Superfog: Moto Wakuthengo Woyaka Kapena Utsi Wachidambo Wosakanizidwa Ndi Chifunga Ndi Milu Yosaoneka¶

Ngakhale chifunga chowawa kwambiri chimachepetsa mawonekedwe a oyendetsa kufika pa 100 mpaka 400 metres (330 mpaka 1,300 mapazi), **superfog ** ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri, chowonda kwambiri mumlengalenga chomwe chimatsitsa mawonekedwe kuchokera kumwamba koyera mpaka **mamita osakwana 1 mpaka 3 (3 mpaka 10 mapazi) kutalika kwa galimoto yanu, nthawi zambiri kuchepera pa mtunda wamamita awiri ** panjira yothamanga kwambiri. Superfog imapanga pamene utsi wozizira, wodzaza ndi chinyezi ndi nthunzi wamadzi ukukwera kuchokera ku **zinthu zonyowa zonyowa ** (monga moto wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, moto wapansi pa nthaka, kapena kuphulika kwa nkhalango pambuyo pa moto wolusa kapena kutentha komwe kwaperekedwa) zimasakanikirana ndi mpweya wozizira, wodzaza usiku mkati mwa kutentha kosazama kapena mtsinje. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta utsi timakhala ngati mabiliyoni ambiri a hygroscopic condensation nucles, kutsekera madontho amadzi pakhoma losawoneka bwino, lotuwa kapena lachikasu loyera lomwe limayatsa nyali zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo kwathunthu. Chifukwa madalaivala akuyenda pa 105 mpaka 120 km/h (65 mpaka 75 mph) amalowa mubanki ya superfog yokhala ndi zero zowoneka bwino, superfog ndiyomwe imayambitsa ngozi 50-to-160-magalimoto apakatikati-mawu ochita kuphatikizira kudutsa Gulf of Mexico gombe, American Southeast high, ndi peat padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati mukuwombana ndi magalimoto ambiri, imbani foni kwanuko manambala angozi nthawi yomweyo ndipo funsani atsogoleri athu Msuzi wa Nandolo ndi chifunga cha tule, moto wa peat bog ndi utsi wapansi panthaka, ngozi zagalimoto,ndi kupsya utsi wamoto.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. ** Chepetsani pang'onopang'ono mukangomva fungo la nkhuni kapena utsi wa peat usiku kapena m'bandakucha **: M'dera lamphepo yamkuntho, mphuno yanu imakuchenjezani pamaso panu. Ngati mumamva fungo la utsi wa acrid, peat, kapena pine mukuyenda pakati pausiku ndi 9:00 AM, makamaka mukayandikira mlatho wamtsinje, msewu wa bayou, kapena chigwa chotsika, tsitsani maulendo apanyanja nthawi yomweyo ndikutsitsa liwiro lanu bwino musanagunde khoma losaoneka.
2. **Sinthani nyali zakutsogolo kuti zikhale zowala za LOW (dipped beams) ndikuyatsa nyali zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo **: Osagwiritsa ntchito nyali zowala kwambiri mu superfog. Kuchuluka kwa madontho amadzi okutidwa ndi utsi kumawonetsa kuwala kowala kwambiri m'maso mwanu (backscatter glare), kukuchititsani khungu.
3. Osagunda mabuleki anu kapena kuyima mkati mwamsewu womwe umagwira ntchito: Kuyimirira mumsewu wamoyo mkati mwa zero-wowoneka bwino superfog kumatsimikizira kuti magalimoto oyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi magalimoto omwe akuyenda pa liwiro la misewu yayikulu akulira kumbuyo kwanu mkati mwa masekondi.
4. **Kokanitu mumsewu woyalidwa, kupyola phewa lakumanja ndikudutsa njanji ngati nkotheka, ndikuyatsa magetsi ONSE agalimoto atayima pamsewu **: Ngati simungathe kufika panjira yotulukira ndipo muyenera kuyima pamphepete mwa udzu womwe uli pafupi ndi msewu waukulu, zimitsani nyali zanu, magetsi akumabuleki, ndi zowunikira mangozi mukangochoka pamsewu kotero kuti musawongolere "oyendetsa galimoto" nyali zakumbuyo.
5. Mukasweka kapena kuyimitsidwa mumsewu waukulu, sungani lamba wanu wapampando ndikukhala mkati mwagalimoto yanu panthawi yamavuto akumbuyo, KUKHALA ngati galimoto yanu itayaka moto kapena mutha kuyendayenda pafupi ndi njanji yachitetezo: Kutsika pa phula pakati pa magalimoto pomwe magalimoto onyamula katundu olemera matani 40 akugunda kumbuyo kwa mulu wa 10 km / h (pafupifupi 10 km / h) zakupha.
6. Kugwa pang'onopang'ono kumapangitsa kuti anthu atuluke, thawirani UPSTREAM (kumalo komwe kukubwera magalimoto) ndi FAR BEYOND the outside guardrail: Mukakhala kunja kwa njanji kapena mutakwera mpanda wa msewu waukulu, yendani kumtunda kwa mtsinje (kulowera kumene kukuchokera) kuti magalimoto ogwa omwe akutsetsereka mumsewu waukulu asabalalike.

