Dziwe la Wave, Water Slide, ndi Waterpark Submersion ndi Zadzidzidzi za Msana¶

Malo osungira madzi amalonda amaphatikiza ma jenereta opangira mafunde, mafunde othamanga kwambiri a fiberglass, ndi mitsinje yodzaza ndi machubu oyandama kupita kumalo komwe kumamira ndi kuvulala kwa khomo lachiberekero kumachitika mwakachetechete. Mosiyana ndi dziwe labata lamakona anayi pomwe wosambira wovutikira amawonekera nthawi yomweyo pansi pamiyala yoyera, dziwe lazamalonda limanyamula alendo mazanamazana mapewa ndi mapewa kukhala chipwirikiti chowaza ndi denga lolimba la machubu amkati a vinilu. Wosambira wotopa akachotsedwa pa chubu chake kapena kukokeredwa pamalo opumirapo mafunde, denga la zombo zoyandama zimatchinga malo opumira pamwamba komanso mzere wowonekera wa opulumutsa okwera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma slide othamanga kwambiri, madontho a kapisozi, ndi maulendo apabanja a anthu ambiri amafulumizitsa okwera kufika 30 mpaka 55 kilomita pa ola (makilomita 19 mpaka 34 pa ola) asanawatayire m'madzi osaya kapena madziwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi zowombana, kugwedezeka kwa mutu, ndi kugwa.

Kuti mupulumuke pakagwa ngozi yamadzi pamafunika kudziwa momwe mungayambitsire kutsekeka kwadzidzidzi kwadzidzidzi (E-stop)**, kusambira kuchokera pansi pa machubu odzaza mkati mumtsinje waulesi kapena dziwe lafunde, momwe mungapewere kugundana kwakhungu mukayimitsidwa mkati mwa chubu chamadzi chozunguliridwa, komanso momwe mungachitire (njira yothina) kunyamula munthu wovulala msana m'madzi asanafike bwalo lolimba.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

Ngati mukuwona munthu akusambira akomoka, mwana atatsekeredwa mkati mwa machubu amkati, kugunda kwamphamvu kwamadzi, kapena wina akuvutikira padziwe losambira, chitanipo kanthu zisanu ndi chimodzi izi:

1. Fuulani "WOLINDIRA WAMOYO, AKUMIRA M'MADZI" ndipo pemphani kuti muyimitsenso Wave-Stop / E-Stop: Osagwedezeka mwaulemu kapena kuganiza kuti mlonda woyimilira akuwona wovulalayo kudzera pakunyezimira ndi machubu oyandama. Lozani mwachindunji munthu womira kapena wovutikirayo ndi mkono wotambasula, fuulani "MALO OGWIRITSIRA NTCHITO, WOSAMBIRA MZIMU POMWEYO, ONANI WAVE STOP," ndipo lamulani woimirirayo kuti akanikize chofiyira chapafupi kwambiri Batani la bowa la Emergency Stop (E-Stop) pakhoma la dziwe kapena kupha chopondapo chamadzi.
2. Chotsani bwalo la mita 3 (mapazi 10) la machubu amkati ndi kukwera kutali ndi wovulalayo nthawi yomweyo: M'dziwe lozungulira kapena mtsinje waulesi, machubu apulasitiki oyandama amatsekera okhudzidwa pansi pamadzi ngati chivundikiro cha ayezi wolimba. Sonkhanitsani chubu chilichonse chamkati chapafupi ndi chokwera cha anthu ambiri kunja kuti mutsegule madzi aukhondo pamwamba pa wovulalayo kuti athe kutsika ndipo wopulumutsa atha kulowamo molunjika.
3. Ngati mwagwetsedwa pa chubu kapena kugwidwa ndi mafunde a dziwe, dzimbirirani pansi kapena gwirani ngalande yotsekeka pakhoma: Musamenyere mmwamba kudutsa padenga la machubu opiringizika pakati pa malo ophwanyira mafunde. Mutha kusambira pansi pamadzi motsatira zomata pansi zomata ku khoma lakufupi kwambiri (pomwe chiwiya chophatikizira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri chimadutsa mumtsinje wamadzi) kapena kukankhira m'bowo lomwe lili pakati pa chubu limodzi lamkati kuti mupume mpaka mafunde atayima.
4. Ngati muyimitsa kapena kutembenuka mkati mwa slide flume yotsekeredwa, tulukani munjirayo kapena tsitsani pansi nthawi yomweyo: Wokwera wina amatsitsidwa pa slide masekondi 10 mpaka 20 aliwonse ndipo sangakuwoneni m'makhonde akhungu. Ngati muyima ndi chitoliro chotseguka pamwamba, gudubuza mlomo wam'mbali kuchokera mumphika nthawi yomweyo; ngati muli mkati mwa chubu chakuda chotsekedwa, musaime OSATI imirirani kapena yendani chammbuyo kutsutsana ndi madzi otuluka, m'malo mwake dzitsitsireni nokha ku dziwe la splashdown mwachangu momwe mungathere ndikuteteza mutu wanu ndi manja anu.
5. Ngati wokwera agunda mutu wake pa slide runout kapena dziwe pansi, khazikitsani khosi lawo m'madzi ndipo MUSAWAkweze pa sitimayo: Pokhapokha ngati madziwo ali pachiwopsezo cha moyo, sungani wovulala wa msana akudziwa kapena akupumira choyandama pamwamba. Gwirani manja awo akumtunda molunjika mbali zonse za mutu wawo kuti khosi la khomo la khomo lachiberekero lisamayende bwino mpaka oteteza chitetezo alowetsa pulasitiki yolimba pansi pawo.
6. **Imbani thandizo ladzidzidzi ndikuyamba kupuma nthawi yomweyo ngati munthu yemwe wamira m'madzi sanayankhe **: Imbani foni kwanuko manambala angozi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom) ndipo amafuna kuti ogwira ntchito pakiyi abweretse dziwe lamadzi Automated External Defibrillator (AED) ndi zida za oxygen. Mosiyana ndi kumangidwa kwadzidzidzi kwa mtima pamtunda wouma, kumizidwa ndi kumangidwa koyamba kwa hypoxic: wozunzidwayo akakhala pa dziwe lamadzi ndipo osapumira bwino, yambani. CPR kuyambira ndi **2 kupuma kupuma ** kutsatiridwa ndi 30 chifuwa compression.

