Kulephera Kuwongolera kwa Hardware RAID: Kulowetsa Zosintha Zakunja Popanda Kuchotsa Magalimoto Anu¶

Pamene khadi lowongolera la seva ya RAID, monga Dell PowerEdge PERC (H730P, H740P, H755, H840), HPE ProLiant Smart Array (P408i-a, P440ar, E208i, MR416i), kapena Broadcom / LSI / Avago MegaRAID (SAS 9361-8i, 9460-16i, 9560-16i), imadwala PCIe board, kulephera kwa BBU/CacheVault supercapacitor, kapena kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa ndege, ndipo mumayika RAID khadi kuti muwone kuyimitsa koyambira kwa BIOS ndikufulumira kowopsa "Foreign configuration(s) found on adapter. Press any key to continue or 'C' to load the configuration utility", kiyibodi imodzi yolakwika imatha kuwononga ma terabytes a nkhokwe zopangira ndi makina enieni mkati mwa masekondi awiri. Muzomangamanga za Hardware RAID, gulu la mizere ya geometry (RAID level, drive order, 64 KB / 256 KB kukula kwa mizere, ndi Logical Volume LBA malire) amasungidwa ** onse ** mu chowongolera khadi cha NVRAM chip ** ndi ** mu gawo lobisika losungidwa pa disk iliyonse ya SAS/SATA/NVMe yotchedwa Disk Data Format (DDF / COD, Kukonzekera pa Disk) dera la metadata. Khadi yatsopano yolowa m'malo ya RAID (kapena khadi yomwe ilipo pambuyo pa glitch kwakanthawi kochepa) ikuwonekera ndikuwona ma drive omwe ali pa disk. DDF Nambala ya seri ya metadata sikugwirizana ndi NVRAM yopanda kanthu ya khadi, imayika ma drive awo ngati "Foreign". Ngati woyang'anira wochita mantha adina "Pangani New Virtual Disk" kapena "Yambitsani" kuganiza kuti "ikukweza" ma drive, kapena kudina "Chotsani Kukonzekera Kwachilendo" pamene amatanthauza kuitanitsa, wolamulirayo amalemba metadata pa disk ndikuchotsa mitu ya Virtual Disk. Kudziwa kusiyana kwenikweni pakati Import Foreign Configuration ndi Clear Foreign Configuration, momwe mungatchule manambala oyendetsa galimoto musanagwire caddy imodzi, ndi momwe mungagwirire ** Cache Yokhomeredwa / Yakuda Lembani-Kubwerera (BBU / CacheVault)** ndi "Punctured Stripe" dropoffs multi-drive zibweretsanso gulu lanu pa intaneti osataya deta. Ngati kulephera kwa seva kudayambitsidwa ndi moto wamagetsi wachipinda cha seva, UPS lithiamu-ion thermal runaway, kapena kuphulika kwa chitoliro chamadzi, tulukani m'chipindamo ndikuyimbira foni kwanuko. manambala angozi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 999 ku United Kingdom, 112 kudutsa European Union) nthawi yomweyo. Pazosungirako zofananira, makina enieni, ndi zadzidzidzi za SSD, onani maupangiri athu Gulu la NAS RAID lawonongeka, kulephera kwa magalimoto angapo, ndi kuchira kwa ZFS/Btrfs, makina pafupifupi VMDk, VHDX, ndi QCOW2 chithunzithunzi unyolo ziphuphu,ndi SSD NVMe njira yowerengera mwadzidzidzi komanso kupulumutsa midadada.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. MUSADINDIKANE "Initialize", "Fast Initialize", kapena "Pangani New Virtual Disk" pama drive omwe ali ndi data yomwe ilipo. Mu Dell PERC, Broadcom MegaRAID, ndi HPE Smart Array terminology, Initialize sizikutanthauza "kuyatsa ndi kuyika disk" (monga momwe zimatanthawuza nthawi zina muzothandizira za macOS / Windows disk). Mu hardware RAID firmware, Initialize zikutanthauza FORMAT AND ZERO OUT THE VIRTUAL DISK METADATA AND PARITY BLOCKS. Ngakhale "Fast Initialization" ya 3-sekondi imalemba ma megabytes oyamba ndi omaliza a voliyumu yomveka, kuwononga tebulo la magawo a GPT, VMware. VMFS pamutu, Windows NTFS Master File Table boot sector, kapena Linux LVM2 / XFS superblock.
