Ball Lightning ndi St. Elmo's Fire Corona Discharge on Mountain Ridges, Boat Masts, and Aircraft Windshields: Immediate Drop Protocol¶

Pamene mtambo wa mkuntho wa cumulonimbus wamagetsi kapena chipale chofewa chachisanu chikudutsa pamwamba, kusiyana kwa electrostatic pakati pa mtambo ndi pansi kumatha kupitirira 30 miliyoni mpaka 100 miliyoni volts. Pansi pa malo opangira magetsiwo, magetsi abwino kapena oyipa amathamangira m'mwamba kwambiri, zinthu zakuthwa kwambiri pamtunda kapena m'madzi: mapiri a mapiri, mitu ya okwera, mitengo ya carbon-fiber kapena aluminiyamu, nkhwangwa za ayezi, ma carabiners okwera miyala, ma masthead a ngalawa, ndi ma windshiel a ndege. Pamene mphamvu ya magetsi akumaloko pansonga ya chinthu choloza imaposa mpweya wowonongeka wa dielectric (roughly 30,000 volts per centimeter M'mphepete mwa nyanja, ngakhalenso kutsika mumpweya wochepa kwambiri wamapiri otalikirapo), mamolekyu amlengalenga amatuluka mosalekeza, kozizira-kutulutsa kowala kozizira kotchedwa ** St. Elmo's Fire (corona yotulutsa mfundo). Panthawi yomweyi, oyenda pamadzi kapena oyendetsa ngalawa amatha kumva phokoso lochititsa mantha ngati njuchi, kulira, kapena kukuwotcha nyama yankhumba kubwera kuchokera kumitengo yawo, nkhwangwa za ayezi, mafelemu achitsulo, kapena zomangira, kumva kunjenjemera m'mutu ndi m'zala zawo, kununkhiza kwa ozoni**, ndi kuima molunjika* kapena kuona anzawo* molunjika. Pamtunda wa mapiri, malo otseguka, kapena bwato, zida zoyimbira, Moto wa St. Elmo, kapena tsitsi loyandama ndi chenjezo lanthawi yomweyo kuyambira 3 mpaka 15-masekondi kuti kamtsinje kolowera m'mwamba ukuyamba kuchokera komwe muli kukakumana ndi mtsogoleri wotsika mphezi. Ngati inu kapena wina aliyense m'gulu lanu akukumana ndi tsitsi loyandama, zitsulo zonyezimira kapena zida za kaboni, kapena kuwala kwa blue-violet corona, perekani ndondomeko yotsitsa ndikutsika nthawi yomweyo, ndipo ngati wina wagundidwa, imbani foni kwanuko. manambala angozi ndikuyamba kutsitsimula nthawi yomweyo. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za chisamaliro chamkuntho ndi magetsi, funsani abale athu omwe akuwongolera mphezi za mpira, moto wa St. Elmo, ndi kugunda kwapansi komwe kwayandikira (tsitsi likuimirira), mabingu ndi mphezi, kugwedezeka kwamagetsi,ndi CPR ndi AED ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pa corona yotulutsa malo osasunthika, mabingu amphamvu nthawi zina amatulutsa ** mphezi zampira **, mawonekedwe osowa, oyandama, odzipangira okha owoneka bwino a plasma (typically 10 to 40 centimeters / 4 to 16 inches m’mimba mwake) zomwe zimapitirira kwa masekondi 1 mpaka 10, zimayenda mopingasa ndi mafunde a mpweya kapena ma kondakitala amagetsi, ndipo zimatha kulowa m’nyumba, m’nyumba za m’mapiri, kapena m’nyumba zandege molunjika kudzera m’mawindo otsekedwa agalasi, m’chumuni, zitseko zotseguka, kapena mawaya a m’nyumba zisanawonongeke kaya mwakachetechete kapena ndi kuphulika koopsa. Kudziwa zenizeni za sayansi komanso zochitika zanthawi yomweyo za Moto wa St. Elmo ndi mphezi ya mpira kumateteza kugunda kwapansi, kugunda kwamtima, komanso ngozi zovulala zambiri.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Chotsani nkhwangwa zonse, nkhwangwa za ayezi, ndodo zophera nsomba, maambulera, mfuti, ndi mapaketi opangidwa ndi zitsulo NTHAWI YOMWEYO ndipo yendani kutali ndi mapikowo, pafupifupi mamita 10 mpaka 20. Ngati zida zanu ziyamba kulira, kung'ung'uza, kunjenjemera, kapena kung'anima ndi nsonga zabuluu kapena nsonga zabuluu. pang'onopang'ono. Tulutsani manja anu pazingwe, ponyani mitengoyo kapena nkhwangwa ya ayezi pansi, ndipo thamangani kuchoka pamalo okwera nthawi yomweyo. Zonse za aluminiyamu ndi ** carbon-fiber ** mitengo yoyenda ndi ndodo zophera nsomba ndi ndodo zoyendera kwambiri.
