Escalator Step Collapse, Runaway Direction Reversal, ndi Comb-Plate Entrapment¶

Ma escalators ndi mayendedwe oyenda ndi onyamula katundu wolemera m'mafakitale omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ma mota amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri kuyambira 7.5 mpaka 30 kilowatts (10 mpaka 40 akavalo), opangidwa kuti azisuntha masauzande a kilogalamu zolemetsa anthu mosalekeza m'njira zachitsulo. Mosiyana ndi kabati ya elevator yomwe ili ndi zitseko zotetezera okwera pamakina osuntha, chokwera chimaonetsa anthu okwera pamasitepe achitsulo opindika, zingwe zomangira mphira, masiketi am'mbali oima, ndi aluminiyamu yakuthwa kapena zisa zachitsulo pamwamba ndi pansi. Ngati chithovu chofewa cha mwana, nsapato yamvula, chingwe cha nsapato, kapena chovala chachitali chikokedwa mu ** 3-to-5-millimeter (0.12-to-0.20-inch) kusiyana pakati pa sitepe yosuntha ndi siketi yam'mbali kapena pansi pa mano a chisa chachikasu, galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto siidzatha; imapitilira kukokera chiwalocho mpaka chosinthira chitetezo chikayenda kapena woyimilira akagunda batani lofiira la Emergency Stop.

M'malo okwerera magalimoto, mabwalo amasewera, ndi malo ogulitsira, zokwera zochulukira zochulukira zimathanso kuthyoka kapena kulephera kwa mabuleki, kutembenuza masitepe kukhala otsetsereka osasunthika omwe amathamanga chammbuyo ndikuunjikira okwera kukhala mulu potsika pansi. Kulephera kwapangidwe kwa ma aluminium step rollers kapena mbale zotsika pansi zosabowoleza zimathanso kutsegula chopanda pamwamba pa magiya akulu ozungulira mkati mwa dzenje lapamwamba la truss. Kudziwa komwe kuli batani lofiira la Emergency Stop pansi pa nsanamira zatsopano za handrail, momwe mungamangirire ndikuchotsa malo ocheperako panthawi yothawa, momwe mungasungire malo osowa kapena mbale yotsetsereka yotsetsereka, komanso momwe mungakhazikitsire phazi lophwanyidwa kumapulumutsa miyoyo ndi miyendo. Onani ku manambala angozi, escalator entrapment ndi kusuntha kuvulala kwa msewu, zadzidzidzi elevator,ndi kuphwanyidwa kwa anthu ndi kupulumuka kwa zipani.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Menyani kapena kukankha batani lofiira la Emergency Stop (E-Stop) pamwamba kapena pansi potsetsereka nthawi yomweyo ngati nsapato, zovala, kapena mwendo wa wina wagwidwa, kapena ngati sitepe yang'ambika kapena yang'ambika. Batanilo lili pamunsi wamkati kapena kunja kwa chipilala cha balustrade (pansipa pang'onopang'ono chopindika cha rabara chopindika ndikutsitsa chivundikiro chapamwamba, nthawi zina pulasitiki yopindika) imamveka alamu yam'deralo ikakwezedwa.
2. Fuulani "GWANI NTCHITO" musanakanize batani la Emergency Stop ngati palibe amene akukokedwera m'makina. Kuyimitsa chikepe chodzaza kwambiri mwadzidzidzi kudzera pa E-Stop yamagetsi kumapangitsa mabuleki akuluakulu mkati mwa 0.3 mpaka 0.9 metres (mamita 1 mpaka 3) yaulendo, yomwe imatha kutsitsa masitepe okwera.
3. **Dulani zovala zotsekeredwa, zingwe zomangira, kapena zingwe za nsapato nthawi yomweyo ndi zometa zowopsa kapena mpeni wa mthumba, kapena tulutsani phazi mu chotsekera chabala kapena nsapato ngati makinawo akuyendabe. dulani nsaluyo mwaulere kapena tsitsani phazi lopanda nsapato kuchokera ku nsapato zisanafike zala zapachisa.
4. Ngati chokwererapo chikabuula mwadzidzidzi, kunjenjemera, ndikutembenukira pansi, gwirani mwamphamvu zingwe zonse ziwiri za labala, tambani mapazi anu motambasula masitepe awiri, ndikutsamira chammbuyo pang'ono. Mukangofika pansi, chipinda cham'mwamba kapena kuthamangira cham'mbali pamwamba pa balustrade kapena kutali kwambiri ndi zisa zotulukamo nthawi yomweyo kuti musawunjikire zisa zotchinga. kutsetsereka kumbuyo kwanu; onani kuphwanyidwa kwa anthu ndi kupulumuka kwa zipani.
5. Mukawona phale losweka, lopendekeka, kapena losowa polowera potsetsereka, kulumphani zitsulo zonse zotsetsereka pabwalo lolimba. Masitepe osweka akawombana ndi zisa zakumwamba kapena zapansi, mphamvuyo imachititsa kuti mbale zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zitsike m'mwamba, ndikugwetsa aliyense amene waima pamatayalawo molunjika m'magiya osatetezedwa.
6. Imbani nambala yanu yazadzidzi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom) ndipo funsani Fire Department Heavy Technical Rescue. Musalole achitetezo a m'misika kapena ogwira ntchito osaphunzitsidwa bwino oyendetsa galimoto kuti ayang'ane phazi lomwe latsekeka ndi khwangwala kapena kuthamangitsa ma escalator mobweza; kumasula chiwalo chopiringizika pakati pa chokwera cha aluminiyamu chokwera ndi siketi yachitsulo yachitsulo kumafuna ma hydraulic spreaders ndi kumasulidwa kwapang'onopang'ono; fufuzani manambala angozi ndi kuphwanya kuwonongeka ndi compartment syndrome.