2. Tulutsani chikhomo chokhazikika pompano ndikulembani Physical Slot/ Bay Number (Bay 0, Bay 1, Bay 2...) pa drive caddy iliyonse MUSANAKOKE chimbale chimodzi. Pamene SNIA yamakono DDF metadata amasunga ma tag otsatizana pa diski iliyonse, zosintha zakale za firmware, zogawika kumbuyo, kapena kupanganso zadzidzidzi (No-Init Recovery) kudalira 100 peresenti pa disk iliyonse yobwerera ku ** yeniyeni yeniyeni Enclosure:Slot nambala**. Osatulutsa ma drive anayi kuchokera pa seva ndikuyika osalembedwa patebulo.
3. Osatulutsa galimoto yathanzi kapena "Kumanganso" ndikuyiyikanso pomwe seva imayatsidwa "kuyesa ngati ibwerera." Mukangotulutsa caddy ya SAS/SATA yamoyo mumsewu wosinthana wotentha kwa masekondi opitilira 5, wowongolera wa RAID amalemba chizindikiro cha disk ngati Failed / Offline kapena Foreign. Ngati galimoto imodzi inali itafa kale mumagulu a RAID 5 ndipo mumangotulutsa galimoto yachiwiri kuti muyang'ane gawo lake pamene seva ikugwira ntchito, ** mwangopha galimoto yachiwiri m'maso mwa wolamulira ndikuphwanya voliyumu yonse ya RAID 5 **.
4. Mvetserani lamulo lovuta la Import vs. Clear: Mukasintha khadi yakufa ya RAID (kapena ma drive onse atatsitsidwa mwachidule pamodzi), mukufuna IMPORT. Mukayika chosungira chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu seva yothamanga bwino, mukufuna CLEAR.
5. Scenario A (Khadi la RAID lidafa ndipo mudayikapo khadi yolowa m'malo, KAPENA glitch yamphamvu / yobwerera kumbuyo idapangitsa kuti gulu lanu lonse liziyenda. Foreign): Kusintha kowona kumakhala ** pa disks (Configuration on Disk)**. Muyenera kusankha Import Foreign Configuration kotero khadi yolowa m'malo imawerengera masanjidwe osiyanasiyana * kuchokera ku disks * kupita ku NVRAM yake.
6. ** Chitsanzo B (Seva yanu ikuyenda bwino, galimoto ya 1 yafa, ndipo mudayendetsa galimoto yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito yomwe inachotsedwa kuchoka ku seva yakale yopuma pantchito kupita ku Bay 4): ** Galimoto yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ili ndi metadata yakale ya RAID kuchokera pa seva yopuma pantchito (Foreign). Ngati inu dinani Import, mudzalowetsa gulu lakale la seva yopuma pantchito. Mu Scenario B, mumasankha Clear Foreign Configuration pa disk imodzi yokhayo kuti ikhale Unconfigured Good ndikuyamba kumanganso ngati yopuma yotentha.
7. Ngati ma drive awiri kapena kupitilira apo adatsitsidwa pa intaneti mu RAID 5 (kapena atatu mu RAID 6), MUSAMAkakamize ma drive pa intaneti ndikuyendetsa "Kumanganso" musanakonze galimoto iliyonse ndi ddrescue. Pamene ma drive angapo akutsika pamndandanda chifukwa cha magawo oyipa (UREs, Zolakwika Zosatheka Kuchira), kukakamiza galimoto yakale kwambiri yogwetsedwa kuti ibwerere pa intaneti kumapanga "Stale Data Desynchronization" kapena "Punctured RAID Stripe" yomwe imawononga mpaka kalekale. Tsitsani seva, phatikizani ma drive ku HBA yopanda RAID (IT-Mode SAS khadi), phatikizani ma drive bit-for-bit ku mafayilo azithunzi, ndikumanganso mndandanda wa mapulogalamu owerengera okha poyamba.