2. Sinthani pansi kuchokera pamwamba, pamzere wotsetsereka, pamwamba pamiyala, kapena mtunda wotseguka kulowera kumunsi, malo afulati kwa masekondi 5 mpaka 10 ngati kutsika kotetezeka kuli patali kwambiri. Mita iliyonse yowonekera moyima pamwamba pa mtunda wozungulira imakhazikika kwambiri pamalo omwe ali ndi electrostatic yapafupi. Tsikirani mamita 30 mpaka 50 (mamita 100 mpaka 165) pansi pa tsinde la phirilo (kupewa mitsinje yonyowa, mapanga osaya, ndi mitengo italiitali) kuti muwononge kulumikizana kwa mitsinje yokwera.
3. Ngati mwatsekeredwa paphiri lathyathyathya kapena malo otseguka opanda paliponse pomwe mungathe kuthamanga ndipo tsitsi lanu likuyimirira molunjika, lingalirani "Mphezi Yowala" pa thovu lotsekeredwa kapena chingwe nthawi yomweyo. OSATI** kugona pansi (kugona pansi kumawonjezera kupha pansi-panopa mphamvu yamagetsi pamtima pako ngati mphezi ikugunda pafupi). M'malo mwake, ponyani chithovu chowuma chogona, chingwe chachitsulo, kapena paketi yopanda pake pansi, ** squat pansi pa mipira ya mapazi anu ndi zidendene zanu zoponderezedwa palimodzi **, kukulunga manja anu pa mawondo anu, tsitsani mutu wanu pansi, ndi kuphimba makutu anu ndi manja anu kuti muteteze makutu anu ku acoustic shockwave.
4. *Falitsani gulu lanu nthawi yomweyo kuti munthu aliyense akhale motalikirana ndi 20 mpaka 30 metres (mamita 65 mpaka 100). Madzi apansi panthaka amayenda mozungulira m'mphete zolunjika kwa mtunda wa 15 mpaka 30 metres kuchokera pomwe panagunda. Ngati anthu anayi oyenda m'mapiri asonkhana pamodzi pamtunda, mphezi ikawomba kamodzi kokha imatha kugwetsa anthu anayi onse panthawi imodzi ndi kupuma movutikira ndipo palibe amene akudziwa kuti achite CPR. Kufalikira kwa mtunda wa 20 mpaka 30 mita motalikirana kumatsimikizira kuti opulumuka amakhalabe osavulala ndipo amatha kuukitsa aliyense amene wamenyedwa.
5. Ngati mphezi yonyezimira ya Mpira ikalowa mchipinda, kanyumba, kapena hema, iundani pamalo ake kapena yenda pang'onopang'ono kumbuyo; MUSAMAGWIRITSE, KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO, kapena kukhudza mapaipi achitsulo, mawaya, kapena mafelemu a zenera. Kuwala kwa mphezi nthawi zambiri kumatsatira ma kondakitala wamagetsi kwa masekondi awiri kapena asanu isanazimitse kapena kuphulika. Khalani kutali ndi poyatsira moto, machumuni, matelefoni okhala ndi zingwe, mipope ya mipope, ndi polumikizira magetsi, ndipo yang'anani nthawi yomweyo ngati makatani akuyaka kapena moto wapakhoma pomwe bwalo lizimiririka.
6. Ngati wina wagwidwa ndi mphezi, imbani foni pa nambala yanu yadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo ndikuyambitsa CPR kapena kupuma nthawi yomweyo (wovulala ndi mphezi anyamula ZERO residual electrical charge). Imbani 911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom, 000 ku Australia, kapena fufuzani. manambala angozi. Ndizotetezeka kukhudza munthu wovulala ndi mphezi nthawi yomweyo kung'anima kwatha. Pakawomba mphezi zambiri, gwiritsani ntchito Reverse Triage: chitani CPR nthawi yomweyo ndikupulumutsa kupuma kwa ovulala omwe akuwoneka kuti afa (opanda mphamvu komanso apneic), chifukwa mphezi imayambitsa kukomoka kwamtima komanso kupumira kwa medullary komwe nthawi zambiri kumachira ngati ali ndi mpweya kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 15.

