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Kuthamangitsidwa kwa Wheel, Mpira Wosweka, kapena Kulephera Ndodo Yomanga Pamene Mukuyendetsa

Manambala angozi amasiyana malinga ndi dziko. Tsambali limagwiritsa ntchito 911, nambala ya United States ndi Canada. Mayiko ena ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito 112, 999, kapena nambala ina. Pezani nambala ya dziko lanu.

Kuyimitsidwa kowopsa kutsogolo ndi kulephera kwa magudumu, makamaka ** Kutsekereza Wheel Yathunthu ("Runaway Wheel" kuchokera kuzitsulo zometa kapena mtedza wotayirira)**, **Kupatukana kwa Mpira Wam'munsi (kugwa kwa "Ka-Chow" kuyimitsidwa) **, Outer Tie Axle * CV, Outer Tie CV, Snap, gundani ndi mphamvu yamakina achiwawa pomwe ngodya yagalimoto igwera m'mphepete mwa msewu kapena kutaya njira yowongolera pa liwiro la msewu waukulu. Mosiyana ndi kuphulika kwa matayala ofewa (okutidwa mkati Kuphulika kwa matayala ndi kulephera kwa chiwongolero pa liwiro), cholumikizira magudumu kapena cholumikizira mpira chimagwetsera chowotcha chachitsulo kapena mkono wowongolera molunjika pa phula pa 100 kilomita pa ola (makilomita 62 pa ola), kutulutsa shawa la magnesiamu yoyera komanso zitsulo zakuthwanirana kwinaku mukupanga chokokera chachikulu chomwe chimayesa kuthamangitsa chiwongolero ndikuyenda m'manja. M'malo mwake, **kupitilira 90 peresenti ya ma gudumu ndi kupatukana kolumikizana kwa mpira kumawulutsa machenjezo odziwika bwino pamakilomita 5 mpaka 50 (makilomita 3 mpaka 30) chithunzi chomaliza chisanachitike **. Kuzindikira kudalira kothamanga kothamanga ** kugwedezeka ndi chiwongolero cha kumasula mtedza ** (makamaka pamtunda wa makilomita 100 kuchokera ku malo ogulitsira matayala), ndikugwira chiwongolero nthawi ya 9 ndi 3 koloko osagunda mabuleki a hydraulic, ndikutsika liwiro munjira yowongoka kapena yowongoka. kugundana.

