Makabudula a Lithium Cell Spot Spot-Welding, Acid Flux Spills, ndi Soldering Iron Burns¶

Kumanga mapaketi a batire a lithiamu-ion, kukonza matabwa osindikizidwa (ma PCB), ndikupangira mipope kapena magalasi opaka magalasi amaphatikiza kusungirako kwamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwamankhwala, komanso kutentha kwambiri komwe kumachitika pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Pa cylindrical lithiamu-ion maselo monga **18650, 21700, ndi 26650 maselo **, lonse zitsulo akunja angathe (kuphatikiza pamwamba phewa crimped pozungulira chapakati zabwino batani) ndi negative terminal, wosiyana ndi anakweza zabwino kapu ndi osalimba pulasitiki insulating gasket zosakwana 0.*4 millimita. Ngati chowotcherera chowotcherera, chingwe cha nickel busbar, kapena milatho yachitsulo chopindika pamapewa ong'ambika kapena kuboola machubu ang'onoang'ono ochepetsa kutentha, seloyo imawonongeka nthawi yomweyo ndikutulutsa 50 mpaka 150 amperes yapano. Pakadutsa theka la sekondi imodzi, mzere wa nickel umakhala woyera komanso umadziwotcherera ku zala za wogwiritsa ntchito, kapena cholekanitsa chamkati chimasungunuka ndikuyambitsa chiwawa champhamvu cha lithiamu-ion matenthedwe akuthawa, kutulutsa poizoni hydrogen fluoride (\(\text{HF}\)) gasi ndi malawi oyaka moto kupitirira madigiri 1800 Celsius *0.

Zowopsa zomwezo ndi zida zotenthetsera ndi machulukidwe amankhwala okhala pamagetsi kapena benchi yazitsulo. Nsonga yachitsulo yowotchera yoyendetsedwa ndi kutentha imagwira ntchito pakati pa 315 ndi 450 digiri Celsius (600 ndi 840 madigiri Fahrenheit), pomwe mpweya wotentha wa SMD umagwiranso ntchito mpaka 500 digiri Celsius (930 digiri Fahrenheit), wotha kukhudza pompopompo kukhuthala kokwanira (mipira yowotcha yachitatu kapena nsonga yachitatu) kuwira kwa asidi kumatuluka molunjika m’diso losatetezedwa. Ngakhale magetsi a rosin ndi osayera amatulutsa utsi wopatsa mphamvu m'mapapo (colophony) womwe umayambitsa mphumu yapantchito, zitsulo zolemera kwambiri komanso magalasi opaka magalasi amakhala ndi *zinc chloride (\(\text{ZnCl}_2\)), hydrochloric acid ($\chloridal chloride HCl) kuyaka ndi edema yapamwamba ngati yawazidwa kapena kukopa. Kudziwa momwe mungadulire mzere wamfupi wa nickel kuchokera pa batire lothawa osapsa, kutulutsa asidi kapena kusungunuka kwa solder kuchokera m'maso, kuyatsa kwachitsulo chakuya kwambiri, ndikuwongolera bronchospasm yamphamvu ya flux-fume kumalepheretsa kulumala kwamanja, kutayika kwa masomphenya, ndi moto wapamashopu.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Gonyani kachipangizo kakafupi kowotcherera kachidutswa kakang'ono kapena kansalu konyezimira kopanda faifi pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo yamatabwa, chida cha pulasitiki, kapena zodulira zosungunula MWAMODZI, ndipo OSATI gwirani batire lalifupi lotentha ndi manja osavala. Ngati cylindrical 18650 kapena 21700 cell iyamba kuphulika, kutulutsa utsi wonyezimira, kutulutsa utsi wonyezimira. selo kapena kulongedza mu ndowa yachitsulo yodzaza mchenga kapena panja pa konkire, tulukani m'chipindamo kuti musapume mpweya woipa wa hydrogen fluoride, ndipo imbani nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom); fufuzani manambala angozi ndi kuwona lithiamu-ion batire moto.
2. ziziritsani kuwotcha kwachitsulo chilichonse, kuwotcha kwachitsulo chosungunula, kapena chingwe cha nickel choyera choyera pansi pamadzi apompopompo ozizira kwa mphindi 20 nthawi yomweyo. Chotsani mphete, mawotchi, ndi zibangili padzanja lomwe latenthedwa nthawi yomweyo kutupa kusanayambe. Ngati kadontho kakang'ono ka solder kakakamira pang'onopang'ono pakhungu, lolani kuti madzi akuthamanga atsuke, koma musamakolole kapena kupala zitsulo kapena pulasitiki wosungunuka wophatikizidwa pakhungu lopsa kwambiri; onani amayaka.
3. Tsukani diso lililonse lothiridwa ndi madzi otsekemera, phala la asidi, kapena mowa wa isopropyl pansi pa madzi ofunda ofunda kwa mphindi zosachepera 15 mpaka 30. Gwirani zikope zanu motsegula ndi zala zanu uku mukutembenuza diso mbali zonse. Ngati chitsotso cholimba cha solder yotentha chatera m'diso, tsitsani pang'onopang'ono ndi saline wosabala kapena madzi, **musayese kuchotsa solder yolimba pa cornea ndi zomangira **, ndikupita kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena dokotala wamaso nthawi yomweyo; onani kuvulala m'maso.
4. *Sungani aliyense amene akupumira, akutsokomola, kapena akupuma pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku utsi wotuluka mu mpweya wabwino wakunja nthawi yomweyo. Rosin (colophony) utsi wa solder ndi vaporized zinc chloride acid flux ndi zinthu zoyambitsa mpweya zomwe zingayambitse chifuwa chachikulu cha bronchospasm ndi mphumu; thandizani munthuyo ndi mankhwala omwe amawalembera kuti athetse mwamsanga bronchodilator (monga albuterol/salbutamol) ndi kuyitana chithandizo chadzidzidzi ngati kupuma sikumasuka mofulumira; onani mphumu.
5. Ngati mwana kapena chiweto chameza madzi otsekemera a asidi kapena ma plumbing phala, OSATI kuti asanze. Tsukani pakamwa ndi madzi, perekani madzi kapena mkaka pang'ono pokhapokha ngati munthuyo ali watcheru komanso wokhoza kumeza popanda kutsokomola, ndipo imbani foni kumalo anu oletsa poizoni (1-800-222-1222 ku United States nthawi yomweyo); onani poyizoni.
6. Tyitsani magetsi othamanga kwambiri kapena ma microwave-transformer spot-welder capacitor mosamala ndikudula mphamvu ya mains ngati womanga akhudzidwa ndi magetsi. Zowotcherera zotsika mtengo za DIY zomangidwa kuchokera ku ovuni ya microwave zosinthidwa (MOTs) zimatha kutha kupha 2,000-volt AC ngati zowotcherera zotsika pang'ono; musakhudze munthu wodzidzimuka mpaka pulagi ya khoma kapena chobowola chitazimitsidwa; onani kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.