Mtengo wosankha: Kukumana ndi Superfog ndi kupulumuka kwamulu wamsewu waukulu¶

flowchart TD
    Drive["Kuyendetsa Usiku / M'mamawa Pafupi ndi Moto Wam'tchire, Kuwotcha Komwe Molamulidwa, Moto Wambiri, kapena Chigwa cha Mtsinje"] --> SmellSmoke{"Kununkhiza Utsi / Utsi Wa Peat KAPENA Onani Wisp of Ground Fog Ahead?"}
    SmellSmoke -->|"Inde"| PrepCar["Chotsani Cruise Control; Sinthani ku Ma Beam Otsika + Kuwala kwa Chifunga; Khazikitsani HVAC kuti Ibwerenso; Tengani Kutuluka Kotsatira Ngati N'kotheka"]
    PrepCar --> EnterWall{"Mwadzidzidzi Lowetsani Zero-Visibility Superfog (<3 m / 10 ft Kuwoneka)?"}
    EnterWall -->|"Inde, Palibe Kuwonongeka Komabe"| RoadType{"Kodi Muli Mumsewu Wotseguka Wokhala Ndi Grass Verge KAPENA Mlatho Wokwera Wamipanda?"}
    RoadType -->|"Tsegulani Msewu Waukulu Wokhala Ndi Mapewa Ambiri / Udzu"| PullWayOff["Yang'anani Pang'onopang'ono Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mzere Wachifunga Wakumanja Njira Yonse Panjira Paudzu Kupitirira Guardrail; Phazi Off ananyema; Yatsani Nyali; Khalani Omangirira"]
    RoadType -->|"Mlatho Wokwera / Palibe Mapewa"| CreepForward["Pitirizani Kukwawa Kwapang'onopang'ono mu Njira Yamanja Kutsatira Painted Edge Line; Magalasi Owonera; Tulukani Mlatho Musanayime"]
    EnterWall -->|"Kuwonongeka Kumachitika / Kuyimitsidwa Pakuchulukira Kwachangu"| FireCheck{"Kodi Galimoto Yanu Yayaka Pamoto KAPENA Ikununkha Mafuta Aawisi Pafupi ndi Flames?"}
    FireCheck -->|"Inde, Ngozi Yamoto Yomweyi"| EvacFire["Masulani Nthawi yomweyo; Tulukani Kumbali Ya Magalimoto; Kwerani Pa Chotchinga Konkire kapena Guardrail; Yendani Kumtunda"]
    FireCheck -->|"Palibe Moto; Magalimoto Akugundabe Kumbuyo"| BraceInCar["KHALANI MTANGWIRO WA MPANDO; Siyani Engine Kuthamanga / Airbags Yogwira; Press Mutu motsutsana ndi Headrest; Manja Otsika pa Wheel"]
    BraceInCar --> LullCheck{"Kodi Zam'mbuyo Zayimitsidwa KAPENA Kodi Mutha Kufikira Ku Guardrail Kunja M'masekondi atatu?"}
    LullCheck -->|"Inde, Safe Gap to Guardrail"| FleeGuardrail["Tulukani Pansi / Panja Pakhomo; Nthawi yomweyo Vault PA Guardrail / Khoma; Yendani UPSTREAM Kutali ndi Wreckage"]
    LullCheck -->|"Ayi, Magalimoto Akugundabe Mbali Zonse"| StayBuckled["Khalani Otsika Ndikumangirira Mkati Mwa Khola Lokwera Chitsulo Mpaka Phokoso Likasiya"]

