Kutsekeredwa Mkati mwa Mufiriji Wamalonda kapena Woziziritsa: Kutulutsidwa Mwadzidzidzi ndi Kupulumuka¶

Zozizira zamalonda (zimagwira ntchito pa 1 mpaka 4 digiri Celsius / 34 mpaka 40 madigiri Fahrenheit) ndi mafiriji oyenda mufiriji (amagwira ntchito pa minus 18 mpaka kuchotsera 30 digiri Celsius / 0 mpaka kuchotsera madigiri 22 Fahrenheit, zoziziritsa kuphulika zapadera zomwe zimafika ku minusrenheit40 digiri Celsius) zipinda zotchingidwa kwambiri ndi polyurethane-core zomwe zimayikidwa m'makhitchini odyera, masitolo akuluakulu, mahotela, zipatala, malo opangira moŵa, ndi mosungiramo mozizira. Khomo lililonse lamakono lolowera pakhomo limafunikira mwalamulo kukhala ** chotchingira chamkati mkati-mu-mdima chotulutsa chitetezo ** (kapena push-rod panic bar) chomwe chimapangidwira kupitilira loko ndikutsegula latch kuchokera mkati. Komabe ogwira ntchito ndi oima pafupi amatsekeredwa m'mafiriji oyenda-mufiriji chaka chilichonse pamene mpweya wonyezimira umaundana ndi chitetezo chamkati mkati mwa manja ake amkuwa, pamene fiberglass push-rod imachotsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa ndi mphamvu ya pallet jack, pamene mulu wa mabokosi oziziritsa kapena kugudubuza bakery ya chitseko chotsegula chitseko cha khomo la fakitale. zovuta panjira yake yayikulu.

Mufiriji wolowera mufiriji wochepera madigiri 23 Celsius (osachepera 10 digiri Fahrenheit), mafani a evaporator akuwomba mpweya wothamanga kwambiri wapansi paziro mosalekeza kudutsa bokosilo, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mphepo yoziziritsa kukhosi kuzizira kwamphepo kosachepera madigiri 35 Celsius (kuchepetsa madigiri 31 Fahrenheit) yomwe imavula malaya opyapyala a thonje kapena khitchini yowotcha ya thonje. mphindi. Choyipa kwambiri, mkati mwachakumwa cholowera muzoziziritsa zoziziritsa kukhosi masilinda a carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) amowa ndi akasupe a soda, kapena m'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zoziziritsidwa ndi anhydrous ammonia (\(NH_3\)) kapena nayitrogeni wamadzi, cholumikizira chotayira chimasandutsa bokosi losindikizidwa kukhala lakupha nthawi yomweyo. Kudziwa kumasula achisanu mkati kuwala plunger popanda snapping pulasitiki mfundo yake, mmene disassemble ndi mkati kumenya nyumba kapena kukankhira kudzera maginito gasket, mmene kutseka kapena kutsekereza pamwamba evaporator mafani kuti asiye convective kutentha imfa, ndi mmene kuyambitsa khitchini ndi mkulu-kutentha Alamu kuitana kupulumutsa amapulumutsa miyoyo; sungani kwanuko manambala angozi zosungidwa, ndi kubwereza hypothermia ndi frostbite thandizo loyamba, carbon dioxide ndi dry ice asphyxiation,ndi kutsekereza danga kupuma.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Yesani mpweya wanu ndikuwona ngati fungo lopweteka kapena chizungulire mwadzidzidzi m'masekondi atatu oyambirira. Ngati olowera m'nyumba zokhalamo mowa/soda ma tanki a carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) ndipo mukumva kuluma kwakuthwa kwa asidi wa carbonic m'mphuno mwanu kapena kupuma modzidzimutsa, kapena ngati mukumva fungo lopweteka ammonia mufiriji ** masekondi 3 kapena kutsegula chitseko chosakwana masekondi 6 kapena 30, mumatsegula chitseko chosakwana 6 * 0 * kapena 30 chitseko. thyola zenera lagalasi musanakomoke.
2. *Pezani chikhomo chotetezera chozungulira chowala mkati mwa chitseko (ngakhale magetsi atazimitsidwa) ndikukankhira molunjika panja pogwiritsa ntchito chikhatho chathyathyathya cha dzanja lanu. * Musati ** musamenye chikhomo cham'mbali kapena kuchimenya ndi chidendene cha boot, chomwe chimadula ndodo ya fiberglass yamkati; ngati ayezi agwira plunger, sungunulani kapena kung'amba manja a ayezi pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa manja anu opanda kanthu ndi mpweya wotentha kapena pogogoda mozungulira mozungulira kolala yachitsulo musanakankhire molunjika.
3. Ngati chitseko chatchingidwa kunja kapena ndodo ya plunger yathyoka, AYImitsani kuzizira kwamphepo nthawi yomweyo potseka kapena kutsekereza mafani a mpweya wa evaporator. Yang'anani pa bokosi la evaporator lokwera padenga kapena pambali pa chowotcha chamkati cha ** fan toggle switch** (kapena masulani chingwe chachifupi cholukidwa champhamvu cha fan ku mbali ya chowombera chapatsogolo kapena chowotcherera cha jam), mpweya wochepera ziro umasiya kuphulika thupi lanu lonse.
4. OSAKHUDZANI manja opanda kanthu, zala, kapena milomo molunjika ku zipsepse za aluminiyamu zopanda mpweya, makoma azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, kapena mashelufu achitsulo osapitirira 20 digiri Seshasi (osachepera 4 digiri Seshasi). Khungu lonyowa limaundana nthawi yomweyo mpaka zitsulo zosachepera ziro zikakhudza; nthawi zonse mangani manja anu mu apuloni youma, makatoni, kapena manja anu a malaya musanagwire zitseko zachitsulo kapena zida.
5. klzzwxh:0037 Pezani waya wawung'ono wachitsulo kapena wapusitiki wokulirapo wa pensulo wokhomeredwa kukhoma lamkati (kawirikawiri pafupi ndi chitseko kapena chowotcha mpweya) ndipo igwiritsireni mwamphamvu pachibakera chanu chotsekedwa kapena kupumirapo kwa mphindi zitatu; kukweza sensa pamwamba pa 4 mpaka 10 digiri Celsius (madigiri 40 mpaka 50 Fahrenheit) kumayatsa mkokomo wa piezo ndi alamu yofiyira yonyezimira pakhoma lakukhitchini lakunja kapena ofesi ya manejala.
6. *Mangani chikwa chotchinga chotchinga pansi pachitsulo chozizira chozizira pogwiritsa ntchito makatoni owuma a malata ndi zokutira zapulasitiki. Osakhala kapena kugona molunjika pansi pa mbale ya aluminiyamu ya diamondi; sungani zigawo 4 mpaka 6 za makatoni ophwanyika pansi pa mapazi anu ndi mpando, zinthu zopindika pepala kapena makatoni mkati mwa malaya anu ndi thalauza, ndikukulunga filimu yotambasula mozungulira mozungulira torso yanu kuti mutseke kutentha kwa thupi pamene mukugwedeza mwamphamvu pakhoma ndi chinthu cholimba (osati nkhonya zanu) pamene mafani akuzungulira.

