Kutetezedwa kwa ma jenereta onyamula: zoopsa za carbon monoxide, kupewa kubweza, ndikuyika kosinthira kusintha¶

Mphepo yamkuntho kapena kuzimitsa magetsi kumatha kuletsa mphamvu ya gridi kwa masiku ambiri, kupanga jenereta yonyamula kukhala makina ofunikira kuti chakudya chizizizira, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamankhwala, mapampu amagetsi, ndi zowotchera. Komabe majenereta onyamula amayambitsa poizoni wakupha, moto wamapangidwe, ndi ngozi zamagetsi chaka chilichonse. Ovulala ambiri samachokera ku zovuta zamakina, koma chifukwa cha zolakwika zodziwikiratu: kuyendetsa injini pafupi kwambiri ndi nyumba, kuyesa kuyika magetsi muwaya wapanyumba kudzera papulagi yapakhoma, kapena kunyalanyaza zoopsa za injini.

Bukhuli limapereka malangizo aukadaulo, ogwirizana ndi ma code pakuyika, kuwotcha, komanso kulumikiza jenereta yonyamula magetsi. Imafotokozera za fiziki ya carbon monoxide exhaust dispersal, mfundo zamagetsi zogwiritsira ntchito backfeeding, momwe mungasankhire ndi mawaya ma switch osinthira pamanja ndi zida zolumikizirana, kuwerengera koyenera kwa zingwe, malamulo omangirira osalowerera ndale, komanso ma protocol otetezeka a refueling. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za kulephera kwa magetsi, funsani kuzimitsa kwa magetsi m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuzimitsa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi Kukonzekera kwa siteshoni yamagetsi. Kuti musunge mafuta kwanthawi yayitali, onani kusungirako mafuta kwa jenereta.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Ikani jenereta panja nthawi yomweyo pamalo olimba, owuma, pamtunda wosachepera mamita 6 (mamita 20) kutali ndi khomo lililonse lanyumba, zenera, polowera mpweya, soffit, ndi kutseguka kwa khoma. Lozani chitoliro chotulutsa utsi kutali ndi nyumba yanu ndi nyumba zoyandikana nazo.
2. Tsimikizirani kuti ma alarm ovomerezeka, oyendetsedwa ndi batri ya carbon monoxide kapena zowunikira zomata zikugwira ntchito pamlingo uliwonse wa nyumba yanu, makamaka kunja kwa malo ogona. Yesani alamu iliyonse musanayambe injini.
3. Yang'anani zingwe zanu zamagetsi ndi mafuta. Gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zolemetsa, zakunja, za ma prong atatu zolembedwa SJTW kapena STW zokhala ndi mawaya a conductor ogwirizana ndi katundu wanu (monga 10 AWG kapena 12 AWG).
4. Zimitsani jenereta ndipo mulole chipika ndi chotsekera kuti zizizizira kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 musanatulutse kapu yamafuta kuti muwonjezere mafuta. Kutaya mafuta amadzimadzi pamagetsi oyaka moto kumayambitsa kuyatsa kwa nthunzi ndi moto nthawi yomweyo.
5. Lumikizani katundu wamagetsi mosamala. Mulumikize zida zamagetsi molunjika m'zotengera za jenereta pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zovotera, kapena kulumikizana ndi bokosi lolowera lamagetsi lovomerezeka lolumikizidwa ndi switch yovomerezeka yamanja kapena zida zolumikizirana.
6. Osayesa kubwezera mphamvu polumikiza chingwe cha amuna awiri pakhoma. Ngati mukumva fungo lautsi, mukumva kupweteka mutu mwadzidzidzi, chizungulire, nseru, kapena kumva alamu ya carbon monoxide, tulutsani onse okhala mumlengalenga wakunja nthawi yomweyo ndikuyitanitsa kutumiza kwadzidzidzi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 999 ku United Kingdom, 112 kudutsa European Union, 000 ku Australia).

Kutulutsa kwa carbon monoxide, dispersal physics, and biological toxicity¶

Mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndi mpweya wapoizoni wopanda mtundu, wopanda fungo, wosakoma, wosakwiyitsa wopangidwa ndi kuyaka kosakwanira kwamafuta a hydrocarbon. Ma injini ang'onoang'ono, oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya alibe jakisoni wamafuta amagetsi, masensa okosijeni, ndi zosinthira zida, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi mafuta osakanikirana otengera mpweya omwe amatulutsa mpweya wochuluka wa carbon monoxide.

Jenereta yokhazikika ya 5,000 mpaka 8,000-watt imapanga magalamu 300 mpaka 1,000 a carbon monoxide pa ola limodzi. Galimoto yamakono yoyenda panja imatulutsa pafupifupi 2 mpaka 5 magalamu pa ola limodzi. Jenereta imodzi yonyamula katundu imatulutsa mpweya wa carbon monoxide wofanana ndi angapo, kapena mazana angapo, magalimoto osagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake kuyika jenereta mu garaja yotseguka kapena pafupi ndi zenera lotseguka kumadzaza nyumba yonse ndi zinthu zakupha pasanathe mphindi 15.