Atmospheric Plasma Physics: Momwe Moto wa St. Elmo's, Upward Streamers, and Steped Leaders Amagwirira Ntchito¶

Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chomwe Moto wa St. Elmo's Fire and buzzing gear umachitika masekondi angapo kumenyedwa kusanachitike, ndi chifukwa chake amachitira mosiyana pa nsonga ya phiri, mlongoti wa ngalawa, ndi choyang'ana kutsogolo kwa ndege, yang'anani makina a electrostatic a cell storm:

====================================================================================
       ELECTROSTATIC FIELD & CORONA DISCHARGE BEFORE A CLOUD-TO-GROUND STRIKE
====================================================================================

   [ CUMULONIMBUS CLOUD BASE: -30,000,000 to -100,000,000 Volts (Negative) ]
                  |                                      |
                  v  (Stepped Leader descends in         v
                      50-meter jumps every 50 microseconds)
                                     |
                                     v
                        * * * [ 30 to 100 m above ground ] * * *
                                     ^
                                     |  <-- UPWARD CONNECTING STREAMER launches
                                     |      from sharpest highest point
          ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~|~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
         (Blue-Violet Corona Glow /  |  "Bee Buzzing" / Ozone Smell)
         (St. Elmo's Fire Tufts)     |  (Hair Standing Straight Up)
                                    /|\
                                   / | \  <-- Hiker with Carbon/Metal Poles
          ________________________/__|__\________________________
         /                                                       \
        /    EXPOSED MOUNTAIN RIDGE / SUMMIT / BOAT MASTHEAD      \
       /     +++ Positive Ground Charge Crowds Into High Point +++ \
====================================================================================

1. Corona wa Point-Discharge (Moto wa St. Elmo)¶

Amatchulidwa ndi amalinyero a ku Mediterranean pambuyo pa St. Erasmus wa Formia (St. Elmo, woyera woyang'anira apanyanja), ** St. Elmo's Fire** ndi plasma** yotuluka mosalekeza, osati lawi lotentha, lomwe limapanga mozungulira zowongolera zamagetsi zakuthwa kapena zosongoka pomwe malo amagetsi ozungulira akudutsa pafupifupi. 100 to 300 kilovolts per meter (1,000 to 3,000 volts per centimeter gawo lozungulira, lokwezedwa 10 mpaka 100 pansonga yakuthwa kulowa 30,000 V/cm kuwonongeka kwa mpweya). - Chifukwa Chimene Imawala Bulu-Violet: Ma elekitironi aulere omwe amafulumizitsidwa ndi gawo lalikulu lamagetsi amawombana ndi diatomic nitrogen (N2ndi oxygen (O2) mamolekyu mumlengalenga, akugwetsa ma elekitironi ndikusangalatsa mamolekyu a gasi kupita kumayiko apamwamba kwambiri. Mamolekyu a nayitrogeni okondwawo akabwerera pansi, amatulutsa ma photon mu ultraviolet, violet, ndi blue wavelengths (337 to 428 nanometers), kupanga tuft yowala, yovina yabuluu-violet kapena burashi la kuwala (brush discharge) kunsonga kwa mitunda ya mlongoti, mphezi, nkhwangwa za ayezi, mizati yoyendamo, ndi machubu a pitot. - Chifukwa Chimene Imamveka Ngati Njuchi Zokwiya Ndikununkhiza Ngati Bleach/Clorox: Kugunda kulikonse kwa micro-corona kumatenthetsa kanjira kakang'ono ka mpweya kambirimbiri pa sekondi imodzi, kumapanga kumveka kuomba, kung'ung'udza, kapena kung'ung'udza ** (like frying bacon or a swarm of angry bees). Nthawi yomweyo, ma elekitironi amphamvu kwambiri amagawanika O2 mamolekyu kukhala atomiki oxygen (O), zomwe zimagwirizana ndi O2 kupanga ** triatomic ozone (O3) ndi nitrogen oxides (NOx), kupanga fungo lakuthwa, lachitsulo, ngati klorini musanamenye.

2. Chifukwa chiyani St. Elmo's Fire on an Aircraft Windshield imasiyana ndi St. Elmo's Fire on a Mountain Ridge¶

• Pa Airliner Windshield (Friction Tribocharging within a Faraday Cage): Ndege yamalonda ikawuluka pakati pa madzi oundana owuma, matalala, kapena phulusa lamoto mkati mwa mitambo, kukangana kothamanga kwambiri kumatulutsa ma elekitironi kuchokera ku tinthu ting'onoting'ono (triboelectric charging) ndi magalasi otetezedwa ndi mphepo. Maboliti ang'onoang'ono a kangaude amachotsa ukonde wa kangaude mopanda vuto lililonse pa mawotchi akunja akutsogolo pomwe aluminiyamu kapena kaboni-mesh fuselage imakhala ngati yomata Faraday khola ndi zotulutsa zingwe m'mphepete mwa mapiko amawukhiranso mpweya mumlengalenga.
• Pa Mountain Ridge kapena Open Boat Deck (Lethal Imminent Leader Connection): Mukayimirira pansi kapena pamtunda wosasunthika ndikuwona Moto wa St. Elmo kapena kumva mitengo ikuluikulu, ** simuli mkati mwa khola la Faraday **. Ndinu ma elekitirodi akuthwa omwe akutuluka mumkuntho wamagetsi. Kamodzi kutsika mtsogoleri woponderezedwa amatsika mkati mwa 30 mpaka 100 metres (100 mpaka 330 mapazi) kuchokera pamphepete, korona yotulutsa mfundo yomwe ili pamutu panu kapena nsonga yamitengo imasintha kukhala yotentha, yochititsa ** mtsogoleri wolumikizira mmwamba **. Nthawi yomweyo mtsogoleri wopita mmwba akhua mtsogoleri wotsikayo, kubweza kwa 30,000 to 200,000 amperes ku 27,000 degrees Celsius (50,000 degrees Fahrenheit) imaphulika kudzera mu tchanelo mu ma microseconds osakwana 100.