Mtengo wosankha: Kutsekeredwa mufiriji kapena mufiriji wamalonda¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Otsekeredwa kapena Otsekeredwa Mkati mwa Malonda Ozizira Ozizira kapena Mufiriji"] --> GasCheck{"Kodi pali kutayikira kwa thanki ya CO2, chifunga chowuma cha ayezi, kapena fungo lakuthwa la ammonia?"}
    GasCheck -->|"INDE: Kupuma mpweya kapena Toxic Refrigerant Hazard"| GasEscape["1. MUSAMAGWEDWE pafupi ndi pansi (madziwe a CO2 pamlingo wapansi); 2. Kankhani plunger yotulutsa mkati ndi mphamvu yowongoka kwambiri ya kanjedza; 3. Ngati chitseko chili chopiringizika ndipo chozizirirapo chili ndi zitseko zowonetsera magalasi, phwanyani kapena tsegulani zitseko zamagalasi kuti zitseguke munjira yogulitsira nthawi yomweyo; 4. Gwirani mpweya ndikutuluka mumpweya wabwino; imbani 911/112/999"]
    GasCheck -->|"NO: Mpweya Ukhoza Kupuma, Khomo Silidzatsegulidwa"| DoorType{"Chifukwa chiyani chitseko cholowera chikulephera kutsegulidwa?"}
    DoorType -->|"Chitseko Changomenyedwa Kwambiri (Vacuum Pressure Lock)"| VacuumLock["1. Dikirani masekondi 15 mpaka 30 kuti mutulutse mpweya wotentha kuti mufanane ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya; 2. Kapena lowetsani ndalama, kiyi, kapena tsamba lodulira mabokosi kuseri kwa gasket ya chitseko cha rabara pakona kuti muthyole chisindikizo; 3. Kankhani chitseko chitseguke mosalekeza"]
    DoorType -->|"Internal Glow Plunger Yozizira Ndi Ice Kapena Yosweka"| FixLatch["1. OSATI KUKWETSA Plunger cham'mbali (snaps rod); 2. Manja ofunda a mkuwa otenthedwa ndi manja opanda kanthu/mpweya kuti asungunuke kolala ya ayezi, kenako kukankhira kunja molunjika; 3. Ngati ndodo ikusowa, ikani screwdriver, cholembera, kapena ndodo yachitsulo yopima thermometer pabowo kukankhira bawuti yakunja; 4. Kapena masulani mbale zamkati / ma hinge backing bolts ngati zilipo"]
    DoorType -->|"Ngolo Yolemera/Mabokosi Otsekera Chitseko Kunja Kapena Chitseko Chotsetsereka Chaphwanyidwa"| SurviveAndSignal["1. Zimitsani masinthidwe a fani ya evaporator kapena kutsekereza magalasi ndi makatoni nthawi yomweyo; 2. Gwirani mkati mwakhoma kutentha kwa sensor probe m'manja ofunda kwa mphindi zitatu kuti muyambitse alamu yakunja; 3. Ngati zitseko zowonetsera chakumwa chagalasi zili pakhoma limodzi, kukwera pamashelufu ndikukankhira kunja kudzera pachitseko chowonetsera; 4. Mangani zomatira pansi pa makatoni ndi suti yotsekera; paundi zitsulo latch ndi chinthu cholimba"]