Mtengo wachigamulo: ma escalator makina azadzidzidzi komanso kuyankha kwapang'onopang'ono¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Escalator kapena Moving Walkway Emergency"] --> HazardType{"Ndi kulephera kwa makina kapena kuvulala kotani?"}
    HazardType -->|"Nsapato, Zala, kapena Zovala Zogwidwa mu Chisa Plate kapena Side Skirt"| Entrapment["1. Dinani batani lofiira la Emergency Stop pamwamba kapena pansi potsitsa positi yatsopano; 2. Dulani zovala za taut kapena chotsani phazi mu nsapato yotsekeredwa nthawi yomweyo; 3. OSATI kukoka mokakamiza zala zotsekeredwa kapena jog mota mobweza; 4. Imbani 911 / 112 / 999 kuti mupulumutse Moto Wolemera ndi ma hydraulic spreaders"]
    HazardType -->|"Escalator Mwadzidzidzi Imasintha Mayendedwe kapena Imathamanga Kutsika"| Runaway["1. OSATI kukwera ma escalator obwerera m'mbuyo mwachangu; 2. Gwirani nsonga zonse ziwiri molimba, kulitsa kaimidwe, ndi zingwe kuti zigwire pansi; 3. Ngati pafupi ndi pansi, dumphani nthawi yomweyo ndikusuntha 5 m (16 ft) cham'mbali; 4. Kokani okwera omwe akugwa chammbali kutali ndi zisa-mbale mulu wa zone"]
    HazardType -->|"Sitepe Buckles, Mpata Wosowa Pamawonekedwe, kapena Phokoso Lakugaya Chitsulo"| StepCollapse["1. Dinani batani lofiira la Emergency Stop ndikukuwa kuti okwera asiye kuyenda; 2. Yendani pa masitepe oyandikana nawo kapena yendani manja m'mbali mwa zitsulo; 3. OSATI kuponda pazitsulo zachitsulo pamwamba kapena pansi potera; 4. Chophimba choyera bwino pansi pa konkriti yolimba"]
    Entrapment --> Medical["Yang'anirani kutuluka kwa magazi ndi tourniquet kapena kuthamanga kwachindunji ndikuchiza kugwedezeka"]
    Runaway --> Medical
    StepCollapse --> Medical

Anatomy ya escalator ndikupeza batani lofiira la Emergency Stop¶

Chifukwa chiyani anthu omwe ali pafupi amalephera kuyimitsa ma escalator pakapita nthawi¶

Paulendo wokwera ma escalator kapena kulephera kwa makina, sekondi iliyonse ikapitilira kuyenda imakoka pafupifupi 0.5 mita (mamita 1.6) ya zitsulo zomwe zimadumphira pa mwendo wa wovulalayo. Zithunzi zowonera ngozi za ma escalator zikuwonetsa kuti anthu ongoima pafupi nthawi zambiri amataya masekondi 10 mpaka 30 akuyang'ana makoma kuti apeze chosinthira chifukwa sadziwa pomwe batani loyimitsa layikidwa.

Ndi malamulo achitetezo apadziko lonse lapansi (ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 ku North America ndi EN 115 ku Europe, United Kingdom, ndi Asia-Pacific), mtunda uliwonse wapagulu ndi njira yoyenda ili ndi ma switch awiri ofikika kunja, ofiira a Emergency Stop: imodzi pamtunda ndipo ina pansi.

