Commercial Laundry Extractor Spin-Basket Entanglement ndi Flatwork Ironer Draw-In Rescue¶

Zochapira zamalonda, hotelo, zipatala, ndi zandende zimagwiritsa ntchito magulu atatu a makina opanga makina omwe amaphatikiza kusinthasintha kwakukulu kozungulira, kuthamanga kwa matani angapo a pneumatic kapena hydraulic clamping, komanso mphamvu yamafuta otenthetsera: mawotchi ochapira othamanga kwambiri a centrifugal, zochitsulo zotenthetsera za calender flatwork (mangles), ndi gar mpne Pamene makina ochapira ochapira amapota 50-to-400-kilogram (110-to-880-pound) katundu wansalu wonyowa pa 600 mpaka 1,200 revolutions pamphindi (rpm) kuti atenge madzi pa 200 mpaka 400 G-force, perforated carforated stainless-steel imasunga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ngati chitseko chachitetezo chamagetsi chamagetsi chikulephera, chimadutsidwa ndi tepi kapena waya wolumphira, kapena kutsegulidwa pomwe ng'oma idakali pansi, ndipo wogwira ntchito amalowa mkati kuti atulutse mapepala opotoka, nsalu yozungulira imagwira dzanja lake ndikung'amba mkono kuchokera pamapewa ( traumatic forequarter avul or transhumeral or transhumeral) m'ng'oma yozungulira yosakwana masekondi 0.2.

Choopsanso ndi ** kuphatikiza kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ("hot press" kapena calender roller injury)** mkati mwa flatwork ironer kapena pneumatic laundry press. Zosita m'mafakitale zimakoka malasa achinyezi ndi nsalu zapatebulo pakati pa zitsulo zolemera kwambiri ndi zifuwa zotenthetsera nthunzi, zotenthetsera gasi, kapena zotenthetsa ndi mafuta zomwe zikuyenda pa 160 mpaka 200 digiri Celsius (320 mpaka 392 madigiri Fahrenheit). Ngati zala za wogwiritsa ntchitoyo zadutsa kapena kutsetsereka kunsi kwa kutsogolo kwa wolondera zala, malamba odyetserako chakudya ndi silinda yachitsulo yotenthetsera imakoka dzanja ndi mkono wapatsogolo pamalo opindika pamene akuphika khungu lophwanyidwa, minyewa, ndi fupa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 200 Celsius. Kudziwa momwe mungamenyere cholozera chala chala-m'lifupi ndi kumasula mphamvu ya roller musanakokere dzanja lotsekeredwa chammbuyo, momwe mungathyole ndi kutseka chotsitsa cha centrifuge, komanso kuziziritsa kuvulala kophatikizana kwa digiri yachitatu ndi kutentha kwamanja kumapulumutsa miyoyo ndi manja. Mwaona manambala angozi, chodulira nyama chamalonda, chosakanizira mtanda, ndi kutsekera kwa makina odyera, kudulidwa ndi kudulidwa kusungidwa kwa miyendo,ndi amayaka.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. klzzwxh:0035 Musese kukoka dzanja lomwe latsekeredwa mmbuyo mokakamiza kapena chowongolera chikhalabe chothandizira; Kukoka dzanja lophikidwa, lophwanyika podutsa pothina kumachotsa khungu ndi minyewa pamafupa (thermal degloving).
2. Tulutsani makina, pneumatic, kapena hydraulic clamping pressure pa cholozera chotenthetsera kapena mutu wa press press NTHAWI YOMWEYO kuti chitsulo chotenthacho chituluke m'manja mwa wovulalayo pakangopita masekondi angapo. Mphindikati iliyonse mukakhudza 180-degree-Celsius (356-degree-Fahrenheit) kulimba kwachifuwa kumasintha chitsulo cholimba-cholimba kwambiri. zala zomwe zimafuna kudulidwa:
3. Pa Ironer ya Flatwork: Yambitsani chosinthira ** chonyamulira chodzigudubuza / denga lokwezera denga , tsegulani ** valavu yotayira mpweya, kapena gwirani chingwe chadzidzidzi cham'manja / lever m'mbali mwake kuti mukweze mpukutu woponderezedwa kuchokera pachifuwa cha nthunzi / mpweya wotentha ndikutembenuza mpukutuwo kumbuyo.
4. Pa Mpweya Wotulutsa Mpweya Wokanikizira: Menyani mabatani awiri kutulutsa mutu / E-Stop yofiyira kapena kokerani vavu yotayira mpweya yoponderezedwa pa silinda yakumbuyo ya chibayo kuti kasupe wopingasa wopingasa atseguke; ngati kasupe wobwererayo wathyoka, tsegulani tonde kumtunda ndi khwangwala kapena matabwa 2x4 nthawi yomweyo.
5. Ngati mkono kapena thupi la wogwira ntchito lagwidwa mkati mwa makina ochapira ochapira kapena chowumitsira chowumitsira mafakitale, gundani E-Stop yofiyira ndi kutsegula chobowola chamagetsi cha khoma lalikulu, ndiye dikirani kuti ng'oma iyimitsetu musanalowe mkati. Musagwiritse ntchito manja anu kapena ndodo kuyesa kuletsa basket basket yozungulira 200 kilogram (440-pounds) spin centrifuge; kutenga pepala lonyowa mkati mwa ng'oma yamphepete mwa nyanja mudzakulunga mkono wanu mumakina.
6. Imbani nambala yanu yazadzidzi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom) ndikunena za "High-speed commercial laundry centrifuge amputation/entrapment" kapena "Heated industrial ironer thermal crush-entrapment." Pemphani Fire-Rescue zida zolemetsa za ALS; fufuzani manambala angozi.
7. *Pakuti mudulidwe centrifuge ndi kukhetsa magazi koika moyo pachiwopsezo, gwiritsani ntchito windlass tourniquet 5 mpaka 7 centimita (2 mpaka 3 mainchesi) pamwamba pa chitsa chodulidwa nthawi yomweyo, kapena pangani zitsulo pamapewa (axilla) molimba ndi yopyapyala yopyapyala kapena yopyapyala ndipo gwirani mosalekeza ngati chala chanu chili cholimba kuti mutembenuze dzanja lanu lakumanzere. ndi kuziziritsa mwendo wodulidwa bwino pa thumba la madzi oundana; onani kutuluka magazi ndi kudulidwa ndi kudulidwa kusungidwa kwa miyendo.
8. Dzanja kapena mkono ukatulutsidwa muzitsulo zotenthetsera kapena makina osindikizira a nthunzi, kuthirirani mwendo wowotchedwa ndi wophwanyidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi apampopi aukhondo ozizira (15 mpaka 20 digiri Celsius / 59 mpaka 68 digiri Seshasi) kwa mphindi 20 mukuvula mphete kapena mawotchi pa zala zomwe sizinawotchedwe. Musati muzipaka madzi oundana ophwanyidwa kapena kutenthedwa ndi madzi oundana. minyewa ya m'mphepete mwa ischemic.