flowchart TD
    Start["Soldering, Flux, kapena Battery Bench Emergency"] --> Incident{"Ndi ngozi yanji ya benchi yomwe yachitika?"}
    Incident -->|"Battery Spot-Welding Short, Hissing Cell, kapena Red-Hot Nickel Strip"| SpotShort["1. Gondotsani kafukufuku kapena kudula mzere wonyezimira wa faifi tambala ndi zodulira zotchingira<br/>2. OSATI gwira ma cell achidule kapena zitsulo zonyezimira ndi manja osavala<br/>3. Ngati ma cell akulira kapena kusuta, sunthani paketiyo ku ndowa yamchenga yachitsulo kapena panja<br/>4. Tulukani m'chipinda kuti mupewe utsi wapoizoni wa HF ndikuwotcha manja ozizira 20 min"]
    Incident -->|"Soldering Iron Contact, Hot Air Gun, kapena Molten Solder Burn"| IronBurn["1. Chotsani chitsulo kapena ikani motetezedwa muzitsulo zachitsulo<br/>2. Kuziziritsa kutentha pansi pa madzi ozizira oyenda pampopi kwa mphindi 20 zonse<br/>3. Chotsani mphete/mawotchi; osachotsa solder wosakanikirana kwambiri<br/>4. Phimbani ndi chovala chosabala chopanda ndodo"]
    Incident -->|"Liquid Acid Flux, Rosin Spatter, kapena Solder Pop mu Diso"| EyeSplash["1. Tsukani diso nthawi yomweyo pansi pa madzi oyenda bwino kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 30<br/>2. Chotsani magalasi panthawi yothirira<br/>3. OSATI KUKULA solder yolimba pa cornea ndi ma tweezers<br/>4. Pezani chithandizo chachangu cha ophthalmology"]
    Incident -->|"Flux Fume Wheezing kapena Acid Flux Ingestion"| FumeIngest["Kukoka mpweya: Mpweya watsopano + kaimidwe kowongoka + kupulumutsa mpweya<br/>Kuyamwa: OSATI kulimbikitsa kusanza; tsukani pakamwa ndikuyitanitsa Poison Control / EMS"]

Akabudula a lithiamu-ion cell spot-wotcherera ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi¶

Chifukwa chiyani ma cylindrical 18650 ndi 21700 ma cell amafupika mosavuta panthawi yowotcherera¶

Posonkhanitsa makonda a lithiamu-ion kapena lithiamu-iron-phosphate (\(\text{LiFePO}_4\)) mapaketi a batire a e-njinga, ma drones, zida zamagetsi, kapena posungira dzuwa, omanga amagwiritsa ntchito capacitive-discharge, thiransifoma, kapena zowotcherera za lipo-powered pulse spot kuti ziphatikize zoonda **0.15-to-milated nick-0.30 milli-nick-nick * zitsulo za nick * 0.30 kumapeto kwa ma cylindrical cell.