Mtengo wachigamulo: Kuwongolera kwa Hardware RAID ndi kuyeserera kwakunja kwakunja¶

flowchart TD
    A["Zadzidzidzi Zadzidzidzi za Hardware RAID: Khadi Lolamulira Lafa KAPENA BIOS Malipoti 'Kusinthidwa Kwachilendo Kwapezeka'"] --> B{"Chifukwa chiyani chenjezo la 'Foreign Configuration' likuwonekera?"}
    B -->|"Mlandu 1: Khadi la RAID Yosinthidwa M'malo (kapena kusuntha ma drive onse kupita ku chassis ya seva)"| C["Ma Drives Onse Athupi Ndi Athanzi & Gwirani Metadata Yanu Yeniyeni ('Configuration on Disk')"]
    B -->|"Mlandu 2: Backplane / PSU Glitch Idapangitsa Magalimoto Angapo mu Seva Yomwe Adalipo Kuti Agwere 'Akunja' Nthawi Imodzi"| D["Power Down Server -> Bwezeraninso Zingwe za SAS Backplane & Drive Caddies (M'malo Owerengeka Yeniyeni) -> Yambirani kwa Wolamulira BIOS"]
    B -->|"Mlandu 3: Munangoyika 1 Yogwiritsa Ntchito Disiki Yotsitsimutsa mu Running Array & That 1 Disk Ikuti 'Yachilendo'"| E["OSATI KULAMBIRA: Disiki yogwiritsidwa ntchito 1 imakhala ndi metadata yakale kuchokera ku seva ina; sankhani 'CHONSE ZINTHU Zachilendo' kuti zikhale Malo Otentha"]
    B -->|"Mlandu 4: Ma Drives Angapo Kudina Mwakuthupi / Kulephera Ndi Zolakwika Zapa Media (RAID 5 yokhala ndi 2+ Bad Disks)"| F["IMANI: OSAkakamiza Paintaneti kapena Kumanganso; Gwirizanitsani Ma Drives ku IT-Mode HBA, Clone All Disks kudzera pa ddrescue, & Virtually Reconstruct"]
    C --> G["Lowetsani BIOS Yoyang'anira (iDRAC / Ctrl+R / F2 System Setup) -> Tsegulani 'Kuwona / Kuwonera Kwakunja'"]
    D --> G
    G --> H{"Yang'anani Chiwonetsero Chakunja Kwakunja: Kodi ONSE ma drive a Virtual Disk alipo ndi 'Online'?"}
    H -->|"Inde: Ma drive onse (kapena N-1 mu RAID 5 / N-2 mu RAID 6) alipo"| I["Pangani 'IMPORT FOREIGN CONFIGURATION' (MUSAMAGANIZE Chotsani kapena Yambitsani); Virtual Disk Imakhazikika Pompopompo"]
    H -->|"Ayi: Ma drive ambiri amawonetsabe 'Kusowa' mu Kuwoneratu"| J["CHOTSANI NTCHITO: Osalowetsamo mizere yosakwanira; Tsekani ndikuzindikira kuti ndi drive iti/chingwe chomwe chalephera kuzungulira"]

Vendor-by-Vendor Reference: Momwe Dell PERC, Broadcom/LSI MegaRAID, ndi HPE Smart Array amagwirizira Metadata Yakunja¶

Wogulitsa seva wamkulu aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito mawu osiyana pang'ono pakukhazikitsa UEFI HII, Out-of-Band Management (iDRAC / iLO / XClarity), ndi chida cha CLI (perccli / storcli / ssacli). Unikaninso tebulo lofanizira la ogulitsa musanakanize kiyi imodzi:

Playbook 1: otetezeka pang'onopang'ono "Zosintha Zakunja" pa Dell PERC & LSI MegaRAID¶

Pamene seva yanu ya Dell PowerEdge kapena Supermicro/Lenovo MegaRAID imayima pa boot ndi "Foreign configuration(s) found on adapter", tsatirani ndondomeko yeniyeni ya masitepe atatu:

Khwerero 1: Yang'anani Ma LED a Physical Drive ndi Spin-Up Status Choyamba¶

Musanalowe mumenyu ya BIOS, yendani kutsogolo kwa seva chassis (kapena tsegulani **Dell iDRAC -> Storage -> Physical Disks ) ndikuwerengera ma LED oyendetsa: - ** Chifukwa chiyani gululi lidakhala Foreign poyamba? - Ngati mwangosintha khadi yakufa ya PERC/MegaRAID (kapena kusuntha ma drive onse mu chassis ya seva), Foreign pa *ma drive onse ndi 100 peresenti yanthawi zonse ndipo amayembekezeredwa. - Komabe, ngati simunasinthe osasintha khadi la RAID ndipo seva idayamranso mwadzidzidzi "Foreign configuration found", zikutanthauza ma drive angapo amatsitsidwa nthawi imodzi**, nthawi zamri chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa SAS Mini-SAS HD (SFF-8643 / SFF-8654) chingwe chakumbuyo, njanji yamagetsi yakumbuyo, kapena ma drive awiri okalamba akugunda magawo oyipa nthawi imodzi. - Ngati drive bay LED ili mdima kotheratu (sikuzungulira): Yambitsani seva, tsegulani caddy, dikirani masekondi 30, ikaninso caddyyo mwamphamvu ndikuwona zingwe za SAS backplane power/data, ndikuyatsanso kuti ma disks onse awonekedwe musanawone zomwe zatumizidwa.