Mtengo wosankha mwanzeru pakumiza m'madzi ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi¶

Gwiritsani ntchito mtengo wachigamulo uwu kuti mugwirizanitse kupulumutsidwa nthawi yomweyo, kuyimitsidwa kwa kukwera, ndi kuyeserera kwachipatala panthawi ya dziwe lozungulira, mtsinje waulesi, kapena ngozi yamadzi.

flowchart TD
    Start["Zadzidzidzi za Waterpark Zapezeka"] --> Zone{"1. Kodi ngoziyi ikuchitika kuti?"}
    Zone -->|"A. Wave Pool kapena Mtsinje Waulesi"| TubeClear["1. Fuulani kwa Lifeguard: GUZANI WAVE E-STOP ndi kuliza malikhweru atatu afupiafupi<br/>2. Kankhirani machubu onse akuyandama kutali ndi 3 m (10 ft) kuti mutsegule madzi pamwamba"]
    Zone -->|"B. Water Slide Flume kapena Splashdown Runout"| StopDispatch["1. Fuulani kuti mutetezere wayilesi WOTETEZA NTCHITO TSOPANO: IMItsani KUSINTHA NTHAWI YOMWEYO<br/>2. Tsekani kanjira ka splashdown kuti okwera omwe akubwera asamenye wovulalayo"]
    TubeClear --> VictimState{"2. Kodi wozunzidwayo ali bwanji?"}
    StopDispatch --> VictimState
    VictimState -->|"Osayankha / Osapuma"| ExtricateFast["Moyo pamwamba pa miyendo: Fukulani mwachangu kuti mulowe pansi ndi chubu / bolodi la opulumutsa, imbani 911/112/999, perekani mpweya wopulumutsa 2 + 30:2 CPR + AED"]
    VictimState -->|"Kuzindikira / Kupuma ndi Mutu kapena Pakhosi Impact"| SpineWater["Khalani m'madzi osaya: Ikani Vice-Grip kapena Head-Splint inline C-spine stabilization; dikirani lifeguard backboard ndi mutu immobilizer midadada"]
    VictimState -->|"Womwe Anamizidwa M'madzi Anapulumutsidwa Akutsokomola / Chidziwitso"| DelayedWatch["Yang'anirani pambuyo pa kumizidwa m'mapapo mwanga edema kwa maola 6 mpaka 8; pitani ku ER ngati kutsokomola kosalekeza, kupuma mwachangu, kupweteka pachifuwa, kapena kusokonezeka"]

Matrix oyerekeza: ma hydraulics okopa madzi, njira zovulaza, ndi njira zopulumutsira¶

Chilichonse chokopa pamadzi chimagwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya wosiyanasiyana wa hydraulic womwe umapanga njira zolumikizirana, kugundana, ndi kuvulala.