Kubalalika kwamlengalenga ndi fizikiki yolowera mkati¶

Kuyendetsa jenereta mkati mwa garaja yotseguka kumapereka mpweya wokwanira. Zomangamanga zimalumikizana ndi mpweya wozungulira kudzera mumitundu yotentha komanso yamlengalenga yomwe imadziwika kuti stack effect ndi madera othamangitsidwa ndi mphepo. Mphepo ikagunda khoma lakunja kwa nyumba, imapanga malo oponderezedwa kwambiri kumbali yamphepo komanso kudzuka kocheperako kumbali ya leeward. Ngati jenereta ikugwira ntchito kumbali ya mphepo, kupanikizika kwabwino kumapangitsa kuti gasi atuluke mwachindunji kudzera m'mipata ya sheathing, seams, mawindo a sash seals, dryer, ndi sill plates. Ngati atayikidwa pambali ya leeward pafupi ndi khomo lotseguka kapena zenera, mafunde otsika kwambiri amakokera utsi ku envelopu ya nyumbayo.

M'nyengo yozizira, mpweya wotentha wa m'nyumba womwe umakwera kupita kumtunda umapangitsa kuti mpweya usavutike m'chipinda chocheperako komanso m'zipinda zapansi. Mtunda wopingasa wamamita 6 (mamita 20) ukuyimira malo otetezedwa ochepa omwe avomerezedwa ndi CDC, CPSC, ndi NFPA. Pamamita 6 (mamita 20), kusanganikirana kwa mlengalenga kwa chipwirikiti kumasungunula ntchentche yotulutsa mpweya isanakumane ndi maenvulopu omangika, malinga ngati chopozera chopondera chimalowa pansi komanso kutali ndi malo omanga. M'malo otsekedwa ndi mphepo, ma carports, kapena m'malo okhalamo, mpweya wa monoxide sumwazikana mwaukhondo; imazunguliranso ndikulowa m'makoma oyandikana nawo kudzera m'mapanga.

Kumanga kwa carboxyhemoglobin ndi ma cell hypoxia¶

Akakowedwa, mpweya wa carbon monoxide umafalikira m'zigawo za alveolar kulowa m'magazi, kumangiriza ku atomu ya iron ya himogulobini yokhala ndi kuyanjana kokulirapo kuwirikiza ka 200 mpaka 250 kuposa okosijeni kupanga carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya okosijeni wa maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndikupangitsa kusuntha kumanzere kwa oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, ndikumangirira mpweya wotsala molimba kwambiri kuti utulukire mu minofu.

Pamlingo wa ma cell, carbon monoxide imamanga ku myoglobin ndi mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, kuletsa kupuma kwa aerobic ndi kupanga adenosine triphosphate. Izi zimayambitsa lactic acidosis mwachangu, kupsinjika kwa okosijeni, komanso kulephera kwaubongo ndi myocardium.

Chifukwa mpweya wa carbon monoxide umapangitsa kuti munthu asamaganize bwino, ozunzidwa amalephera kuzindikira kuti ali ndi poizoni, ndipo amagonja mwakachetechete atakhala pansi kapena akugona. Pakukhazikika kwachipatala, onani carbon monoxide thandizo loyamba ndi kuchedwa kwa minyewa sequelae triage.

Utility backfeeding: njira zakuthupi ndi zoopsa zachitetezo cha moyo¶

Kubwerera mmbuyo ndi mchitidwe wowopsa wolumikiza zotulutsa za jenereta molunjika ku chotengera cha dera lanyumba (monga chotuluka cha 120-volt kapena chowumitsira 240-volt) pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chokhala ndi ma prong aamuna mbali zonse ziwiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti chingwe chodzipha.

Pamene magetsi akuzimitsidwa, ma kondakitala olumikizidwa ku thiransifoma yoyandikana amakhalabe ndi mizere yogawa pokhapokha ngati cholumikizira chotseguka, chokhacho chiwalekanitse. Jenereta ikabweza mphamvu mugawo lozungulira nyumba popanda cholumikizira chotseguka, magetsi amayenda cham'mbuyo kupyola chobowola chachikulu, kudzera pa mita yogwiritsira ntchito, ndikulowa m'malo ogawa thiransifoma omwe amayikidwa pamtengo wothandizira kapena pansi panja.