Khwerero 2: Tsegulani Sewero la "Foreign Configuration Preview" (Osalowetsamo Mwakhungu)¶

1. Yambitsani seva ndikusindikiza F2 (System Setup) pa Dell PowerEdge 13G / 14G / 15G / 16G maseva (kapena Ctrl+R pa zakale 11G / 12G Ma seva a BIOS).
2. Yendetsani kupita ku Device Settings -> [Your Dell PERC / MegaRAID Controller] -> Main Menu -> Configuration Management -> Manage Foreign Configuration -> Preview Foreign Configuration.
3. Kapenanso, ngati mutha kuyambitsa USB yopulumutsa ya Linux kapena kulumikiza kudzera pa SSH/OS, yang'anani zowonera mosamala kuchokera pamzere wolamula pogwiritsa ntchito perccli kapena storcli:

   # Show all detected Foreign Configurations and whether Virtual Disks are complete:
   perccli /c0/fall show all
   # Or on standard Broadcom MegaRAID:
   storcli /c0/fall show preview
   

4. Werengani Chiwonetsero Chowonera Mosamala:
5. Onani pa **Virtual Disk (VD 0) udindo ** mkati mwa Kuwonera Kwakunja: Kodi akuti Optimal (ma drive onse alipo) kapena Degraded (mwachitsanzo, ma drive 5 mwa 6 omwe amapezeka mu RAID 5, kapena 6 mwa ma drive 8 omwe alipo mu RAID 6)?
6. Lamulo: Ngati Kuwona Kwakunja Kuwonetsa Virtual Disk idzatumizidwa monga Optimal kapena Degraded (Yokwera), ndibwino kupita ku Gawo 3.
7. Stop Condition: Ngati Kuwonera Kwakunja Kukuti Offline / Incomplete chifukwa ma drive awiri akusowabe ku RAID 5 (kapena atatu kuchokera ku RAID 6), IMIZANI: OSATI KUDANIZA Tengani panobe. Kulowetsa pomwe ma drive ambiri akusowa kudzalowetsa gulu losweka, losakwera kapena kusiya ma drive omwe akusowa kuti asalumikizidwe. Chotsani seva ndikuwona chifukwa chake ma disks omwe akusowa sakuzungulira pa ndege yoyamba.

Gawo 3: Pangani Import Foreign Configuration¶

1. Chiwonetserocho chikatsimikizira kuti Virtual Disk yatha (kapena yawonongeka), dinani Import Foreign Configuration ndikutsimikizira mwamsanga (kapena kuthamanga perccli /c0/fall import / storcli /c0/fall import).
2. Pakadutsa 3 mpaka 5 masekondi, wolamulira amawerenga DDF metadata kuchokera ku disks zakuthupi, amalemba mapu a mzere mu NVRAM ya wolamulira, amasintha ma drive kuchokera Foreign kubwerera ku Online, ndikubweretsa Virtual Disk Optimal (kapena Degraded, okonzeka kusungitsa nthawi yomweyo).
3. Yambitsaninso seva; makina ogwiritsira ntchito (VMware ESXi, Windows Server, Proxmox / Linux) idzayamba molunjika kuchokera pa voliyumu yosasinthika popanda byte imodzi yotayika.

Playbook 2: Bwanji ngati wina AKADANITSA "Chotsani Kukonzekera Kwachilendo" (kapena metadata ya NVRAM + DDF yonse yafufutidwa)?¶

Nanga bwanji ngati katswiri wa junior atachita mantha nthawi ya 2:00 AM, adawona "Foreign configuration found", adadina Clear Foreign Configuration (kupukuta DDF RAID metadata kuchoka pa disks kotero kuti galimoto iliyonse tsopano imati Unconfigured Good), ndipo Virtual Disk yanu yonse yatha?

