fulton *, nanị ịgba akwụkwọ ego agaghị amanye mgbanwe ozugbo n'okpuru ngalaba 362(a) (3) na mpaghara ọ bụla na-enweghị ntinye akwụkwọ **Motion for Turnover under 11 U.S.C. 542 (a) *** na inye ihe akaebe nke nkukota zuru oke / mkpuchi ụgbọ ala zuru oke. |
| **4. Ntuziaka mgbapụta Replevin / ezighi ezi ** | Ọ bụrụ na onye na-agbazinye ego enwetaghachi ụgbọ ala gị site n'ime iwu na-akwadoghị ** imebi Udo ***, nwetaghachi ya mgbe ị na-anọghị na ndabara, ma ọ bụ mebie SCRA ndị agha ma ọ bụ iwu ikike iji gwọọ steeti, onye ọka iwu na-azụ ahịa na-achọ ịlaghachi ụgbọ ala ozugbo n'okpuru UCC 9-625 na FDCPA. | ** dollar efu ($0)** ma ọ bụrụ na iweghachi ya akwadoghị iwu; N'ezie, n'okpuru UCC 9-625 © (2), onye na-agbazinye onye mebiri Nkeji edemede 9 na mbinye ego ụgbọ ala ndị na-azụ ahịa ji ** ị *** mmebi iwu ruru ụgwọ ọrụ ụgwọ ọrụ kredit niile (mkpụrụ ego niile na ndụ nke mbinye ego) gbakwunyere pasent 10 nke isi ego mgbazinye ego ***. | Kpọtụrụ otu National Association of Consumer Advocates (NACA) onye ọka iwu wayo akpaaka ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka gbasara iwu ozugbo na ndekọ vidiyo gị, mkpesa ndị uwe ojii, ma ọ bụ nnata ịkwụ ụgwọ tupu ụbọchị ire ere. |
Ihe kpatara na "Ntọhapụ nke afọ ofufo" abụghị ihe ngwọta anwansi¶
Mgbe ndị na-agbazinye ego ghọtara na ha enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ụgbọ ala nke ọnwa na-abịa, ndị na-agbazinye ego na ndị na-anakọta ego na-atụ aro mgbe ụfọdụ a "Voluntary Surrender" (ịkwọ ụgbọ ala n'aka onye na-ere ahịa ma ọ bụ onye na-agbazinye ego na inyefe igodo), na-azọrọ na ọ "ga-echekwa kredit gị" ma ọ bụ "edozi ego ahụ."
Ghọta eziokwu ego siri ike tupu ịnyefe igodo gị:
- ** Ntinye aka n'afọ ofufo ka bụ nnata na akụkọ kredit gị ***: Ọ na-akọ na Equifax, Experian, na TransUnion dị ka nnukwu ndabara mkparị ("Voluntary Surrender / Repossession") maka ** afọ 7 ***, na-atụfu akara kredit gị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ịdọ aka ná ntị.
- ** Ị ka na-akwụ ụgwọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ zuru oke mgbe ịrechara ***: Naanị ihe na-efu onye inyefe afọ ofufo na-azọpụta gị bụ ego nkwụnye ụgbọ ala 350 ruo 500 USD. Onye na-agbazinye ego ka ga-ezigara ụgbọ ala ahụ gaa n'ahịa naanị onye na-ere ahịa (ebe ụgbọ ala ndị eweghachitere na-ere mgbe niile maka pasent 30 ruo 50 n'okpuru ọnụ ahịa mkpọsa), wepụ ọnụ ahịa ọrịre dị ala site na nkwụghachi ụgwọ mbinye gị, gbakwunye ụgwọ mgbụsị akwụkwọ, na ** ụgwọ ma ọ bụ gbaa gị akwụkwọ maka puku kwuru puku dollar fọdụrụ ("ụgwọ ụkọ") ***.
- ** Na-enyocha usoro ọzọ ka mma mgbe niile tupu ị nyefee onwe gị ***:
- ** Lelee uru ụgbọ ala gị dị ugbu a ma ọ bụ ọnụ ahịa ego ozugbo *** (na CarMax, Carvana, AutoNation, ma ọ bụ onye na-ere ahịa mpaghara): Ọ bụrụ ụgbọ ala gị bara uru nso ma ọ bụ karịa ụgwọ mbinye ego gị, resị ya ozugbo nye onye na-ere ahịa ma ọ bụ onye na-azụta onwe ya ka ọ kwụọ ụgwọ mbinye ahụ nke ọma na nkwụghachi efu na ụgwọ ụkọ efu.
- ** Rịọ onye na-agbazinye ego maka ịgbazinye ego mgbazinye ọnwa 1 ruo 2 nke ọnwa ***: Ọtụtụ ndị na-agbazinye ego na-agbazinye ụgbọ ala na nso nso na-enye ndị na-agbazinye ego na-enwe ihe isi ike nwa oge ịkwaga 1 ma ọ bụ 2 akwụghị ụgwọ kwa ọnwa na njedebe azụ nke oge mbinye ego maka obere ego ndọtị ọmụrụ nwa, na-ebute akaụntụ ozugbo ugbu a.
Kwụpụ 4: Otu esi echebe onwe gị pụọ na ọrịre ahịa mgbe emechara "Ekpeghị erughi eru"¶
Ọ bụrụ na ịnweghị ike ịweghachi ma ọ bụ gbapụta ụgbọ ala ma hapụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ire ere, nchekwa gị nke iwu anaghị akwụsị mgbe erere ụgbọ ala ahụ. N'ime ụbọchị 30 ruo 90 ka agbachara ahụ, onye na-agbazinye ego ga-ezigara gị ederede Nkọwa nke Mgbakọ nke Mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ Deficiency (chọrọ n'okpuru UCC Nkebi 9-616).
Ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala ahụ ere karịa ihe i ji ( ** Mgbakwunye ***), iwu chọrọ onye na-agbazinye ego ka o ziga gị nlele ego maka ego agbakwunyere. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ụgbọ ala ahụ na-ere n'ahịa ọnụ ahịa maka ihe na-erughị nguzozi mbinye gị, na-ahapụ ** ụkọ erughi ** nke 5,000 ruo 15,000 USD nke ndị na-anakọta ụgwọ ga-achọ ma ọ bụ gbaa gị akwụkwọ maka ya.
Nyochaa ihe 5 a chọrọ iwu UCC Nkeji edemede 9 iji merie nkwupụta ụkọ¶
N'okpuru Uniform Commercial Code Nkeji 9-610 ruo 9-626, onye na-agbazinye ego nwere naanị ikike iwu kwadoro ịnakọta nguzozi erughi eru ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwekọrọ na ** usoro ọkwa ọkwa ọ bụla tupu ire ere** wee duziere ** Ahịa ezi uche dị na ya. Debe akwụkwọ ozi ọ bụla onye na-agbazinye ego zitere gị wee lelee maka mmebi iwu ise ndị a na-agbazinyekarị:
- 1. Onye na-agbazinye ego agaghị ezipụ tupu ire ere "Notice of Our Plan to Sale Property" (UCC 9-611 / 9-614)? Ọ bụrụ na onye na-agbazinye ego rere ụgbọ ala na-ezigaghị gị akwụkwọ ozi tupu ire ere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụbọchị 10 tupu ire ere (ma ọ bụ zipu ya na adreesị ochie mgbe ha nwere adreesị gị ugbu a), ire ere ahụ mebiri UCC Article 9.
- 2. Ọkwa ọkwa ire ere ahụ nwere nkwupụta nke ndị ahịa amanyere iwu n'okpuru UCC 9-614? N'okpuru UCC 9-614, ọkwa ahịa tupu ire ere nwere ntụpọ n'ụzọ iwu n'ihu ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ hapụghị: (a) nkọwa nke onye gbaziri ego na ụgbọ ala, (b) kpọmkwem usoro e zubere ire (ahịa ọhaneze vs onye na-ere ahịa nkeonwe, oge ire, na ebe a na-ere ere), © maka ire ere nkeonwe, kpọmkwem ụbọchị * e mechara * ụgbọ ala a ga-ere, (d) nkwupụta na ị nwere ikike ịnweta ndekọ ego nke ụgwọ a na-akwụghị ụgwọ, na (e) nọmba ekwentị ị ga-akpọ iji chọpụta kpọmkwem ego mgbapụta.
- 3. Ọnụ ahịa ịre ahịa ọ bụ ihe ọchị dị ala ka ọ bụ na ire ere abụghị "Enwere ezi uche n'ahịa" (UCC 9-610)? Akụkụ ọ bụla nke omume: usoro, usoro, oge, ebe, na usoro: ga-abụrịrị ezi uche n'ahịa. Ọ bụrụ na onye na-agbazinye ego rere ụgbọ ala 18,000 USD na-arụ ọrụ nye onye nyocha ma ọ bụ nza na-agbasaghị maka 2,500 USD na-enyochaghị ya ma ọ bụ ihicha ya, ị nwere ike ịgbagha ezi uche azụmahịa nke ire ere.
- **4. Onye na-agbazinye ego ejirila ụgwọ iwu na-akwadoghị weba ụkọ ahụ ma ọ bụ na-akwụghị ụgwọ ego ọ na-enwetaghị wee kagbuo nkwụghachi GAP/Warranty? Ụbọchị nkwụghachi ụgwọ, yana ọnụahịa ** pro-rata enweghị ego (mgbe 800 ruo 2,500 USD) ga-akwụghachi azụ iji belata nguzozi mbinye ego gị ***.