Chiwopsezo chowonjezera cha transformer kwa ogwira ntchito¶

Ma gridi ogawa magetsi amatsitsa ma voltages apamwamba kwambiri kuti atumizidwe kunyumba. Ku North America, mizere yoyambira pamwamba imagwira ntchito mongofanana ndi ma volt 2,400 mpaka 19,900 volts gawo-pansi, ndi 7,200 volts ndi 14,400 volts wamba. Zosintha zokhalamo zimatsika izi kuti zigawike mphamvu ya 120/240-volt.

Transformers kwathunthu bidirectional. Pamene 120 volts kapena 240 volts imayambitsidwa ku mbali yachiwiri yotsika-voltage kuchokera ku jenereta yobwerera kumbuyo, masitepe olowetsa maginito omwe amabwerera mmbuyo pa matembenuzidwe ozungulira chiŵerengero cha ma volts 7,200 kapena 14,400 volts pa ma conductor oyambira. Othandizira mawaya akukonza mawaya otsika kutali kapena ma fuse othetsa mavuto amatha kulumikizidwa ndi ma backfeed othamanga kwambiri ochokera m'nyumba imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe zamagetsi zotsitsidwa m'misewu ya anthu ambiri zimakhala misampha yowopsa kwambiri yamagetsi.

Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zakunja ndi zoopsa zamoto¶

Kuyamwitsa kumadzetsanso ngozi zoopsa za moto ndi kuphulika. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ikabweranso, mawonekedwe osinthika apano opangidwa ndi jenereta yosalumikizana ndi makina osunthika adzakhala atachokapo ndi mphamvu zomwe zikubwera. Ngati mphamvu ibwerera pomwe jenereta imabwereranso kudzera pa chophulika chachikulu chotsekedwa, kusiyana kwa mbali pakati pa magwero awiriwa kumatha kufika madigiri 180. Pamadigiri 180 kuchokera pagawo, ma spikes osiyanitsa magetsi amatha kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yamagetsi yanthawi zonse (pafupifupi 680 volts peak-to-peak pa 240-volt circuit), ndikupereka masauzande a ma amperes a cholakwika mu kagawo kakang'ono ka kuzungulira.

Kulakwitsa kwakukulu kumeneku kumatulutsa kuwala kwa arc mkati mwagawo logawa, ma conductor amkuwa amawotcha, zosweka, ndikuyatsa zomangira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kugwedezeka kwa ma torque pa jenereta ya alternator rotor kumadula crankshaft ya injini kapena kuphulitsa chosungira cha jenereta kukhala shrapnel. Kuphatikiza apo, kubweza m'mbuyo kudzera pamagetsi 120-volt kumapangitsa kuti zida zamagetsi zambiri zibwerere kudzera pa kondakitala wanthambi imodzi yomwe sakhala ndi kukula kwa katundu wanyumba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma waya obisika mkati mwa makoma.

Makina olumikizana ndi magetsi ogwirizana ndi ma code¶

Kuti apereke mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera ku jenereta yonyamula kupita ku mabwalo apanyumba okhazikika (monga chowuzira ng'anjo, pampu yachitsime, kuyatsa kolimba, kapena pampu yamadzi otayira), cholumikiziracho chiyenera kukhala ndi makina kapena odzipatula asanayambe kudzipatula. Makinawa amalepheretsa jenereta ndi gridi yogwiritsira ntchito malonda kuti isalumikizidwe ndi basi yogawa kunyumba nthawi imodzi.

Pali njira zinayi zoyambira, zotsata malamulo zolumikizira mphamvu ya jenereta:

1. Kulumikiza zingwe molunjika ku zida zoimirira: Njira yosavuta, yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zowonjezera panja kuchokera kumalo opangira jenereta kupita pazida zina zongoima zokha (mafiriji, mafiriji, ma heaters, nyali). Chifukwa palibe kulumikizana komwe kumapangidwa kugawo logawa kunyumba, kubwezeretsanso mu gridi sikutheka mwakuthupi. Njirayi imafunikira palibe zilolezo zamagetsi, koma sizitha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi.
2. Sinthani yosinthira pamanja yokhala ndi gulu laling'ono lodzipatulira: Chosinthira pamanja chimakhala ndi gulu lothandizira losweka lomwe limayikidwa moyandikana ndi gulu lalikulu lantchito. Mabwalo ofunikira osankhidwa (nthawi zambiri mabwalo 6 mpaka 10, monga firiji, ng'anjo, pampu yamadzi, ndi kuyatsa) amasinthidwanso mu switch. Dera lililonse lili ndi masiwichi osinthira magawo atatu: LINE (mphamvu zothandizira), WOZIMA, ndi GEN (mphamvu ya jenereta). Kapangidwe kake kamapangitsa kuti zisatheke kuti dera lidutse LINE ndi GEN nthawi imodzi.
3. Zida zolowera m'makina olowera pagulu lalikulu lophwanyira: Zida zolumikizirana ndi makina olowera ndi zitsulo zopangidwa mwaluso zopangira mtundu wina wake wamagetsi. Ikayikidwa pachivundikiro chakufa pakati pa cholumikizira chachikulu chautumiki ndi chowotcha cholumikizira mapolo awiri odzipatulira, njira yolowera imatsimikizira kuti chowotcha chachikulu chiyenera kuzimitsidwa kuti chophwanya jenereta chisatsegulidwe. Izi zimalola kuti dera lililonse mu gulu lonse liziyendetsedwa, pokhapokha woyendetsayo azitha kunyamula katundu. Interlock kits iyenera kulembedwa ndi UL ndikuloledwa ndi akuluakulu amagetsi.
4. Automatic transfer switch (ATS): Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi ma jenereta oyimilira, chosinthira chowongolera chowunikira chowunikira nthawi zonse. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikatsika pansi pa 80 peresenti yamagetsi odziwika, chosinthira chimalamula jenereta kuti iyambike, imapatula chakudya chothandizira kudzera pamagetsi amkati, ndikusamutsa mabasi akunyumba kupita ku mphamvu ya jenereta. Magetsi a gridi akakhazikika, chosinthira chimasamutsa katundu kubwerera ku mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito ndikuyendetsa kuzungulira kozizira.