Meteorology ndi physics: Momwe utsi wofuka ndi chifunga zimapangira "Superfog"¶

Mawu akuti ** superfog ** adatanthauzidwa momveka bwino ndi akatswiri a zakuthambo a USDA Forest Service kuti afotokoze kuyanjana kwapadera kwa thermodynamic pakati pa ** kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ** ndi ** kuzizira kwa malire-kuzizira ** komwe kumatulutsa madzi amadzimadzi ndi ma coefficients otha kwambiri kuposa utsi kapena chifunga chokha.

1. Chifukwa chiyani moto woyaka moto supanga chifunga chachikulu, pomwe moto woyaka moto umapangitsa¶

Mkokomo woyaka moto wakuthengo ukuyaka pa 800 mpaka 1,100 digiri Celsius (1,470 mpaka 2,010 madigiri Fahrenheit). Chifukwa chakuti ntchentcheyo imakhala yotentha kwambiri komanso yotentha kwambiri, imaphulika mamita zikwizikwi molunjika kumtunda wa troposphere (convective lofting), yonyamula utsi wake pamwamba pa misewu ikuluikulu yapafupi.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuyaka kofukiza, komwe kumachitika pakadutsa masiku kapena milungu ingapo moto wolusa, m'nyengo yozizira, kapena m'madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, madambo a cypress, ndi ma peat bogs**, amayaka pang'onopang'ono popanda malawi amoto *300 mpaka 5700 digiri Celsius (500 mpaka 5700 madigiri Celsius)

• *Kutulutsa nthunzi wambiri wamadzi kuchokera kumafuta achinyezi : Peat yonyowa, muck, ndi pine duff imakhala ndi 50% mpaka 200% chinyezi ndi kulemera kowuma. Kutentha kofuka kukawomba m'nthaka, kumawotcha matani masauzande ambiri a nthunzi wamadzi wofunda (H2O) m’mbali mwa utsi wandiweyani. Kilogalamu iliyonse yamafuta oyaka moto imapanganso ma kilogalamu 0,5 a nthunzi wamadzi.
• Kutentha kopanda mvula usiku: Chifukwa utsi womwe ukufuka umakhala wotentha kwambiri kuposa mpweya wozungulira, umakhala wopanda mphamvu yokwera. Dzuwa likangolowa ndipo nthaka ikuzizira, utsi wonyowawo umakumbatira pansi ngati madzi olemera ndikutsika pansi (katabatic cold-air drainage) kumalo otsika kwambiri: **zigwa za mitsinje, pansi pa mitsinje, mabeseni a madambo, ndi misewu yayikulu yomwe ili ndi nkhawa **.

2. Hygroscopic condensation nuclei ndi kuwala kwakuda¶

Nthambi yofuka yotentha imeneyi ikalowa m’chigwa cha mtsinje wausiku wozizira, wonyezimira kapena kudutsa madzi ozizira a m’mphepete mwa nyanja kumene kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pafupi ndi mame ake.relative humidity > 90%):

1. Mbeu mabiliyoni osawoneka bwino: Utsi wochokera ku peat ndi udzu wofuka wadzaza ndi zokopa madzi (hygroscopic) potaziyamu, chloride, sulfate, ndi organic carbon aerosols olemera ma micrometer 0.1 mpaka 1.0 kudutsa.
2. Kuphulika kwa madontho ang'onoang'ono: M'malo moti nthunzi wamadzi ukhale madontho zikwi zingapo zazikulu pa kiyubiki centimita imodzi (monga momwe zimakhalira mu chifunga choyera cha radiation, pomwe madontho amakula mpaka ma micrometer 15 mpaka 25 kenako n'kukhazikika), nthunzi wamadziwo umapindika nthawi imodzi kupita ku makumi masauzande a utsi waung'ono pa phata .
3. Chifukwa chiyani kuwala sikungalowe: Chifukwa madziwa amagawikana m'madontho ang'onoang'ono mamiliyoni ambiri, okhala ndi utsi (ma micrometer 5 mpaka 10 m'mimba mwake) okutidwa ndi kaboni wakuda ndi bulauni wonyezimira.tar balls), madonthowo amakhala oimitsidwa kwamuyaya ndikumwaza kapena kuyamwa 99.9% ya kuwala kowoneka mkati mwa 1 mpaka 2 mita (3 mpaka 6.5 mapazi).