Mtengo wachigamulo: chochotsera zovala zamalonda, chosungiramo zovala, ndi kupulumutsa atolankhani¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Zadzidzidzi Makina Ochapira Zamalonda"] --> Machine{"Ndi makina ochapira amtundu wanji?"}
    Machine -->|"Washer-Extractor / Centrifuge Spin Basket Entanglement"| Extractor["1. Menyani chofiyira E-Stop ndi kutembenuza khoma magetsi kutulutsa ZIMIRI; 2. OSATIKULUKANITSA ng'oma yozungulira ndi manja; 3. Dikirani mabuleki amphamvu/ogundana kuti ayimitse basiketi; 4. Ikani tourniquet kapena mphambano axillary bala kulongedza katundu pa mkono avulsed; 5. Sungani nthambi yodulidwayo mu yopyapyala yopyapyala mkati mwa thumba la pulasitiki pamadzi oundana"]
    Machine -->|"Chowotcha Pamanja Chotenthetsera (Calender Roller) Chojambula Pamanja"| Ironer["1. Menyani m'lifupi zonse kutsogolo chala-mlonda panic bar & kumenya E-Stop; 2. OSATI kugwetsa dzanja lotsekeredwa chammbuyo podutsa pothina; 3. Kumasula pneumatic/spring roller pressure OR crank manual handwheel kuti mukweze mpukutuwo kuchoka pa 180 C (356 F) pachifuwa chotenthedwa nthawi yomweyo; 4. Kuziziritsa-kuwotcha-wotchera pansi pamadzi apompopompo ozizira kwa mphindi 20"]
    Machine -->|"Chovala cha Pneumatic / Linen Steam Press Press Head Pinning"| SteamPress["1. Imenyeni E-Stop / batani lotulutsa mutu wadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo; 2. Ngati mutu ukhala pansi, tulutsani valavu ya silinda ya mpweya kumbuyo kwa chosindikizira; 3. Dulani tonde kumtunda wotenthedwa mmwamba ndi pry bar ndi chipika lotseguka; 4. Kuziziritsa kuphatikiza nthunzi / kuphwanya-kuwotcha ndi madzi apampopi akuthamanga kwa mphindi 20"]
    Machine -->|"Walk-In / Pass-Through Industrial Tunnel Washer kapena Dryer"| Tunnel["1. Menyani E-Stop ndi kutseka zolumikizira zazikulu za nthunzi, gasi, ndi magetsi; 2. Zotsekera zotsegula kuti zitulutse nthunzi yotentha ndi mpweya wotentha; 3. Tulutsani wogwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya Confined Space ndikuchiza matenda a stroke / scalds"]
    Extractor --> EMS["Imbani 911/112/999 pa Level 1 Trauma, Hand Replantation, kapena Regional Burn Center transport."]
    Ironer --> EMS
    SteamPress --> EMS
    Tunnel --> EMS