Kuyika bokosi lolowera mphamvu ndi kulowa kwa khoma lakunja¶

Mukayika chosinthira pamanja kapena zida zolumikizirana, kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pa jenereta yakunja ndi gulu lamkati kumakhazikitsidwa kudzera pabokosi lolowera mphamvu lakunja.

Bokosi lolowera limakhala ndi ma prong aamuna otetezedwa mkati mwa malo olemetsa, osagwirizana ndi nyengo, mpanda wokhala ndi mpweya wokhala ndi chotchingira chanyengo. Miyezo yokhazikika ya nyumba zogona ndi izi: - NEMA L14-20P: 120/240-volt, 20-ampere ma prong anayi olowera (mpaka 4,800 Watts mosalekeza). - NEMA L14-30P: 120/240-volt, 30-ampere ma prong anayi (mpaka 7,200 watts mosalekeza; muyezo wa majenereta onyamula apakati). - CS6375 kapena NEMA 14-50P: 120/240-volt, 50-ampere ma prong anayi (mpaka 12,000 watts mosalekeza; amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malonda akuluakulu kapena mayunitsi a nyumba yonse).

Chingwe cha rabara cha makonda anayi chokhala ndi cholumikizira chachikazi cholumikizira chimalumikiza jenereta ku bokosi lolowera. Mapangidwe a twist-lock amalepheretsa kugwedezeka kuti asatulutse pulagi ili ndi mphamvu. Mawaya kuchokera ku bokosi lakunja lolowera mkati mwa envulopu ya khoma kupita ku gululi liyenera kuyendetsedwa mu ngalande kapena chingwe chokhala ndi zida, ndikulowera khoma losindikizidwa ndi silikoni kapena duct seal pawiri kuti mupewe kulowerera kwa madzi ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya. Kwezani bokosilo osachepera 60 centimita (24 mainchesi) pamwamba pa giredi kuti chipale chofewa chisamire, kusunga 6-mita (20-foot) chilolezo kuchokera pawindo ndi zitseko.

Zowonjezera zingwe zamagetsi ndi malire otsitsa ma voltage¶

Mukamayendetsa zingwe zowongoka kuchokera ku jenereta kulowa m'nyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zocheperako kapena zazitali kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa zamoto wamagetsi ndikuwononga ma mota amagetsi okhudzidwa ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwamagetsi.

Woyendetsa magetsi aliyense amawonetsa kukana kwamkati kwamagetsi, molamulidwa ndi Ohm's Law ndi copper resistivity. Pamene kutalika kwa chingwe kumawonjezeka kapena makulidwe a waya akuchepa (nambala yapamwamba ya AWG), kukana kumakwera molingana. Pamene magetsi akuyenda kudzera muzitsulo zowonongeka, magetsi amatsika pamzere. Ngati jenereta ipereka ma volts 120 pama terminal ake koma kukana kwa chingwe kumatsika 12 volts, ma volts 108 okha ndi omwe amafika pa chipangizocho. Katundu wamagalimoto opangira ma inductive (monga ma compressor a firiji, mapampu amadzi, ndi zowuzira ng'anjo) amakoka kuchuluka kwamagetsi pamagetsi ocheperako kuti asunge makokedwe amakina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafunde amoto azitenthedwa mwachangu pansi pa Lamulo la Joule la Kutentha kokwanira (\(P = I squared R\)). Izi zimawotcha ma compressor a chipangizocho pomwe zingwe zopindika zimatenthedwa mpaka kuyaka.