Kufananiza Table: St. Elmo's Fire vs. Ball Lightning vs. Stepped Leader / Return Stroke¶

Domain-Specific Survival Protocols: Mountain Ridges, Sailboat, Ndege, ndi Indoors¶

1. Mapiri a Alpine Mountain Ridges, Via Ferrata, ndi Rock Climbing¶

Tsitsi lanu likakwera kapena mitengo yanu, nkhwangwa ya ayezi, kapena kukwera nsonga pa nsonga kapena mtunda: 1. Tayani Zida Zoyendetsa Nthawi Yomweyo: Chotsani aluminiyamu ndi carbon-fiber mitengo yoyenda, nkhwangwa za ayezi, ma crampons, ma avalanche probe, ma tripod, ndi mapaketi achitsulo. Chotsani osachepera 10 mpaka 20 mita (33 mpaka 65 mapazi) kutali ndi mulu wogwetsedwa. (Osasiya chipolopolo chanu chamvula kapena jekete yotsekereza mkati mwa paketi yogwetsedwa; sungani jekete lanu lopanda madzi kuti musadwale ndi hypothermia panthawi yamkuntho mutasiya paketi yanu.) 2. Via Ferrata Steel Cables: Chitsulo kudzera ferrata chingwe chachitetezo chowongoleredwa pamwamba pa nsonga ya phiri ndi chowongolera chiphaliwali chamakilomita ambiri. Ngati kukhetsa kwa corona kuyambika ndikukanikizidwa mu kudzera pa ferrata, tsitsani chingwe chachitsulo **pokhapokha ngati muli panjira yotakata, yathyathyathya, yotetezedwa pomwe simungagwere mpaka kufa **, sunthani osachepera 2 metres kuchokera pa chingwe ndi rock nkhope, ndikugwadira paketi yanu. Ngati muli pamtunda woyima pomwe kutsika kumatanthauza kugwa koopsa, dzimangani mwachidule ndi chingwe chowuma cha nayiloni/kernmantle (osati lanyard yonyowa yachitsulo) ku nangula wa mwala umodzi kutali ndi chingwe chachikulu chachitsulo ngati nkotheka. 3. Pangani mphezi ya Insulated Crouch: - Ikani chotchinga chotchinga cha tho logona , chikwama chopindika chopanda furemu, kapena **chine chowumira cha nayiloni chowuma ** pansi kuti mupange chotchingira cha dielectric pakati pa mapazi anu ndi mwala wonyowa. - **Siwani pamipira ya mapazi anu ** ndi **zidendene zanu zikugwirana mwamphamvu palimodzi **. - Musakhudze pansi ndi manja anu (malo anayi olumikizana amapanga mlatho wamagetsi pachifuwa). - Tsekani maso ndi kukanikiza manja anu m'makutu mwanu kuti mupewe kuphulika kwa membrane wa tympanic ndi khungu lowala.

==============================================================================
               THE BACKCOUNTRY INSULATED LIGHTNING CROUCH
==============================================================================

                    (3) Cover ears with palms & close eyes
                        (protects eardrums & retinas)
                             _.-""""-._
                            /  _    _  \
                            | (o)  (o) |
                     _..---.\    __    /.---.._
                   .'        `-.____.-'        `.
                  /   /                      \   \
                 |   |   (4) Elbows on knees  |   |
                  \   \____              ____/   /
                   `.______`-..______..-'______.'
                         |      |  |      |
                         |      |  |      |
                         |______|  |______|
                          (    )    (    )
                         /  /\  \  /  /\  \
                        (__/  \__)(__/  \__)
                                 ||
                 (2) Balance on balls of feet with
                     HEELS PRESSED FIRMLY TOGETHER
                     (shunts ground current foot-to-foot)
           ==============================================
           [  (1) Dry Foam Pad / Coiled Rope / Pack     ]
           ==============================================
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Wet Ground / Rock ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
==============================================================================