Ma washer-extractor amalonda ndi zoopsa za centrifugal hydro-extractor¶

Chifukwa chiyani kupota bafuta wonyowa kumakhala ngati winchi yamphamvu kwambiri¶

M'malo ochapira amalonda, madzi amachotsedwa pamapepala ochapitsidwa, matawulo, ndi yunifolomu m'kati mwa ophatikiza wotchi yothamanga kwambiri kapena mkati mwa chotsitsa chapamwamba chopatulira centrifugal hydro-extractor ("spinner"). Panthawi yotulutsa, dengu lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri limazungulira 600 mpaka 1,200 rpm.

Zinthu ziwiri zakuthupi zimapangitsa kuti dengu lochapira likhale lowopsa ngati litafikiridwa lisanayime (ziro-liwiro):

1. Kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso nthawi yayitali yopita kumphepete mwa nyanja: Masamba a thonje wonyowa amalemera 100 mpaka 400 kilogalamu (mapaundi 220 mpaka 880) amapaka kunja kwa ng'oma yolemera yachitsulo yosapanga dzimbiri, yomwe imakhala ngati gudumu lalikulu la ntchentche. Ngati mabuleki amphamvu amagetsi kapena ma pneumatic friction brake atha kapena kulephera, ng'omayo imapitilira kuzunguliridwa mwakachetechete ndi inertia yoyera kwa 2 mpaka 5 mphindi nthawi yozungulira itatha.
2. Loko yolimba ya nsalu yonyowa yopotoka: Mabedi onyowa a thonje kapena poliyesitala wopindidwa pamodzi pa 300 G-force ali ndi mphamvu yosweka ya ma kilogalamu zikwi zingapo. Wogwira ntchito wosaleza mtima akatsegula chitseko chochotsera makina ochapira chomwe zero-speed interlock switch yathyoka kapena kulambalalitsidwa ndikufikira kukakokera pakona ya pepala pomwe ng'oma ikuzungulirabe * 60 mpaka 100 rpm, chinsalu chonyowacho chimakulungidwa mwamphamvu kuzungulira dzanja lawo ndi pamkono ngati mfundo yolumikizira. Pakadutsa kachigawo kakang'ono ka sekondi imodzi, unyinji wozungulirawo umakhota mkono mozungulira mbali yapakati, zomwe zimapangitsa ** kuthyoka kozungulira kozungulira kwa utali, ulna, ndi humerus* kutsatiridwa ndi kudulidwa kwathunthu pachigongono kapena zitsulo zamapewa, kapena kukoka mutu wa wogwira ntchito ndi chimango chakumtunda kudzera pachitseko chozungulira.

Miyezo yovomerezeka yolumikizira chitetezo (OSHA 1910.264, ANSI L1.1, & EN ISO 10472)¶

Pansi pa OSHA 29 CFR 1910.264©(1) & (2), ANSI Z8.1 / L1.1, UK HSE Laundry Guidance, ndi European Standard EN ISO 10472-2, makina ochapira ndi centrifugal extractor ayenera kukhala ndi:

• Chotsekereza chitseko cha electromechanical chosagwira ntchito NDI kachipangizo koyenda zero-liwiro: Chitseko chotsegula kapena chivindikiro chapamwamba chiyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisatseguke pomwe dengu lamkati likuzungulira, ndipo choyendetsa chiyenera kuletsedwa kuti chisayambike chitseko chili chotsegula. Chofunika kwambiri, loko losavuta lanthawi sikokwanira ngati brake ikulephera; Miyezo yamakono yachitetezo imafuna ** loko yozungulira (zero-liwiro) ** yomwe imasunga chitseko cha solenoid mpaka kuzungulira kwa basket kutsimikiziridwa pa ** 0 rpm **.
• Kutsimikizira kutsekeka kwatsiku ndi tsiku: Ngati chitseko chilichonse chochapira kapena chowumitsira chitha kutsegulidwa pomwe ng'oma ikutembenuka, makinawo ayenera kutsekedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikutsekeredwa kunja kwa ntchito (Lockout/Tagout) mpaka atakonzedwa ndi katswiri wodziwa ntchito.