Kulowera pansi 1: Kupulumuka padziwe la mafunde, zoopsa za caisson, ndi msampha wa "chubu"¶

Maiwe osambira amalonda ndi omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lamadzi omwe amafa m'malo osungiramo madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Kumvetsetsa physics of artificial wave generation kumafotokoza chifukwa chake osambira amphamvu ndi ana omwe amayang'aniridwa amatha kulowa m'mavuto mkati mwa masekondi 30.

1. Kuzama kwachinyengo kumasintha pamene siren yoweyula ikuwomba¶

Pamene dziwe la mafunde lili mkati mwa mpumulo wake wa madzi athyathyathya, mwana kapena wosambira wofooka atayima pa 1.1-mita (3.5-foot) kolowera kuya kwake kumakhala ndi chibwano chake pamwamba pa madzi. Komabe, nthawi yomwe lipenga lochenjeza likuwomba ndipo moto wa caissons wakuya: - Kusinthasintha kwa Peak-and-Trough: Mumphika womwe uli pakati pa mafunde, madzi amagwera m'chiuno mwa osambira, zomwe zimawayesa kuti ayende mozama. Masekondi awiri pambuyo pake, 1.5-mita (5-foot) wave crest ikufika, kukweza madzi ku ** 1.8 mpaka 2.1 mamita (6 mpaka 7 mapazi) ** pamutu pawo pamene akugwetsa mapazi awo pansi. - Kuchulukana Kwambiri Kwambiri: M'dziwe lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri, osambira mazana ambiri adzaza m'malo omwe akusweka. Mafunde odzigudubuza akasweka, amaponyera matupi akuluakulu olemera ndi machubu a vinilu kumtunda nthawi yomweyo, ndikugwetsera osambira ang'onoang'ono pansi pamadzi. - Pansi Pansi Pansi (Kubwerera Pakalipano): Chifukwa madzi akankhidwira kugombe losaya amayenera kubwereranso kumalo akuya kuti adyetse mafunde otsatirawa, amphamvu kubwerera kumunsi kwapano amakoka osambira otopa kumapazi awo kupita ku chingwe chotchinga cha mamita 2.4 (mamita 8).

2. Chifukwa chiyani simuyenera kuwoloka chingwe chotchinga chakuya pafupi ndi ma wave caissons¶

Kumapeto kwa dziwe lililonse lozungulira kumakhala khoma loyimirira la konkriti ** zipinda zotchingidwa ndi zitsulo (ma wave caissons) **. Masekondi angapo aliwonse, mafani kapena zitseko zama hydraulic amakankhira malita masauzande amadzi kutuluka m'zipindazo kenako **amayamwa madzi mwamphamvu kubwerera mkati ** kuti awonjezere.

   [WAVE POOL HYDRAULIC PROFILE & ESCAPE VECTORS]

   [WAVE CAISSON WALL] (Lethal Suction / Crush Zone - Stay Behind Rope)
          |||  <-- Alternating 2.5 m Wave Surge & Return Undertow
          vvv
   +---------------------------------------------------------------+
   |   DEEP END (2.4 m / 8 ft)    |    BREAK ZONE (1.2 - 1.8 m)    |
   |   ESCAPE: Swim perpendicular |  ESCAPE: Dive under tubes &    |
   |   to SIDE WALL GRAB GUTTER   |  swim to SIDE WALL GUTTER      |
   +---------------------------------------------------------------+

• Kutsekera kwa Caisson Koopsa: Ngati osambira agwira pansi pa chingwe chachitetezo kumapeto kwakuya, kuyamwa kwa recharge kumatha kuwakokera kapena kudutsa m'mipiringidzo kulowa muchipinda cha pneumatic, momwe mafunde amkati amapha komanso chipwirikiti.
• Mmene Mungapulumukire Kudera la Wave Amoyo: Osasambira molunjika kutsogolo motsutsana ndi mafunde amphamvu kapena molunjika kumbuyo mukatopa pakati pa dziwe. Tembenukirani madigiri 90 ndikusambira **kufanana ndi khoma lozungulira molunjika kukhoma lakumanzere kapena lakumanja la konkriti **, pomwe njanji ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena ngalande yamanja imayenderera m'mphepete mwa madzi ndi makwerero otuluka pamamita 15 aliwonse (mamita 50).

