Wood Chipper ndi Stump Grinder Feed-Roller Safety¶

Zopukutira maburashi amalonda ndi zopukutira zitsa za carbide zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mitengo, kuloledwa kwa mizere, nkhalango zamatauni, ndikuchotsa mitengo yanyumba zimaphatikiza ma roller apamwamba kwambiri a torque hydraulic crushing okhala ndi misonkhano yodula yozungulira kwambiri. M'kati mwa thabwa kapena drum wood chipper, ma hydraulic awiri otsutsana omwe ali ndi mano odzigudubuza (mawilo odyetsa) gwirani nthambi za mtengo ndikuzikokera mkati mwa 0.6 mpaka 1.0 metres pa sekondi imodzi (2 mpaka 3.3 mapazi pamphindi) molunjika mu chitsulo cholimba flywheel disc kapena drum0000 640 gram kulemera kwa 640 gram = 40 to 620 g Mapaundi 1,430)** omwe amazungulira 1,000 mpaka 2,200 pa mphindi (RPM). Pakafukufuku wokhudza kuphedwa kwamitengo yamitengo ndi OSHA, NIOSH, ndi UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE), zolakwika zinayi zowopsa zomwe zimapha pafupifupi anthu onse ovulala pamatabwa ndi chopukusira matabwa: (1) kudutsa m'mphepete mwa tebulo la chute ndi manja kapena mapazi m'malo mwake kukankhira chotupa chamatabwa chopukutira (2) kuvala magolovu opindika, manja omasuka, kapena zipewa za chisoti zosadulidwa zomwe zimakakamira pazitsamba zolimba za nthambi pomwe nthambi imathamangira m'ma roller, (3) kulola chingwe chokwerera chokwera kapena chingwe chomangirira kuti chigwedezeke ndi burashi kulowa m'chipper, kupyola zingwe 6 pa mita imodzi kudulira zingwe 6 pa sekondi imodzi. (mamita 20 mpaka 60 pa sekondi iliyonse)* ndikudula mutu kapena kudula wina aliyense amene waima pa chingwe, ndi (4) kuyenda kutsogolo kapena pafupi ndi gudumu lodulira chitsa pomwe mano osweka a tungsten-carbide kapena miyala yokwiriridwa amayambika pa liwiro la makilomita oposa 150 pa ola (makilomita 93 pa ola). Ngati wina wagwidwa ndi chopukusira nkhuni, kugundidwa ndi chitsa, kapena kuvulazidwa ndi chingwe choduka, imbani nambala yanu yadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom, 000 ku Australia, 111 ku New Zealand) kapena funsani buku lathu lapadziko lonse la manambala angozi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudzana ndi chisamaliro chamitengo ndi zoopsa, werengani malangizo athu nkhuni zamatabwa, kutsekeka kwa zingwe, ndi kudyetsa chute chitetezo bar triage, kuyenda-kumbuyo kwa trencher, chopukusira chitsa, ndi kubowola molunjika, makickback chainsaw, ma chain brake, ndi ma ballistic nayiloni chaps,ndi magazi kwambiri ndi windlas tourniquet ntchito.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. KUKANKHANI 3-mbali-mbali zowongolera panic bar (FORWARD kulunjika ku mipeni) kapena kukoka zingwe zadzidzidzi za Last-Chance mkati mwa chute nthawi yomweyo kuti ziyime ndikutembenuza ma hydraulic feed rollers: Pa chilichonse ANSI Z133 / EN 13525 chopukutira burashi chogwirizana, kukankhira chowongolera chozungulira ** kutali ndi inu (kumakina)*** kusuntha ma hydraulic ma hydraulic roller, REVER valve hydraulic kunja. Kukokera bar kwa inu kumatengera chakudya chamtsogolo.