OSATI KUPITA; deta yanu ikadali 100 peresenti m'mbale. Kudina Clear Foreign Configuration amangochotsa zazing'ono DDF gawo lamasinthidwe kumapeto kwenikweni kwa ma disks; sichimakhudza ** mikwingwirima ya data ya ogwiritsa (LBA 0 mpaka kumapeto kwa gawo lanu).

Komabe, ** kusuntha kumodzi kolakwika pakuchira kudzawononga chilichonse **. Nayi ndondomeko yeniyeni yobwezeretsa deta pamene hardware RAID config yachotsedwa:

Njira 1 (Yotetezedwa Kwambiri - 100% Ziwopsezo Zopanda Ziro ku Madisiki Oyambirira): Panganinso Pafupifupi kudzera pa HBA Yowerengera Yokha + R-Studio / UFS Explorer / mdadm¶

Akatswiri akatswiri obwezeretsa deta ** konse ** kuyesa "Kupanganso gulu" pama disks opanga amoyo mkati mwa RAID controller BIOS ngati sakudziwa 100 peresenti ya dongosolo lenileni la drive, kukula kwa mizere (64 KB, 128 KB, 256 KB) ndi kuzungulira kwapakati (Left Asymmetric vs Left Symmetric). 1. Tsitsani seva ndikuchotsa ma drive owerengeka. 2. Lumikizani ma drive ku malo ogwirira ntchito omwe ali ndi non-RAID SAS Host Bus Adapter (HBA, monga LSI 9207-8i / 9300-8i kuwalira ku IT-Mode Initiator-Target passthrough firmware) kotero makina ogwiritsira ntchito amawona disk iliyonse yaiwisi mwachindunji popanda RAID BIOS kusokoneza. 3. Tsegulani ** UFS Explorer RAID Recovery ** kapena ** R-Studio Technician **: - Zida zonsezi zidamangidwa **Dell PERC, LSI MegaRAID, ndi HPE Smart Array Heuristic Stripe-Order Detectors ** zomwe zimasanthula magawo osaphika, zimangozindikira momwe galimotoyo ikuyendera, 64 KB / 256 KB kukula kwa mizere, kuzungulira kwaparity, ndi DDF Yambitsani kukumbukira powerenga kokha, ndikukulolani ** kukopera zanu zonse .vhdx, .vmdk.

Njira 2 ("Panganinso Virtual Disk WITH NO INITIALIZATION" Hardware Trick - Pokhapokha 100% ya Ma Parameter Amadziwika)¶

Ngati mulibe IT-Mode HBA ndipo mukudziwa ndi 100% yotsimikizika masinthidwe enieni am'mbuyomu a Dell PERC / LSI MegaRAID gulu (kuchokera kunja iDRAC TSR [Tech Support Report] lolemba kapena pepala lomanga: dongosolo lenileni la Physical Disk bay, mulingo wa RAID, kukula kwake kwa Stripe Element [mwachitsanzo, 64 KB pa PERC H730 kapena 256 KB pa H740P], ndi Mfundo Zowerengera/Zolemba): 1. Muzothandizira za MegaRAID / PERC BIOS, tsegulani Create New Virtual Disk. 2. Sankhani Mlingo womwewo wa RAID, ma Physical Disks enieni ** motsatana ndendende **, ndi Kukula kwa Mzere womwewo (64 KB / 256 KB). 3. KUKHALA KWA MOYO KAPENA-IMFA: Pansi pa Initialization bokosi lotsitsa, onetsetsani kuti lakhazikitsidwa ku NO INITIALIZATION (Chokani ngati No / None; OSATI ** sankhi Fast Initialize kapena Full Initialize). 4. Mukapanga Virtual Disk pa wolamulira wa LSI/PERC ndi Initialization = No**, wowongolera akulemba zatsopano klzzwxh:0095mutu wa metadata m'magawo osungidwa kumapeto kwa ma disks pomwe **kusiya 100 peresenti yazomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zimatchinga osakhudzidwa . 5. Yambirani mu ** Read-Only Linux Live USB (SystemRescue) choyamba ndikuthamanga lsblk -f kapena fdisk -l: ngati wanu NTFS, VMFS, kapena XFS magawo nthawi yomweyo amawonekera ndi zilembo zawo zamafayilo osasunthika, mizere ya geometry yofananira. (Zindikirani: Musati * muyambe kuyang'ana kumbuyo kwa Parity Consistency Check mpaka mutasungira deta yonse yovuta, chifukwa ngati mutaganizira kukula kwa mizere yolakwika kapena dongosolo la galimoto, Consistency Check idzalembanso midadada yabwino ndi kusagwirizana kolakwika.)