3. Kuthawa "denga la chubu" mumtsinje waulesi kapena dziwe losambira¶

Mwana kapena wamkulu akagwa kuchokera mu chubu chamkati mumtsinje wodzaza waulesi kapena dziwe la mafunde, machubu ozungulira amagundana pamwamba pamutu pawo, kupanga ** vinyl raft ceiling** yosasweka. - Mukawona mwana akutuluka muchubu: Gwirani chubu chopanda kanthu nthawi yomweyo monga cholembera chanu, kankhirani machubu oyandikana nawo ndi manja onse awiri, ndikufika pansi molunjika m'madzi momwe chubucho chimapindikira. - Ngati mwatsekeredwa m'madzi pansi pa kupanikizana kwa raft: Osataya mpweya ukugunda m'mwamba poyang'ana pansi paphwando la ma raft a anthu ambiri. Mwina ** pindani manja onse awiri molunjika pabowo lapakati la chubu limodzi lamkati ** ndikukokerani nkhope yanu mkatikati kuti mupume, kapena kusambira pansi masentimita 60 (mamita awiri) pafupi ndi malo omata matailosi ndikutsatira mzere wapansi wopaka utoto chammbali mpaka khoma la dziwe.

Kuzama 2: Madzi otsetsereka a flume physics, kugundana kwa okwera, ndi zoopsa za hydroplaning¶

Pansi pamiyezo ya uinjiniya (ASTM F2376 ndi EN 1069), masilayidi amadzi amadalira kuchuluka kwamadzi oyenda bwino, kaimidwe ka thupi la wokwera, ndi masitayilo otumizirana zinthu pofuna kupewa okwera kuti asawombane m'ngalande zakhungu.

1. Zoyenera kuchita ngati muyimitsa, kutembenuza, kapena kukakamira mu chubu chamadzi¶

Okwera nthawi zina amasiya kusuntha mkati mwa slide flume yamadzi, makamaka mkati mwa **zidutswa zowotchera madzi okwera m'madzi **, kusintha kwa fani / mbale , kapena masilayidi opindika pamene wokwera akulephera kuchotsa nsonga yake: 1. Yembekezerani wokwera pamasekondi 10 mpaka 15 aliwonse: Magetsi odzipangira okha amatha kulephera kapena oteteza opulumutsa atha kutumiza wokwera wina pa chowonera nthawi. Tangoganizani kuti wokwera wina kapena bwato la banja la ma kilogalamu 300 (660-mapaundi) likukuzungulirani chakumbuyo ** makilomita 45 pa ola (makilomita 28 pa ola) mozungulira popindikira mwakhungu. 2. Mu chitoliro chotsegula chagalasi cha fiberglass: Ngati chotengera chanu chigudubuzika kapena mwasiya kuyenda panjira yotseguka pamwamba pafupi ndi pansi kapena polowera pansi, ** gudubuzani mlomo wa m'mbali mwa fiberglass kuchokera mu thirelo nthawi yomweyo ndikugwedeza manja onse awiri kupita kwa woteteza wapafupi. 3. Mkati mwa chubu chakuda kapena chitoliro chokwera kwambiri: - Osayendapo kukwera polimbana ndi jeti yamadzi: Kuyimirira pamagalasi oterera, onyowa a fiberglass kumapangitsa kuti chigaza chanu chilowe chakumbuyo chakumbuyo, ndipo kuyenda mtunda kumachepetsa nthawi yogundana ndi mutu. - Pa mphamvu yokoka yokhazikika: Dzikankhireni pansi potsetsereka pamimba panu kapena pampando kulowera kudziwe lotulukira pomwe mukugwedezeka kumbuyo kwa mutu wanu ndi manja ngati mumva wokwera yemwe akubwera. - **Pamtunda wokwera wamadzi kapena loop slide **: Wokwera akamalowera cham'mbuyo m'chigwa chotsikitsitsa cha loop, masilayidi amakono amakhala ndi **chitseko chadzidzidzi ** chomangidwa m'mbali mwa chigwacho. Kanikizani thupi lanu pakhoma lakunja ndikugogoda pa chitseko cha hatch kuti wothandizira atsegule latch.