Flatwork ironer (calender roller) kujambula ndi kuvulala kwamafuta¶

Momwe chowotcha chophwanyika chimayambitsa kupwetekedwa mtima kophatikizana kophatikizana ndi kuwotcha¶

Wochita malonda wosanja chitsulo (calender kapena mangle) amasita zoyala zonyowa, ma pillowcases, ndi nsalu zapatebulo pa liwiro la 5 mpaka 50 metres pamphindi (15 mpaka 165 mapazi pa mphindi). Kutengera kapangidwe kake, imagwiritsa ntchito:

• Chitsulo cha Chifuwa (Chogudubuza-ndi-Chifuwa) Chitsulo: Chitsulo chimodzi kapena zinayi zazikuluzikulu zopukutira (zokutidwa ndi Nomex/aramid zosamva kutentha ndi akasupe) kanikizani bafuta wonyowa pansi ndi masauzande ambiri amphamvu yakupneumatic kapena makina akumasika muchitsulo chopukutidwa, chopindika chotenthetsera chitsulo chotenthetsera 3 chotenthetsera* mkati mwa nthunzi* 3 (bedi) bar / 115 mpaka 190 psi**), mafuta otentha, kapena zoyatsira gasi ku 160 mpaka 200 madigiri Celsius (320 mpaka 392 madigiri Fahrenheit).
• Mtundu wa silinda (Return-Ribbon) Ironer: Canvas kapena Nomex maliboni odyetsera (malamba) amanyamula nsaluyo mozungulira silinda yayikulu yozungulira yachitsulo (160 mpaka 190 digiri Celsius).

Wogwiritsa ntchito akadyetsa lamba wonyowa chakutsogolo kwa lamba wonyowa, nsonga za zala zawo zimatha kugwidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa kapena kutsekeredwa pa riboni yong'ambika. Ngati chopingasa chotchinga chakutsogolo chachitetezo chala pammero wolowera chakwera kwambiri (kuposa 10 mpaka 12 millimita pamwamba pa lamba), chatsamira ndi lint, kapena chili ndi vuto la microswitch, zala za woyendetsa, dzanja, ndi mkono wake zimakokedwa molunjika mu in-running nip point--pakati pa Celsi 10 roller*-*-pakati pa Celsi 8 (356-degree-Fahrenheit) chifuwa chachitsulo **.

Chifukwa chiyani "Thermal Crush" ndi yoyipa kwambiri kuposa kungowotcha kapena kuphwanya¶

Madokotala ochita opaleshoni m'manja amagawa chitsulo cha flatwork kapena chot-press entrapment ngati ** kuvulala kophatikizana ndi kutentha kwa thupi **, chimodzi mwa zoopsa zowononga kwambiri zachipatala:

1. Kupanikizana kwa makina nthawi imodzi ndi kutengera kutentha kwakuya: Kuyaka kwanthawi zonse kapena kuyaka kwakanthawi kochepa kumakhudza mphuno yakunja yokha chifukwa munthuyo amakoka dzanja lake pakadutsa masekondi 0.2. Mkati mwa ironer kapena makina osindikizira a nthunzi, chodzigudubuza cha pneumatic chimagwirizira dzanja pansi **mazana a kilogalamu za kukakamizidwa molunjika motsutsana ndi chitsulo cha 180-degree-Celsius **. Kuthamanga kwamakina kumafinya magazi onse oteteza kutuluka pakhungu (omwe nthawi zambiri amanyamula kutentha) ndikuwongolera dzanja mpaka theka la makulidwe ake, kuchititsa kutentha koopsa kupyola pakhungu la dorsal, tendon extensor, makapisozi olowa, mafupa a metacarpal, ndi ma palmar neurovascular bundle mkati mwa 5 mpaka masekondi 15.
2. Matenda a comppartment pansi pa inelastic leather eschar: Kutentha kumapangitsa khungu la dzanja kukhala lolimba, losasunthika lachikopa (third-degree eschar), pamene kuphwanyidwa kwa makina kumayambitsa minofu yamkati ndi kutupa mkati mwa zipinda zolimba za dzanja ndi mkono. Popanda kumasulidwa mwamsanga opaleshoni (** escharotomy ndi fasciotomy **), kupanikizika kwamkati kumawononga minofu iliyonse ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha yomwe inapulumuka kutentha koyambirira.

Kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku chowotchera chotenthetsera cha flatwork (OSATI KUKOkera KUM'mbuyo)¶

Sekondi iliyonse, dzanja la wovulalayo limakhala likugwira pachifuwa kapena silinda yachitsulo chotenthetsera kutentha kwa madigiri 180, limawononga minyewa yakuya ya tendon ndi fupa. Opulumutsa akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu mu pansi pa masekondi 15 pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi:

1. Menyetsani mbali yakutsogolo yolondera zala yakutsogolo ndikudina batani lofiira la E-Stop:
2. Pazitsulo zamakono zovomerezeka (OSHA 1910.264©(3) / EN ISO 10472-5), kupunthwa koyang'anira chala chakutsogolo kapena kugunda E-Stop kumapangidwa kuti azidula mphamvu ya injini ndikutulutsa silinda ya pneumatic kotero kuti chowongolera cholemera chimakweza **5 mpaka 10 mpaka 10 centimita * kutsika pachifuwa (masentimita 4) chifuwa chotentha pansi).
3. Ngati chodzigudubuza sichidzikweza chokha, tulutsani kuthamanga kwa roller pamanja nthawi yomweyo:
4. OSAGWIRITSA NTCHITO chigongono cha wozunzidwayo ndikugwedeza mkono wawo chammbuyo pamene chodzigudubuza chikadali chotsekeredwa pamanja; mudzavula khungu lophika ndi minyewa pazala zonse.
5. Pazitsulo zokwezera mpweya: Pezani **pamanja yotulutsa mpweya / valavu yotaya ** panyumba ya silinda ya pneumatic yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa makinawo (kapena kudula/kudula machubu a pulasitiki opaka mpweya omwe amadyetsa doko lolowera pansi mutatseka valavu yayikulu) kotero chogudubuza chimakweza kapena kutulutsa kulimba mtima.
6. Pazitsulo zamakina / zodzaza ndi masika kapena denga: Gwirani chikuku cham'manja chadzidzidzi chodziwikiratu (wilo lamanja) chomwe chasungidwa m'mbali mwachitsulocho, ndikuchiyika pa shaft yonyamulira, ndikugwetsera chogudubuza/canopy KUCHOKERA pachifuwa chotenthedwa, kenako gwiritsani ntchito socket yoyendetsa kuti ** mutembenuzire chogudubuza chakumbuyo chakumbuyo**.
7. Thirani madzi oyera oyera padzanja lotsekeredwa pokhapo ngati kutulutsa kwachedwetsedwa NDIPO chitsulo chosungunula chatenthedwa ndi nthunzi (OSATI mafuta otenthetsera kapena magetsi owonekera):
8. Ngati dzanja latsekeredwa kwa masekondi oposa 30 pa chifuwa cha steam-heated pamene ogwira nawo ntchito akugwedeza chogudubuza, kuthira madzi apampopi abwino kwambiri pa dzanja lomwe latsekeredwa ndipo chogudubuza chimathandizira kuyamwa kutentha.
9. CHENJEZO: Osathira madzi pa ironner yotenthedwa ndi mafuta otentha kwambiri (kutumiza kutentha kwa madzi) ngati paipi yamafuta ikutha, ndipo kaye muzipatula mphamvu yamagetsi.

Pneumatic laundry steam press crush-burn¶

Zotsuka zamalonda ndi zochapira yunifolomu za hotelo/zachipatala zimagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a scissor-action pneumatic, makina osindikizira malaya, ndi makina osindikizira a kolala/makhafu. Mutu wopindika wachitsulo kumtunda (tole wapamwamba), wotenthedwa ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri mpaka ku 150 mpaka 180 digiri Celsius (300 mpaka 356 madigiri Fahrenheit), umagwera pamutu m'munsi woyendetsedwa ndi silinda ya mpweya woponderezedwa pa *5 mpaka 10 barani 70.70 p.