National Electrical Code imanena kuti mabwalo sayenera kukwezedwa kupitirira 80 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza (katundu wogwira ntchito kwa maola atatu kapena kupitilira apo). Nthawi zonse gwirizanitsani geji ya conductor ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chili pamtunda wamtunda wonse.

Gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zakunja zokha zolembedwa SJTW, STW, kapena SOOW. Osatsina zingwe kudzera pa mawindo otsekedwa kapena pansi pa zitseko zothina, zomwe zimaphwanya ma conductor ndikupanga zolakwika za arc. Nthawi zonse masulani zingwe zonse musanayatse magetsi othamanga kwambiri.

Kukhazikitsa dongosolo, kulumikizana kosalowerera ndale, ndi kuyanjana kwa GFCI¶

Kulumikiza jenereta yonyamula kumafuna kumvetsetsa mgwirizano pakati pa jenereta wosalowerera ndale, malo opangira zida, ndi makina opangira ma electrode apanyumba.

Jenereta iliyonse yosunthika imapanga mphamvu kudutsa ma terminals otentha, malo osalowerera ndale, ndi chimango chazida: - Bonded Neutral Generator: Kondakitala wosalowerera ndale amalumikizidwa ndi magetsi ku chimango chachitsulo pafakitale. Kuyesa kosalekeza pakati pa pini yopanda ndale ndi chimango kumawonetsa ziro ohms. - ** Jenereta Wopanda Neutral Woyandama:** Woyendetsa ndale amakhala wotalikirana ndi chimango, kuwulula kukana kopanda malire.

Pansi pa Article 250 ya NEC ndi Article 702, kukhazikika koyenera kumadalira ngati kusinthako kumasintha wokonda kulowerera ndale: 1. Makina Osatengera Mosiyana (Standard Transfer Switch): Kusinthaku kumangosintha ma conductor otentha pomwe jenereta yopanda ndale imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi bala yolimba ya ndale mu gulu lalikulu, lomwe limalumikizidwa kudziko lapansi. Jenereta iyenera kukhala yosalowerera ndale. Ngati jenereta yolumikizidwa yosalowerera ndale ilumikizana ndi chosinthira chosalowerera ndale, ma bond awiri osalowerera ndale amakhalapo nthawi imodzi, kupanga njira zobwerera zofananira zomwe jenereta ya GFCI yoyenda nthawi yomweyo. 2. Makina Otengera Payokha (Kusintha Kwapakatikati): Kusinthaku kumaphwanya makondakitala otentha komanso osalowerera ndale. Jenereta iyenera kukhala yosalowerera ndale, ndipo ndodo yapansi yothandizira yolumikizidwa ndi chimango cha jenereta ikufunika. Mukayika zida zoyimirira pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zowonjeza, khalani osalowerera ndale kuti muteteze zolakwika.

Ma protocol otetezeka amafuta ndi kasamalidwe ka mafuta osasinthika¶

Kuwonjezera mafuta pa jenereta yothamanga kapena yotentha ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala koopsa komanso kuyatsa moto panthawi yamagetsi.

Nthunzi ya petulo imayaka osati mafuta amadzimadzi. Mafuta a petulo amakhala ndi kung'anima kwa pafupifupi -43 °C (-45 °F) ndipo amayaka yokha pa 280 °C (536 °F). Mosiyana, ma muffler a jenereta amafika 400 °C mpaka 650 °C (752 °F mpaka 1,200 °F) atanyamula. Kuthira mafuta mu jenereta yotentha kumayambitsa kuyatsa kwa nthunzi pompopompo ngati kutayikira kwafika pachotchinga, kumiza chitinicho ndikuyaka moto.

Tsatirani ndondomeko yovomerezeka yowonjezeretsa mafuta: 1. Zimitsani katundu wamagetsi pagulu la jenereta kapena chotsani zingwe zowonjezera. 2. Tsekani chosinthira chowongolera injini kuti ZIMIMI ndi kutseka valavu yamafuta. 3. Dikirani osachepera mphindi 15 mpaka 20 kuti malo a injini ndi utsi azizire pansi pa poyatsira mafuta. 4. Onetsetsani kuti palibe malawi otseguka, nyali, kapena zoyatsira zomwe zili mkati mwa 15 metres (50 mapazi). 5. Perekani mafuta kuchokera ku zitini zovomerezeka za UL/FM zokhala ndi zomangira lawi lamoto, kusunga spout kukhudzana ndi khosi la thanki kuti iwononge magetsi osasunthika. 6. Siyani kusiyana kwa 2.5 mpaka 5 cm (1 mpaka 2 mainchesi) pansi pa khosi la thanki, ndipo pukutani zonse zomwe zatayika musanayambenso. Kwa kukhazikika kwamafuta kwanthawi yayitali, onani kusungirako mafuta kwa jenereta.

Kugwira ntchito m'nyengo yamvula komanso ma canopies oteteza¶

Majenereta oyatsira amayenera kugwira ntchito panja kuti athetse ngozi ya carbon monoxide, komabe kuyendetsa makina amagetsi pamvula yamkuntho, matalala, kapena matalala kumabweretsa zoopsa za electrocution ndi zida.

Zophimba zomangira ngati ma tarps, mabokosi a plywood, ma carports, kapena makhonde amphepo amapanga zoopsa: zotchingira zotentha zimayatsa zotchingira zoyaka, pomwe malo otsekeredwa amalowetsa utsi wakupha mnyumba. Kuphimba injini kumathandizanso kuti mpweya uzizizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini igwire.

Njira yokhayo yotetezeka, yogwirizana ndi malamulo yoyendetsera jenereta yonyamula m'nyengo yamvula popanda malo ogona okhazikika ndi chivundikiro chovomerezeka, chosasunthika, choletsa moto (monga GenTent). Chivundikiro chotsimikizika chothamanga chimamatira ku chimango cha tubular, kugwetsa mvula ndi chipale chofewa kwinaku ndikusunga mpweya wotseguka wa madigiri 360 kuzungulira injini ndikusunga nsalu mosavutikira ndi chopopera chotenthetsera.

Mayendedwe ogwirira ntchito: fufuzanitu, kuyambitsa, kasamalidwe ka katundu, ndi kutseka¶

Kutsatira ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa zida, kutenthedwa kwa ma alternator, ndi kuvulala kwamunthu.

Musanayambe kuyendera mndandanda¶

Musanayambe: 1. Tsimikizirani kuloledwa kwa mita 6 (mapazi 20) kuchokera pazitseko, mazenera, ndi polowera mpweya, ndi utsi wolunjika. 2. Yang'anani mulingo wamafuta a injini ndikuwonjezera ndi 5W-30 synthetic (yozizira) kapena 10W-30 (nyengo yofatsa). 3. Tsimikizirani kutsitsimuka kwamafuta ndikuwunika zingwe za kuwonongeka kwa jekete. 4. Onetsetsani kuti zophulitsa ma jenereta zazimitsa.

Ma protocol oyambira ndi otseka¶

Kutsata koyambira: 1. Tsegulani valavu yamafuta ndikuyika cholozera kuti FULL CHOKE (kapena RUN ngati kutentha). 2. Yatsani choyatsira kuti YANSI ndikukoka chingwe choyambira mwamphamvu kapena yambitsani magetsi. 3. Sunthani kutsamwitsidwa bwino kuti RUN injini ikawotha, kenako osatulutsa kwa mphindi 2 mpaka 3 kuti mukhazikike mphamvu. 4. Sinthani chophulitsa cha jenereta kuti ON, kenaka gwirizanitsani katundu motsatizana, kuyambira ndi katundu wolemera kwambiri wa injini (mapampu a bwino, firiji, zowombera ng'anjo) kuti agwirizane ndi mafunde oyambira.

Kuyimitsa: 1. Zimitsani kapena kutulutsa magetsi onse olumikizidwa. 2. Sinthani chowotcha cha jenereta kuti ZIMIMI ndipo mulole injiniyo itsitsidwe kwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zitatu kuti muthe kutentha kwa injini. 3. Tembenuzani valavu yamafuta kuti ZIMAYI ndipo mulole carburetor kuti iume mpaka injini itayima, kuteteza kuti varnish iwunjike. 4. Yatsani choyatsira kuti ZIMIMI ndipo mulole chipangizocho chizizire kwa mphindi 20.

Flowchart yotumizira ma jenereta, kulumikizana kwamagetsi, ndikutsimikizira chitetezo¶

flowchart TD
    Start(["Kutha kwa Mphamvu Kumachitika"]) --> A["Survey Placement Area Kunja"]
    A --> B{"Kodi Malo ali osachepera 6m (20ft) kuchokera ku Doors, Windows, Vents?"}
    B -- "Ayi" --> C["Samutsirani Chigawo Kumalo Oyera"]
    C --> B
    B -- "Inde" --> D{"Kodi Ground Level, Firm, and Dry?"}
    D -- "Ayi" --> E["Level Surface yokhala ndi Pavers kapena Pitani ku High Ground"]
    E --> D
    D -- "Inde" --> F["Yang'anani Mafuta, Mafuta, ndi Batri"]
    F --> G["Tsimikizirani Ma Alamu a Working CO pa Mulingo Uliwonse"]
    G --> H{"Kodi Mvula Ikugwa?"}
    H -- "Inde" --> I["Ikani Chihema Chotsimikizika Chothamanga"]
    H -- "Ayi" --> J["Pitirizani ndi Open Air Placement"]
    I --> K["Dziwani Njira Yolumikizirana"]
    J --> K
    K --> L{"Direct Corrds kapena Home Panel Interconnection?"}
    L -- "Zingwe Zolunjika" --> M["Thamangani Zingwe Zolemera za SJTW Panja"]
    M --> N["Onetsetsani kuti Jenereta Neutral imalumikizidwa ku Frame"]
    L -- "Home Panel Interconnection" --> O{"Transfer Switch kapena Interlock Yakhazikitsidwa?"}
    O -- "Ayi" --> P["IMANI: OSATI M'mbuyo. Gwiritsani Ntchito Zingwe Zachindunji Pokha"]
    P --> M
    O -- "Inde" --> Q["Tsimikizirani kuti Jenereta Yosalowerera ndale ikuyandama"]
    Q --> R["Lumikizani 4-Prong Cord ku Inlet Box"]
    R --> S["Onetsetsani kuti Main Service Breaker Yatsekedwa"]
    S --> T["Yambani Injini yokhala ndi Breakers OFF: Kutenthetsa Mphindi 3"]
    N --> T
    T --> U["Switch Jenereta Breaker YATSA"]
    U --> V["Katundu Wa Stagger: Wonyamula Magalimoto Poyambirira, Zamagetsi Pomaliza"]