Mawonekedwe atatu a ma cylindrical cell (18650, 21700, 26650) amapanga msampha wofupika kwambiri kumapeto kwa selo:

1. ** The lonse zitsulo cell casing ndi zoipa, mpaka pamwamba zabwino crimp:** Mosiyana ndi banja AA zamchere batire kumene kunja zitsulo jekete zabwino, yamphamvu yamphamvu lithiamu-ion selo lonse lakuya zitsulo yamphamvu, kuphatikizapo ** lathyathyathya apangidwe pamwamba crimp (phewa) ** ozungulira chapakati positive batani, chikugwirizana mwachindunji anode * ** zoipa. Chingwe chotchinga chotchinga pulasitiki chopyapyala ndi chomangira chosalimba cha PVC kuphatikiza mphete yomata ya pepala la nsomba zimalekanitsa batani lapakati ndi phewa loipa lakunja losakwana 1 millimita (0.04 mainchesi).
2. Kuthamanga kwa probe ndi kuphulitsa kwa arc: Ngati woyendetsayo akanikizira maelekitirodi awiri amkuwa omwe amawotcherera pansi mokhota kotero kuti kafukufuku wina atsika kapu yowoneka bwino ndikuyika paphewa la selo, kapena ngati mphamvu yowotcherera iyaka ndi chokulunga chopyapyala cha PVC ndi mphete ya pepala ya nsomba pansi pa mzere wa faifi tambala, chopumiracho chimakhala chachifupi.
3. Zakabudula zofananira zapaketi: Mu paketi yayikulu yama cell angapo (monga 13S5P kapena 20S10P e-bike paketi), gulu lofananira la ma cell 5 mpaka 10 limazunguliridwa ndi busbar ya nickel, kugwetsa chowongolera chitsulo, Allen wrench, kapena magulu otayirira a nickel yamitundu iwiri* kudzera pamzere wopyapyala nthawi yomweyo.

Kuyankha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa batire yowotcherera kagawo kakang'ono kapena kutulutsa mpweya¶

1. Sungani kapena kugwetsa dera lalifupi osakhudza chitsulo chotentha ndi khungu lopanda kanthu:
2. Sungani awiri ** akuthwa, VDE-insulated diagonal zodulira** (kapena zowawa zolemera/malata zokhala ndi zotchingira zotsekeredwa) mkati mwa mikono yofikira pa benchi nthawi zonse powotcherera malo.
3. Ngati kabudula wa faifi tambala paphewa la selo ndikuyamba kunyezimira lalanje kapena kusuta, musagwire chingwecho ndi zala zanu. Yang'anani mbali yopapatiza kwambiri ya mzere wa faifi tambala ndi zodulira zotsekera kuti muthyole dera lamagetsi, kapena gwetsani chingwecho ndi dowel lamatabwa kapena spudger ya pulasitiki.
4. Yang'anani kutentha kwa cell yaifupi ndikumvetsera mpweya wolowera mkati:
5. Mukadula kachiduleko mkati mwa masekondi 1 mpaka 2 ndipo selo likutentha pang'ono (<45 °C / 113 °F) popanda kuwomba: Ikani selo pambali panja kapena mu chidebe chachitsulo chosatentha cha ammo/mchenga kwa maola 24 kuti muzizizire ndi kuyang'anira. Maselo ambiri amtundu wa cylindrical ali ndi mphamvu yamkati yomwe imatsegulidwa Current Interrupt Device (CID) ndi Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) ring pansi pa kapu yabwino yomwe imatsegulidwa kwamuyaya ikafupikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti selo likhale lofa bwino pa 0.0 volts. Osayesa kukhazikitsanso CID yokhotakhota pokankhira screwdriver m'mabowo apamwamba.
6. Ngati selo likutentha kwambiri (>60 °C / 140 °F), kuphulika, kuwomba, kugunda, kapena kutulutsa utsi woyera/wotuwa: Kuthamanga kwamafuta kwayamba mkati mwa ma elekitirodi a jelly-roll. Mkati mwa masekondi 5 mpaka 30, selo limatha kuyatsa moto pa 800 mpaka 1,000 madigiri Seshasi (1,470 mpaka 1,830 madigiri Fahrenheit) kapena kuphulika nsonga yake ya pamwamba ndi kutsegula pakati pa chipindacho ngati roketi.
7. Ikani selo lothawirako kapena pakitsani ndikuchotsa utsi wapoizoni nthawi yomweyo:
8. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zazitali zachitsulo, fosholo, kapena zikopa zowotcherera zikopa (pokhapokha moto usanayambe), gwetsani selo losuta kapena kunyamula mu ** ndowa yachitsulo yodzaza ndi mchenga wouma kapena vermiculite ** ndikunyamula kapena kuyisungunula panja kutali ndi zoyaka moto, kapena kugogoda pa khomo lopanda konkire, ndikuchotsani pakhomo lopanda kanthu.
9. Musapume mtambo wa nthunzi woyera kapena wotuwa: Lithium-ion electrolyte ili ndi lithiamu hexafluorophosphate (\(\text{LiPF}_6\)) yosungunuka mu zosungunulira za carbonate. Ikatenthedwa kapena ikakumana ndi chinyezi mumlengalenga (kapena m'mapapo), imawola kukhala hydrogen fluoride (\(\text{HF}\)) gas ndi phosphoryl fluoride (\(\text{POF}_3\)), pamodzi ndi carbon monoxide ndi hydrogen cyanide. Kupumira ngakhale mpweya wochuluka wa batire mkati mwa chipinda chogona chaching'ono kapena malo ochitiramo garage kungayambitse kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa mankhwala ovulala m'mapapo ndi kawopsedwe ka fluoride; onani lithiamu-ion batire moto ndi hydrofluoric acid, chochotsa dzimbiri, ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala.
10. Zimitsani ndikuziziritsa paketi yoyaka yamaselo ambiri ndi madzi ochulukira (mabomba amagetsi atayimitsidwa):
11. Mosiyana ndi mabatire olimba achitsulo a lithiamu, ma cell a lithiamu-ion ** omwe amatha kuchangidwanso amakhala ndi zitsulo zochepa kwambiri za lithiamu ndipo amawotcha makamaka chifukwa cha kutha kwa matenthedwe komanso kuyaka kwa organic zosungunulira. Kuyesa kwautumiki wamoto (NFPA ndi UL FSRI) kumatsimikizira kuti madzi ochuluka amadzi opanda kanthu ** ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kutali ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoziziritsira maselo oyandikana nawo mu paketi yamagulu ambiri pansi pa malo awo othawirako otentha (-130 mpaka 150 °C / 265 mpaka 300 °F**) ndikuyimitsa kuchoka ku selo kupita ku cell cascade. (Chozimitsa chozimitsa cha ufa cha ABC kapena mchenga umangoyaka moto wakunja kwakanthawi; ngati ma cell amakhala otentha mkati mwa mchenga, amapitilirabe kuthawa ndikuyatsanso.)