2. Kupewa kuthamanga kwambiri kwa thupi kuvulala mkati ndi mafupa¶

Pamalo otsetsereka otsetsereka osatsika, madzi amalowa m'malo othamangitsira mabuleki pa liwiro loposa makilomita 55 pa ola (makilomita 34 pa ola): - Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusunga akakolo anu molimbana: Ngati miyendo yanu ikufalikira pamene mukugunda pobowola pa 55 km/h, ndege yamadzi yothamanga kwambiri imalowera ku perineum, rectum, kapena ngalande yoberekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hydrodynamic zilonda zam'mimba kapena zoboola zamadzi. Sungani akakolo anu mwamphamvu kuchokera pa kapisozi wapamwamba woyambira mpaka thupi lanu litasiya kuyenda munjira yothamanga. - Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusuntha manja anu pachifuwa: Kutambasula manja kuti mukhudze mbali za flume yothamanga kumapangitsa kuti zigongono zanu kapena zikhatho zanu zigwire pa mfundo za fiberglass kapena zigamba zouma, kuthyola mkono kapena kuchititsa kuti mapewa agwedezeke (mapewa osokonekera, chipewa cha bondo, ndi kusokonekera kwa mafupa). - **Chotsani njira yodutsamo mkati mwa masekondi atatu **: Njira yolowera pansi ndiye malo omwe anthu agundana kwambiri papaki yamadzi. Kuthamanga kwanu kukayima nthawi yomweyo, gudubuzani chammbali pakhoma logawikana kapena kusambira nthawi yomweyo kupita ku masitepe otuluka.

Kuzama 3: Kuyimba mluzu kwa a Lifeguard, kuyang'ana malo osawona, ndi chisamaliro chamsana m'madzi¶

Kumvetsetsa momwe akatswiri oteteza chitetezo cham'madzi amalankhulirana (pansi pa ** Ellis & Associates **, **American Red Cross **, **StarGuard Elite **, kapena ma protocol a Royal Life Saving Society UK) amalola oimirira kuti azindikire kupulumutsa kwachangu ndikuthandizira popanda kulepheretsa zochitika zadzidzidzi.

Standard waterpark whistle ndi chizindikiro chamanja¶

Momwe mungakhazikitsire munthu amene akuganiziridwa kuti kuvulala kwa khomo lachiberekero m'madzi osaya¶

Ngati wosambira adumphira m'madzi osaya, amadumphira pa bwato la anthu ambiri pamutu pake, kapena akumenyetsa khoma la konkriti ndikudandaula za kupweteka kwa khosi, dzanzi, kumva kulasa m'manja kapena mapazi, kapena kufooka (kuvulala kwa msana):

   [HEAD-SPLINT (OVER-ARM) IN-WATER C-SPINE STABILIZATION]

   1. Approach victim from the side in chest-deep water.
   2. Grasp the victim's RIGHT arm just above the elbow with your RIGHT hand,
      and their LEFT arm just above the elbow with your LEFT hand.
   3. Gently sweep both of the victim's arms forward and press their upper
      arms (biceps) firmly against BOTH sides of their ears/head.
   4. If the victim is face-down in the water: Roll the victim toward you as a
      single rigid unit while walking forward so the water's buoyancy floats
      their hips to the surface without twisting the neck.

1. Osamukoka msana kuchokera m'dziwe ndi mkhwapa: Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumathandizira kulemera kwa thupi la wovulalayo pang'onopang'ono. Kuwakweza pamwamba pa dziwe kuchokera padziwe ndi makwerero kapena pamwamba pa ngalande ya sitimayo popanda cholimba chakumbuyo kumapinda msana ndipo kungathe kudula khomo lachiberekero losakhazikika.
2. Pangani Njira Yophatikizira Mutu (Over-Arm Clamp):
3. Imani m'madzi abata mpaka m'chiuno mpaka pachifuwa pafupi ndi wovulalayo.
4. Gwirani mikono yakumtunda ya wovulalayo pakati pa mapewa ndi zigongono.
5. Yendetsani manja onse a wovulalayo patsogolo pang'onopang'ono mpaka manja awo akumtunda kukanikiza mwamphamvu mbali zonse za mutu wawo, ndikumangirira mutu wawo motsatira fupa la pachifuwa.
6. Ngati wovulalayo akuyandama ** nkhope pansi **, sungani mkono wokhotakhota m'makutu mwawo ndipo pang'onopang'ono yendani kutsogolo pamene mukuzungulira wovulalayo ** kwa inu ** mpaka nkhope yake itachotsa madzi pamwamba pa madzi, kusunga thupi lanu lochepa kuti khosi lawo likhalebe ndale.
7. Dikirani Bokosi la Lifeguard Backboard: Gwirani wovulalayo ali pamwamba pamadzi mpaka opulumutsa amiza pulasitiki yolimba ya msana pansi pa wovulalayo, kuyandama pansi pa msana wawo, kumangirira chiuno chawo choyamba, ndikutchingira chithovu chotchinga mutu asanagwetse bolodi pabwalo la dziwe.

Kulowera pansi 4: Post-submersion pulmonary edema ("kumira kwachiwiri") ndi zoopsa zamankhwala / zachilengedwe¶

Mavuto awiri azachipatala omwe amachitika nthawi zambiri amakhala pangopita mphindi zochepa mpaka maola pambuyo poti chochitika cha pamadzi chatha.