Zigawo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zowongolera¶

Kutsata ma code amagetsi amchigawo kumatsimikizira chitetezo cha moyo komanso kuteteza inshuwaransi: - United States: Molamulidwa ndi NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code), kuphatikizapo Article 702, Article 250, ndi Article 445. Transfer switches iyenera kulembedwa UL 1008. CPSC ndi ANSI/PGMA G300 mandate CO auto-shutoff sensors pamitundu yatsopano yonyamula. - Canada: Imayang'aniridwa ndi CSA C22.1 Gawo 10 ndi Gawo 44. Zida zotumizira ziyenera kutsata CSA C22.2 No. 178. Kudyetsa mopanda chilolezo kumaphwanya machitidwe amagetsi akuchigawo. - United Kingdom: Molamulidwa ndi BS 7671 (18^th Edition). Majenereta am'manja amafunikira masiwichi amitundu iwiri kapena anayi. Kukhazikitsa kwa PME (TN-C-S) kumafuna ma elekitirodi a TT odziyimira pawokha. - European Union: Yoyendetsedwa pansi pa IEC 60364 ndi ma code a dziko (DIN VDE 0100, NF C 15-100). TS EN 60947-6-1 Kulumikizana kumafunikira masiwichi otsekeka. - Australia: Imalamulidwa pansi pa AS/NZS 3000 ndi AS/NZS 3010. Makontrakitala omwe ali ndi ziphatso amayenera kukhazikitsa masiwiwi osinthira olekanitsa makondakitala omwe akugwira ntchito komanso osalowerera ndale pansi pa malamulo a MEN.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi ndingayendetse jenereta mkati mwa garaja yanga ngati chitseko chachikulu cha garaja ndi chotseguka?¶

Ayi. Simuyenera kuyendetsa jenereta mkati mwa garaja nthawi iliyonse, ngakhale chitseko cha bay chitsegulidwe. Jenereta yonyamula katundu imapanga mpweya wa carbon monoxide kuwirikiza mazana ambiri kuposa galimoto yomwe imagwira ntchito. Mafunde amphepo ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamphamvu kwanyumba kumakoka utsi wochuluka kwambiri kudzera m'mizere yowuma, zitseko zolowera mkati, malowedwe a padenga, ndi zibowo za khoma molunjika kumalo okhala mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Jenereta nthawi zonse iyenera kuyikidwa panja, osachepera 6 mita (mamita 20) kuchokera kunyumba.

Kodi chingwe chodzipha n’chiyani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani chili choopsa?¶

Chingwe chodzipha ndi chingwe chamagetsi chodzipangira tokha chomwe chawonetsa mapulagi aamuna mbali zonse ziwiri. Anthu amapanga zingwezi poyesa kulumikiza jenereta pakhoma la nyumba kapena chowumitsira. Mchitidwewu ndi wowopsa kwambiri: ma prong owonekera amakhala ma kondakita amagetsi amoyo okhala ndi ma volts 120 kapena 240, zomwe zimawonetsa ngozi yowopsa ikagwiridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, izi zimabwezeretsa magetsi kudzera pagawo lophwanyira nyumba yanu kupita ku chosinthira chothandizira, kukwera ma voliyumu mpaka 7,200 volts kapena kupitilira apo pazingwe zamagetsi zakunja ndikupanga chiwopsezo chakupha chamagetsi kwa ogwira ntchito yokonza.