Kuwotcha kwachitsulo, kukonzanso mpweya wotentha, ndi chingwe choyera cha nickel¶

Chifukwa chiyani ma benchi akuwotcha amagetsi ndi ozama kuposa momwe amawonekera¶

Zamagetsi ndi omanga mabatire amavutika ndi mitundu itatu yowotcha pamanja ndi manja:

1. Chitsulo chodulira kapena kukhudzana ndi nsonga (315 mpaka 450 °C / 600 mpaka 840 °F): Chifukwa chitsulo chosungunulira chimakhala ndi ceramic kapena chinthu chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chomwe chimakanikizidwa molunjika kunsonga ya mkuwa, kukhudza mbiya kapena nsonga ngakhale masekondi 0.5 imasamutsira mphamvu yotentha yotentha, kusuntha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwamphamvu yamphamvu yozungulira. Pakatikati pa khungu loyera, lachikopa, komanso losapweteka (kuwotcha kwakuya kwambiri kapena kozama kwambiri).
2. Mzere wamfupi wa nickel wayaka (600 mpaka 1,000 °C / 1,100 mpaka 1,830 °F): Pamene womanga mwachibadwa ayesa kutsina ndikuchotsa kachingwe kakang'ono ka faifi tambala wa 0.2-millimeter ndi chala chake chachikulu ndi chala chake cholozera, mzerewo umatulutsa chala chake pakhungu ndikusiya minyewa yozama yachitsulo ndikusiya chitsulo chozama. vula.
3. Madontho osungunula osungunula ndi sipitala yotentha yotentha (183 mpaka 400 °C / 361 mpaka 750 °F): Madzi akamatsekeka mkati mwa chomangira chophwanyika, waya wopindidwa, kapena waya wopindika amaphulika kwambiri, amalavulira magawo a chitsulo chosungunula kapena lead-lead-free-lead kumbuyo kwa manja, manja, ntchafu, kapena nkhope.

Thandizo loyamba la sitepe ndi sitepe pakuwotchera ndi kuwotcherera malo¶

1. Tetezani chida chowotchacho kuti zisayatse moto: Bweretsani chitsulo chosungunulira muzitsulo zake zolemera kapena kukoka chingwe chamagetsi musanagwiritse dzanja lanu; chitsulo chogwetsedwa cha 400 °C chosiyidwa chili pamphasa yodulira, mapepala opangira, kapena botolo la mowa wa isopropyl chidzayatsa benchi yogwirira ntchito mukakhala pa sinki.
2. Thirirani motowo pansi pa madzi ampopi othamanga kwa mphindi 20 zonse:
3. Gwirani zala zowotchedwa, dzanja, kapena mkono wapamphumi pansi pamadzi apompopompo oziziritsa (pafupifupi 15 digiri Celsius / 59 degrees Fahrenheit) kwa mphindi 20 mosalekeza; onani amayaka.
4. Kuzizira kwa mphindi 20 kumatulutsa kutentha kotsalira kuchokera ku dermis, kuyimitsa ma cell necrosis mu zone of stasis, ndipo kumachepetsa kwambiri matuza, kuwawa, ndi kutsekeka kwa zipsera m'malo olumikizirana zala.
5. Musati muzipaka ayezi, madzi a ayezi, kuzizira kozizira (circuit chiller aerosol), batala, mankhwala otsukira mano, kapena thermal heatsink phala (Arctic Silver / silicone grease) powotcha. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pamoto wotenthetsera kumapangitsa kuti chilalacho chikhale pamwamba pa chipale chofewacho chimakwiyitsa chilondacho ndipo chimatenthetsa chilondacho.
6. Gwirani bwino madontho a solder olimba pakhungu:
7. Chifukwa chinyontho cha pakhungu chimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthunzi waung'ono (mphamvu ya Leidenfrost) ndipo mafuta apakhungu amalepheretsa kunyowa kuti asanyowe popanda kusungunuka, madontho ang'onoang'ono a solder osungunuka omwe amathira pakhungu lomwe silili bwino nthawi zambiri amalimba pakamphindi kakang'ono ndikugudubuzika kapena kukhala mosasunthika pakhungu lomwe lili ndi matuza. Lolani madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono atsuke mikanda ya solder.
8. Ngati dziwe lalikulu la solder wosungunuka kapena pulasitiki wosungunuka/machubu ochepetsa kutentha ayikidwa mwamphamvu pakhungu lakuya, lopsa, osalikoka kapena kukumba ndi zomangira. Ziziziritsani pazinthu zolimba ndi madzi oyenda kwa mphindi 20 ndikulola sing'anga kuti azichotsa pansi pa mankhwala oletsa kukomoka.
9. Tetezani matuza ndikuphimba ndi chovala chosamata chosamata:
10. Osawotcha matuza, mikondo, kapena peel pa zala kapena pachikhatho ndi mpeni kapena singano yosoka. Khungu la matuza lomwe lili ndi matuza ndilovala bwino kwambiri m'thupi losabala pamwamba pa dermis yaiwisi.
11. Phimbani moto woziziritsa bwino ndi chovala chosabala chopanda ndodo (monga petrolatum yopyapyala kapena silikoni yosamatira/filimu) yotchingidwa ndi yopyapyala yopyapyala.
12. Dziwani ngati dzanja kapena chala chapsa chikafuna kuunikanso mwachangu:
13. Kupsa kulikonse komwe kumawoneka ** koyera ngati chalk, phula, chopyapyala, kapena chachikopa **, kapena kumva dzanzi pakati pomwe kukhudzidwa pang'ono (kusonyeza kukhuthala pang'ono kapena kuwotcha kwathunthu).
14. Kuwotcha kulikonse komwe kumazungulira ** mozungulira ** kuzungulira chala (monga kuwotcha kwa mphete yafupikitsa) kapena kuwoloka minyewa yolumikizira chala, danga la chala chachikulu, kapena dzanja, pomwe chiwopsezo cha zipsera chingasokoneze kugwira ntchito kwa manja.
15. Kuwotcha kulikonse komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa electrolyte kuchokera mu cell ya lithiamu-ion (yomwe ingakhale ndi hydrofluoric acid yowononga yomwe imafuna mankhwala amtundu wa calcium gluconate gel kuchipatala; onani hydrofluoric acid, chochotsa dzimbiri, ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala).

Acid soldering flux imatayikira, utsi wa rosin, ndi kuphulika kwa maso¶

Kusiyanitsa zamagetsi rosin flux ndi corrosive acid metalworking flux¶

Sikuti mitundu yonse ya soldering imakhala ndi ngozi yofanana ndi mankhwala. Pakachitika ngozi, yang'anani botolo la flux, syringe, kapena matani latani nthawi yomweyo kuti mudziwe gulu lamankhwala lomwe mukulimbana nalo:

Thandizo la pang'onopang'ono la flux kapena solder yosungunuka imawazidwa m'maso¶

1. Madzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, phala, kapena kuwira kwa madzi otsekemera m'maso¶

1. Yambani kuthirira m'maso mosalekeza mkati mwa masekondi 10: Pitani nthawi yomweyo pamalo ochapira m'maso, m'madzi akukhitchini, kapena shawa ndikutsuka diso lomwe lakhudzidwalo ndi madzi apompopi ofunda, osasunthika kapena saline wosabala kwa mphindi zosachepera 15 mpaka 30** (Mphindi 30 zosachepera pa zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid, fluoride, fluoride, fluoride, fluoride, fluoride, fluoride, zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid, onani kuvulala m'maso ndi kuyaka kwambiri ndi kutulutsa mankhwala.
2. Ikani mutu kuti madzi oipitsidwa athamangire m'diso lomwe simunavulale: Pendekerani mutu cham'mbali diso lovulala likuyang'ana pansi kukhene kuti zinc chloride kapena asidi aziwononga mlatho wa mphuno ndi diso labwino.
3. Gwirani zikope motsegula ndipo tembenuzani diso mbali zonse: Kupweteka kwa mankhwala kumayambitsa kufinya koopsa kwa chikope (blepharospasm) komwe kumatsekereza acidity mkati mwa zigololo za kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa conjunctival (m'matumba akuya pansi pa zikope). Gwiritsani ntchito chala chanu chala chachikulu ndi cholozera kuti mutseke zivundikiro padera mukuyang'ana mmwamba, pansi, kumanzere, ndi kumanja pansi pa mtsinje wamadzi.
4. Chotsani magalasi olumikizirana pambuyo pa mphindi imodzi kapena 2 pakuyatsa koyamba: Musachedwe kuyamba kuthirira kuti mutulutse kaye lens, koma chotsani mandalawo mukangoyamba kuwotcha kuti asidi asatsekeredwe ku cornea.
5. Fufuzani ophthalmology yadzidzidzi kapena chisamaliro chachipatala mwamsanga mutatha kutulutsa: Bweretsani chidebe chotuluka kapena Safety Data Sheet (SDS) ku dipatimenti yadzidzidzi kuti asing'anga ayang'ane pamwamba pa pH ndi pepala la litmus ndikupitiriza kuthirira wosabala mpaka pH ya diso ibwerere mwakale (7.0 mpaka 7.4).

2. Chokhazikika chosungunuka cha solder droplet m'diso¶

Pamene chophatikizira chonyowa chimatuluka ndikuyaka dontho la tin-lead wosungunuka kapena SAC305 wopanda lead wopanda solder (183 mpaka 220+ °C) m'diso losatetezedwa:

1. Thirirani nthawi yomweyo ndi saline wosabala kapena madzi apampopi oyera kwa mphindi zingapo: Kanema wong'ambika pa cornea amazimitsa nthawi yomweyo ndikulimbitsa kadontho kakang'ono kachitsulo kukhala kansalu kakang'ono kopindika kopangidwa molingana ndi cornea kapena kutsekeredwa pansi pa chikope. Kuzizira kofulumira kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa corneal epithelium.
2. MUSAMAyese kuthyola, kupukuta, kapena kusenda solder yolimba m'diso ndi zomangira, zikhadabo, kapena thonje: Kuyesa kuthyola nsonga yopindika yomatira ku cornea kunyumba kumang'amba khutu lonse la cornea kapena kung'amba stroma.
3. Maso onse awiri akhale otseka ndi chishango chowala ndikupita kuchipatala kapena dokotala wa maso: Katswiri wa maso adzapereka dontho lopha mankhwala opha, kunyamula chotchinga cholimbacho bwinobwino ndi maikulosikopu, kudetsa diso ndi fluorescein, ndi kupereka madontho a mankhwala. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pamene splashes zachiphamaso zimazizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuchotsedwa mwadzidzidzi ndi katswiri popanda kukwapula kunyumba, corneal epithelium nthawi zambiri imachira kwathunthu mkati mwa maola 48 mpaka 72.

Thandizo loyamba la soldering flux fume inhalation ndi kuyamwa¶

• Rosin (colophony) kapena acid flux fume inhalation: Ngati wokonda kuchita zinthu mopupuluma kapena katswiri ayamba kutsokomola, kuwotcha pakhosi, kumangika pachifuwa, kapena kupuma movutikira akumangirira pabenchi popanda chopopera utsi, zimitsani potentherapo nthawi yomweyo, sunthirani munthuyo ku mpweya wabwino wakunja, masulani zovala zothina, ndi kumukhazika mowongoka. Ngati ali ndi mphumu kapena ali ndi bronchodilator yopulumutsira inhaler (albuterol/salbutamol), athandizeni kuti amwe; onani mphumu. Ngati kupuma, stridor (phokoso lopumira kwambiri), kapena kupuma movutikira kumapitilirabe, makamaka mukakoka zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid, kapena fluoride flux fumes, imbani thandizo ladzidzidzi (911 / 112 / 999) nthawi yomweyo.
• Kumwa mwangozi madzi amadzimadzi (omwe nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'mabotolo osalembedwa kapena makapu): Magalasi opaka utoto wamadzimadzi amawoneka ngati madzi oyera kapena madzi achikasu ndipo nthawi zambiri amamezedwa mwangozi ndi ana kapena akulu omwe amalakwitsa kapu yotuluka pabenchi kuti amwe. Osayamba kusanza ndipo musapatse soda (sodium bicarbonate) kuti achepetse asidi omwe amalowa m'thupi (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uzikhala woopsa kwambiri womwe ungawononge m'mimba). Muzimutsuka ndi kulavulira pakamwa bwino ndi madzi, perekani madzi pang'ono kapena mkaka kuti amwe **pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo ali ndi chidziwitso, tcheru, ndipo amatha kumeza popanda kupweteka kapena kumeza **, ndikuyitana Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 ku United States) kapena 911 / 112 / 999 nthawi yomweyo; onani poyizoni.