Kuyerekeza: Superfog vs. Radiation (Tule) Chifunga vs. Dry Wildfire Smoke vs. Haboob¶

Zizindikiro zochenjeza zisanachitike komanso momwe mungathamangitsire kudera la superfog¶

Chifukwa superfog imapanga mu ngalande zamadzi ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, msewu waukulu ukhoza kukhala womveka bwino (16 kilometers / 10 miles visibility) pamwamba pokwera pang'ono ndikutsika mpaka ku ziro mita kuwonekera 100 metres kenako pansi pa mtsinje wothira kapena njira ya mlatho.

Zidziwitso zochenjeza musanayambe kugunda khoma¶

1. Fungo la moto woyaka moto kapena udzu woyaka usiku: Nthawi zonse mukamva fungo la utsi mukuyendetsa galimoto usiku kapena m'mawa, ngakhale nyenyezi zikuwonekera m'mwamba ndipo njira yakutsogolo ikuwoneka bwino, lingalirani kuti banki ya superfog ikulumikizana pamalo otsika kapena mlatho wowoloka kutsogolo.
2. Sinthani kuwongolera kwanyengo mchipinda chanu (HVAC) RECIRCULATE (MAX A/C kapena kubwezeredwa kwamkati ndi chiwongolero cha windshield defroster boost) nthawi yomweyo: Peat yoyaka ndi matope apamwamba amakhala ndi kuchuluka koopsa kwa carbon monoxide (CO, formaldehyde, acrolein, ndi ultrafine particulate matter (PM2.5 kuposa 1,000 ug/m3). Kutseka mpweya wabwino wakunja kumalepheretsa utsi wotsamwitsa kuti usadzaze mnyumba mwanu mukagunda banki.
3. Penyani thermometer ndi kukwera kwa msewu waukulu: Ngati dashboard yanu kunja kwa mpweya kutentha kwatsika mwadzidzidzi ndi 3 mpaka 5 digiri Celsius (5 mpaka 9 degrees Fahrenheit) pamene msewu wawukulu ukutsikira pansi pa mtsinje, dambo, kapena beseni lodutsa, mukulowa m'dziwe lozizirirapo madzi momwe chifunga chachikulu chimapangika.

Njira yoyendetsera ngati itagwidwa mkati mwa chigamba cha superfog mwadzidzidzi¶

Mukalowa kubanki ya superfog ndipo simungathe kuwona galimoto yomwe ili patsogolo panu:

• Chotsani phazi lanu pa accelerator ndikuchepetsani bwino, osamenya mabuleki: Kutseka mabuleki anu kapena kuyatsa magetsi oyimitsa a ABS osawoneka kumapangitsa woyendetsa kutsata masekondi awiri kumbuyo kwanu kuti akumalizeni nthawi yomweyo.
• **Gwiritsani ntchito mzere wakumbali wakumanja wopakidwa utoto woyera (fog line) kapena mikwingwirima ngati chiwongolero chanu chokha **: Musati ** osayang'ana kutsogolo mumpanda wotuwa wozungulira, womwe umayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa malo (vertigo) ndikukupangitsani kuyenda m'njira. Yang'anani pansi ndi kumanja pang'ono (kapena kumanzere kumayiko oyendetsa kumanzere ngati UK ndi Australia) pamzere wapamphepete mwapanjira pafupi ndi chotchinga chakutsogolo chanu.
• Sungani zenera la dalaivala wanu masentimita 5 ( mainchesi 2) ndikuzimitsa wailesi: Mukangowona ziro, makutu anu amamva kung'ambika kwa chitsulo, ma semi-truck, komanso nyanga za mulu patsogolo masekondi 5 mpaka 10 musanaone kuwala kamodzi kokha.
• Gwirani lipenga kapena magetsi owopsa pang'ono pokha pokha mukuyenda pang'onopang'ono kuti muchenjeze munthu amene akukutsatirani pafupi, kenako tulukani m'msewu wonse: Tengani njira yotsatira yotulukira, malo opumirapo, kapena polowera mapewa osayalidwa. Ngati muyime pa udzu wa m'mphepete mwa msewu bwino ndi phewa loyalidwa komanso kuseri kwa njanji, ** zimitsani magetsi onse akunja, chotsani phazi lanu pamabowo, ikani mabuleki oimika magalimoto **, ndikudikirira mkati kapena kuseri kwa njanji.