1. Kuchedwa kwa edema ya m'mapapo pambuyo pomira ("kumira kwachiwiri / kowuma" nthano motsutsana ndi zenizeni zachipatala)¶

Mabungwe azachipatala odzidzimutsa (kuphatikiza ** American College of Emergency Physicians **, ** American Red Cross **, ndi ** World Health Organisation **) akugogomezera kuti "kumira m'madzi" ndi "kumira kwachiwiri" ndi mawu osachiritsika omwe nthawi zambiri amasokoneza makolo. Komabe, ngozi yeniyeni yachipatala yomwe amalongosola, **kumizidwa pambuyo pa kumiza kupuma / kuchedwa kwa pulmonary edema **, ndi 100 peresenti yeniyeni ndipo ikhoza kupha: - Mmene zimachitikira: Mwana kapena wamkulu akamizidwa pang'ono m'dziwe logwedezeka kapena kutembenuzira pansi pa slide yamadzi ndikukoka ngakhale 1 mpaka 3 milliliters amadzi a dziwe lopangidwa ndi klorini pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi (supuni 2 mpaka 4 kwa mwana), akhoza kutsokomola mwamphamvu kwa mphindi imodzi pa dziwe lapamwamba ndiyeno kuwonekera bwino. Pakadutsa 1 mpaka maola 8, madzi oyeretsedwa a klorini amatsuka zoteteza pulmonary surfactant zomwe zili m'matumba a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapo ndikuyambitsa kutupa kwamankhwala. Madzi amatuluka kuchokera m'magazi kulowa m'matumba a mpweya, kusokoneza kusinthana kwa okosijeni pang'onopang'ono pamene wovulalayo akukwera kunyumba kapena kupumula pabedi. - Mbendera Zofunika Zadzidzidzi kwa maola 8: Tengani munthu aliyense amene anamira pansi pa madzi pang'ono, anafunika thandizo lopulumutsa anthu, kapena akosomola thovu/madzi atapita ku dipatimenti yazadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo ngati awonetsa zotsatirazi pasanathe maola 24: - Chifuwa chosalekeza kapena chokulirakulira chomwe chimapitilira mphindi 15 mpaka 20 mutasiya madzi. - Kupuma kofulumira, kozama, mphuno zikuwomba, kapena khungu kukokera mkati pakati pa nthiti kapena pamwamba pa kolala. - Kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma motikira, kapena kudandaula kuti kumapweteka kupuma mozama **. - **Kugona kosazolowereka, kutopa kwambiri, kukwiya, kapena kusokonezeka ** (chizindikiro chovuta kwambiri chotsitsa mpweya wa okosijeni). - Kusanza pambuyo pomira m'madzi kapena kupendekera kotumbululuka/buluu kuzungulira milomo kapena zikhadabo.

2. Kuphulika kwa mpweya wa klorini pa ndege zobwerera m'madzi ndi Cryptosporidium¶

Malo osungira madzi akuluakulu amazunguliranso malita mamiliyoni ambiri amadzi kudzera mu makina sodium hypochlorite ndi zodyetsera mankhwala a asidi: - Kutuluka Kwa Gasi Wa Chlorine Pamalo Obwelera: Ngati mpope wogwiritsanso ntchito madzi uzimitsidwa pamene mpope wamankhwala wothira mankhwala ukupitirirabe kubaya chlorine ndi asidi mu chitoliro chosasunthika, mankhwala awiriwa amasakanikirana mkati mwa chitolirocho ndi kupanga gesi wapoizoni wa chlorine (\(Cl_2\)). Pampu yamadzi ikayambiranso, chithovu chachikasu chobiriwira cha mpweya wa chlorine ndi madzi a acidic amaphulika kuchokera pansi ndikubweza jeti kwa osambira. Ngati mukumva fungo la bleach, onani fungo la gasi likuphulika kuchokera pansi pazibowo pambuyo poyambitsanso mpope, kapena kuona osambira ambiri akutsokomola ndikusisita maso akuyaka nthawi imodzi, kuwalira kuti aliyense atulukemo nthawi yomweyo ndikugwedezeka (onani dziwe losambira mankhwala ndi kukonza mwadzidzidzi ndi bulichi wosakaniza ndi ammonia kapena vinyo wosasa wa poizoni wa chlorine mpweya). - Interactive Splash Pad and Fecal Contamination Hazards: Ma splash pads afika zero-deep deep zero-deep and kiddie slide amazungulira madzi otentha osaya omwe ana amakonda kumeza. Ngakhale kuti klorini wamba amapha mabakiteriya ambiri mumphindi zochepa, tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso Cryptosporidium tili ndi chipolopolo cholimba chakunja chomwe chimalola kuti chikhale ndi moyo kwa 7 mpaka 10 masiku ngakhale m'madzi oyeretsedwa bwino. Musalole kuti mwana yemwe watsekula m'mimba posachedwapa alowe m'malo osungiramo madzi, asameze madzi okopa, ndipo muuze wopulumutsa anthu pangozi iliyonse yachimbudzi.