Playbook 3: Kugwira "Multiple Drive Failures" mu RAID 5 / RAID 6 ndi "Punctured Stripe" Trap¶

Nanga bwanji ngati gulu lanu la 6-drive RAID 5 lili kwathunthu Offline / Dead chifukwa Drive 2 inalephera miyezi itatu yapitayo (ndipo palibe amene adazindikira chifukwa zidziwitso za imelo sizinakonzedwe) ndipo Drive 4 idayamba kuponya Zolakwika za Media (Bad Blocks / Sense Code 03/11/00) mmawa uno?

Kupulumutsa Masitepe 4 Otetezedwa kwa Multi-Drive Drropped RAID Array:¶

1. ** Tumizani TTY / Cholemba Chochitika cha Controller (perccli /c0 show termlog kapena iDRAC TSR) POYAMBA:**
2. Musanakhudze mtundu uliwonse wagalimoto, werengani chipika chamkati cha firmware cha owongolera (termlog). Yang'anani zizindikiro zenizeni za nthawi pamene galimoto iliyonse imachoka Online ku Failed kapena Foreign.
3. Lamulo Lofunikira: Kuyendetsa komwe kudatsitsidwa pa intaneti LAST (posachedwa, mwachitsanzo, mphindi 10 zapitazo lero) ili ndi 99.999% yaposachedwa ndi data ndipo ndi yokha yoyendetsa yomwe ingakakamizidwe kubwereranso pa intaneti (kapena kupangidwa) kuti ikweze voliyumu. Kuyendetsa komwe kunafa masabata kapena miyezi yapitayo (Stale Drive) iyenera kukhala kunja pamndandanda.
4. ** Tsatani "Zomwe Zagwetsedwa Posachedwapa" Zolephera Kuyendetsa pa Healthy Blank Disk Kugwiritsa Ntchito ddrescue (Kudzera pa IT-Mode HBA):**
5. Chifukwa magalimoto omwe adasiya mphindi 10 zapitazo nthawi zambiri amasiya chifukwa cha magawo ochepa osawerengeka osawerengeka (UREs), kukakamiza kuti galimoto ikulephera pa intaneti mkati mwa khadi la RAID ndikuyesera kuyendetsa 14-hour RAID kumanganso kudzachititsa kuti mitu yake yowerengedwa iwonongeke ndikufa kwathunthu pambuyo pa mphindi 20.
6. M'malo mwake, phatikizani galimoto yolepherayo (ndi ma drive ena onse omwe atsala) kwa omwe si a RAID IT-Mode SAS HBA ndi ntchito GNU ddrescue(ddrescue -d -r1 /dev/sdX drive4_clone.img drive4.map) kuti chithunzi 99.9999% cha magawo ake owerengeka pagalimoto yathanzi kapena fayilo yazithunzi, kulumpha bwino magawo atatu kapena anayi osasokoneza mutu.
7. Kwezani Gulu Lophatikizana mu Mawonekedwe Owerengera-Only ndi Koperani Zambiri Zofunikira Musanamangidwenso:
8. Kuyendetsa kolephera kukapangidwa (kapena ngati kukakamiza galimoto yomwe yatsitsidwa posachedwa kwambiri pa intaneti mu BIOS yolamulira), ** onjezerani voliyumu ya OS mu Read-Only mode ** (mount -o ro,norecovery) ndikuchotsa nkhokwe zanu zofunika kwambiri, .vhdx/.vmdk mafayilo, ndi magawo owerengera ndalama ku NAS yakunja **nthawi yomweyo **.
9. Momwe Mungachotsere "Punctured Array" Mutatha Kusunga Zambiri Zanu:
10. Kamodzi Dell PERC kapena LSI MegaRAID Virtual Disk idakumana ndi Punctured Stripe (yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mu chipika chowongolera ndi Patrol Read can't fix bad block kapena Strip is punctured), palibe kuchuluka kwa ma drive osinthira kapena kuyendetsa cheke kumachotsa mbendera yokhomerera ku Virtual Disk.
11. Mukasunga 100 peresenti ya mafayilo / ma VM anu omwe adalumikizidwa: muyenera ** Chotsani Virtual Disk **, ** Yambani Mwathunthu Virtual Disk ** pama drive athanzi, bweretsaninso nkhokwe / magawo, ndikubwezeretsanso zomwe mwasunga.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa "Import Foreign Configuration" ndi "Clear Foreign Configuration" mu Dell PERC / MegaRAID?¶