Kupulumuka pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa mulu wamagalimoto ambiri¶

Ngati mumva phokoso lodziwika bwino la kuphwanya zitsulo ndi ma brake skids kutsogolo mu superfog, kapena ngati galimoto yanu igunda kumbuyo kwa mzere woyima:

Gawo 1: Masekondi 60 oyamba (Chingwe cholumikizira chakumbuyo chakumbuyo)¶

Mu mulu wa superfog, kukhudzidwa koyamba pamaso panu sikumakhala komwe kumakuphani; ngozi yaikulu imabwera 3 mpaka masekondi 45 pambuyo pake pamene thilakitala yolemera makilogalamu 36,000 (80,000-mapaundi) igunda kumbuyo kwa galimoto yanu yoyimitsidwa.

1. Yesani kulondolera ku mbali yakunja kapena kuchotsa bumper ya galimoto yolemera musanayime: Ngati mukuyima kuseri kwa kalavani kosaoneka ndi ziro, yesani kulondolera galimoto yanu paphewa lakumanja kapena pakati m'malo mokhala molunjika kumbuyo kwa kalavani kachitsulo ka matani 40, kuti musamangidwe (accordioned) pakati pa magalimoto awiri olemera ngati cholumikizira china chikugundani kumbuyo.
2. Mangirirani lamba wanu ndikusiya kuyatsa: Magalimoto amakono amafunikira kuti zoyatsira zizikhala zogwira ntchito kuti zikwama zam'mbali za kansalu ndi ma airbags achiwiri azigawo zing'onozing'ono zigwiritsidwe ntchito pakagwa vuto linalake, ndipo khola lanu lokhala ndi nsonga zitatu + lachitsulo lachitsulo lapangidwa kuti lizitha kuyatsa mphamvu zomwe zimatha kupha woyenda mosadziletsa nthawi yomweyo.
3. **Tangoganizirani momwe chingwe chakumbuyo chakumbuyo **: Kanikizani kumbuyo kwa mutu wanu mwamphamvu molunjika pakati pa chowongolera chakumutu, yang'anani kutsogolo (kutembenuza mutu wanu cham'mbali panthawi yakumbuyo kumayambitsa kukameta ubweya wa khomo lachiberekero), ikani manja anu pansi pa 4 koloko ndi 8 koloko m'mphepete mwa chiwongolero, ndikupondaponda pansi pamapazi anu molunjika.

Gawo 2: Kusankha nthawi yoti mukhale mgalimoto motsutsana ndi nthawi yoti musamuke¶

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo lokhwima ili, la moyo kapena imfa galimoto yanu ikayima:

Gawo 3: Komwe mungayende mukangotuluka mgalimoto (The "Upstream Beyond the Guardrail" Rule)¶

Chaka chilichonse, opulumuka amene amathawa galimoto zawo osavulala pamene chifunga chikuwunjika amaphedwa mphindi zingapo pambuyo pake chifukwa chakuti amaima pamalo olakwika m’mphepete mwa msewu.

1. Musayime pakati pa magalimoto, kutsogolo kwa hood yanu, kapena kuseri kwa thunthu lanu kuti muwone kuwonongeka kapena kusinthanitsa inshuwaransi: Mu superfog, funde lina la magalimoto limatha kugunda kumbuyo kwa muluwo pakangopita mphindi 5 chiwonongeko choyamba chinachitika, ndikukankhira accordion yonse yamagalimoto 20 kutsogolo ndi 15 metres (mamita 50) ndikuphwanya aliyense amene wayima pakati pa mabampa.
2. (Gulf of Mexico)
3. Yendani UPSTREAM (kumalo komwe magalimoto akubwera) kamodzi kuseri kwa njanji kapena kukwera mpanda:
4. Mtsinje (kumbali komwe magalimoto akuyenda) ndi malo amwazikana: galimoto yatsopano iliyonse yomwe igunda muluwo imayendetsa mawilo, injini, ndi magalimoto ozungulira kutsogolo (downstream) pansi pamtunda.
5. Poyenda 50 mpaka 100 mita (mamita 165 mpaka 330) UPSTREAM kumbali yotetezeka ya njanji (kapena kukwera mpanda wotsetsereka wa phiri), mumasunthira kumbuyo komwe kumakuchitikirani kwinaku mukugwedeza tochi yowala kapena chovala chowoneka bwino kuchokera kuseri kwa njanji kuchenjeza madalaivala oyandikira kuti achedwetse asanagwere ngozi.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chifunga chowoneka bwino ndi "superfog"?¶

Kuchuluka kwa chifunga chochuluka chochokera ku nthunzi wamadzi waukhondo wokhazikika mumpweya wozizira wausiku ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kuoneka kwapakati pa 100 ndi 400 metres (330 mpaka 1,300 mapazi), kapena kutsika mpaka 10 mpaka 30 metres mu chifunga choopsa. Superfog imapezeka pokhapokha utsi ndi nthunzi wambiri wamadzi kuchokera kuzinthu zonyowa zonyowa, monga moto wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, moto wa peat bog, kapena kuphulika kwamoto wamtchire, kusakanikirana ndi mpweya wozizira, wodzaza ndi usiku m'malo osatentha kwambiri. Tinthu mabiliyoni a tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta utsi timakhala ngati njere zamadzi zomwe zimanyamula madontho amadzi owundana kwambiri kotero kuti mawonekedwe ake amatsika pansi pa 1 mpaka 3 mita (3 mpaka 10 mapazi), ndikupangitsa madalaivala khungu nthawi yomweyo.

Chifukwa chiyani chifunga cha superfog chimakhala pakati pausiku ndi 8:00 AM moto ukuwoneka kuti ukutha?¶

Kumasana kotentha, moto woyaka moto umatulutsa kutentha kwambiri komwe kumapangitsa utsi kupita kumwamba kutali ndi pansi. Usiku, pamene kutentha kumatsika ndi chinyezi kukwera, moto umasintha kuchoka ku malawi otentha kupita ku kutentha kochepa kwambiri (`300 to 500 degrees Celsius`), yomwe imatulutsa utsi wokhuthala, wonyowa popanda kukwezera m'mwamba. Pakati pa pakati pa usiku ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa, kuzizira kwa radiation kumapanga msampha wosaya wa mpweya wozizira pansi (`a nocturnal inversion`), kugwetsera utsi wonyowawo m’malo otsetsereka a mitsinje, madambo, ndi misewu ikuluikulu kumene umasanduka chifunga chambiri m’bandakucha.

Kodi ndiyatse zowunikira zanga zowopsa poyendetsa kapena kuyimitsidwa pamalo owoneka bwino a zero?¶

Gwiritsani ntchito zowunikira zoopsa pokhapokha ngati mukukakamizika kukwawa pang'onopang'ono mumsewu womwe ukuyenda kapena mutatsekeredwa mumsewu waukulu momwe simungathe kuwuka. Mukangochoka pamsewu wopita pamapewa kapena udzu, muyenera kuyatsa zowunikira, nyali zakutsogolo, ndi ma brake magetsi. M'malo osawoneka bwino kwambiri, madalaivala omwe ali ndi mantha kumbuyo kwanu amavutika ndi "njenjete": amatseka maso awo pakuwala kulikonse komwe kuli kutsogolo, kuganiza kuti galimoto yanu yoyimitsidwa ikuyenda mumsewu, ndikuchoka mumsewu molunjika kumbuyo kwagalimoto yanu mothamanga kwambiri.