- **5. Lelee 4-afọ UCC Statute of Limitations tupu ịkwụ ụgwọ ochie repo ụgwọ : N'ihi na ihe akpaaka ego retail nkwekọrịta nkeji bụ "nkwekọrịta maka ire ngwaahịa" na-achị nke Nkeji edemede 2 nke Uniform Commercial Code ( UCC Nkebi 2-725*), ụlọ ikpe n'ofe ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke US na-ekwu na-ejide na ** autopaciment n'ihi na ego nkwụghachi ụgwọ bụ ihe nkwụghachi ụgwọ nkwụghachi ụgwọ. afọ 4 siri ike *** site na ụbọchị ndabara / mmebi iwu (mkpụmkpụ karịa afọ 6 ruo 10 nke njedebe maka nkwekọrịta ederede oge niile na ọtụtụ steeti). Akwụla obere “ụgwọ ntụkwasị obi dị mma” n'ụgwọ repo ochie egbochiri ya, n'ihi na ime nke a nwere ike ịmalitegharị ụkpụrụ nke oke elekere.
Note
N'ọtụtụ steeti (nke a maara dị ka steeti "Absolute Bar Rule", ma ọ bụ n'okpuru iwu ndị ahịa na steeti dị ka California's Rees-Levering Motor Vehicle Sales and Finance Act, Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania), ma ọ bụrụ na onye na-agbazinye ego agaghị ezipụ ọkwa nke ire ere nke ọma ma ọ bụ mebie otu iwu nkwụghachi ụgwọ achọrọ, ** onye na-agbazinye ego ka amachibidoro ya n'otu n'otu n'otu n'otu. ma nwekwara ike kụnye gị ụgwọ mmebi iwu n'okpuru UCC 9-625©(2). Ọ bụrụ na a gbara gị akwụkwọ maka ụkọ ụgbọ ala, nwee onye ọka iwu na-agbachitere ndị ahịa ma ọ bụ onye ọka iwu na-enyere aka n'iwu nyochaa ọkwa ire ere na mgbe erechara tupu ị kwenye na mmezi.
Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶
Can I go to jail for hiding my car in a locked garage or parking it at a friend's house so the repo man cannot find it?
In the overwhelming majority of jurisdictions, merely parking your vehicle inside your own closed residential garage or driving it elsewhere while you try to work out a payment arrangement is a civil breach of your loan contract, not a crime. You are under no legal obligation to leave your car sitting out on the street to make a self-help repo agent's job easier. However, be aware of two important boundaries: first, if a court issues a formal **judicial Writ of Replevin / Order of Seizure** and a Sheriff serves you with a court order to turn over the vehicle, intentionally hiding the car in defiance of a judge's order can result in civil contempt of court; second, in a few jurisdictions, permanently concealing, stripping, selling without title, or moving mortgaged property across state or national borders with fraudulent intent to permanently defeat a security interest can violate criminal "hindering a secured creditor" statutes.
Can a dealership repossess my car a week after I bought it because "the financing fell through" (a Yo-Yo or Spot Delivery scam)?
If a car dealership lets you sign a retail installment contract and drive a car home ("spot delivery"), and then calls you 5 to 14 days later claiming the bank rejected your loan and demanding that you either come back and sign a new contract at a much higher interest rate or face immediate repossession and lose your trade-in, be very careful: this is known as a **Yo-Yo Financing scam**. First, check whether your contract contains a conditional "Seller's Right to Cancel" box and whether the dealer missed the strict calendar deadline (for example, 10 days in California) to notify you in writing. If the dealer cancels the contract under a valid conditional delivery clause, the law requires them to **return 100 percent of your down payment and return your trade-in vehicle (or its full fair value)**: they cannot legally keep your down payment or charge you bogus "mileage/rental fees" unless specifically permitted by state statute.
Is a Buy-Here-Pay-Here dealer allowed to use a remote GPS "starter interrupt" device to disable my car while I am driving or one day after a missed payment?
Many subprime and "Buy-Here-Pay-Here" used car dealers install hardwired GPS trackers coupled with remote starter-interrupt relays under the dashboard. First, safety regulations and UCC Breach-of-the-Peace rules strictly prohibit disabling a vehicle's engine **while it is running or moving in traffic**; starter interrupts are only engineered to prevent the starter motor from cranking *after* the driver shuts the car off. Second, several states (including California, Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York) strictly regulate starter-interrupt devices, requiring explicit written disclosure at purchase, prohibiting activation until the borrower is a specified number of days past due (after a warning beep period), and requiring an emergency override code if the driver faces a medical or safety emergency. Disabling a car in a dangerous location or before the borrower is legally in default can constitute an unlawful repossession and breach of the peace.
