Pedal ihe osooso rapaara na ịlanarị ụgbọ nke gbapụrụ¶

Inweta pedal osooso rapaara ma ọ bụ osooso na-atụghị anya ya na ọsọ awara awara bụ ihe mberede igwe na-atụ egwu. Ma ọ bụ site na akwa rọba na-enweghị nchekwa na-awụda pedal gas, eriri igwe na-agbaji agbaji, valvụ ahụ nke na-akpụ akpụ, ma ọ bụ mmejọ ihe mmetụta ọkụ eletrik na-ebugharị, ụgbọ na-aga n'ihu n'okpuru ike injin zuru oke na-aga n'okporo ụzọ dị nwayọọ na-enye onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala naanị sekọnd iji meghachi omume.

N'ụjọ, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-eme njehie atọ na-egbu egbu oge niile: ha na-eji aka ha rute n'ụkwụ gbara ọchịchịrị ka ha na-eme njem na 110 kilomita kwa elekere (kilomita 70 kwa elekere), ha na-agbanye pedal breeki ugboro ugboro ruo mgbe ike gwụ enyemaka breeki niile, ma ọ bụ ha tụgharịa igodo mgbanye igwe ruo LOCK ọnọdụ mgbe ị na-akpụ akpụ, na-ajụ steeịlụ siri ike. Ịmara ka ** ịgbanwee ozugbo banye Neutral (N*, tinye ** otu na-aga n'ihu, pịa ụkwụ abụọ na breeki pedal, wee gbuo usoro ihe mberede Push-Button Start/Kwụsị ihe mberede ** na-eweta mmanụ ụgbọala, ngwakọ, ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala eletrik na nkwụsi ike na-achịkwa oge ọ bụla.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

1. ** Gbanwee nnyefe na NEUTRAL (N) ozugbo ***: Nke a bụ otu ihe kacha dị irè n'ime ụgbọ ala ọ bụla gbapụrụ agbapụ. Pịa ọkọlọtọ gia lever otu ọpịpị gaa n'ihu D (Gbaala) n'ime N (Nnọpụiche) na-enweghị ịpị bọtịnụ ntọhapụ, ma ọ bụ jide igwe rotary/stalk shifter na N ọnọdụ maka 1 ruo 2 sekọnd. N'ime ụgbọ ala nnyefe akwụkwọ ntuziaka, ** pịa pedal clutch ruo n'ala ** ma bugharịa mkpanaka ahụ na Neutral. Ịkwụsị nnyefe severs ike engine site na wiil ozugbo.
2. **Tụkwasị ụkwụ aka nri gị (ma ọ bụ ụkwụ abụọ) n'otu ebe na breeki pedal wee gbadaa ka ị nwere ike n'otu mmegharị na-akwụsịghị akwụsị ruo mgbe ụgbọ ala ahụ kwụsịrị. Akwụsịla ma ọ bụ kpatụ pedal breeki ugboro ugboro; mgbe trotul ghe oghe ghe oghe, igwe ihe oriri nke injin na-emepụta oghere efu, yabụ ịgbanye pedal ugboro atọ na-ebelata oghere nkwalite breeki gị wee mee ka pedal ahụ nwee mmetụta siri ike.
3. ** Ejila aka gị gbatuo ma ọ bụ wepụ anya gị n'okporo ụzọ iji dọta pedal ahụ elu ***: debe aka abụọ na steering na anya gị na okporo ụzọ dị n'ihu. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịlele ma ute ala ọ na-agbaji pedal, tufuo ** mkpịsị ụkwụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ aka ekpe gị n'okpuru pedal ngwa ngwa iji tụgharịa ya elu naanị mgbe ị gachara na Neutral.
4. ** Gbanyụọ ọkụ ọkụ n'ụzọ anọ gị n'ihe ize ndụ wee banye n'ubu aka nri kacha obosara ***: dọrọ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala gbara ya gburugburu aka ozugbo wee were ike gị pụọ n'okporo ụzọ awara awara na-arụ ọrụ ka ị na-agbaji.
5. ** Ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala ahụ jụ ịbanye na Neutral, jide bọtịnụ Push START/STOP Bọtịnụ mgbanye mgbada maka sekọnd atọ zuru ezu ***: Ụgbọ ala ọ bụla na-atụgharị bọtịnụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere nchekwa nchekwa gọọmenti etiti arụnyere: ** ịpị ma jide ENGINE START/STOP bọtịnụ na-aga n'ihu maka sekọnd 3 *** (ma ọ bụ ịpị ya ugboro atọ ngwa ngwa n'usoro) na-emechi injin ma ọ bụ moto eletrik na ọsọ ọ bụla na-enweghị ekpochi steering wheel.
6. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-anya ụgbọ ala mgbanye igodo, tụgharịa naanị otu Pịa azụ na igodo ahụ ACC (Ọ dịghị mgbe LOCK*: Ozugbo ị kwụsịrị n'ubu, gbanyụọ injin ahụ kpamkpam, tọọ breeki ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, ma malitegharịa ụgbọ ala ahụ ruo mgbe otu igwe ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala na-adọkpụ ga-enyocha trotul na ala ala.