Ngati ndikuchita nawo mulu wa misewu yayikulu, kodi ndi bwino kukhala mgalimoto yanga kapena kutuluka ndikuthamanga?¶

Malingana ngati galimoto yanu siyaka moto ndipo sikuthira mafuta aiwisi pafupi ndi malawi amoto, muyenera kumangirira lamba wanu ndikukhala m'galimoto yanu pamene magalimoto ena akugunda pafupi nanu. Khola lachitetezo chachitsulo chagalimoto yanu, zong'ambika, ndi zikwama za airbag zimatha kuyamwa zinthu zomwe zitha kupha munthu yemwe wayimirira pamalopo. Tulukani mgalimoto yanu mukaima bwino kumbuyo ndipo mutha kukafika ku mbali yotetezedwa ya chitsulo chotchingira kapena mpanda wautali mkati mwa masekondi awiri kapena atatu, ndipo nthawi zonse fufuzani pansipa musanakwere khoma pa mlatho wokwezeka.

Chifukwa chiyani oyankha mwadzidzidzi amauza opulumuka muluwu kuti ayende "kumtunda" kuseri kwa njanji m'malo mopita patsogolo?¶

Mumsewu waukulu, magalimoto omwe akubwera akugunda kumbuyo kwa ngoziyo ndikulowera kutsogolo ("kutsika"). Nthawi zonse pamene galimoto yolemera igunda muluwo, imathamangitsa magalimoto ophwanyidwa, zitsulo zong'ambika, ndi matayala patsogolo mumsewu waukulu ndi m'ngalande zapansi. Mwa kukwera pamwamba pa guardrail ndikuyenda 50 mpaka 100 metres "kumtunda" (kubwerera kudera lomwe magalimoto akubwera akuchokera, mukukhala motetezeka kuseri kwa chotchinga kapena pamwamba pa phiri), mumadziyika nokha kumbuyo komwe zinyalala zowuluka sizingakufikireni.

N'chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kuyatsa mpweya kapena chotenthetsera cha galimoto yanga kuti "Recirculate" ndikayandikira superfog?¶

Mosiyana ndi chifunga chamadzi choyera, superfog ndi theka la utsi wofuka wopangidwa ndi kusakwanira, kutentha pang'ono kwa peat, matope a matope, kapena nkhalango. Utsi wofukawu uli ndi mpweya wambiri wa carbon monoxide (`CO`), mpweya wokhudzana ndi cyanide, formaldehyde, komanso wokhazikika `PM2.5` mwaye wokutidwa ndi acidic madzi m'malovu. Kusintha makina a HVAC agalimoto yanu kuti azitha kuyendanso mkati mwa mpweya musanalowe m'chipindacho kumapangitsa kuti utsi wapoizoni utuluke mnyumba mwanu, makamaka ngati mutatsekeredwa mumsewu mkati mwa banki ya chifunga.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Msuzi wa nandolo, chifunga cha tule, ndi misewu yayikulu yamagalimoto ambiri
• Kuwotcha kwamoto, kusuta kwa malasha pansi pa nthaka, ndi misampha yapansi panthaka
• Utsi wamoto wamtchire ndi chitetezo chokoka phulusa
• Kuwonongeka kwagalimoto: chitetezo cha malo, kutulutsa, ndi kusamala kwa msana
• Mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndi kupuma kwa utsi thandizo loyamba

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service - Southern Research Station & Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory: Superfog Formation Physics, Smoldering Moisture Dynamics, ndi Wildland-Highway Visibility Modelling.
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) - National Weather Service (NWS, United States): Dense Smoke Advisory, Superfog Index Forecasting, ndi Low-Visibility Motorist Safety Guidelines.
• National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB, United States): Malipoti a Highway Special Investigation on Limited-Visibility Multi-Vehicle Chain-Reaction Collisions ndi Bridge Pileup Countermeasures.
• Federal Highway Administration (FHWA, United States): Machenjezo Ochepa Osawoneka, Zozindikira Chifunga/Utsi, ndi Ma Protocol a Motorist Crash Avoidance.
• UK Met Office & National Highways (United Kingdom): Kuyendetsa mu Chifunga Chachikulu ndi Moorland Utsi: Highway Code Rule 226 mpaka 236 (Mitsinje Yotsika, Kuwala kwa Chifunga, ndi Kuthamangitsidwa Kwamapewa Olimba Kwambiri).