Chifukwa chiyani chitseko cholowera chikukana kutsegulidwa (ndi momwe mungagonjetsere makina aliwonse)¶

Musanatope poponya phewa lanu pachitseko chachitsulo chochindikala masentimita 10 (inchi 4), dziwani kuti mwa zifukwa zinayi zotsekera ndi makina ndi ziti zomwe zatsekereza chitseko:

1. Chotsekera cha 30-sekondi 30 chotenthetsera (kukokera kwa mpweya chitseko chikawomba)¶

Mukalowa mufiriji yochepera 20-degree-Celsius (minus-4-degree-Fahrenheit) kuchokera kukhitchini yotentha ya madigiri 27-Celsius (80-degree-Fahrenheit), mpweya wofunda umalowa mkati. Nthawi yomweyo chitseko chimatsekedwa, mpweya wozizira wa sub-zero umazizira mpweya wofunda ndi madigiri 45 Celsius mumasekondi.

Ndi Ideal Gas Law (\(PV = nRT\)), mpweya woziziritsa umagwirizanitsa ndikupanga ** vacuum yolimba pang'ono ** mkati mwa bokosi losindikizidwa. Ngakhale kutsika kwakung'ono kwa ** 0.035 bar (0.5 psi) ** kudutsa khomo la 0.9-by-2.0-mita (3-by-6.5-foot) kumakokera mkati motsutsana ndi gasket yake ndi **600 kilograms (1,300 pounds) ya mphamvu yokoka **.

• ** Momwe mungagonjetsere loko yotsekera mumasekondi 10: **
• Dikirani kwa masekondi 15 mpaka 30 kuti muthe doko lothandizira kutentha: Mufiriji uliwonse wolowera mufiriji umakhala ndi kakhomo kakang'ono kotenthetsera kothandizira kutsitsa kupsinjika pafupi ndi denga lomwe limalilira mofewa kwa masekondi 15 mpaka 30 popeza mpweya wakunja umafanana ndi kupanikizika.
• Dulani chosindikizira cha maginito pakona: Ngati khomo lolowera lazizira, tsitsani spatula, kiyi, ndalama, chodulira bokosi, kapena zala zanu zamagilovu pakati pa gasket ya chitseko cha rabara ndi chimango. Kupaka kusiyana kwa masentimita 5 (2-inchi) kumapangitsa mpweya wakukhitchini kukhala mluzu mkati, ndikuphwanya kuyamwa kwa ma kilogalamu 600 nthawi yomweyo.

2. Plunger yachitetezo chamkati yowuma kapena yowonongeka (Kason push-rod)¶

Zitseko zolowera zamalonda zimaphatikiza lachi yakunja yokhala ndi bowa wonyezimira mkati mwamdima wolumikizidwa ndi galasi la fiberglass kapena ndodo yachitsulo yodutsa pakhomo la thovu la masentimita 10 (4 inchi). Ngakhale zitakhoma panja ndi loko, kukankhira plunger yamkati molunjika kumatulutsa pini yakunja kapena kulumikiza kamera yamkati kuti chitseko chitseguke.

Ngati chinyezi chaundana mozungulira tsinde kapena konoko chitawonongeka, gwiritsani ntchito njira yodutsayo pakulephera kumeneko:

3. Supermarket / sitolo yabwino yolowera mkati mozizira yokhala ndi zitseko zowonetsera magalasi ("Mapanga a Mowa")¶

Ngati atatsekeredwa mkati mwa sitolo yayikulu, sitolo yabwino, kapena malo ozizira oyenda pamaluwa momwe khoma limodzi lili ndi zitseko zowonetsera magalasi moyang'anizana ndi kanjira kogulitsira:

1. SIMUNAtsekerezedwa: Mashelefu amawaya kuseri kwa zitseko zagalasizo ndi mashelefu a positi ndi makolala kapena zodzigudubuza za mphamvu yokoka.
2. Tulukani pa chitseko chogulitsira magalasi: Kankhirani zakumwa kuchokera pa shelufu yapakati, kwezerani shelufu yamawaya m'mwamba kuchoka pa malaya ake apulasitiki (kapena kukwawirani pakati pa mashelefu), kanikizani khomo lolowera magalasi osakhoma, ndikulowa munjira yogulitsira.