Ganizilani za `Foreign` mbendera monga woyang'anira RAID akufunsa kuti: "Masinthidwe a RAID olembedwa pama hard drive awa sakufanana ndi kukumbukira mkati mwa khadi langa; chowonadi ndi chiti?" `Import Foreign Configuration` amauza wolamulira kuti: "Ma hard drive akugwira chowonadi. Koperani kasinthidwe ka RAID KUCHOKERA m'ma hard drive MU khadi lowongolera ndikukweza voliyumu yanga popanda kufufuta kalikonse." Gwiritsani ntchito `Import` nthawi iliyonse yomwe mudalowa m'malo mwa RAID khadi yakufa, kusuntha ma drive anu onse ku seva yatsopano, kapena kukhala ndi vuto lamagetsi / ndege yakumbuyo kugwetsa gulu lanu lomwe lilipo osalumikizidwa. `Clear Foreign Configuration` amauza wowongolera kuti: "Fufutani metadata ya RAID pamagalimoto akunja ndikusandutsa opanda kanthu. `Unconfigured Good` disks." Gwiritsani ntchito `Clear` Pokhapokha mutatsitsa drive imodzi yokha yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito (yokokedwa kuchokera pa seva yakale yopuma pantchito) kupita ku seva yothamanga yathanzi ndipo mukufuna kupukuta metadata yakale yapa drive imodzi kuti imangenso ngati yotsalira yotentha.

Kodi ndingakoke ma drive anga onse a SAS/SATA kuchokera ku Dell PowerEdge R740 yakufa (yokhala ndi bolodi yakufa) ndikuyilumikiza mu Dell PowerEdge R730 kapena R750 kuti ndiyambitse seva yanga nthawi yomweyo?¶

Inde. Izi zimatchedwa Disk Roaming kapena Array Migration, ndi SNIA `DDF` (Disk Data Format) metadata imapangitsa kukhala yodalirika kudutsa Dell PERC (`H330`, `H730`, `H740P`, `H755`) ndi olamulira a Broadcom MegaRAID, malinga ngati mutatsatira malamulo atatu: (1) Lembani galimoto iliyonse yoyendetsa galimoto ndi nambala yake yeniyeni (`Bay 0` kudzera `Bay N`) ndikuwayika mu seva yolowa m'malo momwemo; (2) Tsimikizirani kuti RAID controller firmware ili pamtundu womwewo kapena watsopano ndipo imathandizira mulingo wa RAID wogwiritsidwa ntchito; ndi (3) Pa boot pa seva yolowa m'malo, lowetsani PERC BIOS, yang'anani Kukonzekera Kwachilendo, ndikusankha `Import Foreign Configuration`.

Chifukwa chiyani HPE Smart Array idawonetsa "1785 - Slot 0 Drive Array Not Configured" ku POST, ndipo chifukwa chiyani ikukakamira F2 zakupha?¶

Pa Hewlett Packard Enterprise (`HPE`) Ma seva a ProLiant omwe amagwiritsa ntchito olamulira a Smart Array, ngati chingwe chamagetsi cha SAS chatayika kapena shelefu yoyendetsa imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti isunthe pa boot, wolamulira amawonetsa uthenga wa POST monga `1785 - Drive Array Not Configured` kapena `1789 - Disk Drive(s) Respond` kutsatiridwa ndi options ngati `Press F1 to continue` kapena `Press F2 to accept data loss and re-enable logical drive`. Osasindikiza konse `F2` osawerenga mwachangu mwachangu: pamibadwo ingapo ya Smart Array firmware, kukanikiza `F2` ma drive akasowa kwakanthawi amauza wowongolera kuti avomere kutayika kwa voliyumu yosowa kapena kuyambitsanso metadata yolondola. M'malo mwake, tsitsani nthawi yomweyo, konzani chingwe chotayirira cha SAS kapena mphamvu ya alumali yakunja kuti ma drive onse azizungulira palimodzi, ndikuyambiranso.