2. Maboti, Zombo Zosodza, ndi Mabwato Otsegula Pamadzi¶

Pamadzi otseguka, mlongoti wa bwato lanu, zowombera nsomba, kapena mutu wanu ndizomwe zimawonekera pamtunda wamakilomita ozungulira. Mlongoti ukawala ndi Moto wa St. Elmo, tinyanga ta VHF zimalira, kapena mizere yophera nsomba imanjenjemera ndi kuyandama m'mwamba: 1. Ghwetsani Ndodo Zosodza za Carbon-Fiber ndi Fiberglass Nthawi Yomweyo: Ndodo zophera nsomba za Carbon-fiber (graphite) ndi mizere yonyowa ya monofilament yolenjeketsedwa mumpweya imakhala ngati zowongolera mphezi m'manja mwa osodza. Ikani ndodo zonse pansi pachipinda chochezera kapena kanyumba. 2. Pitani Pansi pa Sitimayo kulowa Pakatikati pa Kabati (Ngati Boti Lili Ndi Kanyumba): - Osasiyaniratu ndi mlongoti woponderezedwa (womwe umadutsa pakati pa bwato la ngalawa kupita ku keel ndikunyamula zonse. 30,000 to 100,000 A mphezi molunjika kupyola mkati mwa kanyumba). - Musakhudze nsalu zachitsulo, Forestay, backstay, boom, chiwongolero, zitsulo zachitsulo, maikolofoni ya wailesi ya VHF, kapena zomangira zapamadzi. - Khalani kapena kugona pakati pa matabwa owuma kapena magalasi a fiberglass kutali ndi mawaya ndi matanki achitsulo. 3. Ngati Wagwidwa mu Open Center-Console kapena Aluminium Skiff Popanda Kanyumba: - Tsitsani pamwamba pa bimini kapena chimango chosinthika ngati nthawi ilola, tsitsani ** motsika momwe mungathere pakati pa bwato ** (kugwada pa jekete yowuma yoponyamo khushoni kapena chivindikiro chozizira cha fiberglass m'malo moyimirira m'madzi amadzi), sungani manja ndi miyendo yanu mkati mwa zida zamfuti, ndipo ** osatsata dzanja kapena phazi m'madzi **. - Yang'anani Chiwombankhanga Pambuyo pa Kumenyetsa Kulikonse: Kuwomba kwa mphezi mwachindunji kutuluka kudzera mu bwato la fiberglass kapena nsonga ya bronze thru-hull nthawi zambiri imakhomerera mapini oyaka kapena kuphulitsa mipope ya rabala yomwe ili pansi pa mtsinje, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azimira; yang'anani ma thru-hull ndi mapampu a bilge mutangotha ​​kung'anima.

3. Indoor Ball Lightning Intrusion Protocol¶

Zomwe zachitika mwasayansi (kuphatikiza zojambulira zothamanga kwambiri zotsimikizira mizere ya nthunzi ya silicon, chitsulo, ndi kashiamu pambali pa mpweya wa ionized) zikuwonetsa kuti mphezi yampira nthawi zambiri imapanga mkati mwa mamilliseconds a mphezi yapafupi ndi mitambo ndipo imatha kulowa mnyumba kudzera njira zitatu: 1. Kupyolera mu Mawindo Otsegula, Zitseko, kapena Machumu: Mafunde amphepo amakokera chozungulira chowala kuti chitsike ndi chumuni kapena pawindo lowonekera pakati pa chipinda. 2. Kupyolera mu Mawindo Agalasi Otsekedwa: Magetsi amagetsi othamanga kwambiri kuchokera ku njira yakunja ya mphezi amatha kudutsa pagalasi la dielectric kuti apangenso mpweya mkati mwa pane kapena kusungunula bowo la 3 mpaka 10 centimita molunjika pagalasi. 3. Kuchokera pa Magetsi, Ma Radiators, kapena Matelefoni Okhala ndi Zingwe: Kuthamanga koyenda modutsa mphamvu zam'mwamba kapena mizere ya telefoni kumatha kutulutsa mpira wonyezimira wa plasma molunjika pa soketi ya khoma kapena switchboard. - Zochitika Nthawi yomweyo Mphenzi ya Mpira Ikawonekera Mnyumba: - OSATI thamangani mchipindacho (kuthamanga kumapangitsa kuti thupi lanu likhale lolimba kwambiri lomwe lingakokere gawo loyandama la plasma kwa inu). - Imani mwakachetechete kapena m'mbuyo pang'onopang'ono kulowera kolowera mkati kutali ndi mazenera, zoyatsira moto, zida, ndi mapaipi achitsulo. - Dikirani masekondi 5 mpaka 15 kuti chiwole: Chigawocho chikawola (mwina chizimiririka mwakachetechete kapena kuphulika ndi phokoso lamphamvu kwambiri), yang'anani nthawi yomweyo njira yomwe idadutsa padenga lofuka, mabokosi osungunuka, kapena makatani oyaka, ndipo yang'anani aliyense woyimilira ngati akuwotcha kapena kuvulala kwa acoustic.