flowchart TD
    A["Ụgbọ ala na-eme ngwa ngwa na-achịkwaghị achịkwa: pedal gas rapara ma ọ bụ ọ gaghị akwụsịlata"] --> B["Kwụpụ 1: Lelee anya n'okporo ụzọ & gbanye ihe ọkụ ọkụ"]
    B --> C["Kwụpụ 2: Bugharịa Mbufe ozugbo banye NEUTRAL (N) ma ọ bụ ịda mbà n'obi zuru oke."]
    C --> D{"Mbufe apụnara na Nnọpụiche?"}
    D -- "Ee: Engine Revs n'olu dara ụda (Nkịtị), Akwụpụla wiilịnya ụgbọ ala" --> E["Kwụpụ 3: Tinye otu ngwa ngwa siri ike na-aga n'ihu na pedal breeki: AGBALA brek brek."]
    D -- "Mba: Igwe ihe ngbanwe eletrọnịkị rapaara na mbanye" --> F["Mwepu ihe mberede: Pịa ma jide Push-bọtịnụ Malite/Kwụsị maka sekọnd 3 ma ọ bụ tụgharịa igodo 1 Pịa na ACC"]
    F --> E
    E --> G["Kwụpụ 4: Gaba na ubu nchekwa, bịa na nkwụsị zuru oke, tụgharịa na ogige ma mechie igwe"]

Kedu ihe kpatara eji agbanwe na-anọpụ iche (N) bụ #1 omume na-azọpụta ndụ¶

Ọmụmụ nwughari okuku nke US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), NASA's Engineering and Safety Center, na Transport Canada kwadoro na ** na-agbanwe n'ime Neutral (N*** na-ewepụ ngwa ngwa na-atụghị anya ya n'ụgbọ njem ọ bụla n'agbanyeghị ma ihe kpatara ya bụ igwe ma ọ bụ eletrọnịkị.

Kedu ihe ga - eme ma ị banye na Neutral na 110 km / h (70 mph)¶

Ọtụtụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala na-ala azụ itinye nnyefe akpaaka n'ime Neutral na ọsọ awara awara n'ihi na ha na-atụ egwu injin ahụ ga-agbawa ma ọ bụ ngwa nnyefe ga-egweri. Ịghọta ihe na-eme n'ezie na-ewepụ oge ahụ:

1. ** Mmebi nnyefe efu ***: na-esi na Drive (D) ka Neutral (N) na-emepe njigide hydraulic n'ime nnyefe, na-ewepụ igwe na-agbagharị na wiil. Ọ nweghị ike egweri gia ma ọ bụ mebie nnyefe.
2. ** Injin ahụ ga-ama ụja nke ukwuu ruo na eriri uhie ya, leghara mkpọtụ ahụ anya ***: Ozugbo ị banyere na Neutral mgbe pedal gas na-arapara n'ala, RPM nke ebupụghị ya ga-agbapụ ruo 6,000+ RPM wee mee nnukwu mkpọtụ. Atụla ụjọ ma gbanwee azụ n'ime Drive. Injin ọ bụla etinyere mmanụ n'oge a arụpụtara kemgbe ngwụcha afọ 1980 nwere koodu siri ike ** eletrọnịkị rev limiter ** na kọmpụta injin (ECU) nke na-egbutu mmanụ ala milliseconds ozugbo tupu injin ahụ enwee ike ịfefe, na-ekwe ka injin ahụ gbadaa n'enweghị nsogbu megide rev limiter na-akwụsịghị brek ka ọ na-akwụsị.
3. ** Ntughari zuru oke na breeki ike na-anọgide 100% na-arụ ọrụ ***: N'adịghị ka imechi engine (nke nwere ike ibelata enyemaka ịkwọ ụgbọ ala na nkwalite breeki na ụgbọ ala ochie), ịgbanye n'ime Neutral na-eme ka engine ahụ na-agba ọsọ ka hydraulic / electric power steering and anti-lock brakes (ABS) na-anọgide na 100 percent na ike n'ubu ka ị na-agba ọsọ.

Otu esi agbanwe na Neutral n'ofe nhazi ọ bụla nke oge a¶

Ebe ụgbọ ala ndị meworo agadi na-eji obere igwe PRNDL lever dị n'etiti oche, ụgbọ ala ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji akara rotary, bọtịnụ ntinye, steering-column stalks, na ngbanwe mgbanwe. ** Were sekọnd 10 oge ọzọ ị banyere n'ụgbọ ala gị ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ala mgbazinye ka ilele ka onye na-ahọrọ Neutral ya si arụ ọrụ:**

Otu esi eji "Brake Override System" (Smart Pedal) arụnyere n'ime ụgbọ ala gị.¶

N'ịgbaso 2009, 2011 acceleration acceleration echeta na NHTSA regulatory rulemakings (FMVSS No. 124 updates), automakers n'ụwa nile arụnyere ihe eletrọnịkị software nchekwa net a na-akpọ ** brake-Throttle Override System (BOS / "Smart Pedal")** n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụgbọ ala niile wuru-site na 200.

Kedu ka Brake-Throttle Override si arụ ọrụ, yana ihe kpatara ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala meriri ya na mberede¶

1. ** Echiche ahụ ***: Ọ bụrụ na kọmpụta ụgbọ ala ahụ na-ahụ na a na-akụda pedal osooso ma onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-akụda pedal breeki n'otu oge maka ihe karịrị 0.5 sekọnd, kọmpụta ahụ na-ewepụ ihe mmetụta pedal gas na-akpaghị aka wee belata ike engine ruo n'enweghị ọrụ.
2. ** Gịnị kpatara ịgbanye brek ji merie Smart Pedal ***: N'ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala, breeki-Throttle Override na-akpalite naanị ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-etinye ** na-adịgide adịgide, nrụgide na-aga n'ihu ** na pedal breeki, ma ọ bụ chọrọ ka ụkwụ buru ụzọ pụta na gas. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ụjọ ji kụpịa pedal breeki ugboro ugboro, kọmpụta a na-emegharị ahụ na-emegharị oge ọ bụla ụkwụ ha na-ebuli na breeki, NA ha na-agwụcha igwe breeki ha na-ekpo ọkụ ka ha na-ekpo ọkụ rotors brek gafere 500°C (932°F) ruo mgbe breeki ahụ kwụsịrị kpamkpam.
3. ** Otu esi eme ya ***: Guzo na pedal breeki na ụkwụ abụọ n'otu ntabi anya na-enweghị mgbagha ka ị na-atụgharị na Neutral.

Nkwụsị injin mberede na ọsọ: Push-Button vs Keyed Ignition¶

Kedu ihe ma ọ bụrụ na ihe ọṅụṅụ na-esi ísì ụtọ wụfuru ma ọ bụ mmebi eletrọnịkị mechiri ihe na-ebugharị bọtịnụ ntinye ka ọ jụ ịbanye na Neutral, ma ụgbọ ala ahụ ka na-adọkpụ ike megide breeki gị? Ị ga-agbanyụrịrị injin ma ọ bụ moto eletrik ka ị ka na-akpụgharị n'ọsọ okporo ụzọ. ** Usoro ahụ dabere na ma ụgbọ ala gị nwere bọtịnụ Push-Button START/STOP mgba ọkụ ma ọ bụ igodo mgbanye igwe ọdịnala.**

flowchart TD
    A["Mkpa imechi engine na ọsọ n'ihi na Shifter agaghị abanye na-anọpụ iche"] --> B{"Ụdị mgbanye?"}
    B -- "Pịa bọtịnụ Malite / Kwụsị Mgbanwe" --> C["Nhọrọ A: Pịa ma jide bọtịnụ START/Kwụsị na-aga n'ihu maka sekọnd atọ zuru oke"]
    C --> D["Nhọrọ B: Kpatụ bọtịnụ START/Kwụsị ugboro 3 ngwa ngwa n'ime sekọnd abụọ"]
    D --> E["Igwe a na-ebipu ozugbo & Wheel Wheel anaghị ekpochi mgbe ọ na-agbagharị"]
    B -- "Igodo igwe igwe ọdịnala dị na kọlụm ndu" --> F["Tụgharịa igodo counter-n'aka elekere naanị otu Pịa gaa na ọnọdụ ACC / Ngwa"]
    F --> G["Agbanwela igodo ụzọ niile iji kpọchie ma ọ bụ dọpụta igodo: Nke ahụ na-akpọchi wheel wheel siri ike"]
    E --> H["Jiri aka abụọ jide wiil ike & Pịa breeki pedal siri ike ka ọ gaa n'ubu"]
    G --> H

1. Mmalite bọtịnụ (ENGINE START/STOP) ugbo ala¶

Mgbe ị na-anya ụgbọ ala na 100 km / h (62 mph), na-akụ bọtịnụ ntinye START/STOP ịgbanwee otu ugboro maka obere nkeji nke abụọ anaghị eme ** ihe ọ bụla *** (ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala na-ahazi ihe nchekwa nkenke ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ nwata ghara imechi ụgbọ ala ahụ na mberede mgbe ọ na-erute redio).

Iji kpalite ihe nkwụsịtụ n'ime ihe mberede ** n'ụgbọ bọtịnụ ntinye ọ bụla (Toyota, Lexus, Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, BMW, Volkswagen, Nissan, Subaru, wdg) nyere iwu n'okpuru ** SAE J2948** ụkpụrụ:

• ** Usoro 1 (Jide Sekọnd 3): Pịa mkpịsị aka gị nke ọma na ENGINE START/STOP bọtịnụ ma jituo ya ala na-aga n'ihu maka sekọnd 3 zuru ezu (One-one-thousand, Two-one-thousand, Three-one-thousand). Igwe ahụ ga-agbanyụ ozugbo, nnyefe ga-apụ n'ike, yana ** mkpọchi kọlụm steering eletrọnịkị ga-anọgide na-akpọchighị ma ọ bụrụhaala na wiil ndị ahụ na-atụgharị.
• ** Usoro 2 (3 mgbata ngwa ngwa)**: Nhọrọ, pịa ENGINE START/STOP bọtịnụ ** ugboro 3 n'usoro ọsọ ọsọ *** n'ime sekọnd abụọ.

2. Traditional Mechanical Keyed mgbanye ụgbọ ala¶

3. Ụgbọ ala eletrik (EVs) na-enweta ngwangwa na-atụghị anya ya ma ọ bụ mfu breeki na-emegharị.¶

Ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala eletriki batrị (BEV) na-agba ọsọ na-atụghị anya ma ọ bụ adalata mgbe ị na-ebuli elu pedal ngwa ngwa (cheta na mgbe batrị EV na-ebuba 98% ruo 100% ma ọ bụ na ihu igwe oyi na-atụ oyi, ** "Otu-Pedal Regenerative Braking" na-ebelata ma ọ bụ mechie ụgbọ ala iji mee ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-anya ụgbọ ala. "na-eme ngwa ngwa" n'onwe ya mgbe ha weliri ụkwụ ha):

1. Bugharịa ụkwụ gị ozugbo site na pedal ngwa ngwa gaa na ** breeki esemokwu anụ ahụ ** wee pịa ike.
2. Pịa draịva ma ọ bụ onye na-ahọrọ ka N (Na-anọpụ iche) ma jide 1 sekọnd.
3. EV ọ bụla nwere sọftụwia ** brake-Motor Override *** nke na-ebipụ ihe ntụgharị eletrik ozugbo na millisecond mgba ọkụ hydraulic breeki ahụ na-ada mbà n'akụkụ onye na-eme ngwa ngwa.

Kedu ihe na-akpata pedal gas rapaara, yana otu esi egbochi ya taa¶

Nnyocha nke puku kwuru puku mkpọka ngwangwa a na-atụghị anya ya na-ekpughe ihe kpatara mgbọrọgwụ atọ na-emekarị n'ime ụkwụ ụkwụ ndị njem:

Ịkwesịrị iji breeki Mberede/adọba ụgbọala n'oge ihe mberede ụgbọ ala gbapụrụ?¶

Naanị jiri breeki ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala dị ka ** nkwado ndabere na mpaghara nke abụọ *** ka ị gafechara na Neutral (N) ma na-apịa pedal breeki ụkwụ bụ isi:

• ** Gịnị kpatara breeki ụkwụ bụ isi ji 5x sie ike ***: Pedal breeki hydraulic gị na-amachi nnukwu brek diski n'ihu na azụ ventilashị na wiil anọ niile nwere njikwa mgbochi mkpọchi (ABS), ebe breeki ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na-eme naanị obere akpụkpọ ụkwụ azụ ma ọ bụ calipers azụ.
• ** Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọkwa breeki ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ***:
  • ** breeki na-adọba ụgbọala eletrik ((P) mgba ọkụ) ***: Dọrọ na ** jide kọmputa (P) gbanwee elu na-aga n'ihu. Ụgbọ ala ọgbara ọhụrụ a na-eji breeki ihe mberede dị ike ga-agbagharị ụkwụ anọ niile site na mgbapụta ABS ma ọ bụrụhaala na ị na-ejide mgba ọkụ ahụ (ịhapụ mgba ọkụ na-akwụsị breeki).
  • **Mechanical Handbreek Lever ***: Na-apịa isi mkpịsị aka gị mgbe niile na bọtịnụ ntọhapụ chrome n'ọnụ ọnụ aka wee welie nke nta nke nta; ** ebipụla breeki aka elu na-ejideghị bọtịnụ ***, ma ọ bụ n'azụ ụkwụ nwere ike igbachi siri ike ma tụgharịa ụgbọ ala gị n'azụ na ọsọ awara awara.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

enyochara isi mmalite¶

• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) na NASA Engineering na Safety Center (NESC, United States): * Ntụle Nka na ụzụ nke na-atụghị anya ngwa ngwa na njem njem, breeki-throttle override Systems, na FMVSS No. 124 Accelerator Control Systems *.
• Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International): SAE J2948 Standard: Keyless Push-Button Ignition Systems In-Motion Emergency Engine Shutdown Protocols.
• Ụgbọ njem Canada (Canada): * Ihe ị ga-eme ma ọ bụrụ na ụgbọ ala gị na-agba ọsọ n'amaghị ama: Ntụgharị na-anọpụ iche na ntụzịaka breeki *.
• Akụkọ ndị ahịa na data nyocha injinia ụgbọ ala na onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala (United States): Ịkwụsị ụgbọ ala agbala ọsọ na oghere mepere emepe: Braking Physics, Vacuum Depletion, and Push-Button Shutdown Tests.
• United Kingdom Ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na ụgbọ ala Agency (DVSA) na The Highway Code (United Kingdom): * Njikwa ụgbọ ala mberede na usoro ọdịda arụrụ arụ n'okporo ụzọ.

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Ọdịda brek mgbe ị na-anya ụgbọ ala
• Ọpụpụ taya na ọdịda ịkwọ ụgbọala na ọsọ
• Ihe mberede ụgbọ ala