Malo enieni enieni a batani la Emergency Stop (E-Stop).¶

Yang'anani mu imodzi mwa malo atatu ovomerezeka polowera ndi kutuluka kumapeto kwa escalator:

1. Kholo lakutsogolo lakumunsi la chipilala chatsopano cha balustrade (chofala kwambiri): Imani moyang'anizana ndi khomo kapena potulukira escalator. Yang'anani pansi kumapeto kokhotakhota kwa chingwe chamanja (chatsopano*) chomwe chili kutalika kwa bondo mpaka m'chiuno, masentimita 30 mpaka 90 ( mainchesi 12 mpaka 36) pamwamba pa pansi. Batani lofiyira lokankhira limayikidwanso pachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pansi pa mphuno yotembenuza mphira kapena kudzanja lamanja moyang'anizana ndi masitepe.
2. M'kati mwachivundikiro chowonekera modzidzimutsa: Akuluakulu a zamayendedwe amatseka batani lofiira ndi chivindikiro chowoneka bwino cha polycarbonate cholembedwa kuti "EMERGENCY STOP - LIFT COVER TO PUSH BUTTON." Kukweza chivundikiro cha pulasitikichi kumayambitsa siren kuti aletse kusokoneza, koma kukweza chivundikiro chokha SIKUYImitsa chivundikirocho. Muyenera kutembenuzira chivundikiro chowonekera bwino ndi **kudina batani lofiira bowa molimba mkati ** mpaka cholumikizira chamagetsi chiyende.
3. Nsinjiro yapamwamba kapena nsonga zothandizira pamalo okwerera anthu ambiri: M'masiteshoni apansi panthaka akuya, pali bollard yowongoka yokwera m'chiuno kapena batani lofiyira lomwe limayikidwa pamwamba pa balustrade m'mbali mwa njanji yolowera kumapangitsa kuti anthu aziwoneka pamwamba pa khamu la anthu.

Chisa-mbale ndi masiketi am'mbali: chifukwa chiyani nsapato zofewa ndi zovala zotayirira zimakokedwa¶

Makaniko a magawo awiri oyambira amatsina¶

Kupitilira 90 peresenti ya ma escalator odulidwa, kuvulala kwapang'onopang'ono, ndi kuphwanyidwa kwambiri kwa mapazi kumachitika panjira ziwiri za geometric pomwe masitepe a aluminiyamu amadutsa mkati mwa millimeters ya chitsulo chokhazikika:

1. Mpata wa siketi yam'mbali (kutchingira masiketi)¶

Pamene sitepe iliyonse ya escalator imayenda mmwamba kapena pansi, m'mphepete mwake kumanzere ndi kumanja kumadutsa pafupi ndi gulu lachitsulo loyima lotchedwa skirt board. Makhodi omanga amafunikira kusiyana kopingasa pakati pa masitepe osuntha ndi siketi yosasunthika kuti isapitirire 4 mpaka 5 millimita (0.16 mpaka 0.20 mainchesi), koma katundu wolemetsa ndi zodzigudubuza za nayiloni zobvala zimalola kuti masitepe asunthike mozungulira. Pamene sitepe ikuyandikira kupindika kokhotakhota pamwamba kapena pansi, nkhope yoyimirira (yokwera) ya sitepe yakumtunda imatsetsereka kutsika kupyola njira yopingasa ya sitepe yakumunsi, ndikupanga zone yokhotakhota yopita kumunsi m'mphepete mwa siketi.

2. Chisa chapamwamba ndi chapansi (kutsekera kwa sitepe kupita ku chipeso)¶

Pamalo onse awiri, mikwingwirima ya masitepe a aluminiyamu yosuntha imadutsa pansi pa mzere wosasunthika wazitsulo zopindika kapena mano achikasu a polima otchedwa **chisa mbale **, chomwe chimakhala ngati spatula kutsetseretsa mapazi a okwera pamasitepe osunthika kupita pansi. Ngati dzino lililonse pa chisa lathyoka kapena kupindika m'mwamba, kapena ngati chinthu chowonda chatsetsereka m'munsi mwa sitepe m'malo mokwera pamwamba pa chisa, chimayendetsedwa molunjika mu 1.5-to-3-millimeter (0.06-to-0.12-inchi) meshing interface.