Mtengo Wosankha Zadzidzidzi¶

flowchart TD
    A["Zindikirani tsitsi lomwe likuyandama, zida zogoba, fungo la ozoni, kapena kuwala kwamoto wa St. Elmo's Fire"] --> B{"Kodi panopa muli kuti?"}
    B -- "Exposed Mountain Ridge / Trail / Field" --> C["CHENJEZO CHENJEZO 3-KUPITA-15-CHIWIRI CHENJEZO:: 1. Gwetsani mitengo yonse, nkhwangwa za ayezi, ndi mapaketi achitsulo nthawi yomweyo: 2. Sunthani 10 mpaka 20 m kutali ndi zitsulo zotayidwa kapena zida za kaboni: 3. Balitsani gulu lotalikirana ndi 20 mpaka 30 m"]
    C --> D{"Kodi mutha kuthamanga 30-50m pansi kuchokera pamphiri mumasekondi 5-10?"}
    D -- "INDE" --> E["Pitani kumtunda kutali ndi mitengo yokhayokha ndi mitsinje yonyowa,: kenako gwerani mu Insulated Lightning Crouch."]
    D -- "AYI: Malo athyathyathya kapena osakhalitsa" --> F["Gwirani NTHAWI YOMWEYO mu Insulated mphezi Crouch :: Squat pa pad youma kapena chingwe, mipira ya mapazi, zidendene PAMODZI,: manja pa makutu, maso otseka, OSAgona lathyathyathya."]
    B -- "Pa Boti / Madzi Otsegula" --> G["1. Ponyani ndodo zonse zophera nsomba pansanja nthawi yomweyo: 2. Pitani pansi kutali ndi mlongoti wa mlongoti ndi nsalu zotchinga: 3. Pa boti lotseguka: khalani pansi pa khushoni youma pakati, osalowa manja m'madzi."]
    B -- "M'nyumba: Mpira Wowala Mphezi Yamphezi Ilowa" --> H["1. Imani kapena yendani pang'onopang'ono chammbuyo (OSATI kuthamanga ndi kupanga mpweya wodzutsa): 2. Osakhudza malo ozungulira, mapaipi achitsulo, mawaya, kapena mafelemu a zenera: 3. Mukawola/kuphulika, yang'anani malo otuluka ndi makoma a magetsi."]
    E --> I{"Kodi pali wina amene anawombedwa ndi mphezi?"}
    F --> I
    G --> I
    H --> I
    I -- "INDE: Munthu anakomoka" --> J["Otetezeka KUTI MWAKHUDZA MWAMODZI (Zotsalira za Zero pathupi):: * Gwiritsani ntchito REVERSE TRIAGE: Yambani CPR / kupulumutsa kupuma kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi vuto loyamba: * Imbani 911 / 112 / 999 kapena kuyambitsa satellite beacon ya SOS: * Yang'anirani keraunoparalysis (yakanthawi ya buluu / manambala"]
    I -- "AYI: Menye yagunda pafupi" --> K["Dikirani mphindi 30 pambuyo pa bingu lomaliza musanatenge zida zomwe zatsitsidwa"]

Thandizo Loyamba la Zamankhwala Pambuyo pa Strike: Reverse Triage ndi Keraunoparalysis¶

Ngati mphezi igunda gulu lanu ngakhale mukuzemba, kupulumuka kwakutali kumadalira kumvetsetsa zochitika ziwiri zapadera zakuvulala kwa mphezi:

1. Reverse Triage (Chitani "Akufa" Poyamba)¶

M'zochitika zachilendo (monga ngozi ya basi), opulumutsa amayang'ana odwala omwe akupuma ndi kubuula pamene akudutsa ozunzidwa omwe alibe kugunda komanso kupuma. Pakugunda mphezi, lamuloli lisinthidwa: - Ozunzidwa omwe akukuwa, akubuula, kapena kusuntha pambuyo pa kugunda kwa mphezi ali kale ndi mtima wogunda ndikugwira ntchito yoyendetsa kupuma; iwo pafupifupi adzapulumuka mphindi yomweyo popanda kuchitapo kanthu. - Ozunzidwa omwe amangokhala chete, osasunthika, apneic, ndi pulseless avutika ** primary magetsi kumangidwa kwa mtima wamtima (asystole kapena ventricular fibrillation) ** yophatikizidwa ndi **kupuwala kwa nthawi yaitali kwa medullary kupuma pakati pa ubongo **. - Chifukwa chakuti pacemaker yachilengedwe ya mtima (node ​​ya sinoatrial) nthawi zambiri imayambiranso pakadutsa mphindi 1 mpaka 2 pambuyo pa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa mphezi ya DC, wovulalayo nthawi zambiri amamwalira ndi hypoxia yachiwiri (kulephera kupuma) chifukwa chakuti chiwalo chake chopuwala sichinayambenso kupuma. - Zochita: Nthawi yomweyo thamangirani kwa wovulalayo wopanda mphamvu / wosapumira, yambani CPyapamwamba kwambiri (30 kukakamiza pachifuwa ku 2 kupulumutsira mpweya pa 100 mpaka 120 kuponderezedwa pamphindi) ** kapena kupuma kosalekeza kopulumutsira ngati kugunda kumabwerera pomwe kupuma kulibe, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito AED mukangopezeka.