4. Kupanikizana mafakitale yopingasa kutsetsereka zitseko mufiriji¶

M'malo osungiramo ozizira, zitseko za forklift zimagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto olemera kapena amanja ** zitseko zotsetsereka zopingasa ** panjira zam'mwamba. Ngati njanji ikuphwanyidwa muli mkati:

1. Kokani chingwe chofiira chamkati cha Emergency Manual Disengage: Khomo lililonse la mota lili ndi chingwe chofiyira chamkati pafupi ndi mutu chomwe chimadula chokokera palamba kapena tcheni.
2. Kwezani m'mphepete mwake kuchokera pamphepo yapansi: Zitseko zotsetsereka zimagwera pama weji apansi akatsekedwa. Gwiritsani ntchito pry bar, pallet jack fork, kapena pallet plan ngati chiwongolero pansi pa m'mphepete mwake kuti mukweze ** 1 centimita (0.4 mainchesi)** kuchoka pa cam wedge kuti izungulire mopingasa.

Mphindi 5 zoyambirira zopulumuka pamene chitseko chatsekedwa kunja¶

Ngati choyikapo cholemera, mphasa wakugwa, kapena shelefu yogwa itatchinga kunja kwa chitseko cholowera kunja, kukankhira pulayi yamkati sikungasunthe chotchingacho. Kupulumuka kwanu kumadalira **kuyimitsa kutentha kwa convective ** ndi **kuyambitsa alamu yakunja **.

Khwerero 1: Iphani kuzizira kwa mphepo ya sub-zero potseka kapena kutsekereza mafani a evaporator¶

Mkati mwa firiji yochepera 20-degree-Celsius (minus-4-degree-Fahrenheit) mufiriji, mpweya umagwirabe kutentha pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, zotchingira padenga mafani a evaporator amaphulitsa mpweya wa zero pa 15 mpaka 25 kilomita pa ola (10 mpaka 15 mailosi pa ola), kuchulukitsa kutayika kwa kutentha ** kanayi mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi** ndi kuzizira khungu loyera mu 10 mpaka 20 mphindi:

1. Sinthani cholumikizira chotsekera chamkati cha evaporator: Chongani bokosi lolowera m'mbali mwa denga la evaporator nyumba kapena pafupi ndi chosinthira chowunikira cha chosinthira chitsulo chomwe chimapha mphamvu ya mafani.
2. Chotsani zingwe za fan motor pigtail: Pa zotulutsa mpweya zambiri, injini ya fani iliyonse imalumikiza munsalu ndi chingwe chachifupi cha 3-prong; kulungani dzanja lanu mu nsalu youma ndikutulutsa mapulagi.
3. Letsani mawotchi otenthetsera ndi makatoni athyathyathya: Ngati ali ndi mawaya olimba osasintha, ng'ambani makatoni awiri akulu akulu ndikumangirira mapepala athyathyathya kudutsa alonda akutsogolo (kapena cholowera kumbuyo) cha bokosi la evaporator. Izi zimayimitsa mphepo ya sub-zero nthawi yomweyo ndikupangitsa kuti koyiloyo ikhale ndi chisanu, ndikuyambitsa defrost kapena alarm alarm pachoyikapo chachikulu.

Khwerero 2: Yambitsani Ma Alamu akunja Otentha Kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa thupi lanu¶

Zozizira ndi zoziziritsa zamalonda zili ndi chiyerekezo chakunja cha digito ndi alamu yotentha kwambiri kunja kwa chitseko (nthawi zambiri zolumikizidwa ndi zidziwitso zamawu oyang'anira kuti azitsatira chitetezo cha chakudya). Iba alamu pasanathe mphindi zitatu:

1. Pezani zowunikira pakhoma: Tsatani chingwe chopyapyala cholowera pachitseko chakumtunda kapena pafupi ndi cholowetsa mpweya ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena chofufuzira chapulasitiki chooneka ngati chipolopolo (pafupifupi kukula kwa fyuluta ya ndudu).
2. Yesetsani nsonga ya sensa munkhonya yanu yopanda kanthu: Osadula** waya. Ikani nsonga ya probe mkati mwa chikhato chanu chopanda kanthu, mkhwapa, kapena mpweya wapakamwa kwa **2 mpaka 5 mphindi zopitirira . Kuwotha chipangizocho kuchokera pa 20 digiri Celsius mpaka ku kuphatikiza 10 mpaka 20 digiri Celsius (50 mpaka 68 degrees Fahrenheit) kumayatsa ** alarm yakunja ya piezo ndi nyali yofiyira yonyezimira kukhitchini ndikutumiza chenjezo lodzidzimutsa la kutentha kwapamwamba.
3. Yatsani dial iliyonse yamakina ya thermostat: Ngati choyimba cha babu-ndi-capillary chayikidwa pakhoma, chitembenuzireni kuti chikhale chofunda kwambiri kuti muzimitse solenoid yozizirira.

