Kukhazikika kwa accelerator pedal ndi kupulumuka kwagalimoto yothawa¶

Kukumana ndi chiwongolero chokhazikika kapena kuthamanga kosayembekezeka pa liwiro la msewu waukulu ndi ngozi yowopsa yamakina. Kaya zachitika chifukwa cha mphasa ya rabara yosatetezedwa yokhomerera popondapo gasi, chingwe chophwanyika, valavu yomata, kapena vuto la sensa yamagetsi yoyendetsa galimoto, galimoto ikupita patsogolo ndi mphamvu ya injini kulowera pang'onopang'ono kumapatsa dalaivala masekondi ochepa chabe kuti achitepo kanthu.

Chifukwa cha mantha, madalaivala amalakwitsa katatu: amafika pamalo amdima ndi manja awo pamene akuyenda mtunda wa makilomita 110 pa ola (makilomita 70 pa ola), amapopa chonyamulira mabuleki mobwerezabwereza mpaka mphamvu yonse ya mabuleki itatheratu, kapena kukhotetsa kiyi yoyatsira moto. LOCK malo pamene ikuyenda, kuzizira chiwongolero cholimba. Kudziwa momwe mungasinthire nthawi yomweyo kupita ku Neutral (N)**, ikani kusindikizira kumodzi kopitilira, kwamiyendo iwiri pa brake pedal, ndikuchita **3-sekondi 3 Kankhani-Button Start/Stop kupha mwadzidzidzi ** kumabweretsa galimoto iliyonse yamafuta, haibridi, kapena yamagetsi pamalo otetezeka, oyendetsedwa nthawi iliyonse.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Sinthani kutumiza ku NEUTRAL (N) nthawi yomweyo: Ichi ndiye chinthu chimodzi chothandiza kwambiri pagalimoto iliyonse yothawa. Kankhani cholozera cha giya chokhazikika kumodzi kupita patsogolo D (Yendetsani) kulowa N (Ndale) popanda kukanikiza batani lotulutsa, kapena gwiritsani chosinthira chamagetsi / phesi mu N malo 1 mpaka 2 masekondi. Mugalimoto yotumiza pamanja, kankhirani chopondapo mpaka pansi ndikusuntha ndodo ku Neutral. Kuchotsa mphamvu ya injini yopatsirana kuchokera kumawilo nthawi yomweyo.
2. Pondani ma brake pedal ndi KUKHALA KUMODZI mosalekeza, kolimba (OSATI kupopa mabuleki): Ikani phazi lanu lakumanja (kapena mapazi onse awiri) molunjika pa mabuleki ndipo kanikizani mwamphamvu momwe mungathere ndikusuntha kumodzi kosadodometsedwa mpaka galimoto itayima. Osapopa kapena kumenya chopondapo mobwerezabwereza; chopondera chikatsekeka kwambiri, injini yolowera imatulutsa ziro, kotero kupopera chopondapo katatu kumachepetsa nkhokwe yanu ya brake booster vacuum reserve ndikupangitsa kuti chopondacho chizimva kukhala cholimba.
3. Osafika pansi ndi manja anu kapena kuchotsa maso anu pamsewu kuti mukweze chopondapo: Manja anu onse azikhala pachiwongolero ndipo maso anu ali pamayendedwe omwe ali patsogolo. Ngati mukufuna kuwona ngati mphasa yapansi ikugwedezeka, lowetsani chala cha nsapato yanu yakumanzere pansi pa chonyamulira chothamangitsira kuti muyitembenuzire m'mwamba pokhapokha mutasintha kukhala Neutral.
4. Yatsani zowunikira zanu zanjira zinayi ndikulunjika paphewa lakumanja lalitali kwambiri: Chenjezani oyendetsa magalimoto ozungulira nthawi yomweyo ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu zanu kuti mutuluke mumsewu womwe ukuyenda pamene mukuphwanya mabuleki.
5. Galimoto ikakana kusalowerera ndale, gwirani Kankhani-Batani START/STOP batani loyatsira pansi kwa masekondi atatu athunthu: Galimoto yamakono iliyonse yoyambira imakhala ndi chitetezo chokhazikika: ** kukanikiza ndi kugwira ENGINE START/STOP batani mosalekeza kwa masekondi atatu ** (kapena kukanikiza katatu mothamanga motsatana) kumatseka injini kapena mota yamagetsi kuzimitsa liwiro lililonse popanda kutseka chiwongolero.
6. Ngati mukuyendetsa galimoto yoyatsira makiyi, tembenuzirani kiyi KUKHALIDWE KUMODZI KUKHALA ACC (Osatero LOCK): Mukayimitsidwa paphewa, zimitsani injiniyo kotheratu, ikani mabuleki oimikapo magalimoto, ndipo musayambitsenso galimotoyo mpaka wokonza galimoto kapena galimoto yokokera galimoto atayang’ana mikwingwirima ndi mikwingwirima yapansi.

flowchart TD
    A["Galimoto Imathamanga Mosasunthika: Pedal ya Gasi Yakhazikika Kapena Sakuchedwetsa"] --> B["Khwerero 1: Yang'anani Pamsewu & Yatsani Zowunikira Zowopsa"]
    B --> C["Khwerero 2: Shift Transmission Nthawi yomweyo kulowa NEUTRAL (N) kapena Depress Clutch Fully"]
    C --> D{"Kodi Kupatsirana Kunasiya Kusalowerera Ndale?"}
    D -- "Inde: Engine Revs Loudly (Normal), Drive Wheel Disconnected" --> E["Khwerero 3: Ikani Kukanikiza Kumodzi Kosalekeza pa Brake Pedal: OSATI KUPONZA MABULEKI"]
    D -- "Ayi: Electronic Shifter Yokhazikika mu Drive" --> F["Kuwonjezera Kwadzidzidzi: Dinani & Gwirani Kankhani-Batani YAMBIRI/IMANI kwa Sekondi zitatu KAPENA Tembenuzani Kiyi 1 Dinani kuti ACC"]
    F --> E
    E --> G["Khwerero 4: Yang'anani Pamapewa Otetezeka, Bwerani Kumamaliza Kuyimitsa, Shift to Park & Shut Engine Off"]

Chifukwa Chake Muyenera Kusalowerera Ndale (N) ndi #1 yopulumutsa moyo¶

Maphunziro okhudza kuwonongeka kwa ngozi a US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), NASA's Engineering and Safety Center, ndi Transport Canada amatsimikizira kuti kusinthira ku Neutral (N) nthawi yomweyo imalepheretsa kuthamanga kosayembekezereka m'galimoto iliyonse yonyamula anthu mosasamala kanthu kuti chifukwa chake ndi chamakina kapena chamagetsi.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani mukalowa mu Neutral pa 110 km/h (70 mph)¶

Madalaivala ambiri amazengereza kuyika ma transmission mu Neutral pa liwiro la msewu chifukwa amawopa kuti injini iphulika kapena magiya otumizira agaya. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika kwenikweni kumachotsa kukayikako:

1. Ziro zowonongeka: Kusintha kuchoka Drive (D) ku Neutral (N) imangotsegula zingwe zama hydraulic mkati mwa kufala, ndikuchotsa injini yozungulira pamawilo. Sichingathe kugaya magiya kapena kuvulaza kufala.
2. **Injini idzabangula mokweza mpaka ku redline yake, kunyalanyaza phokoso : Nthawi yomweyo musunthire ku Neutral pomwe chopondapo cha gasi chikakhazikika pansi, ma RPM otsitsidwa a injini amawombera mpaka 6,000+ RPM ndikupanga phokoso lalikulu. Osachita mantha ndipo musabwererenso mu Drive. Injini iliyonse yamakono yobadwira mafuta yopangidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ili ndi electronic rev limiter yolimba kwambiri mu injini ya kompyuta (ECU) yomwe imadula ma liseconds amafuta injini isanayambe kuwuka mopitilira, zomwe zimalola injiniyo kuti igubuduke motetezeka polimbana ndi rev limiter popanda kuyima pomwe mukuyima.
3. Chiwongolero chathunthu ndi mabuleki amphamvu amakhalabe 100% yogwira: Mosiyana ndi kuzimitsa injini (komwe kungachepetse chiwongolero chamagetsi ndi kulimbikitsa mabuleki oyaka pamagalimoto akale), kusuntha kupita ku Neutral kumapangitsa injiniyo kuthamanga kotero kuti chiwongolero chanu cha hydraulic/electric power and anti-lock brakes (ABS) zikhalebe pa 100 peresenti mphamvu pamene mukuwongoka pamapewa.

Momwe mungasinthire ku Neutral pamapangidwe aliwonse amakono¶

Ngakhale kuti magalimoto akale onse ankagwiritsa ntchito lever yosavuta ya PRNDL pakati pa mipando, magalimoto amakono amagwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira, mabatani, mapesi owongolera, ndi ma switch switch. Tengani masekondi 10 nthawi ina mukadzalowa mgalimoto yanu kapena mgalimoto yobwereka kuti muwone momwe chosankha chake Chopanda Neutral chimagwirira ntchito:

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito "Brake Override System" yagalimoto yanu (Smart Pedal)¶

Kutsatira 2009, 2011 mathamangitsidwe mathamangitsidwe mosayembekezereka ndi NHTSA regulatory rulemakings (FMVSS No. 124 zosintha), automakers padziko lonse anaika pulogalamu yamagetsi chitetezo ukonde wotchedwa Brake-Throttle Override System (BOS / "Smart Pedal") pafupifupi onse galimoto-by-20 magalimoto omangidwa pambuyo 20 waya.

Momwe Brake-Throttle Override imagwirira ntchito, komanso chifukwa chomwe madalaivala amagonjetsera mwangozi¶

1. Nzeru: Ngati kompyuta yagalimoto iwona kuti chonyamulira chapanikizidwa NDIPO dalaivala akanikizira mwamphamvu chonyamulira mabuleki nthawi yomweyo kwa masekondi opitilira 0.5, kompyutayo imangoyang'ana sensa ya gas pedal ndikudula mphamvu ya injini mpaka kukhala yopanda kanthu.
2. **Chifukwa chiyani kupopera mabuleki kugonjetsera Smart Pedal **: M'magalimoto ambiri, Brake-Throttle Override imangoyambitsa ngati dalaivala agwiritsa kupanikizika kosalekeza, kosalekeza pa brake pedal, KAPENA kumafuna phazi kuti lituluke kaye gasi. Ngati dalaivala wochita mantha agogoda ndikutulutsa chonyamulira mobwerezabwereza, kompyuta yodutsa imayambiranso nthawi iliyonse phazi lawo likatsika pa brake, NDIPO amawotcha mabuleki awo akuwotcha mabuleki kupitirira 500 ° C (932 ° F) mpaka mabuleki amazimiratu.
3. Mmene mungayambitsire: Imani pa chopondaponda ndi mapazi onse awiri mu kukankha kumodzi kosasunthika, kosagwedezeka uku mukusunthira ku Ndale.

Kuyimitsa kwa injini yadzidzidzi pa liwiro: Push-Button vs Keyed Ignition¶

Nanga bwanji ngati chakumwa chashuga chomwe chatayikira kapena vuto lamagetsi likupanikizani chosinthira chosinthira batani kuti chikukane kulowa mu Neutral, ndipo galimotoyo ikukokabe mabuleki anu mwamphamvu? Muyenera kutseka injini kapena galimoto yamagetsi pamene mukugudubuzika pa liwiro la msewu waukulu. Njirayi imadalira ngati galimoto yanu ili ndi Push-Batani START/STOP switch kapena kiyi yoyatsira chitsulo yachikhalidwe.

flowchart TD
    A["Muyenera Kuyimitsa Injini Mwachangu Chifukwa Shifter Sidzalowa Mwandalama"] --> B{"Mtundu Woyatsira?"}
    B -- "Kankhani-Batani Yambitsani / Imitsani Kusintha" --> C["Yankho A: Dinani & Gwirani batani loyambira/Imitsani mosalekeza kwa masekondi atatu athunthu"]
    C --> D["Yankho B: Dinani batani loyambira/Imitsani Nthawi 3 Mofulumira Mkati Masekondi awiri"]
    D --> E["Injini Imadula Nthawi Yomweyo & Chiwongolero Chimatsekeka NTHAWI YOKUMBUKIRA"]
    B -- "Traditional Mechanical Metal Key mu Chiwongolero" --> F["Tembenukirani Key Counter-Clockwise KUKHALA KUMODZI KUKHALA ku ACC / Chowonjezera Position"]
    F --> G["OSAtembenuzira Kiyi Njira Yonse Kuti KOMA kapena Kukoka Makiyi: Amene Amatseka Chiwongolero Chokhazikika"]
    E --> H["Gwirani Wheel Molimba Ndi Manja Awiri & Kanikizani Brake Pedal Yolimba Kuti Muyendetse Mapewa"]
    G --> H

1. Kankhani-Batani Loyambira (ENGINE START/STOP) magalimoto¶

Mukuyendetsa 100 km / h (62 mph), ndikugogoda batani START/STOP kusintha kamodzi kwa kachigawo kakang'ono ka sekondi imodzi kumachita palibe (opanga makina amaika chitetezo chaching'ono kuti dalaivala kapena mwana wamng'ono asatseke galimotoyo mwangozi akafika pa wailesi).

Kuyambitsa Emergency In-Motion Shutdown pagalimoto iliyonse yamabatani (Toyota, Lexus, Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, BMW, Volkswagen, Nissan, Subaru, etc.) yolamulidwa ndi SAE J2948 miyezo:

• Njira Yoyamba (Gwirani Masekondi atatu): Dinani chala chanu mwamphamvu pa **ENGINE START/STOP batani ndikuyiyika pansi mosalekeza kwa masekondi atatu athunthu ** (One-one-thousand, Two-one-thousand, Three-one-thousand). Injini idzatsekedwa nthawi yomweyo, kufalitsa kudzasiya mphamvu, ndipo ** chowongolera chamagetsi chamagetsi chidzakhalabe CHOSATSIDWA ** malinga ngati mawilo akutembenuka.
• Njira 2 (Mapaipi 3 Othamanga): Kapenanso, dinani batani ENGINE START/STOP batani ** katatu motsatizana mwachangu ** mkati mwa masekondi awiri.

2. Traditional Mechanical Keyed Ignition magalimoto¶

3. Magalimoto Amagetsi (EVs) omwe akukumana ndi kuthamanga kosayembekezereka kapena kutayika kwa mabuleki osinthika¶

Ngati Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) ithamanga mosayembekezeka kapena ikulephera kuchepetsa pamene mukukweza pedal accelerator (kumbukirani kuti pamene batire ya EV yaperekedwa ku 98% mpaka 100% kapena nyengo yozizira kwambiri, **"One-Pedal Regenerative Braking" imachepetsa kwakanthawi kapena kutseka dalaivala yemwe akuyendetsa galimoto pang'onopang'ono. "kuthamanga" paokha akakweza phazi lawo):

1. Sunthani phazi lanu nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pa accelerator pedal kupita ku ** friction brake pedal ** ndikusindikiza mwamphamvu.
2. Kankhani phesi lagalimoto kapena chosankha kuti N (Ndale) ndipo gwirani sekondi imodzi.
3. EV iliyonse imakhala ndi pulogalamu ** Brake-Motor Override ** yomwe imadula nthawi yomweyo inverter torque ma millisecond chosinthira cha hydraulic brake pedal switch chimakhumudwa pambali pa chowonjezera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuponda kwa gasi, komanso momwe mungapewere masiku ano¶

Kufufuza kwa zikwizikwi za ngozi zothamangitsidwa mosayembekezereka zikuwonetsa zifukwa zitatu zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza m'mapazi okwera anthu:

Should you use the Emergency / Parking Brake during a runaway vehicle emergency?¶

Only use the parking brake as a secondary backup after you have shifted into Neutral (N) and are pressing the main foot brake pedal:

• Why the main foot brake is 5x stronger: Your main hydraulic brake pedal clamps massive front and rear ventilated disc brakes at all four wheels with anti-lock (ABS) skid control, whereas a parking brake only actuates small rear shoes or rear calipers.
• If you also need the parking brake:
  • Electronic Parking Brake ((P) switch): Pull and hold the electronic (P) switch upward continuously. Modern cars programmed with dynamic emergency braking will pulse all four wheels via the ABS pump as long as you hold the switch up (releasing the switch stops the braking).
  • Mechanical Handbrake Lever: Keep your thumb pressed continuously on the chrome release button at the tip of the handle and pull up gradually; never yank a handbrake up without holding the button, or the rear wheels can lock solid and spin your car around backward at highway speed.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Magwero afufuzidwa¶

• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC, United States): Technical Assessment of Unintended Acceleration in Passenger Vehicles, Brake-Throttle Override Systems, and FMVSS No. 124 Accelerator Control Systems.
• Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International): SAE J2948 Standard: Keyless Push-Button Ignition Systems In-Motion Emergency Engine Shutdown Protocols.
• Transport Canada (Canada): What to Do If Your Vehicle Accelerates Unintentionally: Neutral Shift and Braking Guidance.
• Consumer Reports and Car and Driver Engineering Test Data (United States): Stopping a Runaway Car at Wide-Open Throttle: Braking Physics, Vacuum Depletion, and Push-Button Shutdown Tests.
• United Kingdom Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) and The Highway Code (United Kingdom): Emergency Vehicle Control and Mechanical Failure Procedures on Motorways.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Kulephera kwa mabuleki poyendetsa galimoto
• Tire blowout and steering failure at speed
• Car crash