Chifukwa chiyani thovu limatsekeka (Nkhota), nsapato za mphira zofewa, ndi zingwe ndizowopsa¶

Nsapato zachikopa zolimba kapena masiketi olimba amakhala ndi ma sore olimba omwe amatsetsereka bwino pa siketi yam'mbali yachitsulo yosasunthika ndipo amakwera mosavuta m'mano a mbale. Mosiyana ndi izi, mitundu itatu ya nsapato ndi zovala imayambitsa kuvulala kochuluka kwa ma escalator mangling:

• Zovala za thovu zofewa za ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) (monga Crocs) ndi nsapato za mphira za gummy (wellingtons): thovu lofewa la EVA ndi mphira wopyapyala wonyezimira amakhala ndi mikangano yokwera kwambiri yolimbana ndi chitsulo chopukutidwa ndi aluminiyamu, kuphatikiza pafupifupi kukana kuphwanyidwa kwa ziro. Mwana akamatsuka m’mbali mwa siketi yofewa ya thovu kapena nsapato yamvula, kugundana kumagwira nsapato ya chingamu, kupindikiza bokosi la chala chofewa mkati, ndi kuyamwa nsapato yonseyo, pamodzi ndi zala zonse zapaphazi ndi zapapazi, mpaka pakati pa sitepe ndi siketi kapena pansi pa chisa cha mamilimita anayi.
• Zingwe za nsapato zolendewera, zingwe zomangira, zomangira zingwe, ndi zomangira m'chikwama: Chingwe cha nsapato chosamangika chimakhala chathyathyathya mkati mwa timizera tong'onoting'ono (zotsekera) za popondapo. Chifukwa lace amakhala ** pansi ** pamwamba pamwamba pa grooves, mano a chisa mbale sangathe kuchichotsa potera; M'malo mwake, zingwezo zimadutsa m'mano akuchisa ndikumangirira chitsulo chozungulira chozungulira pansi, ndikumangirira nsapato pa chisa kapena kukokera zala za mwana wogwada ndi khosi pansi pa mano achitsulo.
• Masiketi atalitali, ma abaya, ma saris, madiresi akuluakulu, ndi mathalauza amiyendo yotakata: Mipendero yoyenda yomwe imabowola malire achikasu a sitepeyo imatsina pakati pa chokwera chokwera cha sitepe imodzi ndi masitepe opingasa a sitepe yoyandikana nayo pamene masitepe akupendekeka potera.

Kupulumutsa pang'onopang'ono ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kwa chisa-mbale kapena mbali-siketi entrapment¶

Gawo 1: Kuyimitsa kwakanthawi ndikuwunika kochotsa (10 masekondi)¶

1. Dinani batani lofiira la Emergency Stop nthawi yomweyo: mota yagalimoto ikayima, kukanikiza kwa makina kumayimitsa kupita patsogolo.
2. Ngati chovala kapena chingwe cha nsapato chatsekeredwa koma chiwalo chake sichinakhale mkati mwabowo lachitsulo, chiduleni nthawi yomweyo: Gwiritsani ntchito masikelo, lumo lolimba, kapena mpeni wa mthumba (kudula patali pakhungu la wovulalayo) kudula chingwe cha nsapato, chingwe, mwendo wapantchafu, kapena mpendekero wa malaya munthu asanayambe mwangozi.
3. Ngati nsapato yofewa yapiringizidwa mu siketi yakumbali kapena mbale ya chisa, fufuzani ngati chidendene chingathe kutuluka: Ngati bokosi la chala chala chala chala lotayirira kapena nsapato yamvula yatsina ndipo chokweracho chayimitsidwa, masulani pang'onopang'ono kapena kumasula zipiyo ndikuwona ngati phazi la wovulalayo limatha kutsetsereka motsetsereka kuchokera m'makina popanda kukakamiza.
4. OSATI kukoka mokakamiza phazi, dzanja, kapena chala chomwe chatsekeredwa: Ngati zala, zala, kapena mafupa a akakolo zapanikizidwa mkati mwa siketi yachitsulo kapena kukanikizidwa pansi pa mano opindika a chisa, kukokera chammbuyo kumapangitsa kuti chitsulo chakuthwa cha aluminiyamu chikung'ambika ndi kusekera mano kuchita ngati chitsulo chanjira imodzi, ndikuchotsa khungu ndi fupa (* * gloves) metatarsal.