Khwerero 3: Mangani makatoni okhala ndi malata ndi malo opulumukiramo¶

Mufiriji wolowera mufiriji muli zotsekera ziwiri zapadera zotenthetsera: mabokosi a malata amitundu ingapo (njira zowuluka mpweya) ndi filimu yokulunga ya pallet ya polyethylene (chotchinga mpweya woletsa mphepo):

Zowopsa za kupuma: Carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)), madzi oundana owuma, ndi kutuluka kwa firiji¶

Zida zoziziritsa kukhosi nthawi zambiri zimakhala masilinda amadzi ambiri a carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) opangira mowa ndi akasupe a soda, pomwe zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zoziziritsa ku labu ayisi wowuma (wozizira \(CO_2\) osachepera 78.5 digiri Celsius / kuchotsera 109 degrees Fahrenheit). Chifukwa mabokosi olowera mkati ali ndi ziro mpweya wabwino wa mpweya, payipi ya \(CO_2\) yomwe ikuwotha, chithaphwi chowomberedwa, kapena nkhokwe yowuma ya ayezi imapanga msampha wakupha:

1. Chifukwa chiyani carbon dioxide imapha mofulumira: Pamwamba pa 5 mpaka 7 peresenti (\(50,000\malemba{ mpaka }70,000\text{ppm}\)), \(CO_2\) imayambitsa acidosis ya kupuma movutirapo, ndipo pa 10 peresenti (\(100,000\text{ppm}\)) imayambitsa kugwedezeka, ngakhale kupha koopsa,*1 mphindi imodzi ngati mpweya wabwino utsalira; onani carbon dioxide ndi dry ice asphyxiation. Chifukwa kuzizira \(CO_2\) ndi **1.5 nthawi zolemera kuposa mpweya **, kumasambira kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba, kugwetsa aliyense wogwada kapena kugwa.
2. Kuzindikira kutayikira nthawi yomweyo:
3. Carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)): Imatulutsa kuthwa kwadzidzidzi, kumva kuluma kwa mphuno, mmero, ndi maso kuphatikiza kukoma kwachitsulo kowawa komanso kupuma modzidzimutsa.
4. Anhydrous ammonia (\(NH_3\)): Fungo lopweteka kwambiri lomwe limatentha maso ndi mapapo.
5. Firiji za Halocarbon / HFC: Zotsekemera kwambiri kapena zopanda fungo, zimasonkhana pafupi ndi pansi ndikupangitsa chizungulire ndi kusokonezeka kwa mtima.
6. Lamulo lopulumutsira munthu yemwe wakomoka mkati mwa chozizira choyenda: MUSAMAYANG'WE mu chozizira cholowera ndikulola chitseko chitseke kumbuyo kwanu kuti muwone wantchito mnzathu wagwa. Yang'anani kunja \(CO_2\) / Oxygen Monitor strobe kunja kwa chitseko choyamba. Thandizani chitseko ** 100 peresenti yotseguka kuchokera kunja ** yokhala ndi mphero yolemera kotero kuti gasi wapansi-pansi akutsanuliridwa, imbani 911 / 112 / 999 kuti mupulumutse SCBA, ndikungotulutsa wovulalayo ndi akakolo awo ngati mungathe kuwafikira mutayimirira kunja kwa mpweya wabwino; onani kutsekereza danga kupuma.

Thandizo loyamba mutapulumutsa munthu mufiriji¶

1. Petserani "afterdrop" kumangidwa kwa mtima mu hypothermia yoopsa: Ngati wovulalayo atsekeredwa kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 60 ** asokonezeka, amalankhula mopanda phokoso, akupunthwa, kapena wasiya kunjenjemera** (kutentha kwapakati pansi 32 digiri Celsius / 90 digiri Fahrenheit), zigwireni modekha mopingasa; onani hypothermia ndi frostbite thandizo loyamba. **Musamawapangitse kuyenda kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo musawaike mu shawa yotentha **, yomwe imatulutsa magazi ozizira kwambiri kuchokera ku miyendo kubwerera kumtima (**afterdrop **) ndi kuyambitsa ventricular fibrillation.
2. Yambitsani thunthu lapakati: Bwezerani zovala zonyowa m'chipinda chofunda, kulungani mabulangete owuma, ikani mapaketi ofunda ofunda ** pachifuwa, m'khwapa, ndi m'khosi**, ndipo perekani zakumwa zotsekemera zotsekemera zosaledzeretsa ngati tcheru.
3. Kutentha kwachisanu m'madzi 37 mpaka 39 digiri Celsius (98.6 mpaka 102.2 degrees Fahrenheit) m'madzi: Osapaka zala zotumbululuka, zowundana kapena makutu; kumiza m'madzi ozungulira kutentha kwa thupi kwa mphindi 20 mpaka 30.