Yendanitu mndandanda wachitetezo cha banja la Waterpark¶

Musanayambe kumasula banja lanu mkati mwa malo osungiramo madzi amalonda, tengani mphindi zisanu pamalo otsekera kuti mukhazikitse ndondomeko zisanu ndi imodzi zopulumutsa moyo:

• Ikani jekete yovomerezeka pa mwana aliyense wosachepera mamita 1.22 (mainchesi 48) wamtali kapena wosambira aliyense wopanda mphamvu: Malo aliwonse odziwika bwino amadzi amapereka zida zaulere za Coast Guard kapena ISO certified personal flotation devices (PFDs) pafupi ndi dziwe losambira ndi mtsinje waulesi. Osadalira mapiko amadzi opumira kapena machubu amkati amkati, omwe amatsetsereka pakuwomba kwa mafunde.
• Limbikitsani "Touch Supervision" (Arm's Reach) kwa ana osafika zaka 6 kapena osasambira: Oteteza moyo amawonera mazana a anthu nthawi imodzi ndipo ndiwo amasunga zosunga zobwezeretsera, osati olera ana. Mu dziwe lililonse, mtsinje waulesi, kapena malo othawirako, munthu wamkulu wodzipereka ayenera kukhala mkati mwautali wa mkono umodzi kuposa mwana aliyense kapena wosambira wopanda mphamvu nthawi zonse.
• Valirani ana zovala zosambira zamtundu walalanje, zapinki, kapena zachikasu chowala: Zosambira zabuluu, zoyera, zobiriwira, ndi zakuda zapamadzi zimazimiririka m'madzi a dziwe, onyezimira abuluu ndikuwoneka ofanana ndi mithunzi pansi pa dziwe. Neon lalanje, neon pinki, ndi chikasu chowala cha fulorosenti zimakhalabe zowonekera kupyola mamita awiri (6.5 mapazi) amadzi achipwirikiti.
• Yendani potulukira paliponse musanakwere: Musanalowe m'dziwe lozungulira, onetsani ana anu* mzere wochenjeza wa1.2-mita (mamita 4) womwe uli pansi pa dziwelo ndi makoma, onetsani mitsinje yotsekera yomwe ili m'mbali mwa khoma, ndipo vomerezani za malo osonkhanira ngati atapatukana.
• Chotsani malaya omasuka, mikanda, zingwe zotchingira, ndi magalasi olimba musanakwere zithunzi zothamanga kwambiri: Tchikwama zamafoni osalowa madzi pamikanda yapakhosi zimakhala zingwe zotsekera pazithunzi zapathupi, ndipo magalasi olimba amaphwanyidwa kumphuno pakagundana kwa 50 km/h (31 mph).
• Pezani mabatani ofiira a Wave Pool E-Stop ndi First Aid / siteshoni ya AED pofika: Pamene mukulowa pabwalo la dziwe, yang'anani pamiyala ya oteteza opulumutsa ndi makoma ozungulira kuti muwone mabatani ofiira Emergency Wave Stop kuti mutha kutseka mafunde mumasekondi atatu pakagwa vuto.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

N’chifukwa chiyani mafunde osambira ndi mitsinje yaulesi ndi yoopsa kwambiri kumizidwa kuposa maiwe osambira nthawi zonse?¶

Mu dziwe losambira lokhala ndi makona anayi, madziwo amakhala abata, oyera, osatsekeka, zomwe zimalola opulumutsa anthu kuwona pansi pang'onopang'ono. Mu dziwe la mafunde kapena mtsinje waulesi, mazana a machubu opaque vinyl mkati ndi ma rafts amaphimba mpaka 80 peresenti ya madzi pomwe mafunde akusweka amamwaza kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikupanga madontho akuya pansi pamadzi. Ngati mwana kapena wosambira wotopa athyoka pa chubu chake, zombo zozungulira zozungulira zimagundana pamwamba ngati chipale chofewa, ndikutsekereza munthuyo pansi pamadzi pomwe sangathe kukankhira mmwamba kuti apume kapena kuwonedwa ndi opulumutsa anthu.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mutagwetsedwa pa chubu chanu kapena kukokedwa pansi pa dziwe lomwe muli anthu ambiri?¶