Gawo 2: Kuthandizira wozunzidwa pamene akuyembekezera Kuwombola Kwamoto¶

1. Khalani bata ndi kuthandizira wovulalayo pa masitepe: Palani pansi pa mawondo, chiuno, ndi chiuno cha wovulalayo ndi majekete opindika kuti kulemera kwa thupi lawo lisasunthike pabondo.
2. Imitsani woimirira pa mabatani onse awiri a Emergency Stop ndi makiyi osinthira: Pewani anthu ongoima pafupi omwe sakudziwa mbali ina ya escalator kuti asayimenso choyimitsa choyimitsa kapena kuyika kiyi yoyambira mpaka ozimitsa moto atseke choboola chachikulu.
3. ** Thandizani Kuwombola kwaukadaulo waDipatimenti Yamoto:** Ozimitsa moto amatsegula gawo lochotsamo, chotsani masitepe oyandikana nawo a aluminiyamu, kapena kuyika chowulutsa chopulumutsira cha hydraulic pakati pa sitepe ndi siketi yam'mbali yachitsulo kukakamiza 25-to-50-millimeter (1-to-2-inchi), ndikutulutsa phazi lophwanyidwa pambuyo pake.
4. Yesetsani kukhetsa magazi ndi kuteteza minofu yoduka: Ikani chitsenderezo chachindunji ndi chopyapyala chopyapyala pamabala otuluka magazi, kapena ikani chotchingira choyendera mphepo 5 mpaka 7 centimita (2 mpaka 3 mainchesi) pamwamba pa bondo kapena dzanja ngati mtsempha wamagazi ukuthamanga; onani magazi kwambiri. Manga manambala aliwonse odulidwa mu yopyapyala wosabala wothira ndi saline kapena madzi oyera, asindikize mu thumba la pulasitiki louma, ndikuyandama thumbalo pamadzi osamba a ayezi ndi madzi.

Kubwerera kwa mayendedwe othawa pamakwerero okwera odzaza kwambiri¶

Fiziki ya escalator runway reversal¶

Chochitika cha ma escalator othawirako chimachitika makamaka pa makwerero okwera odzaza kwambiri m'masiteshoni apansi panthaka, kokwerera njanji, ndi masitediyamu. M'kati mwa dzenje la makina apamwamba, mota yamagetsi imayendetsa sprocket yayikulu yodutsa mu gearbox kapena unyolo wodzigudubuza wolemera, pomwe brake yoyambira nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa shaft yamoto. Mitundu iwiri yolephera imapangitsa kuti chikwere chokwera chodzaza ndi anthu okwera kuti chibwerere modzidzimutsa:

1. Kuduka kwa chain chain kapena shearbox ya gearbox: Ngati cholozera chachikulu chaduka kapena mano a giya atanyamula katundu wolemera, mota yamagetsi ndi mabuleki ake okhala ndi mota amachotsedwa pamasitepe okwera. Pokhapokha kuti **mabuleki othandizira main-shaft ** atakwezedwa molunjika pa sprocket yapamwamba, palibe chomwe chimakweza unyolo.
2. Slip brake lining slip: Ngati okwera ambiri afika pa ma escalator okwera nthawi imodzi, mphamvu yokokera pansi ya katunduyo imagonjetsa torque ya mota kapena nsapato za brake zomwe zidawonongeka kale.

Kukwera kukalephera, mphamvu yokoka imatembenuza escalator kukhala chotengera chachitsulo cholemera ma kilogalamu 5,000 mpaka 10,000 (mapaundi 11,000 mpaka 22,000) a okwera. Pakadutsa masekondi awiri kapena atatu, masitepe amayima, kutembenukira pansi, ndikuthamangira ku 1.5 mpaka 2.5 mamita pamphindi (mamita 5 mpaka 8 pamphindikati).

Zochita zopulumuka panthawi yosinthira ma escalator¶

Ngati mukukwera pa escalator yokwera ndikumva kuti ikunjenjemera, chepetsani, kapena yambani kugudubuza chammbuyo:

1. OSATI kukwera masitepe pokhapokha mutakhala mkati mwa sitepe imodzi ya chisa chapamwamba: Kuyesera kuthamangira mmwamba motsutsana ndi masitepe othamanga kutsika pansi pa 2 metres pa sekondi iliyonse (mamita 6.5 pa sekondi) kumakuponyani molunjika patsogolo pa masitepe akuthwa achitsulo.
2. Ngati muli pafupi ndi malo otsetsereka pamene kutembenuka kukuyamba, kudumphani pomwepo ndi kusuntha chammbali: Pakangotha ​​masekondi pang'ono, gulu la anthu okwera lidzatulutsidwa m'chisa chapansi pa liwiro lalikulu.
3. Ngati muli mkatikati mwa ndege ndipo simungathe kutuluka, khalani ndi Escalator Brace Position:
4. Gwirani njanji zonse ziwiri za labala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamanja.
5. **Dzani mapazi anu motalikirana pamasitepe awiri osiyana ** kuti mupange maziko okhazikika kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kuti musagwere chammbuyo pansi pamapindikira.
6. **Gwirani mawondo anu pang'ono ndikugwetsa chibwano chanu pansi ** kwinaku mukukweza manja anu ngati okwera pamwamba agwera kumbuyo kwanu.
7. Chotsani malo otsetsereka pansi nthawi yomweyo:
8. Pamene okwera oyambirira agunda pansi ndikugwa, chotengeracho chimadyetsa matupi ambiri pamwamba pawo, ndikupanga mulu wophwanyidwa ** 1.5 mpaka 2.5 mamita (5 mpaka 8 mapazi) mwakuya ** pamene masitepe achitsulo akupera pansi pa ozunzidwa.
9. Nthawi yomweyo mapazi anu afika kumunsi kwa zone yosinthira, **pindani kutsogolo kapena cham'mbali pamwamba pa mulu womwe wagwa kapena kugudubuza chammbali pamwamba pa balustrade ** ndikuthamangira kuchoka pa chute.
10. Gwirani okwera omwe akugwa pamapewa kapena m'manja ndiku kuwakokera cham'mbali kuchokera panjirayo kuti okwera omwe akubwera kumbuyo kwawo azikhala ndi malo otsetsereka; onani kuphwanyidwa kwa anthu ndi kupulumuka kwa zipani.

Kugwa kwapang'onopang'ono, kulephera kwa mbale, ndi misampha yotseguka ya truss-pit¶

Momwe sitepe yosweka imasinthira mbale yofikira kukhala chitseko¶

Gawo lililonse la escalator ndi bulaketi ya aluminiyamu yakufa yozungulira pamawilo anayi a polyurethane m'njira zachitsulo mkati mwa truss. Kutopa kwachitsulo, kuwonongeka kwa mchere wamsewu, kapena zinyalala zomwe zili m'njanji zimatha kuphwanya mkono wothandizira masitepe kapena kuphwanya chogudubuza, zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa ziwiri zotsatizana:

1. Nyengo yapakati paulendo wa pandege: Mpata wamakona wamakona umatseguka pakati pa masitepe, kuwonetsa ndodo za masitepe. Ngati mwendo wagwera pa sitepe yomwe yagwa mkati mwa ndege, sitepeyo imanyamula mwendo womwe watsekeredwa kupita ku mbale yachisa yokhazikika ngati kameta.
2. Mphukira zapansi-mbale zotsetsereka: Masitepe omangika kapena opendekeka akafika potsetsereka, amalowera mwamphamvu mumtengo wolimba wachitsulo. Pamagawo omwe mbale zofikira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimangokhala ndi mphamvu yokoka kapena zomangira dzimbiri, kugunda komweko kumatulutsa mbale yachisa m'mwamba ndikutulutsa zitsulo pansi pa chimango, ndikugwetsera aliyense amene wayima pamenepo molunjika m'magiya oyendetsa ng'ombe mkati mwa dzenje la makina apamwamba.

Pulumutsani ku sitepe yomwe yagwa kapena dzenje lolowera¶

1. Dinani batani lofiira la Emergency Stop musanagwire wovulalayo: Magalimoto akuluakulu mkati mwa dzenje lapamwamba amazungulira ndi mphamvu zokwanira kukoka wopulumutsa ngati injini ikadali yamphamvu.
2. Kokerani chokwera chotsekeredwa pamalo otsetsereka cham'mbuyo makinawo atafa: Dzimangani pansanjika yolimba (osati pazitsulo zotsalira zazitsulo) ndi kukokera wovulalayo m'mwamba ndi makhwapa kapena lamba.
3. Zimitsani cholumikizira chachikulu chamagetsi mchipinda chamakina: Okonza zomanga mwachindunji kapena ozimitsa moto kuti aponyere chophwanyira cha magawo atatu ku ZIMU (Lockout/Tagout).

Thandizo loyamba la kuvulala kwa ma escalator: degloving, kuphwanya, ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono¶

Kuchiza mabala a aluminiyamu akuthwa pang'ono¶

Masitepe okwera pamakwerero amapangidwa ndi nthiti zakuya, zopapatiza (cleats) zopangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mbale yachisa. Kugwa pansi pa escalator nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa ziboda zakuya, zofananira, zopindika m'mafupa, mawondo, pamphumi, pamphumi, ndi m'mutu zomwe zimadulidwa mpaka fupa:

• Yesetsani kukhetsa magazi ndi mphamvu yolimba, yopyapyala yopyapyala: Musayese kutenga zidutswa zamafuta akuda okwera pamakwerero kapena nsonga za aluminiyamu m'bowo lakuya lakuya kapena nsonga yapakhungu pamalopo. Ikani zomangira zosabala zosabala zopyapyala pamwamba pa mabala omwewo ndikukulunga mwamphamvu ndi bandeji yodzigudubuza; onani magazi kwambiri.
• Khazikitsa zomwe akuganiziridwa kuti zavulala msana ndi kumutu: Apaulendo omwe amaponyedwa cham'mbuyo pachikwere pamene akuima modzidzimutsa kapena pothawa pothawa nthawi zambiri amagunda pansi pa chigaza kapena khosi la khomo la khomo la khosi lawo pafupi ndi nsonga zakuthwa. Ngati munthu wogwa pansi akutera ali ndi ululu wa khosi, chisokonezo, dzanzi m'miyendo, kapena kutaya chidziwitso, ** onetsetsani kuti escalator imayimitsidwa poyamba **, ndiye khazikitsani mutu wawo ndi khosi pamanja mogwirizana ndi torso yawo popanda kuwapotoza pokhapokha mutawakokera m'mbali mwa mulu wogwira ntchito; onani kuvulala pamutu ndi kuvulala kwa msana.
• ** Phimbani minyewa yowonekera ndi fupa ndi zonyowa za saline zonyowa:** Ngati nsapato ya raba ndi khungu zachotsedwa kuphazi (degloving), phimbani minofu yaiwisi ndi yopyapyala wothira ndi saline wosabala (kapena madzi am'mabotolo) ndikukulunga mopepuka ndi zowuma zowuma. Osadula khungu lomwe limalumikizidwabe ndi mlatho wa minofu; igoneni bwinobwino pabedi pabalapo pamwamba pa yonyowa saline yopyapyala. Musayese kuwongola bondo lopotoka kapena lophwanyidwa kutsogolo; pedi kuzungulira phazi lopunduka ndi matawulo okulungidwa; onani mafupa osweka ndi mantha.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Mukamayitanitsa thandizo pakakwera ma escalator, kugwa kwa masitepe, kapena kuthawa kwa anthu ambiri, nthawi zonse muzinena kuti "Munthu amene watsekeredwa mu escalator, tumizani Fire Department Heavy Technical Rescue" kotero otumiza amatumiza zida za hydraulic extrication rigs pamodzi ndi azachipatala. Mwaona manambala angozi kwa akalozera apadziko lonse lapansi.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi batani lofiira la Emergency Stop lomwe lili pa escalator liri kuti, ndipo kulikaniza kugwetsa okwera masitepe?¶

Pa ma escalator onse ogwirizana ndi ma code ndi njira yosuntha, batani lofiira la Emergency Stop limayikidwa pamwamba ndi pansi kutsogolo kapena mkati mwa positi ya handrail balustrade, pafupifupi ma centimita 30 mpaka 90 ( mainchesi 12 mpaka 36) pamwamba pa nthaka (nthawi zina kumbuyo kwa chivundikiro chopindika chopindika). Kukanikiza batani kumadula mphamvu pagalimoto yoyendetsa ndikupangitsa kuti mabuleki athandizidwe, kupangitsa kuti masitepe ayime bwino pamtunda wamamita 0.3 mpaka 0.9 (1 mpaka 3 mapazi) oyenda. Osasindikiza batani ngati chiseke kapena kubweza zinthu zomwe zagwetsedwa, koma yesani mosazengereza ngati nsapato, chovala, kapena chiwalo chathupi chagwidwa kapena ngati wina wagwa pafupi ndi chisa.

Chifukwa chiyani zotchingira thovu zofewa ngati ma Crocs ndi nsapato za mphira zimakhala zosavuta kuti zilowe mu escalator kuposa nsapato zachikopa kapena nsapato?¶

Nsapato zolimba zachikopa ndi nsapato zokhazikika zimakhala zolimba zakunja ndipo zimagundana pang'ono ndi chitsulo, motero zimatsetsereka mopanda vuto pa siketi yapambali yachitsulo kapena mano opindika. Zovala zofewa za EVA za thovu ndi nsapato za mphira zosinthika zimaphatikiza kugwirira kwapamwamba (kukokera) motsutsana ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi kuuma kotsika kwambiri. Mwana akamatsuka m’mbali kapena chala cha nsapato yofewa yofewa polimbana ndi siketi ya m’mbali yosasunthika, kukangana kumagwira mphira wa chingamu, kupindika bokosi la chala chofewa kukhala chophwanyika, ndi kukokera nsapato ndi zala za mwanayo mumpata wa mamilimita 4 (0.16 inchi) pakati pa sitepe yosuntha ndi gulu la siketi yachitsulo.