Kuyenda mufiriji kuwunika kwachitetezo cha malonda¶

Woyang'anira malo odyera aliyense, wophika, woyang'anira sitolo, ndi wogwira ntchito zachitetezo cha labotale amayenera kuyang'ana zitseko zolowera mkati sabata iliyonse motsutsana ndi mfundo zisanu zopulumutsa moyo izi:

• Yesani chopondera chamkati mkati mwamdima wotuluka Lolemba lililonse m'mawa ndi loko LOKIKIDWA: Wogwira ntchito m'modzi alowe mkati pomwe wantchito wachiwiri amatseka latch yakunja, kenako onetsetsani kuti pulayi yamkati ikukankhira bwino osamamatira mu ayezi ndikutulutsa chitseko nthawi yomweyo. Pukutani mafuta otenthetsera opangidwa ndi silicon pagulu la plunger ndikulowetsamo ziboda zong'ambika kapena zosowa nthawi yomweyo.
• **Tsimikizirani chowunikira chamkati chowunikira ("woyendetsa ndege") ndi belu lodzidzimutsa / batani la alarm limayikidwa mkati mwachitseko: * * Miyezo yamakono yomanga ndi UL 471 / NSF 7 miyezo imafuna chizindikiro chowala mosalekeza mkati mwa bokosilo ndipo, m'madera ambiri, ** batri lamkati lokhala ndi mantha akukankhira batani ("MAN TRAPPED alamu) kukhitchini.
• Sungani malo otulutsiramo mpweya wotenthetsera mpweya wopanda madzi oundana ndi mabokosi owunjikana: Osaunjika makatoni a makatoni mpaka pamwamba pa denga kutsogolo kwa doko loyatsira kutentha kapena kutsogolo kwa chowunikira cha kutentha kwa mkati.
• Musamayike zoyala, mapaleti, kapena ziwiya zamowa kutsogolo kwa kanjira kolowera pakhomo: Pentani chikaso "KHALANI ZOBWINO - KHOMO LA KHOMO LA ZINTHU" bokosi lapansi kunja kwa khomo lililonse lolowera kuti mulu wodutsa wa mabokosi usagwe pakhomo ndikutsekera wogwira ntchito mkati.
• Ikani ma alarm a magawo awiri a Carbon Dioxide (\(CO_2\)) yokhala ndi chowonetsera kunja kunja kwa chozizira chilichonse chokhala ndi chakumwa cha \(CO_2\) matanki kapena madzi oundana owuma: Amafunidwa ndi NFPA 55 ndi International Fire Code (IFC) pakadutsa ma kilogalamu 45 (100 pounds) a CO_2 paipi yamadzimadzi kapena $CO_2 yosungidwa munyumba yamadzimadzi.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Ngati wina atsekeredwa m'chipinda chosungiramo malonda kapena chozizira chokhala ndi chitseko cha mafakitale chopiringizika kapena kutayikira kwa firiji/carbon dioxide:

• United States ndi Canada: Imbani 911 ndikupempha Fire Department Technical Rescue (ndi HAZMAT ngati ammonia kapena carbon dioxide ikutha). Miyezo ya federal ndi dziko lonse yomwe ikufuna njira zotulutsira zadzidzidzi mkati mwa mafiriji ndi mafiriji onse ogulitsa malonda akuphatikizapo OSHA 29 CFR 1910.36 (Njira Zotuluka - zitseko ziyenera kutsegulidwa mkati nthawi zonse popanda makiyi kapena zida), Energy Independence and Security Act / DOE Walk-In Cooler, ANULS 4 Standard,* ANULS 4 Standard, Freezer AN, ASHRA* 7 15 ** (Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems), ndi ** NFPA 55 ** (Compressed Gases ndi Cryogenic Fluids Code).
• ** United Kingdom: ** Imbani 999 kapena 112. Imayang'aniridwa ndi ** Health and Safety Executive (HSE)** pansi pa Ogwira Ntchito (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992, BS EN 378 (Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps Safety and Environmental Requirements, yomwe imayang'anira kutulutsidwa kwadzidzidzi mkati, ma switch owunikira, ndi ma alarm a British Comzeper Association). (** BCGA Code of Practice CP 30** yachitetezo chakumwa cha cellar gasi).
• European Union: Imbani 112. Kuyenda m'zipinda zozizira kudera lonse la EU kuyenera kutsatira ** EN 378-1 kudzera EN 378-4 ** ndi ** EN 17893 ** (Magalimoto otenthetsera amsewu ndi zitseko zozizira zamkati zachitetezo cha antipanic).
• ** Australia ndi New Zealand: ** Imbani ** 000 ** ku Australia kapena ** 111 ** ku New Zealand. Imalamulidwa ndi Safe Work Australia, AS/NZS 5149 (Makina oziziritsa m'firiji ndi mapampu otentha - Zofunikira pachitetezo ndi chilengedwe), ndi National Construction Code (NCC) zofunika pa zogwirira zotulutsa mkati zozizira ndi mabelu adzidzidzi.
• India ndi Asia-Pacific: Imbani 112 ku India, 119 ku Japan ndi South Korea, kapena 995 ku Singapore.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi ndingatsegulebe firiji yolowera mumalonda kuchokera mkati ngati wina ayika loko yolemera pa chogwirira chakunja?¶