Osachita mantha kapena kumenya nkhondo molunjika m'mwamba ndi pansi pa ma raft odzaza anthu ambiri, ndipo musasambire molunjika chakumbuyo motsutsana ndi pakati pa mafunde apakati. M'malo mwake, ikani manja anu molunjika pabowo lotseguka la chubu limodzi lamkati kuti mukokere nkhope yanu mmwamba mu mphete ya mpweya, kapena kudumphira pansi ku dziwe lomwe lili ndi matailosi pomwe madzi alibe machubu ndi kusambira pamakona a digirii 90 molunjika kukhoma lakumanzere kapena kumanja kwa konkriti. Phukusi lililonse lazamalonda lili ndi ngalande zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri m'mbali zonse ziwiri ndi makwerero otulukira pafupi pomwe mafundewa amakhala ofooka kwambiri.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati musiya kusuntha kapena kugwa kuchokera pa raft yanu mkati mwa slide yamadzi akuda?¶

Tangoganizani kuti wokwera wina kapena ngalawa yolemera ya anthu ambiri yayambika kale masekondi 10 mpaka 15 kumbuyo kwanu ndipo ikukuzungulirani mozungulira 35 mpaka 50 makilomita pa ola (22 mpaka 31 mailosi pa ola). Osayimirira pagalasi lonyowa la fiberglass ndipo musayende kukwera podutsa madzi. Ngati muli mumphika wotseguka pamwamba pafupi ndi nthaka, gudubuzani mlomo wam'mbali mwa slide nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muli m'kati mwa chubu chamdima yokoka, dzitsitsireni pansi pamimba panu kapena pampando mpaka pansi pa dziwe lomwe likuphulika mwachangu momwe mungathere ndikuteteza kumbuyo kwa mutu wanu ndi manja anu. Ngati mutsetserekera cham'mbuyo m'chigwa cha phiri la madzi otsetsereka kapena loop slide, sunthirani kunja kwa khoma ndikugubuduza pachigwa chomwe chamangidwa mwadzidzidzi.

Kodi ndi liti pamene mukuyenera kupita kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa mwana atapita pansi pamadzi mwachidule kumalo osungira madzi?¶

Ngakhale mwana atakokedwa m'madzi mofulumira ndipo akuwoneka bwino pambuyo pa kutsokomola pa dziwe, pokoka supuni 2 mpaka 4 za madzi opangidwa ndi chlorini amatha kuchotsa zoteteza zomwe zili m'mapapo ake ndikuyambitsa kuchedwa kwa pulmonary edema pa ola limodzi kapena 8 lotsatira. Pitani kuchipatala chapafupi chapafupi mwamsanga ngati munthuyo ali ndi chifuwa chopitirira mphindi 15 mpaka 20 atachoka m’madzi, akupuma mofulumira kuposa mmene amachitira nthawi zonse, akugwira ntchito mwakhama, akudandaula za kupweteka pachifuwa, kusanza, kapena kugona modabwitsa, kulefuka, kapena kupsa mtima tsiku limenelo.

Magwero afufuzidwa¶

• International Lifesaving Federation (ILS) ndi American Red Cross: * Scientific Advisory Council Statements on Wave Pool Surveillance, In-Water Cervical Spine Immobilization (Head-Splint Technique), ndi Drowning Resuscitation *.
• ASTM International (United States) ndi European Committee for Standardization (CEN): ASTM F2376 Standard Practice for Classification, Design, Production, Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems ndi EN 1069 Water Slides Safety Requirements.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States) Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC): Wave Pool Caisson Barrier Standards, Automated Chemical Feeder Interlocks (Chlorine Gas Surge Prevention), ndi Cryptosporidium Hyperchlorination Protocols.
• Ellis & Associates ndi StarGuard Elite Aquatic Safety Standards: * 10/20 Protection Rule, Multi-Layer Tube Blind-Spot Mitigation, ndi Emergency Wave Pool E-Stop Activation Procedures *.
• American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) ndi World Health Organization (WHO): *Chitsogozo cha Zachipatala pa Kumira Kwa Non-Fatal, Post-Immersion Pulmonary Edema, ndi Kufotokozera "Dry/Secondary Drowning" Terminology *.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Kumira: kupulumutsa, kutsitsimuka, ndi kuchedwa kwa edema ya m'mapapo
• Kutsekera kwa dziwe losambira ndikumira ndi kugwedezeka kwamagetsi
• Kuvulala kwa msana: kusasunthika ndi chisamaliro
• Paki yosangalatsa komanso zochitika zadzidzidzi
• dziwe losambira mankhwala ndi kukonza mwadzidzidzi
• Chikwatu cha manambala angozi