Kodi jenereta yonyamula imafunika kukhala kutali bwanji ndi kwathu?¶

Jenereta iyenera kuyikidwa pamtunda wa 6 mita (mamita 20) kutali ndi zitseko zonse zakunja, mazenera ogwira ntchito, zoziziritsira mpweya, zowumitsira mpweya, zotsegula za crawlspace, ndi zolowera padenga. Lozani potulutsira utsi molunjika kutali ndi nyumbayo ndi kulowera kumene mphepo ikulowera. Osagwiritsa ntchito jenereta pansi pa zenera lotseguka, pansi pa sitima yakunja, kapena mumphepo wotsekedwa, pomwe mpweya wapoizoni umachulukana ndikulowa m'mitsempha.

Kodi ndikufunika kuyendetsa ndodo yoyatsira pansi pagulu la jenereta yanga yonyamula?¶

Mukalumikiza jenereta kudzera pa chosinthira chosinthira pamanja kapena zida zotsekera, zowongolera zosalowerera ndale ndi zapansi zimalumikizana ndi gulu lanu lophwanyira nyumba, lomwe limalumikizidwa kale ndi makina opangira ma elekitirodi akunyumba. Mu kasinthidwe kopanda padera kumeneku, ndodo yapansi yosiyana sifunika, koma jenereta iyenera kukhala yosalowerera ndale. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zowonjezera ku zipangizo zoyima panja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chosinthira chomwe chimasintha kondakitala wosalowerera ndale, m'pofunika kusalowerera ndale, ndipo ndodo yothandizira ikhoza kutchulidwa ndi zizindikiro zapafupi.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani jenereta yanga imangopunthwa kotulutsiramo ka GFCI ndikalumikiza ndi switch yanga yosinthira?¶

Vutoli limapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mkangano wosagwirizana ndi ndale. Masiwichi amakono ambiri amakhala ndi kapamwamba kolimba, kosasunthika komwe kamalumikizana mwachindunji ndi gulu lalikulu lanyumba, lomwe limamangiriridwa pansi mkati mwa gulu lalikulu. Ngati jenereta yanu yonyamula ilinso ndi kondakitala wake wosalowerera ndale wolumikizidwa ku chimango chake chachitsulo pafakitale, zomangira ziwiri zosagwirizana ndi pansi zimakhalapo nthawi imodzi. Izi zimapanga njira yofananira pomwe magetsi obwerera osalowerera amayenda motsatira waya wapansi wa zida. Wosweka wa GFCI pa jenereta amazindikira kusalinganika kumeneku ndikuyenda nthawi yomweyo. Kuti athetse izi, jenereta yopanda ndale yolumikizira jumper iyenera kulumikizidwa (kuisintha kukhala yosalowerera ndale) ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito, kapena kusintha kosinthira komwe kumasintha kondakitala osalowerera ndale iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.

Chitsimikizo cha thandizo loyamba¶

Kugwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi mosamala ndikuyankha ku carbon monoxide kapena zadzidzidzi zamagetsi kumafuna luso lothandiza. Kulembetsa chithandizo choyamba chovomerezeka, CPR, ndi maphunziro oyambirira a moyo kudzera ku American Red Cross, British Red Cross, St. John Ambulance, Canadian Red Cross, kapena Australian Red Cross imakuphunzitsani momwe mungadziwire mpweya woipa wa carbon monoxide hypoxia, kupereka kupuma kopulumutsira, kupatula ozunzidwa kuchokera kumagetsi amoyo popanda kudziika pangozi nokha, ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi mwadzidzidzi pachifuwa. Kukhala ndi othandizira ovomerezeka m'nyumba mwanu kumapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi chithandizo chachangu komanso choyenera pomwe chithandizo chadzidzidzi chadzidzidzi chimapita komwe muli.

Magwero afufuzidwa¶

Bukuli lidawunikidwa motsutsana ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka achitetezo cha anthu ndi miyezo: - United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) zidziwitso za jenereta zonyamula ndi miyezo ya UL 2201 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) chitsogozo chachipatala cha carbon monoxide - National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA 70 National Electrical Code - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR 1926.404 generator grounding standards - Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI) chitsogozo chachitetezo chamagetsi patsoka - British Standards Institution (BSI) ndi malamulo a waya a IET BS 7671 - Canadian Standards Association (CSA) C22.1 khodi yamagetsi - Miyezo ya Australia AS/NZS 3000 ndi AS/NZS 3010 miyezo

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Kuzimitsidwa kwamagetsi m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuzimitsa kwanthawi yayitali
• Kukonzekera kosungirako magetsi: LiFePO4 kukula kwa batri ndi kuphatikiza kosinthana kosinthira
• Kusungirako mafuta a jenereta: petulo, dizilo, ndi kuteteza propane
• Kuunikira mwadzidzidzi popanda makandulo
• Mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndi kupuma kwa utsi thandizo loyamba
• Mpweya wa carbon monoxide umachedwetsa ma sequelae a minyewa ndi kuyesa kwa carboxyhemoglobin
• Kukonzekera kwamphepo yamkuntho kunyumba: dongosolo la maola 72