2. Keraunoparalysis (Charcot's Temporary Lightning Paralysis)¶

Mpaka 70 peresenti ya opulumuka kupha mphezi amakumana ndi ** keraunoparalysis **: atangomenyedwa, mwendo umodzi kapena mikono yonse (kapena mikono) imapuwala kwathunthu, dzanzi, kuzizira kwa ayezi, zoyera zabuluu, komanso zopanda mphamvu ** chifukwa cha chifundo chachikulu cha catecholamine spasm ndi intensel arterial vaso. - OSATI kulakwitsa keraunoparalysis chifukwa choduka msana kapena chiwalo chakufa: Ngakhale kuti kutsekedwa kwa msana kuyenerabe kusungidwa ngati wogwidwayo ataponyedwa pamiyala ndi kugwedezeka kwa minofu, keraunoparalysis ndi kupweteka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ubongo komwe **kumadzimadzimadzimadzi mkati mwa 1 mpaka maola a 12 **, kubwezeretsa kumveka, kutentha, ndi kuyenda.

Nambala Zadzidzidzi Zachigawo ndi Ma Protocol a Alpine / Marine Rescue¶

• United States ndi Canada: Imbani 911 (kapena yambitsani Garmin inReach / SPOT / Apple Emergency SOS kudzera pa Satellite beacon kumbuyo). Pamadzi am'nyanja, matalala U.S. kapena Canadian Coast Guard pa VHF Channel 16 (156.8 MHz) ndi "MAYDAY" kuitana.
• United Kingdom: Imbani 999 kapena 112 ndikufunsa "Apolisi, kenako Mountain Rescue" kapena "Coastguard" panyanja.
• Maiko a European Union & Alpine: Imbani 112. Manambala opulumutsidwa a helikopita odzipereka akuphatikizapo ** 1414 ** (Switzerland REGA), ** 140 ** (Austria Bergrettung), ndi ** 118 / 112 ** (Italy CNSAS).
• Australia ndi New Zealand: Imbani 000 (Australia) kapena 111 (New Zealand), kapena yambitsani 406 MHz PLB / EPIRB.
• Asia: Imbani 119 (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan), 110 / 120 (China), 999 (Malaysia, Hong Kong), kapena 112 (India), kapena funsani manambala angozi.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi mumakhala ndi masekondi angati pakati pa tsitsi lanu litayimirira (kapena mitengo yoyenda ikulira) ndi kugunda kwenikweni kwa mphezi?¶

Zimene akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo komanso anthu okwera mapiri aona za m'mlengalenga zimasonyeza kuti tsitsi likangoimirira, nkhwangwa zimayamba kulira ngati njuchi, kapena kuti Moto wa St. Elmo's wa blue-violet umawala ndi nsonga za zida, kugunda kwa mphezi nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakadutsa masekondi 3 mpaka 15. Mulibe nthawi yonyamula chikwama chanu kapena kujambula chithunzi. Ponyani zida zonse zachitsulo ndi mpweya wa carbon-fiber pomwepo, thamangani mamita 10 mpaka 20 kuchokera pa giya yogwetsedwa (komanso kuchoka pamphepete mwa mtsinje ngati kutsika kotetezeka kuli patali), ndipo ponyani pomwepo mumpanda wotchingidwa ndi mphezi mutakanikiza zidendene zanu.

Kodi mitengo ya carbon-fiber trekking, ndodo zophera nsomba, ndi mitengo yamahema ndi zotetezeka pakagwa mvula yamkuntho, kapena amayendetsa magetsi ngati aluminiyamu?¶

Mpweya wa carbon ( graphite composite ) ndi kondakitala wamphamvu wamagetsi, osati insulator. Kugwira ndodo ya carbon-fiber trekking pole, ndodo yophera nsomba, kapena ambulera pamwamba pa phiri kapena bwato la ngalawa panthawi ya mphepo yamkuntho ndi koopsa mofanana ndi kukhala ndi aluminiyamu yopanda kanthu kapena ndodo yachitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, mphezi ikagunda zida za carbon-fiber, utomoni wa utomoniwo umatentha kwambiri ndikusanduka nthunzi nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shaft ya carbon-fiber iphulike kukhala masauzande ambiri a malezala akuthwa. Nthawi zonse ponyani mitengo ya aluminiyamu ndi kaboni-fiber pa mtunda wa 10 mpaka 20 metres pakatuluka corona kapena kutseka kwa mphezi.