Ngakhale makina osindikizira amafunika kuti azikhala **mawongolero a mabatani a manja awiri ** (kukakamiza wogwiritsa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito manja onse pa mabatani kunja kwa malo osindikizira mpaka mutu utatseka), kuvulala kumachitika kawirikawiri:

• Wogwiritsa ntchito amanyamula ndodo, kulemera, kapena tepi kuti agwire batani limodzi pansi kuti athe kusalaza malaya ndi dzanja lawo laulere kwinaku akukanikiza batani lotsala.
• Ogwira ntchito awiri amasindikiza makina amodzi limodzi osazindikira kuti winayo akudina mabatani otseka.
• Vavu ya mpweya wa solenoid imamatira kapena kusweka kwa masika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchafu yotentha yolemera makilogalamu 50 (mapaundi 110) igwe pansi mosayembekezereka pa mkono wa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo.

Njira zopulumutsira pompopompo pokanikiza atolankhani:

1. **Dinani batani lofiira Lomasulidwa / Emergency Open ** pa chowongolera chowongolera nthawi yomweyo.
2. Ngati tonde wa kumtunda ukhala pansi pa mkono: Yang'anani pa nsanamira yakumbuyo ya makina osindikizira, tsekani ** valavu ya mpweya woponderezedwa , ndi kukokera ** mphete yotulutsa mpweya (kapena kumasula payipi yolowera pa silinda yotseka) kuti mutulutse mpweya womwe umagwira mutu.
3. Kwezani ndi kulimbikitsa tonde wakumtunda wotentha: Chifukwa tonde wam'mwamba ndi wosagwirizana ndi masika, kutulutsa mpweya wa silinda nthawi zambiri kumakupatsani mwayi wokankhira mutu wakumtunda molunjika ndi chogwirira chake; Ngati nsonga yobwererayo yathyoka, yesani chitsulo chopondera kapena matabwa 2x4 pakati pa nsonga yakumunsi ya tonde ndi nsonga yakumtunda kuti munyamule pa mkono wa wozunzidwayo nthawi yomweyo.

Thandizo loyamba la kuvulala kophatikizana kwamafuta ndi ma centrifuge zovala¶

1. Kuziziritsa pompopompo ndi chisamaliro chabala pa ma ironer a flatwork ndi mawotchi osindikizira a nthunzi¶

Dzanja kapena mkono ukamasulidwa ku ironer yotenthetsera kapena chosindikizira cha nthunzi:

1. Thirirani ndi madzi ampopi ozizira (15 mpaka 20 C / 59 mpaka 68 F) kwa mphindi 20 zonse:
2. Minofu yakuya yophwanyidwa motsutsana ndi chitsulo cha 180-degree-Celsius imasunga kutentha komwe kumapitilira kuphika minyewa ndi minyewa kwa mphindi zingapo mutachotsa. Kuthirira kwamadzi kwa mphindi 20 nthawi yomweyo kumayimitsa kutentha ndikuchepetsa edema; onani amayaka.
3. **Musagwiritse ntchito madzi oundana kapena ayezi **, zomwe zimayambitsa vasoconstriction kwambiri ndikuzama necrosis ya minofu m'dzanja lophwanyidwa.
4. Chotsani zodzikongoletsera zonse ndi mawotchi nthawi yomweyo, koma OSATI KUSULA nsalu yomatira kapena khungu loyaka:
5. Dulani nsalu iliyonse yotayirira yozungulira mkono, koma ngati nsalu yoyaka itasungunuka pakhungu lomwe latenthedwa, lisiyeni kuti liwonongeke ndikuzizira pamwamba pake.
6. Mangani momasuka ndi yopyapyala yopyapyala yopanda ndodo kapena filimu yothira ya pulasitiki yoyera, yopindika, ndi kukweza bwino pamlingo wamtima kapena pang'ono:
7. Musamangire bandeji mozungulira molimba pa dzanja lophwanyidwa ndi kutentha; kutupa kudzawonjezera kuthamanga kwa chipinda.
8. Kuyenda nthawi yomweyo kupita ku chipatala ndi ** onse a Regional Burn Center ndi Opanga Opaleshoni Yamanja **, monga opaleshoni yachangu ** escharotomy ** (kudula pakhungu lopsa kwambiri) ndi ** fasciotomy ** (kutsegula zipinda zozama za minofu) nthawi zambiri zimafunikira mkati mwa maola kuti apulumutse zala; onani kuphwanya kuwonongeka ndi compartment syndrome.

2. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa centrifuge extractor avulsion kuvulala¶

Pamene makina ochapira othamanga kwambiri agwedezeka ndikudula mkono pamphumi, m'zigongono, kapena paphewa:

1. Ikani mawonekedwe a windlass tourniquet ngati chitsa cha mwendo chatsala chitsalira: Ikani malo ochezera a windlass (monga CAT kapena SOFTT-W) masentimita 5 mpaka 7 ( mainchesi 2 mpaka 3) pamwamba pa ng'anjo yomwe ili kumtunda kwa mkono ndikupotoza chingwe cha mphepo mpaka kutuluka kwa magazi kofiira kulekeratu; onani kutuluka magazi.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito Kupakira kwa Mabala a Junctional ngati mkono wagwedezeka pazitsulo zapaphewa (axilla): Ngati chiwalo chinang'ambika pafupi kwambiri ndi phewa kuti tourniquet yozungulira ikhale yokwanira, sungani mipukutu ya hemostatic yopyapyala kapena yopyapyala yopyapyala mozama kwambiri mu chilonda cha axillary molunjika molunjika ndi manja anu ong'ambika ndi kupondaponda mozungulira thupi lanu lonse. azachipatala afika.
3. ** Bweretsani chiwalo chodulidwacho kuchokera ku ng'oma yochapira pokhapokha mphamvu itatsekedwa ndipo kusinthasintha kuli pa 0 rpm:** Tsegulani mwendo wodulidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pamapepala opotoka, kukulunga muzitsulo zosabala zomwe zimathiridwa ndi saline, ndikusindikiza mkati mwa thumba la pulasitiki lopanda madzi, ndikuyika chikwamacho pa ** 50/50 thumba la madzi oundana ndi madzi oundana ndi madzi oundana. onani kudulidwa ndi kudulidwa kusungidwa kwa miyendo.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Mukamayitanitsa chithandizo chadzidzidzi kuti muvale zovala zamalonda, tchulani ngati wovulalayo ali wakadali wotsekeredwa mkati mwa ironner/extractor (yofuna kuchotsedwa kwa Fire-Rescue extrication) ndipo tchulani momveka bwino ngati pali kuphatikiza 180-degree-Celsius kutentha kwa dzanja kapena kuzungulira kozungulira kothamanga kwambiri Mwaona manambala angozi.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kowopsa kulowa mu makina ochapira ochapira pomwe ng'oma ikungoyenda pang'onopang'ono mpaka kuyima?¶

Makina ochapira ochapira onyamula ma kilogalamu 100 mpaka 400 (mapaundi 220 mpaka 880) amasamba onyowa amakhala ngati gudumu lalikulu lachitsulo. Ngakhale injiniyo ikazimitsidwa ndipo ng'oma ikuwoneka kuti ikutsika pang'onopang'ono pa 50 mpaka 100 rpm, imanyamula zikwi za Newton-mita za torque yozungulira. Zofunda zonyowa zopindika mkati mwa ng'oma zimakhala zolimba ngati zingwe zowikira zitsulo; ngati mufika mkati kuti mutulutse pepala musanafike poyimitsa 0-rpm, nsalu yozungulira imamangiriza pa dzanja lanu ngati msampha, imadula mafupa a mkono wanu ndikudula mkono kuchokera pamphuno pamphepete mwa mphindi imodzi.

N'chifukwa chiyani opulumutsa sayenera kukokera dzanja la wogwira ntchito kumbuyo kuchokera muzitsulo za flatwork ironer?¶

Chowotcha chachitsulo chachitsulo chimamangirira nsalu yonyowa polimbana ndi 160-to-200-degree-Celsius (320-to-392-degree-Fahrenheit) chifuwa kapena silinda yachitsulo chotenthetsera pansi pa mazana a kilogalamu ya pneumatic kapena spring roller pressure. Dzanja likakokedwa pamalopo, kutentha kumaphika mwachangu ndikufooketsa khungu ndi subcutaneous fascia pomwe chogudubuza chimaphwanya mafupa. Ngati wogwira naye ntchito agwira dzanja la wovulalayo ndikubwerera chammbuyo pamene chogudubuza chikadali kutsika, nsonga yothina imakhala ngati chopalira chomwe chimachotsa khungu, minyewa, ndi minyewa yonse yowotcha pamafupa a dzanja (kuvulala koopsa kwa kutentha). Nthawi zonse mutulutse mphamvu ya pneumatic kapena mechanical roller kapena gwedezani chogudubuza M'MUKA kuchokera pachifuwa chotenthedwa kaye.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kuvulala kwa "thermal crush" kuchokera ku makina ochapira kapena makina osindikizira a nthunzi kukhala koopsa kuposa kuwotcha wamba?¶

Mukawotcha wamba, mumakoka dzanja lanu nthawi yomweyo ndipo kufalikira kwa magazi mu dermis yakuya kumathandizira kutulutsa kutentha. Pachitsulo cha flatwork ironer kapena steam press entrapment, kupanikizika kwakukulu kumakanika kufinya magazi kunja kwa minyewa ndikugwira dzanja lathyathyathya mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi chitsulo cha 180-degree-Celsius kwa masekondi ambiri, kuchititsa kutentha koopsa molunjika muminofu, minyewa, mafupa, ndi minyewa. Pambuyo pake, khungu lakunja limasanduka chikopa cholimba, cholimba kwambiri (eschar) pamene minofu yophwanyidwa mkati imakula mofulumira, kumapanga matenda aakulu omwe amadula magazi onse otsala pokhapokha ngati madokotala ochita opaleshoni amachita mwadzidzidzi escharotomy ndi fasciotomy incisions.