Inde. Malinga ndi malamulo komanso kamangidwe kamakina, chopondera chamkati chachitetezo chowala mkati mwamdima pa chozizira chozizira kapena mufiriji chimamangidwa kuti chizidutse zotchingira zakunja. Mukakankhira chopimira cha bowa chamkati molunjika kunja (kapena kumasula motsatana ndi wotchi pamamodeli akale ozungulira), ndodo yamkati imatha kutulutsa bawuti yonse yakunja yachitsulo kuchoka pambale kapena kulumikiza lilime lamkati ndi chogwirira chakunja chokhoma, kulola chitseko kuti chitseguke kwambiri ngakhale lokoyo imakhala yokhoma pa chogwirira chakunja.

Chifukwa chiyani chitseko cholowera mufiriji chimamveka kuti chatsekedwa chitangonditsekera?¶

Mukatsegula chitseko cholowera mufiriji, mpweya wofunda kuchokera kukhitchini umalowa mkati. Chitseko chikatsekeka, mufiriji wochepera-20-degree-Celsius (minus-4-degree-Fahrenheit) amazizira kwambiri ndipo mpweya wake umakhala wofunda kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wocheperako komanso kuti mkati mwa bokosi lomata muzipuma pang'ono. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kumakokera chitseko kuti chitseke chisindikizo chake cha rabara ndi mphamvu yofikira ma kilogalamu 600 (mapaundi 1,300) kwa masekondi 15 mpaka 30 mpaka doko lotenthetserako lothandizira kuti mpweya ukhale wofanana. Ngati khomo lolowera mpweya likuzizira ndi ayezi ndipo chitseko sichidzagwedezeka, sungani ndalama, kiyi, spatula, kapena zala zanu zokhala ndi magalasi pansi pa mphira wa magnetic gasket pakona ya chitseko kuti mpweya uzilowa ndikuswa chofufumitsa nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi nditani ngati chopumira chachitetezo cha mkati mwa mufiriji chowumitsidwa ndi ayezi kapena chosweka?¶

Choyamba, musamenye chingwe cha pulasitala cham'mbali ndi nsapato yanu, chifukwa kuzizira kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti ndodo ya fiberglass yamkati ikhale yolimba ndipo imayidula. M'malo mwake, sungani manja anu ofunda kumunsi kwa kolala ya plunger ndikuwuzira mpweya wofunda kwa masekondi 30 mpaka 60 kuti musungunule mphete yopyapyala ya ayezi yomwe yagwira tsinde, ikani pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa milimita imodzi kuti muphwanye ayezi, ndiyeno kukankhira kunja ndi manja onse awiri. Ngati chubu kapena ndodo ya pulasitiki yagwetsedwa, yang'anani molunjika pabowo lotseguka la mamilimita 12 (inchi 0.5) lomwe likudutsa pakhomo ndikukankhira chomangira chachitali, choyezera kutentha kwa nyama, chitsulo chonolera, kapena dowel lamatabwa molunjika pabowolo kukanikizira kumbuyo kwa mbale yakunja.

Kodi ndingayatse bwanji alamu kukhitchini ngati ndatsekeredwa mufiriji popanda chizindikiro cha foni?¶

Chifukwa chakuti aluminiyamu kapena makoma achitsulo a mufiriji amakhala ngati khola la Faraday lomwe limatchinga ma siginecha a foni yam'manja, njira yanu yofulumira kwambiri yolozera patali ndi kubera ma alarm a mufiriji chifukwa cha chitetezo cha chakudya. Pezani kansalu kakang'ono kakang'ono ka sensor kutentha kamene kali pakhoma lamkati (kawirikawiri pafupi ndi chitseko chapamwamba kapena mpweya wotulutsa mpweya) ndipo gwirani mwamphamvu nsonga yachitsulo mkati mwa nkhonya yanu yopanda kanthu kapena kupumirapo kwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zisanu. Kutenthetsa kansalu kakang'ono kamene kali pamwamba pa 4 mpaka 10 digiri Celsius (madigiri 40 mpaka 50 Fahrenheit) kumapusitsa wolamulira wa digito kunja kwa chitseko kuganiza kuti mufiriji walephera, kuchititsa alamu kukhitchini ndikutumiza chenjezo kwa oyang'anira kutentha.