2. Chotsani chotchinga chodula cha PTO ndikutembenuza kiyi yoyatsira injini ya dizilo kuti OFF Musanayese kumasula dzanja kapena mkono womwe wagwidwa: Ngakhale ma hydraulic feed rollers atayima kapena kubwerera kumbuyo, chodulira cholemera kwambiri chachitsulo kapena ng'oma kuseri kwa zodzigudubuza ** imayenda mozungulira kwambiri kwa mphindi ziwiri mpaka 5 zathunthu**. Osafika kuseri kwa zodzigudubuza zodyetsa mpaka gudumu lodulira layima kwathunthu ndipo kiyi yoyatsira ili mthumba mwanu.
3. Ngati dzanja kapena mkono waphwanyidwa ndikukanikizidwa mkati mwa zodzigudubuza za hydraulic feed, chepetsani kutsika kwa hydraulic spring/silinda pogwiritsa ntchito jack kapena valavu ya hydraulic yoke-lift: Osakoka mokakamiza pa chiwalo chomwe chili pakati pa zodzigudubuza zachitsulo, zomwe zimadula khungu ndi misozi ya mitsempha. Gwiritsani ntchito chipper hydraulic feed-wheel lift cylinder lever (kapena jack/crowbar yokhala ndi matabwa) kuti mukweze chogudubuza chapamwamba cha chakudyacho kuchokera pa nthambi yomwe yatsekeredwa.
4. Ikani choyendera cha CoTCCC windlass tourniquet 5 mpaka 8 centimita (2 mpaka 3 mainchesi) pamwamba pa kudulidwa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kapena kugunda kwa chingwe chothamanga kwambiri: Ngati chiwalo chidulidwe ndi zodzigudubuza, mipeni yodulira, kapena chingwe chokwera pamwamba pa chingwe champhepo, tambasulani chingwe chakumtunda, tambasulani chingwe champhepo. Pantchafu pamwamba pa chovulalacho, pindani ndodoyo mpaka kutuluka kwa magazi kofiira kowala kulekeretu, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mpikisano wachiwiri pamwamba pa woyamba ngati magazi akupitirira.
5. Mukamenyedwa ndi chitsa kapena kuvulala kwa dzino la carbide, kumasula wogwirizirayo, khazikitsani chinthu chilichonse chopachikidwa pamalo ake, ndikunyamula zilonda zakuya: Musatulutse dzino losweka la tungsten-carbide kapena bawuti yachitsulo kumaso, khosi, pachifuwa, kapena mwendo. Kuti muchepetse ntchafu zakuya kapena ntchafu kuchokera pa gudumu lopukusira chitsa, gwiritsani ntchito ntchafu yothamanga kwambiri komanso yolimba kwambiri kapena sungani mwamphamvu ntchafu ya ntchafu ndi hemostatic Z-fold gauze ndipo gwirani mphindi zisanu za kukakamiza kwa manja awiri.
6. Phatikizani zala zilizonse zoduka, manja, kapena miyendo pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "Dry-Cool-Indirect" yokhala ndi matumba awiri pobzalanso mwachisawawa: Tsukani timitengo tating'ono ting'onoting'ono pamagawo odulidwawo pang'onopang'ono ndi saline wosabala, ndikukulungani yonyowa ndi yopyapyala yopyapyala, isindikize mumtsuko wamadzi* wowuma, sungani mkati mwa thumba lamadzi* lowuma. ndi ** 50/50 slurry ya ayezi wophwanyidwa ndi madzi ozizira ** (osayika minofu mwachindunji pa ayezi wopanda kanthu).

Mtengo wachigamulo: kukoka matabwa a nkhuni, kuyamwa kwa zingwe, ndi kuyesa chitsa chopukutira¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Wood Chipper kapena Stump Grinder Emergency: Feed-Roller Snag, Rope Snap, kapena Wheel Strike"] --> StopFeed["1. ZOCHITIKA ZONSE ZOTHANDIZA & KUSINTHA MPHAMVU: 1. Chipper: SLAM 3-Sided Panic Bar FORWARD (Kulowera ku Chute) KUSINTHA ZONSE Zopangira Zakudya Kapena Kokani Zingwe Zam'kati Zomaliza 2. Disengage Cutter Clutch & Turn Engine Key OFF 3. Stump Grinder: & Release Dead LeS-Hitman ES"]

    StopFeed --> InjuryMech{"2. Kodi njira yovulazidwa yomwe wovulalayo amachitira ndi chiyani?"}

    InjuryMech -->|"1. DZANJA/MKONO WOphwanyidwa & KUPINDIKIKA MKATI ZOGOLOLA ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO AMANO"| RollerExtricate["PROTOCOL YA FEED-ROLLER EXTRICATION: 1. Dikirani Mpaka Odzigudubuza Adzatsekedwa Atayimitsidwa & Injini Izimitsidwa (Chenjerani ndi Coasting Cutter Disc Behind Rollers) 2. Ikani Proximal Windlass Tourniquet ku Upper Arm MUSATI Kukweza Roller Ngati Limb Imapangidwa ndi Mangled 3. Uke Uke Top Jack Yokwera kapena Yokwera Yokwera Kwambiri Kugona"]

    InjuryMech -->|"2. KUSINTHA KWAMBIRI KAPENA KUVUTIKA KWACHINONGA-LOOP"| AmputationCare["NTCHITO YOYAMBA NDI KUBWERETSA: 1. Lamba la CoTCCC Windlass Tourniquet 5 mpaka 8 cm Pamwamba pa Chitsa (Kapena Chokwera & Cholimba mu Groin/Axilla) 2. Ikani Mabala a Junctional Groin/Mapewa Okhala ndi Hemostatic Gauze + 5 Min Direct Pressure 3. Pachikwama Chopukutira Chopukutira Pagawo la Baguze Madzi oundana a Ice"]

    InjuryMech -->|"3. CHITSANZO CHOKUGULA WHEEL LACERATION KAPENA CARBIDE TOOTH SHRAPNEL"| StumpCare["STUMP GRINDER & BALLISTIC SHRAPNEL PROTOCOL: 1. Ikani Tourniquet kwa Lacerations Yakuya Pansi Pansi 2. MUSAMAtulutse Mano Ophatikizidwa a Carbide Kapena Zidutswa Zamwala Pamaso / Pakhosi / Pachifuwa (Khalani Pamalo) 3. Chitani Pansi pa Open-Globe-Globe-Eye Eye Traumat 9 / St. 112/999"]

Kusambira mozama 1: Makina opangidwa ndi chopukutira burashi ndi fizikiki ya feed-roller draw-in¶

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kapena kupulumutsa pamalo opangira matabwa mosamala, muyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa misonkhano iwiri yozungulira mkati mwa makinawo:

1. The Hydraulic Feed Rollers vs. High-Inertia Cutter Disc/Drum¶

1. Gawo 1: The Infeed Table ndi Hydraulic Feed Rollers (60 to 120 centimeters mkati mwa chute):
2. Pa mmero wa fupa la infeed khalani ng'oma imodzi kapena ziwiri zopingasa zachitsulo zokhala ndi mano zitsulo zonyezimira kapena zotsekera, zoyendetsedwa ndi ma mota a hydraulic motsogola komanso kukanikizidwa pansi ndi akasupe a koyilo olemera ndi masilinda a hydraulic.
3. Ntchito yawo ndikuphwanya nthambi zamitengo zazikulu, zotumbululuka ndikuzikokera pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa 0.6 mpaka 1.0 metres pamphindi (mamita 2 mpaka 3.3 pa sekondi).
4. Gawo 2: The Cutter Disc kapena Cutter Drum (Immediately behind the feed rollers):
5. Masentimita chabe kuseri kwa zodzigudubuza chakudya amapota chitsulo chodulira chitsulo chachikulu (chokhazikika pa ngodya ya 45-degree ku nkhuni) kapena ng'oma yodula yozungulira, yokhala ndi zitsulo zolimba mipeni ya chipper yozungulira 1,000 mpaka 2,200 RPM.
6. The Fatal Coast-Down Trap: Ngakhale mutatembenuza kiyi ya injini ya dizilo kwathunthu OFF, disiki yodula zitsulo yolemera makilogalamu 400 (880-pounds) yomwe imazungulira pa 1,500 RPM imagwira ntchito ngati gudumu lalikulu lamphamvu la kinetic. Idzapitirizabe kupota mwakachetechete mkati mwa chitsulo chachitsulo kwa mphindi 2 mpaka 5 injini itayima. Kutsegula chodulira chotchinga musanatsimikize kudzera pa doko loyang'ana shaft kuti kuzungulira kwafika ziro RPM kumapangitsa kuti mudulidwe msanga.

====================================================================================
     WOOD CHIPPER SAFETY CONTROLS & THE "FEED FROM THE SIDE + PUSH PADDLE" RULE
====================================================================================

                      [3-Sided Wrap-Around Control Bar]
                      * PUSH FORWARD (-->) = REVERSE.
                      * CENTER     (|)   = STOP.
                      * PULL BACK  (<--) = FORWARD FEED
                                     ||
                                     vv
       [Cutter Disc/Drum]    [Toothed Feed Rollers]     [Infeed Chute Table]
      +------------------+---------------------------+------------------------+
      |   (1,500 RPM)    |      ( ) Top Roller       |  [Internal Last-Chance]|
      |    / / / / /     |  <===                     |  [   Pull Cables      ]|
      |   / Knives /     |      ( ) Bottom Roller    |  <--- Feed Brush Here  |
      +------------------+---------------------------+------------------------+
                                                                 |
                                                                 |
        * OPERATOR STANDS TO THE SIDE OF THE CHUTE (Never Directly Behind.)
        * FEED BUTT END (CUT END) FIRST -> Turn & Walk Away Toward Roadside.
        * USE A WOODEN PUSH PADDLE for short branches (NEVER reach inside chute.).
====================================================================================

2. Chifukwa Chake Ogwiritsa Ntchito Amakokedwa mu Zodzigudubuza Zodyetsa: Njira Zinayi za Snag¶

1. Kudyetsa Nthambi Zokhala ndi Mafoloko-Choyamba M'malo mwa Butt-First:
2. Mukayika nsonga ya masamba anthambi mu zodzigudubuza poyamba, nthambi zolimba zolimba zomwe zatuluka m'matako okhuthala zimasesa mkati mwake ngati msampha wa chimbalangondo chotseka pamene nthambiyo imalowa mu chute, ndikumangirira lamba la woyendetsa manja, m'chiuno, kapena lachipewa.
3. Lamulo Loyenera: Nthawi zonse dyetsani mapeto akundiweta (kumapeto kwa matako) a nthambi m'zodzigudubuza kaye kuti nthambi zonse zam'mbali ziloze cham'mbuyo ndikupinda mkati motalikirana ndi thupi lanu.
4. Kuyimilira Kuseri kwa Chute Chakudya M'malo mokhala Pakona Yam'mbali:
5. Pamene nthambi yokhotakhota kapena yokhotakhota yaphwanyidwa pakati pa ma hydraulic feed rollers, matako otuluka kunja kwa chute amatha ** kukwapula mwamphamvu m'mbali, mmwamba, kapena pansi ** ndi mazana mapaundi a mphamvu zamakina. Kuyimirira kumbuyo kwapakati pa tebulo lodyetserako kumakulowetsani njira yolunjika yakukwapula miyendo ndikulunjika pamzere woti mugwetsedwe pansi pa chute ngati mutagwidwa.
6. ** Lamulo Loyenera: ** Dyetsani kuchokera ku ** ngodya yam'mbali ** ya tebulo lothandizira, kumasula nthambi nthawi yomweyo ma rollers aluma, nthawi yomweyo ** tembenuzirani madigiri 90 kuchoka pa chute , ndikupita ku mulu wa burashi ("Dyetsani, Tulutsani, Tembenukirani, ndi Kuchokapo"**).
7. Magolovesi Opangidwa ndi Gauntlet Ndi Zovala Zotayirira:
8. Magolovesi achikopa achikopa otalikirapo amakhala ndi fupa lotseguka padzanja lomwe limagwira pamitengo yosweka yotuluka panthambi yosuntha. Chifukwa nthambi ikupita mkati 1 mita pa sekondi imodzi (mamita 3.3 pa sekondi), wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe waima m'mphepete mwa tebulo la 1.2-mita (4-foot) ali ndi masekondi 1.0 mpaka 1.2 glovu yawo yotsekedwa isanafike mano achitsulo.
9. Lamulo Lokakamizika: Valani magolovu ogwirira ntchito osagwira bwino omwe ali mkati mwa manja zotanuka (kapena magolovesi okhala ndi ma Velcro cuffs odukaduka), ikani malaya onse mkati, ndipo musamavale zingwe zokwera zokhala ndi malupu olendewera kapena zomangira podyetsa chipper.
10. Kufikira mu Chute Kuti Mukankhire Ma Rakings Afupi ("Msampha Womaliza Woyeretsa"):
11. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse odula manja osapha m'mabokosi opangira maburashi amachitika mphindi 10 zomaliza za ntchito pomwe wogwira ntchito atola nthambi zazifupi zazifupi, timitengo ta minga/minga, ndi masamba otchetcha** ndikufika m'manja mwawo mkati mwazitsulo zachitsulo kuti azikankhira muzogudubuza.
12. Lamulo Loyenera: Osayika manja, mikono, kapena mapazi anu kupyola mlomo wakunja wa tebulo lodyetsedwa. Kanikizani burashi lalifupi kapena ma rakings mu zodzigudubuza pogwiritsa ntchito **pang'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tamatabwa ** kapena poika timitengo tating'ono pamwamba pa nthambi yayitali yoperekera nsembe ndikulola nthambi yayitali kuti ilowemo.

Kuzama 2: Zowopsa za chopukusira, zida za mano za carbide, kubweza, ndi zida zokwiriridwa¶

Pomwe opanga matabwa amakoka zinthu ** mkati **, zodziyendetsa zokha komanso zoyenda kumbuyo zopukusira tsinde zikugwedezeka ndi gudumu lolemera lachitsulo choyimirira lomwe lili ndi bawuti mano a tungsten-carbide cham'mbali kudutsa chitsa chowonekera pa 800 mpaka 1,500 RPM:

1. Njira Zitatu Zopukutira Chitsa Chakuvulala¶

1. Mano Othamanga Kwambiri a Carbide ndi Rock Ricochet (30-Meter / 100-Foot Danger Zone):
2. Zitsa zamitengo zimamera mozungulira miyala yokwiriridwa, zidutswa za konkriti, waya wotchinga, ndi misomali yachitsulo. Dzino lozungulira la tungsten-carbide likagunda mwala kapena chitsulo chobisika mkati mwa dothi lamoto, thanthwelo limaponyedwa kutsogolo pa 150+ km/h (93+ mph) kapena nsonga yamkuwa ya carbide imathyola chonyamula dzino ndikuwulukira kunja ngati chipolopolo chamfuti.
3. Lamulo: Sungani onse omwe ali pafupi, oyenda pansi, ndi magalimoto osachepera 15 mpaka 30 metres (mamita 50 mpaka 100) kuchokera pa chopukusira, ikani zotchinga zotchinga za ma mesh / zishango za plywood pogaya pafupi ndi misewu kapena mazenera agalasi, ndipo musamagwire ntchito ndi makatani am'mbali ong'ambika.
4. Walk-Behind Stump Grinder Climb-Cut Kickback:
5. Zogaya zing'onozing'ono zonyamulika zoyenda kuseri kwa chitsa zimafuna woyendetsa kuti azikhomerera zogwirira ntchito motsatana pachitsa. Ngati woyendetsayo alowetsa kutsogolo/kumtunda kwa gudumu mozama kwambiri muzu m'malo mosesa m'mphepete mwapansi pang'onopang'ono kudutsa pamwamba pa 2.5 mpaka 5 centimita (inchi 1 mpaka 2) ya matabwa, gudumu limakwera pa chitsa ndi mapapo mwamphamvu chammbuyo kapena cham'mbali, ndikugwetsa woyendetsa.
6. Mizere Ya Gasi Yokwiriridwa Mozama Kwambiri, Ma Cable Optic Fiber-Optic, ndi Ma Conductor Amagetsi Oyambira:
7. Madontho a ntchito zothandizira (mizere yamagetsi achilengedwe a polyethylene, zingwe zamagetsi zokhalamo 120/240V, ndi mawayilesi olumikizirana) nthawi zambiri zimakwiriridwa 15 mpaka 45 centimita (6 mpaka 18 mainchesi) pansi pa kapinga ndipo zimakutidwa ndi kumera mizu yamitengo.
8. Lamulo Loyenera Lopeza Zogwiritsira Ntchito Pogaya: Osagaya chitsa osatchula 811 (United States / Canada), 1100 (Australia), kapena kuyang'ana mamapu ogwiritsira ntchito dziko maola osachepera 48 mpaka 72 maola okwiriridwa a gasi ndi magetsi amalembedwa paudzu.

====================================================================================
      STUMP GRINDER EXCLUSION ZONE & PROPER CUTTING WHEEL SWEEP GEOMETRY
====================================================================================

                      [OPERATOR AT DEADMAN CONTROLS]
                      (Behind Lexan Shield / Curtain)
                                    ||
              +---------------------+---------------------+
              |     15 to 30 Meter (50 to 100 Foot)       |
              |        Bystander Exclusion Radius         |
              |                                           |
              |         [Spinning Carbide Wheel]          |
              |                 (( (*) ))                 |
              |            <--- Sweep 2-5 cm --->         |
              |               /===========\               |
              |              /  TREE STUMP \              |
              +-------------------------------------------+
                   /                |                \
                  v                 v                 v
        [High-Velocity Rock & Carbide Tooth Ricochet Cone (Front & Sides)]
====================================================================================

Kuzama 3: Chisamaliro cha Prehospital trauma pakuvulala kwa chipper ndi chitsa¶

Poyankha kuvulala kwa nkhuni kapena chopukusira, opulumutsa amakumana ndi zovuta zachipatala katatu:

1. Kusamalira Kutaya Kwakukulu Kwambiri Ndi Miyendo Yophwanyidwa/Yosweka¶

1. Chifukwa Chake Mabala Ophwanyidwa Odzigudubuza Atha Kutuluka Mwachinyengo Pang'onopang'ono Poyamba, Kenako Kuphulika:
2. Dzanja kapena mkono ukakokedwa pakati pa ma spiked hydraulic feed rollers pansi pa 1,000+ kilograms of clamping force, mitsempha ya radial ndi ulnar imaphwanyidwa ndikutambasulidwa. Poyamba, kupanikizana kwa chotengera ndi kupanikizana kungathe kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi.
3. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo hydraulic roller ikatulutsidwa m'manja (kapena ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera), mitsempha yong'ambika imatha kutseguka ndikutulutsa magazi mwachangu.
4. Protocol: Ikani CoTCCC windlass tourniquet pamwamba pa mkono kapena ntchafu Musananyamule chogudubuza cha hydraulic feed roller pa mwendo wopindika. Ngati chiwalo chakokedwa kale kapena kudulidwa, limbitsani tourniquet 5 mpaka 8 centimita (2 mpaka 3 mainchesi) pamwamba pa bala (kapena **Yapamwamba ndi Yolimba ** mukhwapa/pamimba ngati chilondacho chikudutsa pachigongono kapena bondo) mpaka magazi onse ofiira owala atha.
5. Chipatso cha Woodchip, Khungwa, ndi Dothi Kuipitsidwa (Tetanus and Polymicrobial Sepsis Risk):
6. Mabala omwe amachititsidwa ndi otchera matabwa ndi opera chitsa amayendetsa zidutswa za khungwa, mabakiteriya a m'nthaka (Clostridium tetani, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, ndi tizilombo ta mafangasi) mkati mwa ndege zophwanyika.
7. Pa Scene: Musamachite OSATI kuthera nthawi mukutola tizidutswa ta nkhuni kuchokera pabala lotuluka magazi kapena kuthira hydrogen peroxide/mowa mkati, zomwe zimachedwetsa kunyamula ndi kutulutsa magazi opulumutsa moyo. Yesetsani kukhetsa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito ma tourniquet kapena steril pressure dressing, tambanizani mwendo wosweka, ndi kulola maopaleshoni opwetekedwa mtima kuti awononge kwambiri m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni ndi kupereka mankhwala a IV amitundumitundu ndi kafumbata.

2. Kuwotcha kwa Rope-Snap, Degloving, ndi Blunt Torso Trauma¶

Wogwira ntchito pansi akakanthidwa kapena kugwedezeka ndi mzere wokwera wolowetsedwa mu chipper: - Kukhuthala Kwachingwe Kwambiri Kuwotcha ndi Mkombero/Magololovu: Chingwe chopangidwa chomwe chimathamanga kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito magolovesi kapena manja opanda manja a wogwira ntchito pa 15 metres pamphindikati chimatentha kupitirira 250 digiri Celsius (482 degrees Fahrenheit) mwa kukangana, kutsetsereka mpaka ku flexor synthetic flexor synthetic. Muziziziritsa motowo ndi madzi aukhondo oyendamo kapena saline kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 20, musamasenda pulasitiki yopangidwa ndi magolovu osungunuka kuchokera ku minofu yaiwisi, ndikukulunga momasuka muzovala zosamata. - High-Energy Blunt Acceleration Trauma: Ngati chingwe chinamuchotsa kumapazi ndi kuwaponyera pazitsulo kapena pansi, sungani kukhazikika kwa msana wa khomo lachiberekero, kuyang'anira kuthyoka kwa chiuno, chifuwa, kapena kupsinjika kwa pneumothorax, ndipo sungani wodwalayo ndi kutentha.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi mumakankhira njira yotani chotetezera nkhuni ngati dzanja la munthu wina kapena magolovesi agwidwa muzodzigudubuza?¶