Kapewedwe ka chiphe wa lead ndi mndandanda wachitetezo cha benchi yamagetsi¶

Ngakhale poyizoni wapoizoni wapoizoni sachitika chifukwa chokoka utsi wanthawi zonse wotenthetsera wachitsulo (chifukwa chiwongolero chachitsulo chimangotulutsa nthunzi wochuluka pamwamba pa 480 mpaka 500 digiri Celsius / 900 digiri Fahrenheit, pamwamba pa kutentha kwanthawi zonse kwa 350 °C), **kuwopsezera kwa lead kosalekeza kumachitika kudzera m'manja, fumbi la lead, ndi fumbi la lead. zotsalira za flux pa zala:

• Magalasi otetezedwa a ANSI Z87.1 kapena magalasi owala nthawi yonse yowotcherera ndi kuwotcherera pamalo: Ma solder akunja kwa buluu, zotchingira zopindika zowuluka ndikuwuluka mwachangu, ndipo zowotcherera pamalopo zimachitika popanda chenjezo.
• Mapepala a balere (mapepala a nsomba) amalira pa selo iliyonse ya cylindrical lithiamu-ion: Osawona-wotcherera paketi ya batire ya 18650 kapena 21700 popanda kumamatira mphete zomatira pamapewa abwino a selo lililonse ndikuyang'ana zokulunga zonse za PVC za ma nick.
• Chidebe chamchenga chachitsulo ndi zodulira zosungunulira za VDE pa benchi ya batire: Sungani zodulira zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza ndi chidebe chachitsulo chodzaza theka ndi mchenga wowuma pafupi ndi chowotcherera pamalo anu.
• Sungani moto woyaka wa isopropyl alcohol (IPA) wosindikizidwa komanso kutali ndi zitsulo zotentha ndi zowotcherera: Osasiya kapu kapena chubu chotsegula cha 91% kapena 99% isopropyl alcohol PCB chotsukira pafupi ndi siteshoni yowotchera mpweya wotentha kapena chowotcherera batire; Kuwala kumodzi kumayatsa moto wosawoneka wa buluu pa benchi.
• Kuchotsa fume pa benchi yogwira: Gwiritsani ntchito chopopera cha ESD-safe solder fume extractor chokhala ndi HEPA + sefa ya mpweya wa bedi wakuzama (kapena potulukira panja) yoikidwa mkati mwa 15 mpaka 25 centimita (6 mpaka 10 mainchesi) kuchokera kunsonga yachitsulo. Mapadi owonda akuda amtundu wakuda okha sagwira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono kapena mpweya wa asidi.
• Kusamba m'manja mwamphamvu komanso osadya kapena kumwa pa benchi yolumikizira: Osadya, kumwa, kusuta, kapena vape pa benchi yamagetsi, ndikusamba m'manja ndi sopo ndi madzi (kapena sopo wa D-Lead) mutagwira solder (60/40 kapena 63/37 SnPb) kapena zotsukira siponji zamkuwa.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi mutha kupeza poizoni wotsogolera pakupuma utsi womwe umatuluka pa 60/40 lead electronics solder?¶

Pa kutentha kwabwino kwamagetsi pa kutentha kwa 315 mpaka 380 digiri Celsius (600 mpaka 715 madigiri Fahrenheit), utsi woyera wowoneka wotuluka kuchokera pamfundoyi umakhala pafupifupi 100 peresenti ya rosin kapena organic flux, osati mpweya wotsogola, chifukwa zitsulo zotsogola sizitulutsa mpweya wofunika kwambiri mpaka utatenthedwa kuposa madigiri 40080 mpaka 50080 Celsius. Komabe, utsi wowonekawo umakhala wowopsa kupuma chifukwa vaporized pine rosin (colophony) imakhala ndi resin acid ndi aldehydes zomwe zimathandizira mpweya ndikuyambitsa mphumu yapantchito. Kuyamwidwa ndi lead kuchokera ku soldering kumachitika makamaka kudzera pamanja kupita kukamwa mukakhudza mawaya a lead, doss, kapena zotsukira nsonga zamkuwa ndikukhudza chakudya, zakumwa, kapena mkamwa mwanu osasamba m'manja.