Kodi ndingatenge galimoto imodzi kuchokera pa Hardware RAID 5 kapena RAID 10, ndikuyilumikiza padoko la USB-to-SATA pa Windows PC yanga, ndikukopera mafayilo anga?¶

Kwa RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 0, kapena RAID 10 (yokhala ndi ma drive 4+): Ayi. Mumizeremizere, fayilo iliyonse imakhala yayikulu kuposa kukula kwa mizere (`64 KB` ku `256 KB`) imadulidwa kukhala maliboni ang'onoang'ono a 64-kilobyte pamagalimoto onse nthawi imodzi, olumikizidwa ndi midadada ya XOR. Kulumikiza galimoto imodzi ya RAID 5 mu Windows PC kudzawonetsa kugawa kosawerengeka, ndipo ngati mwangozi dinani Windows Disk Management's "Initialize Disk (`MBR/GPT`)" popup pa galimoto imodzi, mudzalembanso magawo oyambirira a Stripe 0. (Chokhacho ndi 2-drive RAID 1 Mirror: mu galasi losavuta la 2-drive RAID 1, disk iliyonse imakhala ndi mzere wathunthu wa voliyumu ndipo ikhoza kukwera kuwerengera kokha pa non-RAID SATA / SAS ikadali pagalasi kuti muyikenso pagalasi kuti muyikenso pagalasi, ngakhale kuti simuyenera kuyiyika pagalasi kuti muyikenso pagalasi. RAID khadi.)

Kumanganso kwanga kwa RAID 5 kumamatira ku 47% ndipo seva siyimayankha. Kodi ndiyambitsenso seva kapena kuletsa kumanganso?¶

Choyamba, osayimitsa seva mwamphamvu ngati ma LED akugwira ntchito akuthwanima. Kumanganso kwa hardware RAID 5 kapena RAID 6 kumachepetsa kukwawa (mwachitsanzo, kutsika kuchokera ku 150 MB/sec kufika ku 0.5 MB/sec pa 47 peresenti), nthawi zonse zimatanthawuza kuti imodzi mwazoyendetsa zomwe zatsala zagunda gawo la magawo ofooka / owononga maginito ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito masekondi 8 pa gawo lililonse likuchita ERC yamkati.`Error Recovery Control`) werengani zoyesereranso. Ngakhale mudakali ndi mwayi wopeza voliyumu yokwezeka pamaneti (ngakhale ikuchedwa), koperani nthawi yomweyo zosunga zobwezeretsera zanu zofunika kwambiri, mafayilo azachuma, ndi VM configs kuchoka pa seva kupita ku NAS kapena USB drive pakali pano, chifukwa ngati gwero lomwe likuvutikiralo likusiya kwathunthu lisanafike 100 peresenti, kumangidwanso kudzachotsa ndipo voliyumu ikhoza kupita pa intaneti.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Gulu la NAS RAID lawonongeka, kulephera kwa magalimoto angapo, ndi kuchira kwa ZFS/Btrfs
• Pafupifupi makina VMDK, VHDX, ndi QCOW2 chithunzithunzi unyolo ziphuphu
• Zovuta pagalimoto kulephera ndi kuchira deta
• SSD NVMe njira yowerengera mwadzidzidzi, 0% zosungira, ndi TRIM yolepheretsa kupulumutsa

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA): Common RAID Disk Data Format (DDF) Mafotokozedwe Aukadaulo (Version 2.0), yokhazikika pa disk configuration metadata (COD) ndi Kulowetsa Kwachilendo Kwakunja kwa olamulira a RAID amakampani.
• Dell Technologies Enterprise Engineering Documentation: Dell PowerEdge RAID Controller (PERC 9 / 10 / 11 / 12) Maupangiri Ogwiritsa Ntchito: Kuwongolera Zosintha Zakunja, Cache Yosungidwa (Pinned Cache), ndi Kuthetsa Mikwingwirima ya RAID (SLN156890 / 000139251).
• Broadcom Inc. (omwe kale anali LSI / Avago): MegaRAID SAS Software User Guide ndi StorCLI Buku Lolozera (/cX/fall show preview ndi /cX/fall import Malamulo Osasinthika Akunja).
• Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE): HPE Smart Array SR Gen10 / Gen11 Maupangiri Ogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Kuwongolera Mavuto (Sector Information Reserved RIS Metadata ndi POST Error Codes 1785 ku 1799).
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Special Publication 800-209 (Malangizo a Chitetezo cha Zosungirako Zosungirako) ndi SP 800-88 Rev. 1 (Malangizo a Media Sanitization).