Kodi ndingatsegule bwanji chosindikizira cha nthunzi ya chovala cha pneumatic ngati mphamvu yalephera kapena batani lotulutsa silikukweza mutu wakumtunda wotentha?¶

Makina ochapira a chibayo ndi makina ochapira owuma amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya woponderezedwa (5 mpaka 7 bar / 70 mpaka 100 psi) mkati mwa silinda yakumbuyo kukankhira tonde wotentha kumtunda motsutsana ndi akasupe olemetsa. Ngati mabatani otulutsa magetsi akulephera kutsegula makina osindikizira pamene dzanja la wogwira ntchito likupachika, pitani mwamsanga pamzere wa mpweya woponderezedwa kumbuyo kapena kumbali ya makina osindikizira, kutseka valavu yotulutsa mpweya, ndipo kukoka mphete yotulutsa mpweya yotulutsa mpweya (kapena kumasula / kudula chubu cha pulasitiki cha mpweya pa silinda). Mpweya woponderezedwa ukatuluka mu silinda, akasupe otsutsana amakulolani kukweza mutu wamoto wotentha kapena kuutsegula ndi matabwa.

Kodi ndiike ayezi padzanja lomwe latenthedwa ndi kuphwanyidwa mu chochapira chotenthetsera?¶

Ayi, musaike madzi oundana kapena madzi ozizira pa dzanja lopsa ndi lophwanyidwa. Pamene muyenera kuziziritsa dzanja nthawi yomweyo pansi pa madzi ozizira othamanga (madigiri 15 mpaka 20 Celsius / 59 mpaka 68 madigiri Fahrenheit) kwa mphindi 20 kuti muyimitse kutentha kobisika kuchokera kuphika minofu yakuya, kugwiritsa ntchito ayezi kumayambitsa kutsekeka kwambiri kwa mitsempha yamagazi (vasospasm). M'dzanja lomwe mitsempha yamagazi yawonongeka kale ndi kuphwanyidwa kwa makina ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, vasoconstriction yopangidwa ndi ayezi imapha minofu yomwe yatsala m'malire ndikupangitsa kutayika kwa zala.

*Bukhuli limapereka njira zopulumutsira makina ochapira m'mafakitale, kutsekera, kutsekereza, ndi njira zothandizira zoyambira kutenthedwa ndi kutentha ndipo sizilowa m'malo mwa maphunziro ovomerezeka ovomerezeka kapena chithandizo chamankhwala cha akatswiri. Ganizirani kupeza chithandizo choyamba chapantchito, chisamaliro chamoto, ndi njira yoletsa kutuluka kwa magazi kudzera ku Red Cross, St John Ambulance, kapena bungwe lanu lachitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Chodulira nyama chamalonda, chosakanizira mtanda, ndi kutsekera kwa makina odyera
• Compactor zinyalala, baler, conveyor lamba, ndi mafakitale press Lockout kupulumutsa
• Kudulidwa ndi kudulidwa kusungidwa kwa miyendo
• Crush injury and compartment syndrome
• Kuwotcha

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): 29 CFR 1910.264 Laundry Machinery and Operations ndi 29 CFR 1910.147 Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)
• International Organisation for Standardization & CEN: EN ISO 10472-1 mpaka 10472-6 Zofunikira Zachitetezo Pamakina Ochapira Mafakitale (Makina Ochapira, Zotulutsa, Zoyimbira Zoyala, ndi Zosindikiza)
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Safety in Laundries and Dry Cleaning (Malangizo pa Centrifugal Extractors, Calendar, and Garment Presses)
• Bungwe la American National Standards Institute (ANSI): ANSI/TCATA Z8.1 Zofunikira pa Chitetezo pa Zochapa ndi Zowumitsa Zopangira Malonda
• American Burn Association (ABA) & American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH): Clinical Management of Combined Thermal-Crush Injuries of the Upper Extremity (Hot Press Injuries)