Chifukwa chiyani batire yanga ya 18650 idayaka mwamphamvu ndikuwotcherera chingwe cha nickel chotentha kwambiri nditagwira pamwamba pa cell yokha?¶

Mosiyana ndi batire ya AA yapakhomo pomwe chipolopolo chachitsulo chakunja chili chabwino, silinda yonse yachitsulo ya 18650 kapena 21700 cell lithiamu-ion ndiyoyimitsa, kuphatikiza chitsulo chathyathyathya (mapewa) chopindika mozungulira m'mphepete mwa cell. Batani lokwezeka lapakati lowoneka bwino limasiyanitsidwa ndi phewa lakunja loyipalo ndi zosakwana 1 millimeter (0.04 mainchesi) ya pulasitiki yopyapyala yotchingira ndi zokutira za PVC zochepetsa kutentha. Ngati kansalu kanu kawotcherera kapena kansalu kokhotakhota kakanikizira pansi mokhotakhota, kutsika batani lapakati, kapena kusungunula ndi kapu yotsekera pamwamba pamphepo, mumapanga kafupi kafupipafupi pakati pa kapu yabwino ndi cholakwika chomwe chingathe kutaya ma amperes 100 apano nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndingatani ngati kampira kakang'ono ka solder wosungunuka katulukira m'diso langa ndikumangirira?¶

Yambani diso lanu pang'onopang'ono ndi saline wosabala kapena madzi ofunda ofunda kwa mphindi zingapo, chotsani mandala aliwonse ngati alipo, ndipo musayese kuchotsa kapena kupukuta chitsulo cholimbacho pa diso lanu ndi zomangira kapena thonje. Chifukwa filimu yong'ambika yomwe ili m'diso lanu imaziziritsa kadontho kakang'ono kakang'ono ka sekondi imodzi, solderyo imalimba kukhala kachitsulo kakang'ono kakang'ono kachitsulo komwe kamakhala pa cornea kapena conjunctiva. Kuyesera kudzichotsa nokha kumatha kuchotsa diso kapena kupukuta diso, pamene katswiri wa ophthalmologist kapena dokotala wadzidzidzi akhoza kuchititsa dzanzi diso ndikukweza mkanda wokhazikika bwino pansi pa maikulosikopu.

Chifukwa chiyani magalasi opaka utoto kapena ma plumbing soldering flux ndi owopsa kwambiri m'maso ndi m'mapapo kuposa kutulutsa zamagetsi?¶

Standard electronics solder imagwiritsa ntchito rosin wofatsa (pine sap) kapena ofooka organic osayera fluxes opangidwa kuti asawononge zingwe zozungulira zamkuwa. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma heavy-duty liquid and paste fluxes opangira magalasi, mapaipi amkuwa, zitsulo, kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri amakhala ndi ma inorganic acid (makamaka zinc chloride pa 20 mpaka 50 peresenti, ammonium chloride, ndi hydrochloric acid) kapena ma fluoride owononga. Kuthira kwa zinc chloride acid m'maso kumayambitsa kuyaka kofulumira, kozama komwe kungathe kuphimba cornea mpaka mphindi imodzi pokhapokha ngati atapitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi oyenda kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 30, ndipo kutulutsa nthunzi wake wa asidi wowira kungayambitse kuvulala koopsa kwa mpweya.

*Bukhuli limapereka chidziwitso chokonzekera mwadzidzidzi komanso chidziwitso cha chithandizo choyamba pakumanga batire pack, soldering, ndi ngozi zakusintha kwamankhwala ndipo sizilowa m'malo mwaukadaulo waukadaulo wamagetsi kapena chisamaliro chachipatala. Ganizirani za kulandira chithandizo choyamba chovomerezeka ndi CPR kuchokera ku Red Cross, St John Ambulance, kapena bungwe lanu lachitetezo cha dziko.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Moto wa batri wa Lithium-ion, kuphulika kwa e-bike, ndi kuthawa kwamafuta
• Kutentha kwamafuta, mankhwala, ndi magetsi
• Kuwotcha kwambiri ndi kuwotcha mankhwala
• Hydrofluoric acid, chochotsa dzimbiri, ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala
• Kuvulala kwamaso ndi kuphulika kwa mankhwala
• Kugwedezeka kwamagetsi ndi electrocution thandizo loyamba

Magwero afufuzidwa¶

• Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Controlling Health Risks from Rosin (Colophony) Based Solder Flux Fumes (INDG249 / EH40 Malire Owonekera Pantchito)
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC, United States): Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards for Zinc Chloride Fume, Hydrogen Chloride, and Rosin Core Solder Pyrolysis Products
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States) ndi UL Fire Safety Research Institute (UL FSRI): Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway, Vent Gas Toxicity (Hydrogen Fluoride), ndi Fire Suppression Guidelines
• American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO, United States): Emergency Management of Ocular Chemical Burns (Zinc Chloride / Acid Fluxes) ndi Intraocular/Corneal Molten Metal Foreign Bodies
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Atsogolere pa Ntchito Zomangamanga ndi Zazambiri (29 CFR 1910.1025) ndi Zida Zodzitetezera Payekha Zoteteza Maso ndi Nkhope (29 CFR 1910.133)