What if the repossession agent damaged my driveway, hit my second car, or tore up my lawn while towing my vehicle?
Neither the auto lender nor the repossession towing company has any right to damage your real estate, fencing, landscaping, or other non-collateral vehicles while executing a tow. If a tow truck cracks your driveway concrete, scrapes a family member's parked car, knocks down a mailbox, or leaves deep ruts in your lawn, take high-resolution timestamped photographs immediately, get two written repair estimates from licensed contractors or body shops, file a police property-damage report, and demand the repossession company's **Commercial Garagekeepers and General Liability Insurance** policy information. Under UCC Article 9 case law, the auto lender has a **non-delegable legal duty** to make sure a peaceful repossession and is vicariously liable along with the tow company for property damage caused during the seizure.
Can the repo agent tow away another family member's car that was parked behind my car in the driveway to get to mine?
Some aggressive repossession agents will hook up and drag an innocent spouse's, neighbor's, or roommate's paid-off car out into the street: Look-out: doing so can damage the transmission, parking pawl, or all-wheel-drive transfer case of the blocking vehicle: just to gain physical access to the defaulted vehicle parked in front of it. Courts have held that hooking up, dragging, or damaging an innocent third party's vehicle without their permission constitutes an **unlawful trespass to chattels, conversion, and a Breach of the Peace**, and the owner of the blocking vehicle has a direct legal claim against the towing company and lender for any drivetrain, tire, or body damage caused by dragging their parked car.
How can I find out if I am actually owed a "Surplus" check after my repossessed car was sold at auction?
During periods when used-car values are high, or when a borrower has already paid off 60 to 80 percent of their auto loan before losing their job and suffering a repossession, the vehicle occasionally sells at auction for **more** than the remaining loan payoff plus repo fees. Under **UCC Section 9-615(d)(1)**, the lender is legally required to pay you 100 percent of any cash **Surplus** remaining after paying off the loan balance and allowable expenses, and must send you a written **Explanation of Calculation of Surplus or Deficiency (UCC 9-616)** showing the exact gross auction sale price and itemized deductions. Always demand a copy of the post-sale accounting statement and the actual auction bill of sale from the lender to verify they did not pocket a surplus that legally belongs to you.
enyochara isi mmalite¶
- Federal Trade Commission (FTC, United States): * Nnweta ụgbọ ala: ikike ndị ahịa n'oge njide, Nchekwa Ngwongwo nkeonwe, Mgbapụta vs Mweghachi, na Ntụle Eke *.
- Ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ego nke ndị ahịa (CFPB, United States): Nkọwapụta isi na akwụkwọ mmanye na ọrụ ụgbọ ala na-ezighi ezi na nke aghụghọ, nkwụghachi ụgwọ na-ezighi ezi, ụgwọ ihe onwunwe na-ezighi ezi, yana nchedo iwu enyemaka obodo (SCRA).
- Uniform Law Commission na American Law Institute (ULC/ALI, United States): Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) Nkeji edemede 9 Azụmahịa echekwabara: Nkebi nke 9-609 (ikike ndị echekwara echekwabara ịnara ihe onwunwe mgbe emechara ya; enweghị mmebi nke udo), Nkebi 9-610 ruo 9-616 (Azụmahịa-Nzuzo nke 6) (Ikike ịgbapụta akwụkwọ ikike), yana Nkeji 9-625 (mmebi iwu maka enweghị nnabata).
- Ụlọ Ọrụ Iwu Ndị Ahịa nke Mba (NCLC, United States): Ngwọta Nnweta: State-site-State Right-to-Creat Statutes, Reinstatement Iwu, Mmebi nke Udo Udo, na UCC Nkebi 2-725 Usoro nke oke nke afọ anọ.
- Ndị na-ahụ maka omume ego na ndụmọdụ ụmụ amaala (FCA / Ndụmọdụ ụmụ amaala, United Kingdom): * Iwu Ebe E Si Nweta Ndị Ahịa 1974 Nkeji 90 na 91: Nweghachi nke ụgbọ ala ịzụrụ ụgwọ, ngwa ahịa echedoro ("Iwu nke otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ"), na nchekwa okporo ụzọ nkeonwe*.
- Agencylọ ọrụ ndị na-ere ahịa ego nke Canada na ndị ọrụ nchekwa ndị ahịa mpaghara (FCAC, Canada): * Iwu nchekwa ihe onwunwe nke mpaghara (PPSA) iwu nnabata, British Columbia na Alberta “Jide ma ọ bụ Sue” Nchekwa, yana ọkwa nnabata nke ndị ahịa Quebec *.