Pa tchipisi chilichonse chodziwika bwino cha burashi (`ANSI Z133` / `EN 13525`), muyenera **KUKUKULA chowongolera chambali-3 mozungulira kutsogolo kwa makina (mu chute)** kuti muyime ndi **KUBWERETSA ** zodzigudubuza za hydraulic feed. Kukokera bar cham'mbuyo kunjira kumapereka chakudya chamtsogolo. Izi zimapangidwira kotero kuti ngati wogwiritsa ntchito agwedezeka ndikukokera kutsogolo kutsogolo kwa chute, chifuwa kapena mkono wake umagunda pazitsulo ndikukankhira kutsogolo kutsogolo. Kuonjezera apo, kukoka zingwe zachitsulo za ** Last-Chance zitsulo zopachikidwa mkati mwa denga la chute ** zidzayendetsanso valavu ya hydraulic kuti iyime / kubwerera.

Kodi munthu wokwera mitengo angaphe bwanji wogwira ntchito pafupi ndi chopala nkhuni popanda wogwira ntchitoyo kukhudza makinawo?¶

Ngati mchira womwe umakhala kumapeto kwa mzere wokwerera wopangira kapena chingwe chomangirira chikumangirira munthambi zowunjikana ndikudyetsedwa kudzera mu ma hydraulic feed rollers, imalumikizana ndi **1,500 RPM yodula mwachangu ng'oma kapena disc ** nthawi yomweyo kuseri kwa odzigudubuza. Ng'oma yopota imamangirira chingwe mmwamba pa **12 mpaka 18 mamita pamphindi (mamita 40 mpaka 60 pa sekondi)**, mofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti chingwecho chimakhala chikwapu chosaoneka chapamwamba. Wogwira ntchito pansi aliyense atayima mu chingwe cha chingwecho pamtunda, kapena wokwerapo atamangiriridwa mumtengo wina, amalowetsedwa muzitsulo zachitsulo mu ** zosakwana masekondi 0.25 **. Musalole chingwe chilichonse mkati mwa **3 mpaka 5 mita (mamita 10 mpaka 15)** kuchokera pa njira ya chipper.

Chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kudyetsa nthambi mu chipolopolo cha nkhuni chodulidwa (kumapeto) choyamba ndikuyima chammbali?¶

Kudyetsa **mapeto odulidwa kwambiri (mapeto a matako)** choyamba onetsetsani kuti ziwalo zonse zing'onozing'ono zam'mbali zikuloza chammbuyo kutali ndi zodzigudubuza ndi pindani bwino mkati monga kutseka ambulera pamene nthambi imakokedwa. Kuyimirira pa ** ngodya yam'mbali ya tebulo lodyetserako chakudya ** (m'malo molunjika kumbuyo kwapakati) kumapangitsa kuti thupi lanu lisalowe m'njira yokhotakhota ngati chikwapu chokhota chikukwapula cham'mbali chikaphwanyidwa ndi odzigudubuza.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli koopsa kutsegula chodulira nyumba ya chochomera matabwa mutangozimitsa kiyi wa injini?¶

Chidutswa cholimba chachitsulo chodulira chitsulo kapena ng'oma mkati mwachitsulo chamtengo wamalonda chimalemera ** 200 mpaka 650 kilogalamu (440 mpaka 1,430 mapaundi) ** ndipo chimazungulira pazitsulo zotsika kwambiri ** 1,000 mpaka 2,200 RPM **. Mukatseka injini ya dizilo, gudumu lalikulu lachitsulo lija ** limapitiliza kuyenda mwakachetechete kwa mphindi 2 mpaka 5 zonse **. Kutsegula chodulira chotchinga kapena kulowa mu chute yotulutsa chimbalecho chisanafike poyimitsa zero-RPM kumapangitsa kuti adulidwe msanga. Nthawi zonse yang'anani kumapeto kwa shaft yodula kuti mutsimikizire kuzungulira kwa ziro, chotsani kiyi yoyatsira, ndikuyika loko lokhoma lachitsulo musanakonze.

Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yodyetsera nthambi zazifupi, ma rakings, ndi burashi yaminga ndi iti?¶

**Musamafikire manja, mikono, kapena mapazi anu kupyola mlomo wakunja wa thireyi** kuti mukankhire zinthu zazifupi mu zodzigudubuza. M'malo mwake, muunjike zingwe zazifupi ndi nthambi ** pamwamba pa nthambi zazitali ** kotero kuti nthambi yayitali imawanyamulira mu zodzigudubuza, kapena gwiritsani ntchito ** matabwa okankhira yaitali ** (`at least 1.2 meters / 4 feet long`). Osagwiritsa ntchito nkhwangwa yachitsulo, fosholo yachitsulo, kapena foloko phula pokankhira burashi mu chipper; ngati ma hydraulic feed rollers agwira chida chachitsulo ndikuchikokera mu mipeni ya 1,500 RPM, chitsulo chophwanyidwacho chidzaphulika kuchokera mu chute ngati shrapnel yakupha.

Chifukwa chiyani opera chitsa amafunikira mtunda wa 15-to-30-mita (50-mpaka-100-mapazi) ongoyimilira?¶

Chopukusira chitsa chimatembenuza gudumu lachitsulo lowoneka lokhala ndi bawuti **tungsten-carbide odula mano** ku **800 mpaka 1,500 RPM** mwachindunji munthaka ndi mizu yomwe nthawi zambiri imabisa miyala yokwiriridwa, konkire, ndi zitsulo zachitsulo. Dzino lozungulira la carbide likagunda mwala wokwiriridwa, limatulutsira mwalawo, kapena chidutswa chosweka cha tungsten carbide, kunja kwa **makilomita 150 pa ola (93 miles pa ola)**. Nthawi zonse khalani pafupi ndi magalimoto omwe ali pafupi ndi 15 mpaka 30 metres, ikani zotchingira zamatabwa kapena zotchingira zonyamulika za mauna olemera, ndi kuvala zishango zonse kumaso ku **ANSI Z87.1+ magalasi otetezera**. Kutenga chithandizo choyamba chovomerezeka, CPR, ndi Stop the Bleed course from the Red Cross, St John Ambulance, kapena wothandizira wakomweko amaonetsetsa kuti antchito anu amitengo ali okonzekera ngozi iliyonse yamunda.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Wood chipper snag, kutsekereza zingwe, ndi kudyetsa chute chitetezo bar triage
• Kuyenda-kumbuyo kwa trencher, chopukusira chitsa, ndi kubowola molunjika
• Chainsaw kickback, chain brake, ndi ballistic nayiloni chaps
• Kutaya magazi kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito windlass tourniquet
• Kudulidwa kwachiwembu: kusunga chala, dzanja, ndi miyendo

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ndi International Society of Arboriculture (ISA): *ANSI Z133 Zofunikira pa Chitetezo pa Ntchito Za Arboricultural (Gawo 8.6: Ma Brush Chippers ndi Gawo 8.7: Stump Cutters, Mandatory Reverse Feed Control Bar, Last-Chance Cables, Push Paddles.
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States) ndi National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Safety and Health Information Bulletin SHIB 04-16-2008 (Hazards of Wood Chippers) ndi NIOSH FACE Reports on Fatal Rigging Rope Ingestion in Brush Chippers.
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom) and Arboriculture and Forestry Advisory Group (AFAG): Agriculture Information Sheet AIS38 (Brushwood Chippers: Safe Working Practices), AFAG Guide 604 (Woodchippers), AFAG Guide 606 (Stump Grinders), ndi3502 BS12.
• Komiti Yoyang'anira Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC) ndi American College of Surgeons (ACS): Letsani Ma Protocol a Bleed Prehospital for High-And-Tight Extremity Windlass Tourniquet Application ndi Junctional Hemostatic Wound Packing.
• American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH): Prehospital Preservation of Amputated Extremities ndi Mangled Hand/Forearm Crush Crush.