Chitani izi tsopano

  1. klzzwxh:0018 * Pafupifupi gudumu silimameta zitsulo zonse zisanuapena zisanu ndi chimodzi popanda chenjezo. Kwa *makilomita 5 mpaka 30 (makilomita 3 mpaka 20) gudumu lisanawuluke**, gudumu lomasuka limayenda uku ndi uku kumipando yopindika, zome zimapangitsa **phokoso lalikulu la *kugogoda/kugunda kolimba ndi chiwongolero chonyezimira chomwe chimakhala chete kwakanthawi mukathamangira kapena kuphwanya ma gudumu studs) ndi **kumveka mokweza kwambiri mukangokhala osalowerera **. Kokani pomwepo pamalo otetezeka oyamba ndikuwunika mtedza uliwonse zipolopolo zisanaduke.
  2. GULO LIKAGUMA KAPENA KULUMIKILA MPIRA LIMALIRO: Gwirani chiwongolero ndi manja onse awiri nthawi ya 9 ndi 3 koloko ndipo OSATI KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO BRAKE. Pamene ngodya yakutsogolo-kumanzere kapena yakumanja kwa galimoto igwera pa mabuleki opanda kanthu kapena mkono wowongola, chitsulocho chimagundana ndi zitsulo. **Kuponda mwamphamvu pama brake pedal kumasuntha 70 peresenti ya kulemera kwa galimoto kupita kukona yachitsulo yomwe yagwa **, zomwe zimapangitsa mkono wowongolera kukumba mu phula ngati mtengo wovunda ndi **kugwetsa galimotoyo kukhala mbiya yachiwawa **.
  3. Gwirani nthenga yaing'ono, yosasunthika kwa masekondi 1 mpaka 2 kuti musawonde mphuno, kenaka chotsani mpweyawo bwino ndikusiya galimotoyo pansi. Kusunga mphuno kwa masekondi awiri oyambirira kumakupatsani mwayi wotsutsa kukoka kukona yogwera. Yang'anani maso anu pakatikati pa msewu wanu (osayang'ana gudumu lothawa likudumpha mumsewu waukulu) ndipo yendetsani bwino kuti galimotoyo isaloze kutsogolo.
  4. Gwiritsani ntchito kutsitsa kwa injini zotsatizana (kapena EV regen) ndi kutsika pang'onopang'ono kwa mzere wowongoka pansi pa 40 km/h (25 mph). Mukakhazikika kukoka kolowera molunjika, sinthani makina odziwikiratu kuti L, 2, kapena M- (kapena tsitsani makina otumizira) ndikuyatsa **zowunikira zochenjeza zangozi **. Ingogwiritsani ntchito yopepuka, yoyenda pang'onopang'ono ya brake ya phazi (kapena sinthani mabuleki oimikapo magalimoto) liwiro likatsika pansi 40 mpaka 50 km/h (25 mpaka 30 mph) pamene mukuwongolera galimoto pamapewa opangidwa.
  5. NGAPO NDOMBO YOTHANDIZA NTCHITO YAKUNJA IKUTHA (KUYAMBIRA KWA WOYERA KAPENA GALIMOTO VERA WILDY): Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya ma brake brake ndi Electronic Stability Control (ESC) kuti galimoto iime nthawi yomweyo mumsewu kapena phewa. Ndodo imodzi yakunja ikaduka, chiwongolero china chakutsogolo chimakhala chomasuka pamene chiwongolerocho chili kutsogolo. ("toe-outlock"), kumenyana ndi chiwongolero. Gwirani chiwongolero chomwe chimachititsa kuti wilo lakutsogolo liziyenda molunjika pamapewa kwinaku mukutsika mwachangu popanda chowongolerera.
  6. Yang'anirani moto wa brake-fluid/magnesium mukayimitsa, ndipo imbani 911 / 112 / 999 ngati gudumu lothawa litalowa mumsewu wagalimoto. Kupera mkono wowongolera aluminiyamu/magnesium kapena paipi yosweka ya rabara pa phula lotalika mamita 200 (mamita 650) nthawi zambiri kumayatsa moto wa magudumu. Chotsani okwera onse kuseri kwa msewu wachitetezo osachepera ** 15 mita (mamita 50) kumtunda ** kwagalimoto ndikuyimbira kwanuko. manambala angozi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom, 000 ku Australia) nthawi yomweyo, makamaka ngati gudumu la 25 kilograms (55-pounds) ndi matayala osakanikirana adumphira mumsewu womwe ukubwera.
flowchart TD
    A["Mwadzidzidzi Kumapeto Kumapeto Kwachiwawa Kugwedezeka, Kuphulika, kapena Kugwa Pangodya Mothamanga"] --> B{"Kodi ngodyayo idagwa/kugwa tsopano, KAPENA kodi kugunda kwamphamvu kokulirakulira?"}
    B -->|"Kukula kwa rhythmic thump/shimmy (zoyipa kwambiri mukamayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mopanda phokoso mukamakwera mabuleki)"| C["Mtedza Wotayirira WA KUSEMERA MAPHUNZIRO: Signal, gombe mofatsa paphewa NTHAWI YOMWEYO; OSATI yenda mtunda wina"]
    B -->|"Phokoso lalikulu lachitsulo + mphuno limagwera pamoto OR chiwongolero chikugwedezeka mwamphamvu"| D["KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO, BALL JOINT SNAP, KAPENA KUSINTHA KWA NTCHITO YA MANGO AKUPITIRIRA"]
    D --> E["OSATI KUPITA PA BRAKE PEDAL: Gwirani gudumu mwamphamvu pa 9 & 3 o'clock; yowongoka bwino kuti galimotoyo ikhale yowongoka"]
    E --> F["Kuthamanga kwa nthenga kwa 1 mpaka 2 sec kuti muteteze mphuno-dig rollover, ndiye kukweza phazi pa gasi bwino"]
    F --> G["Yambitsani Zowunikira Zowopsa; gwiritsani ntchito Engine Downshifting (L / M-) kuti muchepe liwiro pansi pa 40 km/h (25 mph)"]
    G --> H["Kumasuka pa phewa pa liwiro lotsika; gwiritsani ntchito braking pang'onopang'ono kuti muyime; tulukani kuseri kwa guardrail & fufuzani moto wa magudumu"]

Lamulo la 'Quiet When Braking, Loud When Coasting' Lamulo Loyang'anira Mtedza Wotayirira

Madalaivala akamva nyimbo yatsopano ya thump-thump-thump ikubwera kuchokera ku gudumu lakutsogolo (nthawi zambiri patatha masiku 1 mpaka 7 mutasintha matayala a chipale chofewa, kusinthidwa mabuleki, kapena kusinthidwa tayala lakuphwa), amangogunda chonyamulira cha brake kuti awone ngati rotor yaphwanyika. **Mukanikizira chopondapo pa gudumu lokhala ndi mtedza wotayirira, mphamvu yothina ya brake caliper imakhoma gudumu molimba m'mbali motsutsana ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, kupangitsa kuti phokoso logogoda komanso kugwedezeka kuzimiririke kwakanthawi. gudumu macheka kwathunthu kudzera onse zitsulo zisanu zokopera mphindi ziwiri kenako. Kugunda kulikonse kwa gudumu komwe kumasintha kamvekedwe kapena kuzimiririka mukakhudza brake kapena pedal ya gasi ndi gudumu lotayirira lomwe latsala pang'ono kutuluka.

Kuyimitsidwa, Kuwongolera, ndi Drivetrain Kulephera Triage Matrix

Kudziwa kuti ndi chigawo chotani chomwe chinalephera pansi pa galimoto yanu kumakuuzani ngati mudakali ndi chiwongolero, ngati muli ndi mabuleki a hydraulic, ndi chifukwa chake galimotoyo silingayendetsedwe mita ina.

Kulephera Kwamakina Zizindikiro Zochenjeza Zosalephera (Masiku Kapena Mphindi Zisanachitike) Zomwe Zimachitika Panthawi Yolephera Chiwongolero Chotsalira & Kutha Kwa Mabuleki Mawonekedwe Owoneka Pamphepete mwa Msewu
Kutsekera kwa Magudumu (Zikwama Zomemeredwa kapena Mtedza Wotayirira) Zimachitika ** 10 mpaka 160 km (ma 6 mpaka 100 miles)** mutatembenuza tayala/kusintha: kugunda monyinyirika, kudina kwachitsulo, shimmy yowongolerera yomwe ** imamveka phokoso mukamayenda** komanso kungokhala phee pansi pa mabuleki / kuthamanga. Kuphulika kwakukulu kwachitsulo; ngodya imodzi yagalimoto ** imatsika 15 mpaka 20 cm ( mainchesi 6 mpaka 8) molunjika pa chitsulo cha brake rotor/chishango cha fumbi** mu shawa lamoto pamene tayala la rabala likuwomba pawindo lanu. **Chiwongolero chokhazikika pamawilo atatu otsala **; kukokera kwambiri ku ngodya yogwetsedwa; ** mabuleki a hydraulic amakhalabe osasunthika ** (pokhapokha ngati caliper itadula rotor). Bare zitsulo ananyema rotor kupuma molunjika pa phula; mabawuti achitsulo omengedwa kapena ozungulira, mabowo otsekeka m'mphepete mwake.
**Pafupi Mpira Wophatikizana Kujambula / Kupatukana ** Phokoso loboola kapena kubuula ngati matiresi akale a dzimbiri potembenuza chiwongolero pa liwiro lapang'onopang'ono la malo oimikapo magalimoto; youma * clunk * pazambiri zothamanga. Kumveka mokweza pamene mukugunda pothole, kuthamanga kwa liwiro, kapena malo olumikizira msewu; Pansi pa tayalapo amakankhira kunja mwamphamvu pa ngodya ya 30-to-45-degree ("Ka-Chow" kaimidwe) ndikumangirira muzitsulo zachitsulo. **Kuwongolera kunasokoneza kwambiri ** kumbali yolephera; KUCHITIKA KWAMBIRI KWA KUPUKA KWA BRAKE HOSE pomwe gudumu lopalasa kunja limang'amba chingwe cha rabara pakati. Gudumu lakutsogolo limapendekeka mokhotakhota mkati mwa chotchinga chophwanyidwa bwino; mkono wowongolera wapansi ukulendewera pansi ndikupala panjira; CV axle idatuluka mu boot yamafuta.
Kupatukana kwa Outer Tie Rod End Kungoyendayenda, kusewera kwa chiwongolero kosamveka pa liwiro la msewu waukulu; kuvala kosagwirizana ndi nthenga mkati kapena kunja kwa mapewa a tayala lakutsogolo; kugwedezeka pamene akugwedeza chiwongolero kumanzere kupita kumanja. Mwadzidzidzi chete kapena kuwonekera chithunzithunzi; gudumu limodzi lakutsogolo limapindika mwadzidzi madigiri 30 mkati kapena kunja palokha, zomwe zimapangitsa galimotoyo kuthamangira cham'mbali ndi utsi wonyezimira wa tayala. **Chiwongolero chimayang'anira gudumu LIMODZI LOKHA lakutsogolo ** pomwe choyimitsa choyimitsidwa chimayenda momasuka; **100 peresenti ya mabuleki a hydraulic amakhalabe osalimba **. Mawilo onse akutsogolo akadali owongoka pazigawo zawo, koma gudumu limodzi lakutsogolo limaloza kutsogolo pomwe lina limaloza chakumanzere kapena kumanja (** njiwa-chala kapena splay-footed **).
CV Axle (Half Shaft) kapena Driveshaft Failure rhythmic mokweza dinani-click-click-click kuchokera ku gudumu lakutsogolo mukamathamangira podutsa malo oimikapo magalimoto (boti ya CV yong'ambika); kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu pansi pa bolodi (yoyipa ya U-joint). Mokweza zitsulo bang pansi mathamangitsidwe; injini imawunikidwa momasuka kuti ikhalenso ndi ZERO patsogolo propulsion; ngati cholumikizira chakumbuyo chakumbuyo chitsikira kutsogolo kwa U-joint, chimatha kupondaponda ndi phula. ** 100 peresenti ya chiwongolero ndi 100 peresenti ya mabuleki a hydraulic amakhalabe osasunthika ** (pokhapokha ngati chikwapu cha shaft chikwapulidwa ndikudula payipi yoyandikana nayo). Galimoto imagudubuzika pamatayala onse anayi oongoka, koma imapachika chitsulo chosweka kapena mafuta otayika a molybdenum pansi pa chitsime; Pakani (P) SINGAgwire galimoto.
Nthawi Yosweka ya Coil (Strut Spring Fracture) Kudzimbirira kozungulira kasupe pamagalimoto okhala ndi malamba amchere; mokweza twang kapena bong amamveka ngati gitala lalikulu likudukaduka, nthawi zambiri itayimitsidwa kapena kutuluka mumsewu. Pangodya yagalimoto imathamanga ** 5 mpaka 8 masentimita (2 mpaka 3 mainchesi) **; lezala-lakuthwa wosweka kolowera nthawi zambiri baya cham'mbali mkati mwa khoma la kutsogolo kwa tayala, kuchititsa kuphulika ndi utsi nthawi yomweyo. Chiwongolero chimakhala cholimba komanso chaphokoso pamene kasupe wosweka akupera pa nsanja ya strut; tayala likhoza kung'ambika nthawi yomweyo. Galimoto imakhala yotsika pakona imodzi; Kuyang'ana mkati mwa gudumu ndikuwulula cholumikizira chachitsulo chophwanyika chokhazikika mopondapo tayala.

Gawo 1: Kuyimba mozama: Kuthamangitsidwa kwa Wheel (Zodzidzimutsa za "Wheel-Off")

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) ndi Transport Canada zofufuza zamagalimoto ndi zonyamula anthu, **kutsekera kwa magudumu ndi pafupifupi 100 peresenti yolephereka chifukwa cha anthu ** zomwe zimachitika patangochotsedwa gudumu ndikuyikidwanso kuti ligwiritse ntchito mabuleki, kusinthana kwa matayala m'nyengo yozizira / chilimwe, kapena kusintha kwa matayala amphepo yamsewu.

Chifukwa chiyani mawilo amagwa pamtunda wa makilomita 15 mpaka 150 pambuyo pa kusintha kwa tayala (Zoyambitsa 3 Zamakina)

  1. Mtedza Wamtedza Wokhala Pang'ono (Wolimba-Chala): Katswiri kapena mwini galimoto amalukira mtedza onse asanu pa magudumu ndi dzanja pamene galimoto ili m'mwamba, amatsitsa galimotoyo, ndi kusokonezedwa asanayambe kulimbitsa gudumulo ndi sikelo ya torque. Poyamba 5 mpaka 20 makilomita (3 mpaka 12 miles), kukangana kumagwira mtedza m'malo; ndiye, imodzi ndi imodzi, mtedzawo umazungulira chammbuyo kuchokera pa ulusi mpaka zingwe ziwiri zomaliza ziduka pakati pansi pa katundu wokhotakhota.
  2. Yoyimitsidwa Mopitilira Muyeso ("Mfuti Yowomberedwa Ndi Mfuti") Lug Studs: Sitolo yamatayala imamangirira mtedza ndi pneumatic kapena torque yamphamvu yopanda zingwe yopanda zingwe ku 350 mpaka 500 Newton-mita (250 mpaka 370 mapazi-mapazi) matani 40 mpaka matani 40* m'malo mwa fakitale 40* yatsopano mpaka 105 mapazi-mapaundi). Kuthamanga mopitirira muyeso kumatambasula zitsulo zamagudumu achitsulo kupitirira ** malo otsekemera (pulasitiki khosi), kumapanga ming'alu yotopa kwambiri pansi pa ulusi womwe umameta nthawi imodzi galimoto ikagunda paphonje la msewu patapita masiku angapo.
  3. Kudzimbirira, Paint, kapena Dothi Lotsekeredwa Kumbuyo kwa Magudumu Aluminiyamu Aluminiyamu ("Clamping Force Relaxation"): Mawilo a aluminiyamu amakula ndi kugwirizana ndi kutentha kwa mabuleki mowirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa zitsulo. Ngati dzimbiri zoyera za aluminiyamu-osayidi, miyala yamsewu, kapena mphete ya pulasitiki yoyiwalika ikhala pakati pa gudumu la aluminiyamu ndi chipewa chophwanyira, imaphwanyidwa ndikuphwanyidwa pamakilomita 50 mpaka 100 (makilomita 30 mpaka 60) poyendetsa**, ndikuchotsa zonse zomwe zidalipo nthawi yomweyo. mu shopu.

Protocol yopulumuka pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya Wheel Detachment yothamanga kwambiri

  1. Masekondi 0 mpaka 2 (The Drop and Spark Shower): Ngodya imodzi ya galimotoyo imagwetsa masentimita 15 ( mainchesi 6) m’mbali mwa msewu ndi mkokomo wachitsulo. Sungani manja onse okhoma 9 ndi 3 koloko pachiwongolero, musamenye chopondapo, komanso musagwedeze chiwongolero. Ngati ** gudumu lakutsogolo ** litatsekedwa, galimotoyo imakokera mwamphamvu kumbali yomwe inataya gudumu; ikani chiwongolero chosalala, cholimba (madigiri 10 mpaka 25) mbali ina yokwanira kuti mphuno yanu ikhale yolunjika pansi panjira yanu. Ngati ** gudumu lakumbuyo ** litatsekedwa, kumbuyo kwa galimoto kumatsika ndikuyesa kulowera mchira; yendetsani bwino *kulowera komwe kuli skid yakumbuyo.
  2. Masekondi 2 mpaka 6 (Kukhazikika-Kusamutsira Kulemera): Gwirani mopepuka kwa mphindi imodzi, kenako kwezani phazi lanu bwino kuchoka pa chonyamulira chothamangitsira galimotoyo kuti galimotoyo ichepe kwambiri kuchokera pakukokera kwa aerodynamic ndi kugwedezeka kwa chitsulo chopanda chitsulo chozungulira kapena chishango chafumbi pa asphalt. Dinani batani loyatsira chenjezo kuti madalaivala omwe ali m'mbuyo mwanu aziwona checheche ndikuchedwetsa musanakumenyeni kapena tayala lomwe lathawa.
  3. Masekondi 6 mpaka 15 (Kuyimitsidwa Kowongoka Kwa Line): Tsitsani kutumiza (L, S, kapena M-) kulola mabuleki a injini kuchepetsa mawilo athanzi. Liwiro la msewu likatsika pansi ** 40 km/h (25 mph)**, wongolerani pang'onopang'ono paphewa lathyathyathya (peŵani kugwetsa chitsulo chopanda kanthu pamilomo yotsetsereka yapaphewa kukhala dothi lofewa, lomwe limatha kukumba ndikutembenuza galimotoyo) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mabuleki oyenda pang'onopang'ono kuti muyime.

Gawo 2: Kulowera pansi: Mpira Wosweka Wosweka ("Suspension Collapse") vs. Snapped Tie Rod End

1. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani Mpira wa Mpira Wophatikizana ukaduka (Ndi chifukwa chake umadula mabuleki)

Pa MacPherson strut kapena kuyimitsidwa kwapatsogolo kwapawiri, Lower Ball Joint ndi cholumikizira chimodzi chozungulira chachitsulo chozungulira chomwe chimalumikiza pansi pachitsulo cholemera chowongolerera (gudumu) ku **mkono wowongolera m'munsi **. Kulemera konse kwa galimotoyo ndi mphamvu yokhota pamakona zimakhazikika pampira umodzi ndi socket.

Mpira wonyalanyazidwa, wowuma, wochita dzimbiri utuluka m'mphako mwake: 1. Pansi pa gudumu lakutsogolo kumakankhira kunja mwamphamvu (kapena kupindika pansi pa rocker panel): Guloli tsopano likulendewera chapamtunda ndi mphira wopyapyala wopindika hydraulic brake hose. 2. Tayala Limakhoma Lolimba Polimbana ndi Chotetezera: Matayala opindika amapindika m'mbali mwa ngodya ya madigirii 45 motsutsana ndi liner yamkati yachitsulo, kumachita ngati mabuleki okhoma okhoma mbali imeneyo ya galimoto. 3. Hydraulic Brake Hose Guillotine: Pamene mawilo olemetsa akulowera kunja kwa 15 centimita (6 mainchesi) kutali kuposa momwe kuyimitsira komwe kunapangidwirapo kuti ayende, nthawi zambiri amang'amba payipi yosinthika ya rabara yakutsogolo kwathunthu pakati. - Kodi izi zikutanthawuza chiyani pa chopondaponda chanu: Ngati cholumikizira mpira chidumpha ndikung'amba payipi yakutsogolo pakati, chopondapo chanu chimati miyendo pakati pa bolodi pamakina osindikizira oyamba, ndipo mungotsala ndi 50 peresenti yamphamvu yamabuleki kudzera pa diagonal hydraulic circuit (onani Kulephera kwa mabuleki poyendetsa galimoto). Pompani chopondapo katatu mpaka kanayi ndipo gwirani mwamphamvu pang'onopang'ono pomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito mabuleki a injini ndi mabuleki anu amagetsi/oyimitsa magalimoto.

2. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pamene Outer Tie Rod End iduka (Kutayika Kwachiwongolero Komwe Chiwongolero Chimodzi)

Chiwongolero chanu chimatembenuza mawilo akutsogolo kumanzere ndi kumanja pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo ziwiri zachitsulo zotchedwa Inner and Outer Tie Rods. Ngati soketi ya mpira yomwe ili ku kumapeto kwa ndodo yakunja yakumanja yatulukira pamene mukuyendetsa 90 km/h (55 mph): - Chiwongolero chanu chikadali 100 peresenti yolumikizidwa ndi **wilo lakumanzere lakumanzere **. - Komabe, **wilo lakumanja lakumanja tsopano lasiyanitsidwa ndi chiwongolero *: imayenda momasuka pamalumikizidwe ake a mpira ngati gudumu losweka la ngolo yogulitsira. - Chifukwa cha korona wamsewu ndi mayendedwe oyimitsidwa, gudumu lolumikizidwa nthawi yomweyo ** limagudubuzika mpaka kumanzere kumanzere kapena loko kumanja , kutulutsa kukoka kwakukulu kwa matayala, utsi wandiweyani wa tayala loyera, ndi kukoka mwamphamvu. - Momwe mungapulumukire ndodo yomangika: Osa kusiya chiwongolero. Ngakhale gudumu lakutsogolo likuphwanyika, **chiwongolero chanu chimayendetsabe gudumu lina lakutsogolo ** NDIPO mabuleki anu a ma hydraulic ma gudumu anayi ali 100 peresenti. Gwirani gudumu molimba, kuthyoka molunjika (kuyambitsa ABS ndi Electronic Stability Control, yomwe imangoyendetsa mabuleki akumbuyo kuti itsutse), ndikuyimitsa galimotoyo panjira kapena pamapewa nthawi yomweyo.

Gawo 3: Kuyenda Kwamsewu: Momwe Mungayang'anire Mtedza Wotayirira Kapena Mpira Wolephera Mphindi 2

Mukakokera paphewa chifukwa mumamva kugunda kwatsopano, kugunda, kapena kugwedezeka kwa chiwongolero, ** osathamangitsa mpaka mutayang'ana mawilo anayi onsewa kwa mphindi ziwiri **:

  1. Ikani pamalo okwera, ikani Mabuleki Oyimitsa Magalimoto molimba, ndikuyatsa Ma Hazard Flashers (kutuluka pakhomo la okwera kutali ndi mayendedwe apamtunda).
  2. Kuwona & Kutentha Kwamagudumu Onse 4 (OSATIKUKHUTSA chozungulira chowala):
  3. Yang'anani mwatcheru ** 5 kapena 6 mtedza wa lug ** pa gudumu lililonse:
    • Kodi mtedza umodzi kapena zingapo zikusowa kwathunthu?
    • Kodi mukuwona miyendo yachitsulo yonyezimira yasiliva kapena tinjira taufa tokhala dzimbiri ("mikwingwirima ya dzimbiri") yotulukira kunja kuchokera ku mabowo a mtedza? (Fumbi lachitsulo chonyezimira kapena mafunde a dzimbiri kuzungulira mtedza wa lug amatsimikizira kuti gudumu likuyenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pakhoma).
    • Gwirani kumbuyo kwa dzanja lanu masentimita 5 ( mainchesi 2) kuchokera pakati pa gudumu lililonse: ngati gudumu limodzi limatulutsa kutentha kwakukulu kapena kununkhiza ngati mabuleki akuyaka pamene enawo ali ozizira, gudumu lonyamula magudumu likugwira kapena caliper ikukoka.
  4. Kuwunika kwa Torque ya Lug Wrench:
  5. Tsegulani thunthu lanu, tulutsani fakitale lug wrench (chitsulo cha tayala), ndikuyiyika pa **nati iliyonse yamagudumu anayi **, ndikukankhira chakumawotchi (champhamvu-champhamvu) ndi thupi lolimba la manja awiri.
  6. Ngati mtedza ULIWONSE utembenuka mosavuta ndi dzanja kapena ndi mphamvu ya wrench yopepuka: Gudumu linali lotayirira ndipo patatsala mphindi zochepa kuti lisunthe.
  7. KUYANG'ANIRA MWACHITA MUSANAYENDE galimoto: Ngati zikwama ziwiri kapena kuposerapo zang'ambika kale, KAPENA ngati mabowo opindika pa gudumu atafufuzidwa m'mabowo ozungulira/ooneka ngati dzira kotero kuti mtedzawo usamakhale molimba, OSATIKUYANG'ANIRA GALIMOTO: zomangika kapena zomangika zimang'ambika. mu gudumu likuwulukira mumsewu. Itanani galimoto yokokera flatbed.
  8. Ngati zikwama zonse ndi mipando yopindika ili bwino komanso yosawonongeka, sungani mtedza wonse mu crisscross star pattern (1, 3, 5, 2, 4) ku torque yolemera thupi lonse (- 110 mpaka 135 Nm / 80 mpaka 100 ft-lbs), yendetsani pang'onopang'ono kupita kumalo ogulitsira matayala apafupi mkati mwa makilomita 15 (makilomita 10), ndipo muyang'anire nsonga iliyonse ndikuyatsidwa ndi wrench yowongoka.

Chifukwa chiyani 'Paki' (P) SINGAgwire Galimoto Pamene CV Axle kapena Driveshaft Yasweka

Madalaivala akamakwera phiri atamva phokoso la BANG pansi pa hood kutsatiridwa ndi kutayika kwathunthu kwagalimoto yakutsogolo (yodumphira ** kutsogolo kwa CV axle theka la shaft ** kapena kusweka kosiyana / driveshaft), mwachibadwa amayika gearshift mu P (Paki), achotse phazi lawo pa brake pedal, ndikutuluka mgalimoto. Nthawi yomwe munganyamule phazi lanu kuchoka pa brake pedal, galimotoyo imagudubuzika momasuka ndikukuphwanyani. - Chifukwa Park zimalephera pamene CV axle imodzi iduka: M'kati mwamasiyanidwe aliwonse otseguka, choyimitsa choyimitsa magalimoto chimatseka giya la mphete, lomwe limapangitsa kuti galimotoyo isasunthike pokhapokha bola ngati ma axle akumanzere ndi kumanja alumikizidwa ndi mawilo pansi. Ngati **msewu wakutsogolo wa CV udumphira pakati **, chosweka mkati mwake chimazungulira momasuka mkati mwa mlengalenga, kulola kuti ** gudumu lakumanzere lakumanzere ligubudukire chammbuyo kapena kutsogolo ndi zero kukana ** ngakhale chotchingacho chatsekedwa mkati. P (Paka). - Lamulo Loyenera: Nthawi iliyonse galimoto yanu ikasiya kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kuyimitsidwa kapena kuyimitsidwa, NTHAWI ZONSE gwirani ndi Buleki Yoyimitsa Makina kapena Yamagetsi ((P)) mosasunthika MUSANASIKE ku Park ndi MUSANATSUZE phazi lako pa brake ya phazi (chifukwa mabuleki oimikapo magalimoto amakhoma ma gudumu akumbuyo molunjika, kudutsa ekseli yakutsogolo yosweka).

Mndandanda Wachitetezo: Kuyimitsa Magudumu Ndi Kuyimitsidwa Kumagwa Zisanachitike

  1. Zofunikira "50-to-100 Kilometer (30-to-60 Mile) Re-Torque Rule" Pambuyo pa Magudumu Amtundu Wonse: Nthawi iliyonse gudumu likachotsedwa ndikuyikidwanso m'galimoto yanu (pakusintha matayala a chipale chofewa, matayala atsopano, zosinthira mabuleki, kapena kusintha matayala m'mphepete mwa msewu), ** khalani ndi mawotchi owongolera mutayendetsa galimoto Makilomita 50 mpaka 100 (makilomita 30 mpaka 60)**. Makina apamwamba a digito kapena kudina-mtundu wa ½-inch drive torque wrench amawononga $40 mpaka $60 USD ndipo amakhala mu thunthu lililonse.
  2. Osadzola Mafuta Kapena Oletsa Kugwira Ulusi Wa Wheel Stud (Pokhapokha Wanenedweratu Ndi Wopanga): Pafupifupi ma torque amagalimoto onse okwera (100 to 140 Nm) amawerengeredwa ku **ulusi wachitsulo wosayera, wowuma ndi mafupa **. Kupaka girisi, mafuta a galimoto, kapena phala la anti-seize pa ulusi wa wheel stud kumachepetsa kugundana kwa ulusi ndi 40 peresenti, kutanthauza kuti mukamanga mtedzawo. 130 Nm, mumatambasula chitsulocho pafupifupi kuwirikiza kuwirikiza kwake, ndikudula chitsulocho pansi pa msewu waukulu.
  3. Musanyalanyaze Malo Oyimitsa Magalimoto Othamanga Kwambiri: Mpira wam'munsi ukataya mafuta ake amkati ndikuyamba dzimbiri mkati mwa soketi yake, umapanga phokoso lodziwika bwino ** (monga ngalawa yakale yamatabwa kapena chitseko cha dzimbiri) mukakhota chiwongolero ndikutsata njira yolowera * ndikutuluka mumsewu. zopinga. Khalani ndi chowotcha chilichonse chakutsogolo kapena chowongoleredwa pachokwera mkati mwa maola 48; Kusintha mpira womwe wawonongeka kumawononga $ 150 mpaka $ 350, pomwe mpirawo ukadumpha pa liwiro la msewu waukulu umaphatikiza chotchingira, ekseli, brake line, ndi mkono wowongolera kapena kuyambitsa ngozi yowopsa.

Tip

Konzekerani galimoto yanu ndi wrench ya torque ya ½-inch, makona atatu owoneka bwino, ndi zida zamagalimoto zadzidzidzi, ndipo ganizirani kumaliza maphunziro ovomerezeka a First Aid ndi CPR kuchokera ku Red Cross kapena St John Ambulance kotero kuti mwakonzeka kuyang'anira zochitika zadzidzidzi zamakina ndi zachipatala.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi

Kodi gudumu lotayirira (monga wa mtedza) limamveka komanso kumva ngati gudumu lisanagwe?

Gudumu lomasula limatulutsa chenjezo lodziwika la magawo atatu pamtunda wa makilomita 5 mpaka 50 (makilomita 3 mpaka 30): choyamba, kamvekedwe kake kakukomoka kapena kamvekedwe kamene kamathamanga kwambiri pamene mukuyendetsa; chachiwiri, kugunda kwamphamvu kozungulira kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komwe kumamveka kudzera pachiwongolero ndi pansi komwe kumakhala ngati kuyendetsa tayala lozungulira; ndi chachitatu, siginecha matenda chidziwitso: ndi kugunda ndi kugwedera kwa kanthawi chete pansi pamene inu akanikizire ananyema chopondaponda kapena Imathandizira kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kubwerera kawiri mokweza pamene inu kukweza phazi lanu ku gombe. Ngati mukumva izi, kokerani paphewa nthawi yomweyo osayendetsa mphindi ina.

Kodi galimoto ingagwedezeke ngati gudumu lagwa kapena cholumikizira cha mpira wam'munsi chikuduka mumsewu waukulu?

Galimoto yonyamula anthu kapena SUV imatsetsereka molunjika pamalo otetezeka pamawilo atatu ndi rotor yake yopanda chitsulo * bola ngati dalaivala angolunjika kutsogolo ndipo samagunda mabuleki kapena kuyimitsa chiwongolero *. Ma rollovers panthawi ya gudumu kapena kugwa kwa mpira kumachitika pamene dalaivala yemwe ali ndi mantha akuponda pa brake pedal (kukweza mphuno yolemera kwambiri pa mkono woyendetsa zitsulo kotero kuti imalowa mumng'alu kapena phewa lofewa) kapena kukonza chiwongolero, kuchititsa galimotoyo kutsetsereka cham'mbali ndikudutsa matayala ake otsala.

Kodi ndi bwino kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono mtunda wa makilomita atatu (2 mailosi) kukafika kumalo okonzerako ngati palibe mtedza umodzi kapena zokokera mawilo?

Zimatengera chifukwa chomwe 1 stud kapena mtedza ukusowa komanso ngati mtedza 4 wotsalawo ndi wothina 100 peresenti. Ngati chiboliboli chimodzi chaduka pakusintha kwa tayala mumsewu ndipo ena 4 oyandikana nawo mtedzawo amawomberedwa moyenera kuti adziwike pazitsulo zomwe sizinawonongeke, galimoto yonyamula anthu 5-lug imatha kuyendetsedwa mosamala pa liwiro lotsika la mzinda (pansi pa 50 km/h kapena 30 mph, kupewa maenje a m'sitolo ndi kukonzanso zokhotakhota zapafupi). Komabe, ngati 1 stud idathyola *pamene mukuyendetsa* chifukwa mtedza wonse wamtunduwu unamasuka, zotsalira za 4 zotsalazo zapindika kale ndikutopa ndi gudumu logwedezeka ndipo zidzameta motsatizana; osayiyendetsa, ndipo itanani galimoto yokokera.

N'chifukwa chiyani magulu a mpira wapansi nthawi zambiri amawombera m'malo oimika magalimoto, m'njira zoyendetsera galimoto, kapena akamagunda pothole?

Mpira wam'munsi umakhala ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri komanso kumeta ubweya wokhotakhota pamene mawilo akutsogolo atembenuzidwa molunjika kumalo owongolera (monga kuchoka pamalo oimikapo magalimoto kapena kutembenukira mumsewu) kapena kugunda phokoso lakuthwa lomwe limagwetsera pansi mkono wowongolera pansi ndikugwedezeka. Pomwe kudumpha pamalo oimikapo magalimoto pa 8 km/h (5 mph) ndi dalitso pobisalira poyerekeza ndi kudumpha pakati pa 110 km/h (70 mph), cholumikizira cha mpira chomwe chimabuula kapena kuyimitsidwa pamalo oimikapo magalimoto chimatha kupatukana pa liwiro la msewu waukulu mukagunda cholumikizira chokulitsa mlatho.

Magwero afufuzidwa

  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) & National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) (United States): Kufufuza Zachitetezo pa Kulekanitsa Magudumu Okwera Magalimoto Amalonda ("Wheel-Off" Fastener Preload Loss, Stud Fatigue, and Suspension Ball Joint Recall Bulletins).
  • Transport Canada & Royal Automobile Club (RAC) (Canada / United Kingdom): Malangizo a Nyengo ya Matayala a Kusintha kwa Wheel Fastener Re-Torque, Kuzindikira Zizindikiro za Loose Lug Nut, ndi Kubwezeretsa Mwadzidzidzi M'mphepete mwa msewu.
  • Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International): SAE J1992 / Wheel Bolted Joint Mechanics, Clamping Load Relaxation pa Aluminium Wheels, and Suspension Kinematics Under Asymmetric Corner Collapse.
  • American Automobile Association (AAA) (United States / Canada): Njira Zowongolera Zadzidzidzi ndi Kuchepetsa Kuyimitsidwa Kwangozi, Kulumikizana Kowongolera, ndi Kulephera Kwa Magudumu pa Highway Speed.

Maupangiri ogwirizana