Kodi ndi bwino kuyenda mmwamba kapena pansi pa chikepe chomwe chazimitsidwa ndikutchingidwa ndi ma cones achikasu?¶

Kuyenda pa escalator yoyimitsidwa yomwe yatsekedwa kuti isamalidwe ndi koopsa pazifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba, ngati escalator imangogwiridwa ndi brake yowonongeka kapena ikugwira ntchito popanda makina otsekera masitepe, kulemera kwa oyenda pansi pa masitepe kumatha kuthana ndi kugwedezeka kwa giya yoyendetsa ndikupangitsa kuti masitepe abwerere m'mbuyo popanda chenjezo. Chachiwiri, zokwera masitepe oyimirira ndi 20 mpaka 24 centimita (8 mpaka 9.5 mainchesi) otalikirapo, otsetsereka kuposa masitepe omanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi yowopsa pamiyendo yakuthwa ya aluminiyamu. Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito masitepe omanga okhazikika kapena elevator pamene escalator yazimitsidwa.

Chifukwa chiyani makanika omangira nyumba sakuyenera kutembenuza ma escalator pang'ono kuti phazi la mwana wotsekeredwa kuchoka pa chisa?¶

Unyolo wa masitepe okwera masitepe ndi magiya oyendetsa amakhala ndi mawotchi amakina (kubwerera kumbuyo), ndipo sitepe yomwe yapondana ndi phazi mkati mwa mbale ya chisa kapena siketi yam'mbali yapindika kale. Ngati makaniko apatsa mphamvu injini yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri mobwerera m'mbuyo, chitsulo cha aluminiyamu chopindika chimasuntha molunjika kapena kutsina molimba kwambiri pamano azisa osasunthika musanasunthe chammbuyo, kumeta zala zosweka kapena kuvula khungu ndi minyewa pafupa. Opulumutsa ozimitsa moto okhawo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma wrenchi ndi ma hydraulic Spreader pambuyo potseka magetsi onse ayenera kumasula chiwalo chomwe chatsekeredwa.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kukwera kwa escalator kubwerere modzidzimutsa ndikuthamanga chammbuyo, ndipo chifukwa chiyani batani lofiira la Emergency Stop siliyimitsa?¶

Kubwerera kumayendedwe othawa kumachitika pamene escalator yokwera itadzaza ndi anthu ndipo mwina masilipi akuluakulu a mabuleki kapena tcheni cholumikizira cholumikizira injini yamagetsi kupita kumtunda kwa sprocket. Pamasitima akale omwe alibe mabuleki othandizira omwe amamangika molunjika pamasitepe akuluakulu, unyolo wosweka umadula masitepe okwerapo kuchokera pagalimoto ndi mabuleki ake. Chifukwa batani lofiyira la Emergency Stop limangodula mphamvu ku mota ndikulowetsa mabuleki agalimoto, kukanikiza batani sikungayimitse masitepe pomwe tcheni chagalimoto chasweka; mphamvu yokoka imakokera masitepe olemedwa mmbuyo mpaka kulemera kukafika pansi.

Bukhuli limapereka njira zopulumutsira ndi kuvulala pakachitika ngozi zadzidzidzi ndipo sililowa m'malo mwa maphunziro azachipatala. Ganizirani zomaliza chithandizo choyamba, CPR, ndi Stop the Bleed tourniquet course kudzera ku Red Cross, St John Ambulance, kapena chithandizo chadzidzidzi chapafupi chanu.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Escalator entrapment ndi kusuntha kuvulala kwa msewu
• Zowopsa za elevator
• Khamu la anthu liphwanyidwa ndi kupulumuka mwa zipani
• Kutuluka magazi kwambiri
• Crush injury and compartment syndrome

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME, United States) & CSA Group (Canada): ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
• U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC, United States): Public Safety Alert on Escalator Entrapment Hazards Involving Soft Resin Footwear, Drawstrings, and Strollers
• European Committee for Standardization (CEN, European Union) & British Standards Institution (BSI, United Kingdom): EN 115-1 Chitetezo cha ma Escalator ndi Maulendo Oyenda: Kumanga ndi Kuyika
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Kugwiritsa Ntchito Motetezeka Ma Escalators ndi Moving Walkways mu Public and Commercial Premises (Kukweza Ntchito ndi Kukwezera Zida Regulations / PUWER Guidance)
• National Elevator Industry, Inc. (NEII, United States) & Elevator Escalator Safety Foundation (EESF): First Responder Escalator Extrication and Lockout/Tagout Technical Manual