N'chifukwa chiyani kugona pansi pa mphepo yamkuntho kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kugwada ndi zidendene zanu pamodzi?¶

Mphenzi ikawomba paphiri, dambo, kapena mtengo, ma amperes masauzande ambiri amatulukira kunja kupyola pamwamba pa dothi ndi thanthwe lonyowa kwa mamita 15 mpaka 30 mbali iliyonse, kumapanga kutsetsereka kwa magetsi otsetsereka ("masitepe") kudutsa pansi. Ngati mugona cham'mimba kapena chagada, thupi lanu limatambasula pafupifupi mamita awiri (6 mapazi) kuchokera pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chifuwa chanu ndi mapazi anu komwe kumayendetsa magetsi akupha kupyola mu mtima mwanu. Kugwada pansi pamipira ya kumapazi anu ndi kukanikizira zidendene zanu molimba kumachepetsa kukhudzana kwapansi mpaka pang'ono ndipo kumatchinga mphamvu kuchokera ku bondo kupita kumapazi popanda kudutsa mtima wanu.

Kodi ndizowona kuti nsapato zoyendera mphira kapena nsapato zothamanga zimakutetezani ku mphezi?¶

Ayi, imeneyo ndi nthano yoopsa. Mphenzi imene yadumpha ma kilomita 3 mpaka 10 (makilomita 2 mpaka 6) ya mpweya wotsekereza wa ma volts 30 miliyoni mpaka 100 miliyoni sidzaimitsidwa ndi 1 mpaka 2 centimita (theka la inchi) ya sole yonyowa ya rabara. Mukayika chithovu chowuma, chowuma chowuma kapena chingwe chowuma cha nayiloni chokwera pansi pamiyendo yanu panthawi yamphezi, kumathandizira kuti magetsi asasunthike pamphepo zofooka zapansi, nsapato zokhazikika zokha zimapereka chitetezo chaziro pakumenyedwa mwachindunji kapena kutsekeka kwapansi.

Kodi mphezi ya mpira ingadutsedi pawindo lagalasi lotsekedwa kulowa mnyumba kapena ndege?¶

Inde. Malipoti a mboni zowona ndi maso zolembedwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, oyendetsa ndege, ndi eni nyumba, limodzi ndi kuyesa kwa plasma mu labotale, amatsimikizira kuti mphezi ya mpira ingawonekere mkati mwa zenera lagalasi lotsekedwa popanda kuthyola galasi, kapena kusungunula bowo lozungulira pa pane. Mafunde amagetsi othamanga kwambiri kapena gawo lamagetsi lakunja lopangidwa ndi mphezi yapafupi imatha kudutsa mosapinganizidwa pagalasi lopanda mawindo ndikuyika mamolekyu a mpweya mkati mwa pane, ndikukonzanso gawo lowala la plasma mkati mwa chipindacho. Ngati mphenzi ilowa mchipindamo, imani chilili kapena kubwerera kumbuyo pang'onopang'ono osapanga chojambula, ndipo musakhudze bwalo kapena zitsulo zapafupi.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kotetezeka kukhudza ndi kuchita CPR pa munthu yemwe wangowombedwa ndi mphezi?¶

Mosiyana ndi munthu amene akugwiritsabe ntchito chingwe chamagetsi chotsika kwambiri kapena chipangizo chapakhomo chomwe chili ndi vuto, munthu amene wagwidwa ndi mphezi ya mumlengalenga sasunga kapena kusunga mphamvu yamagetsi iliyonse m’thupi mwake kung’anima kwa masekondi 0.2 kukangotha. Mphamvu yamphezi yadutsa kale padziko lapansi mu ma microseconds. Kuzengereza kugwira munthu wovulala ndi mphezi kumawononga miyoyo: muyenera kuwagwira nthawi yomweyo, fufuzani kupuma ndi kugunda, ndikuyamba CPR kapena kupulumutsa kupuma pomwepo.

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) & National Weather Service (NWS, United States): Malangizo a Chitetezo cha Mphezi ndi Sayansi ya Atsogoleri Otsogola, Otsogolera Kumwamba, ndi Ground Current.
• ** Wilderness Medical Society (WMS, International):** Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Lightning Injuries (Davis et al., Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, gulu la backcountry dispersion, mphezi crouch mechanics, reverse triage, ndi keraunoparalysis management).
• UIAA (International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation) Medical Commission: Alpine Lightning Safety, Via Ferrata Cable Hazards, ndi Point-Discharge Corona Evacuation Protocols.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Mphamvu Triage Victim Triage, Reverse Triage Resuscitation, ndi Boat/water Lightning Safety.
• American Heart Association (AHA) & European Resuscitation Council (ERC): *Malangizo Othandizira Kutsitsimula kwa Cardiopulmonary ndi Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Mikhalidwe Yapadera: Kuvulala kwa Magetsi ndi Mphezi *.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Mpira mphezi, moto wa St. Elmo, ndi kugunda kwapansi pafupi (tsitsi likuimirira)
• Mvula yamkuntho ndi mphezi
• Kuphatikizika kwa mphezi, matalala a tephra, ma raft a pumice, ndi magetsi amphamvu
• Kugwedezeka kwamagetsi
• CPR ndi AED ntchito