Chifukwa chiyani kutseka kapena kutsekereza mafani a evaporator ali gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri lopulumuka ngati sindingathe kutsegula chitseko?¶

Mpweya womwe umakhalabe wocheperako madigiri seshasi 20 (osachepera 4 digiri Seshasi) ndi woyendetsa bwino kutentha, womwe umalola munthu wotetezedwa ndi makatoni kukhala ndi moyo kwa maola ambiri. Komabe, gawo la evaporator la pamwamba pake limawomba mpweya wapansi pa ziro kudzera mufiriji pa 15 mpaka 25 makilomita pa ola (10 mpaka 15 mailosi pa ola), kumapanga kuzizira koopsa kwamphepo komwe kumachotsa kutentha kuwirikiza kanayi mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi ndipo kumayambitsa chisanu ndi hypothermia. Kuzimitsa zimakupiza za evaporator, kutulutsa zingwe zamagalimoto, kapena kumangirira makatoni athyathyathya paziwongolero zowotcha nthawi yomweyo kumachotsa kuzizira kwamphepo mkati mwa bokosilo.

Chifukwa chiyani anthu amatuluka mkati mwamowa wamalo odyera komanso zoziziritsa kukhosi?¶

Malo ambiri odyera ndi malo ozizira ozizira amakhala ndi masilinda amadzimadzi ochulukirapo kapena opaka mpweya wopaka mpweya ($CO_2$) omwe amapanikiza makina a soda komanso kukopera matepi amowa. Chifukwa chozizira cholowera mkati chimakhala bokosi losatulutsa mpweya komanso mpweya wabwino wopanda mpweya wabwino, payipi yotayira, chowongolera, kapena valavu yopumira imadzaza chipindacho ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu wa carbon dioxide. Chifukwa kuzizira $CO_2$ ndi yolemera kuwirikiza ka 1.5 kuposa mpweya, imadziunjikira pansi ndikupangitsa mphuno zoluma, kupuma mwachangu, chisokonezo, ndi chikomokere mkati mwa masekondi 60 milingo ikafika pa 7 mpaka 10 peresenti. Ngati mumva fungo lakuthwa la soda-fizz m'mphuno mwako mkati mwa chozizira cholowera, tulukani nthawi yomweyo ndikusiya chitseko chili chotsegula kuchokera kunja.

*Bukhuli limapereka malangizo othawirako mwadzidzidzi, kupulumuka, ndi chithandizo choyamba pakuyenda m'malo ozizira ndi mufiriji ndipo salowa m'malo mwa maphunziro oteteza chitetezo kuntchito kapena njira zopangira uinjiniya wa firiji. Ganizirani kutengapo chithandizo choyamba ndi maphunziro a CPR kuchokera ku Red Cross, St John Ambulance, kapena bungwe lophunzitsira zachipatala ladzidzidzi.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Hypothermia ndi frostbite thandizo loyamba
• Mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, madzi oundana owuma, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, ndi chithandizo choyamba cha asphyxiation
• Kupumira kwa malo otsekeka: maenje, ma silo, ndi akasinja
• Chodulira nyama chamalonda, chosakanizira mtanda, ndi kutsekera kwa makina odyera

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Zofunikira Zopanga ndi Zomanga Panjira Zotuluka - Zitseko Ziyenera Kutsegula Kuchokera Mkati (29 CFR 1910.36(d)) ndi Malo Otsekeredwa / Zowopsa za Firiji
• Bungwe la British Standards Institution (BSI) ndi Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): BS EN 378 Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps - Chitetezo ndi Zofunika Zachilengedwe (Kuthawa Kwadzidzidzi Kwam'kati, Kusintha Kowala, ndi Ma Alamu a Anthu Omwe Anagwidwa ndi Cold Store)
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL) ndi National Sanitation Foundation (NSF, United States): UL 471 Standard for Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers and Walk-In Door Internal Safety Release Releases
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States) ndi British Compressed Gases Association (BCGA, United Kingdom): NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code and BCGA Code of Practice CP 30 (Kugwiritsa Ntchito Motetezedwa kwa Beverage Dispense Gases mu Cellars and Walk-In Coolers)
• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE): ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15 Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems