Horse Colic: Kugudubuzika Kwachiwawa, Kupalasa, Kuyang'ana Pamphepete, Kupanda Kumveka kwa M'matumbo, ndi Chifukwa Chiyani Kuyenda Volvulus Yopotoka Sizingalowe M'malo Opaleshoni.¶

M'makhalidwe onse, mtundu, ndi kasamalidwe ka dziko la equine, Kupweteka Kwambiri M'mimba ("Colic") ndi nambala imodzi yakupha mahatchi apakhomo (Equus caballus) atakalamba. Mosiyana ndi ng'ombe kapena agalu, kavalo ali ndi m'mimba yopanda mphamvu yomwe imapangidwira msipu wosalekeza womwe umapangitsa kuti mpweya uliwonse, kuuma kwa chakudya, kapena kusamuka kwamatumbo kukhala vuto lalikulu: **(1) njira imodzi ya muscular cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter) pakhomo laling'ono 8-to-15-Liter m'mimba yomwe imalepheretsa kavalo kusanza kapena kuphulika **, kutanthauza kuti ngati madzi ndi mpweya zimatuluka kuchokera m'matumbo aang'ono (enterogastric reflux), mimba ya kavaloyo idzakhala kuphulika (100% fatal within hours) pokhapokha ngati dokotala wadutsa m'mimba (NG) chubu chochotsa kupanikizika; ndi (2) chachikulu, 3.5-meter-long (11.5-foot), 80-to-100-Liter Kukwera Mphuno Yaikulu yomwe imayandama momasuka mkati mwamimba yokhazikika pokhapokha (the right dorsal colon and cecocolic fold), kulola m'matumbo onse kugwedezeka pamwamba pa nephrosplenic ligament kapena kupotoza 180 to 720 degrees pamagazi ake a mesenteric (Large Colon Volvulus).

Chomwe chimalekanitsa mahatchi omwe amapulumuka pachifuwa ndi akavalo omwe amafa kapena omwe amafunikira euthanasia ndi kuzindikira koyambirira kwa zilonda zam'mimba pa "zenera la Golide la 2-to-4-Hour" ndikupewa nthano zitatu zozikika mozama za barani: **(1) nthano yoyenda kavalo mosalekeza" kwa maola **kuyenda mozungulira **kuyenda mozungulira. amasokoneza kavalo kugudubuzika ndi kudzivulaza pamene mukudikirira vetenale kuyenda kavalo ndi 360-degree volvulus mpaka kutopa kumathandizira kugwedezeka kwa endotoxic ndipo sikusokoneza m'matumbo ophwanyidwa); *(2) nthano yakuti jekeseni Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) mu minofu ya khosi la kavalo (IM) ndikukonza mwachangu ** (intramuscular Banamine zimayambitsa kupha Clostridium gas gangrene / myonecrosis (30%+ mortality) ndi kubisa kukwera kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupweteka kwa opaleshoni yopindika mpaka matumbo akuda ndi necrotic); ndi (3) kuyembekezera 8 kwa maola a 12 ku nkhokwe "kuti muwone ngati mlingo wachiwiri wa Banamine ukugwira ntchito" musanayambe kulumikiza ngolo ya akavalo. Hatchi ikakhala ndi Kupusitsa Colon Volvulus kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono Epiploic Foramen Entrapment, matumbo opindika amataya magazi ake am'mitsempha komanso amitsempha nthawi yomweyo: amakokeredwa ku chipatala cha opareshoni mkati mwa 2 mpaka 4 maola, kupulumuka kumapitilira **80% mpaka 90%*8 kutsika kwa maola 2 kutsika,kudikirira maola awiri kutsika. 20% mpaka 30%. Ngati kavalo wanu akukokera pakali pano, itanani veterinarian wanu mwamsanga, funsani kwanuko manambala angozi ngati wogwirizira wamunthu akankhidwa kapena kuphwanyidwa ndi kavalo wodzigudubuza, ndipo pendaninso malangizo a abale athu zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, nkhokwe ya udzu kuyaka modzidzimutsa ndi nyerere yonyowa,ndi poizoni hemlock, hogweed chimphona, ndi namsongole poizoni msipu.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. ** Itanani veterinarian wanu WONSE PAMODZI pachizindikiro choyamba cha colic, MUSAMAdikire ola limodzi kuti muwone ngati ikupitaBanamine, Bute, kapena Dipyrone) musanalankhule ndi dokotala wa zanyama.** Muuzeni wowona za kavaloyo momwe kavaloyo amachitira komanso 5 Barn Vitals (Kugunda kwamtima, Mtundu wa Gum / Nthawi Yowonjezeredwanso ndi Capillary, Phokoso la 4 Quadrant Gut, Kutentha kwa Rectal, ndi Digital Pulses).
2. **Chotsani udzu, tirigu, phala, ndi zofunda (maphesi/zometa) ONSE m’khola kapena padock nthawi yomweyo, kwinaku mukusiya madzi oyera akupezeka pokhapokha ngati hatchi ikuphwanyidwa mwamphamvu.
3. OSATI mulowe pang'ono 3.6 x 3.6 meter (12 x 12 foot) khola lokhala ndi kavalo yemwe amadzigwetsera pansi ndikugudubuzika mwamphamvu. A 500-kg (1,100-lb) hatchi yomwe ili ndi colic yopweteka kwambiri imakhala yosawona kukhalapo kwa munthu ndipo imatha kukuphwanya pakhoma la khola (causing fatal human pelvic/chest trauma). Sunthani kavalo mubwalo laling'ono, la miyendo yofewa, lotsekedwa, cholembera chozungulira, kapena paddock ya udzu* ngati kuli kotetezeka kuti atsogolere, ndipo khalani pamapewa a kavalo pamalo otseguka.
4. Yendani hatchiyo pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 POKHALA ngati hatchi ikufuna kugudubuza mwamphamvu, MUSAMAyende kavalo wotopa komanso wabata mpaka kutopa. Ngati hatchi ikufuna kugona cha phee pamphuno yake (sternal recumbency) osadziphuntha kapena kudzigwetsera kukhoma, kavalo apume mwakachetechete. Mosiyana ndi nthano zakale za nkhokwe, kavalo kugudubuzika pansi sikuchititsa matumbo kupotokola; m'malo mwake, **m'matumbo ayamba kale kupotoza (kapena kusungunuka ndi mpweya), ndipo zotsatira zake zowawa kwambiri zimapangitsa kavalo kugudubuza **.
5. OSATI jekeseni Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) mu minofu ya kavalo (IM), ndi OSATI squirt jekeseni Banamine m'maso mwa kavalo (only give IV into the jugular vein or orally into the mouth if explicitly instructed by your vet). Mitsempha Banamine amasintha minofu pH ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu yomwe imayambitsa kugona *** Clostridium septicum / Clostridium perfringens * spores , kuchititsa ** Clostridial Myonecrosis ("Malignant Edema / Gas Gangrene"), kutupa kwa khosi koopsa, koopsa komwe kumapha pafupifupi 1 pa akavalo atatu.
6. Kwezani ngolo yanu yamahatchi (kapena itanani woyendetsa galimoto yadzidzidzi) PANOPA mukudikirira kuti wowona zanyama abwere. Ngati kugunda kwa mtimakwahatchi wanu kwakwera pamwamba. 60 beats per minute (bpm), m'kamwa ndi wofiira njerwa kapena wofiirira, m'matumbo akumveka mwakachetechete mu 4 quadrants, kapena ululu wopweteka umabwerera mkati mwa ** 1 kwa maola 2 ** pambuyo pa chowonadi chanyama / analgesia, kavalo pafupifupi ndithu ali ndi ** opaleshoni strangulation (Volvulus kapena Small Intestinal Entrapment)** ndipo ayenera kukhala panjira yopita ku chipatala cha opaleshoni ya equine nthawi yomweyo.

Mtengo wosankha: Barn Triage of Equine Colic: Medical Impaction / Gas vs. Opaleshoni Strangulation (Volvulusmotsutsana ndi Colitis¶

Gwiritsani ntchito tchatichi kuti muwone zizindikiro 5 za kavalo wanu ndikuwona ngati mukudwala colic yachipatala, matumbo opindika opangira opaleshoni, kapena matenda opatsirana.

flowchart TD
    A["Hatchi Yosonyeza Zizindikiro za Colic: Kutambasula, Kuyang'ana Pamphepete, Kupiringa Mlomo Wapamwamba (Flehmen), Kugona Mobwerezabwereza, Kapena Kugudubuza Kwachiwawa"] --> B{"Chotsani Zakudya Zonse Pompopompo & Yang'anani Zofunikira 5 Za Barn Motetezedwa (Kugunda kwa Mtima, M'kamwa / CRT, Rectal Temp, Phokoso la 4-Quadrant Gut, Digital Pulses)"}
    B -->|"RECTAL TEMP > 38.6 C (101.5 F): Kupsyinjika, kutaya chakudya, zizindikiro zochepa, mafinya ofiira njerwa, kutsatiridwa ndi chitumbuwa cha ng'ombe kapena kutsegula m'mimba"| C["WOPATSA / TOXIC ACUTE COLITIS (Potomac Horse Fever, Salmonella, Coronavirus, Clostridia, kapena NSAID Right Dorsal Colitis)"]
    B -->|"ZOWAWA ZACHIWAWA, ZOSAVUTA: Kugwa thupi pansi, mimba yotupa, kutuluka thukuta, Kugunda kwamtima > 60-80+ bpm, CRT > 2.5-3 sec, red/purple mkamwa, matumbo CHETE."| D["KUCHITA ZOCHITIKA ZOCHITIKA (Mphuno Yaikulu ya Colon Volvulus, Small Intestinal Epiploic/Inguinal Entrapment, kapena Intussusception)"]
    B -->|"ZOWAWA POPITA PAKATI PAMODZI: Kugwada, kutambasula, kugona mwakachetechete, Kugunda kwamtima 36-52 bpm, Pinki Moist Gums (CRT <2s), Temp Normal (<38.3 C)"| E["SIMPLE MEDICAL COLIC TRIAGE (Spasmodic/Gas Colic, Pelvic Flexure Impaction, kapena Sand/Enterolith obstruction)"]
    C --> F["BIOSECURITY & FLUID EMERGENCY: 1. Isolate Horse Nthawi Yomweyo (Footbath + Gloves) 2. MUSAPATSIRE NSAIDs Asanayang'ane Vet Amayang'ana Hydration 3. Aggressive IV Fluids + Polymyxin B / Plasma + Ice Boots pa Ziboda Zonse Zinayi (Kuletsa Laminitis)"]
    D --> G["KUYAMBIRA KWA OPEREKA KWAMBIRI (Mphindi 30 Zonse Ziwerengero): 1. Sungani Handler Motetezedwa ku Malo Otseguka 2. Lolani Trailer Pompopompo 3. Vet Imadutsa NG Tube nthawi yomweyo kuti Decompress M'mimba (Petsetsani Kuphulika kwa M'mimba) + IV Fluids -> Opaleshoni"]
    E --> H["Mayeso a Veterinarian Pafamu: 1. Nasogastric (NG) Tube (Fufuzani> 2 L Reflux & Administer Water + Electrolytes + Laxative) 2. Rectal Palpation / Portable Ultrasound 3. Single Vet-Directed IV Analgesic/Antispasmodic (Buscopan / Banamine Xylazi)"]
    H --> I{"Kodi ululu umabwerera mkati mwa 1 mpaka 2 maola a chithandizo cha vet, KAPENA Kodi Kuthamanga kwa Mtima kumakwera> 60 bpm, KAPENA pali> 4 Malita a NG Reflux?"}
    I -->|"INDE: Kupweteka kwapang'onopang'ono, kukwera kwa HR, kapena zabwino NG reflux"| G
    I -->|"AYI: Hatchi imakhala yabwino, imadutsa manyowa, matumbo amamveka kubwerera"| J["Pitirizani Kusala Kudya Motsogozedwa ndi Vet -> Kudyetsanso Pang'onopang'ono (Wet Mash -> Manja Ang'onoang'ono a Hay) Kupitilira Maola 48-72"]

Gawo 1: Kuyerekeza Kwachipatala kwa Mitundu Yaikulu 5 ya Horse Colic¶

Pafupifupi ** 80% mpaka 85% ya milandu ya equine colic imathetsa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chapafamu , pomwe ** 15% mpaka 20% ndi kusamuka kwamakina, kukhudzidwa, kapena kupindika kokhota.volvulus) zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chamadzimadzi cham'chipatala kapena celiotomy yadzidzidzi (opaleshoni ya colic).

Gawo 2: Kuyimbira Kwambiri: Momwe Mungayang'anire Zofunikira za 5 Barn Musanayitane Veterinarian Wanu¶

Mukayimbira veterinarian wanu nthawi ya 2:00 AM kuti mupeze kavalo wonyezimira, kuwapatsa ** manambala asanu a zolinga ** pa foni kumawauza nthawi yomweyo ngati akufunikira kukumana nanu mumsewu waukulu wopita kuchipatala cha opaleshoni kapena kubwera ku khola lanu kuti mudzagwire ntchito. (Nthawi zonse muziika patsogolo chitetezo chanu: ngati hatchi ikudzigwetsera pansi mwamphamvu, OSATI kuyesa kutentha kwa rectum kapena kumvetsera kumbali.)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       THE 5 EQUINE COLIC BARN VITALS & SURGICAL RED-FLAG THRESHOLDS         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1. HEART RATE (Stethoscope Behind Left Elbow OR Facial Artery Under Jaw):  |
|     - Normal Adult Resting HR:     28 to 40 beats per minute (bpm)          |
|     - Mild / Medical Colic:        40 to 52 bpm                             |
|     - Moderate / Borderline:       52 to 60 bpm                             |
|     - SURGICAL RED FLAG:           > 60 bpm (and > 80 bpm = Severe Shock)   |
|                                                                             |
|  2. GUM COLOR (Mucous Membranes) & CAPILLARY REFILL TIME (CRT):             |
|     - Lift upper lip gently; press thumb against gum above upper corner     |
|       incisor for 2 seconds, release, and count seconds for pink to return. |
|     - Normal:   Moist, pale bubble-gum pink; CRT = 1 to 2 seconds.          |
|     - RED FLAG: Dry/tacky (dehydration), Pale/White (internal bleed/shock), |
|                 Brick-Red, Muddy, or Purple/Blue line around teeth          |
|                 ("Endotoxic Halo"); CRT > 2.5 to 4.0+ seconds.              |
|                                                                             |
|  3. FOUR-QUADRANT GUT SOUNDS (Auscultate Both Flanks, Upper & Lower):      |
|     - Listen for 30-60 seconds at: (1) Upper Left, (2) Lower Left,          |
|       (3) Upper Right (Cecum, should have a loud 'toilet-flush' sound      |
|       every 30-60 sec), and (4) Lower Right.                                |
|     - RED FLAG: Complete silence in all 4 quadrants ("Silent Abdomen" =     |
|                 ileus/strangulation) OR high-pitched metallic 'pings'.      |
|                                                                             |
|  4. RECTAL TEMPERATURE (Stand Safely Against Left Hip, Tail Held Aside):    |
|     - Normal Adult Temp:  37.2 C to 38.3 C (99.0 F to 101.0 F)              |
|     - RED FLAG HIGH:      > 38.6 C (101.5 F) -> Suspect Infectious Colitis  |
|                           (Salmonella/PHF), Peritonitis, or Pleuropneumonia |
|     - RED FLAG LOW:       < 36.6 C (98.0 F) with high HR -> Endotoxic Shock |
|                                                                             |
|  5. HOOF TEMPERATURE & DIGITAL PULSES (Back of Fetlock / Pastern):          |
|     - Palpate medial & lateral digital arteries over the sesamoid bones.    |
|     - RED FLAG: Bounding, throbbing digital pulses + hot hooves -> Acute    |
|                 Endotoxic Laminitis ("Founder") triggered by gut toxins.    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Momwe Mungapezere Kuthamanga kwa Hatchi Popanda Stethoscope¶

Ngati mulibe choonerapo kanthu m'nkhokwe yanu yopereka chithandizo choyamba, ikani zala ziwiri zolimba pa Mtsempha Wakumaso pomwe chimagudubuzika m'mphepete mwa nsagwada za m'munsi.mandible), kutsogolo kwa minofu yayikulu yozungulira ya tsaya (masseter). Werengani kumenyedwa kwa masekondi 15 ndikuchulukitsa ndi 4 kuti mupeze beats per minute (bpm).

Gawo 3: Zoona Zokhudza Kuyenda Hatchi Yokwera, Kugudubuza, ndi Chifukwa Chake Intramuscular Banamine Ndi Zoletsedwa¶

1. Kodi Kugudubuza Kumayambitsa M'matumbo Opotoka, Ndipo Kodi Muyenera Kuyenda Motani Pahatchi Yokhotakhota?¶

Limodzi mwa malamulo akale kwambiri komanso osamvetsetseka kwambiri pankhani yokwera pamahatchi ndi lakuti “Musalole kavalo wokwera pamahatchi kugona pansi kapena kugudubuza matumbo ake, pitirizani kuiyenda zivute zitani.” - Zowona Zanyama Zowona: Madokotala ochita maopaleshoni azipatala zophunzitsa zamayunivesite atsimikizira kuti kugudubuza sikupotoza matumbo abwinobwino; M'malo mwake, kutulutsa mpweya kapena kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kumapotoza m'matumbo poyamba, ndipo zotsatira zake zopweteka za mesenteric zimakakamiza kavalo kudziponyera pansi ndikugudubuza. - Pamene Kuyenda Kumathandiza (ndi Pamene Kupweteka): - Yendani pang'onopang'ono (15 to 20 minutes at a calm walk) ngati: (a) kavalo ali ndi mpweya wochepa, pamene kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kumapangitsa kuti matumbo aziyenda bwino (peristalsis) ndikuthandizira kudutsa gasi; KAPENA (b) hatchiyo ikuyesera kudzigwetsa pansi ndikugunda mkati mwa khola kapena pamipanda, komwe kuyenda kumasokoneza kavalo ndikulepheretsa kuvulala kodzivulaza (skull/orbital fractures, ruptured spleen, or casting itself upside-down against a wall). - MUSAMAyendetse kavalo mpaka kutopa: Ngati kavalo wayenda kwa mphindi 20 mpaka 30, watopa, ndipo akungofuna kugona pansi pachifuwa chake (sternal recumbency) kapena lathyathyathya m’mbali mwake osapuntha, SIYANI KUYENDA ndipo asiyeni kavalo kuti agone m’bwalo lotetezedwa, lokhalamo mozama kapena padoko la udzu. Kuguba mokakamizidwa kwa kavalo wotopa, kuyandama kwa maola ambiri kumachepetsa glycogen, kumawonjezera kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi lactic acidosis, ndikufulumizitsa kugwedezeka kwa endotoxic.

2. Chifukwa chiyani Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) Sayenera Kubayidwa M'minofu (IM)¶

Eni mahatchi ambiri amasunga botolo la jekeseni Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine, 50 mg/mL) m'chipinda chochezera ndipo amayesedwa kuti apereke 10 mL kuwombera m'khosi kapena kumbuyo kwa minofu (IM) hatchi ikadwala. Musamachite izi, pazifukwa ziwiri za moyo kapena imfa: 1. Fatal Clostridial Myonecrosis ("Gas Gangrene" / Malignant Edema): - Mahatchi athanzi mwachibadwa amakhala ndi timbewu tating'ono ta anaerobic Clostridium septicum, Clostridium perfringens, ndi Clostridium chauvoei mkati mwa minyewa yawo (yomwe imalowa kuchokera m'matumbo kapena pores pakhungu ndikugona mopanda vuto bola ngati minofu ili ndi okosijeni wabwino). - Jekeseni Banamine (pH about 8.2 to 8.5 yokhala ndi propylene glycol ndi phenol preservatives) imakwiyitsa kwambiri ulusi wa minofu. Akabayidwa mu khosi kapena minofu ya gluteal, imayambitsa **focal ischemic muscle necrosis ndikugwetsa minofu ya m'deralo kukhala zero *. - Mkati mwa maola 12 mpaka 48, timbewu tating'ono ta Clostridium timamera mkati mwa minyewa yakufayo ndi kutulutsa poizoni wa alpha- ndi beta-exotoxins omwe amasungunula minyewa ya khosi la kavalo, ndikudzaza gawolo ndi thovu la mpweya wonunkha.crepitus), kuchititsa toxemia ya systemic, ndi kupha 25% mpaka 35% + ya akavalo okhudzidwa ** ngakhale ndi kuwononga kwakukulu kwa opaleshoni ya mbali yonse ya khosi. - Lamulo la Njira Yachitetezo: Ngati dokotala wanu wanyama atakulangizani momveka bwino pafoni kuti mupereke Banamine (mutatha kunena za zofunikira 5), mwina mugule zovomerezeka ndi FDA Banamine Paste, kapena jambulani jekeseni yamadzimadzi Banamine mu syringe POPANDA singano ndikuwathira pakamwa pakona pakamwa pahatchi (absorbs into the bloodstream in 30 to 45 minutes, almost as fast as an IM shot, with ZERO risk of Clostridial gas gangrene or carotid artery injection). Ndi dokotala wa ziweto yekha kapena katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito za aseptic jugular venipuncture ayenera kuyang'anira IV Banamine (kuphonya mtsempha wa jugular ndikulowetsa mu carotid artery kumayambitsa kukomoka nthawi yomweyo ndi kufa). 2. Kupaka Volvulus Opaleshoni: - Banamine ndi cyclooxygenase yamphamvu (COX) inhibitor yomwe imalepheretsa kupweteka kwa m'mimba kwa prostaglandin komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi/tachycardia ya endotoxemia. - Ngati kavalo ali ndi chotupa chaching'ono chaching'ono cha m'mimba ** chotupa kapena volvulus yam'mimba, kupereka Banamine Wowona zanyama asanafike akhoza kupangitsa kavalo kuima mwakachetechete ndi kunjenjemera kwa 2 mpaka maola 4 pomwe matumbo opindika amatuluka m'matumbo osasinthika.

Gawo 4: Zomwe Veterinarian Adzachita Patsamba & Momwe Mungadziwire Zabodza "Kubwezeretsa Zozizwitsa" (Gastric Rupture)¶

1. The Pa-Farm Veterinary Colic Workup¶

Veterinarian wanu akafika, khalani ndi ndowa yamadzi ofunda, chotchingira, ndi kuyatsa kwabwino kokonzeka: 1. Nasogastric (NG) Intubation (Passing the Stomach Tube): Zonse ** mayeso a matenda ** ndi mankhwala opulumutsa moyo. Veterani amadutsa chubu pamwamba pa mphuno m'mimba ndikupanga siphon. - Nthawi zambiri, mimba ya equine imatulutsa < 1 to 2 Liters cha madzi. - Ngati 4 to 15+ Liters wa fungo loipa, wofiirira-lalanje, wamchere (pH > 6) madzimadzi a m'matumbo aang'ono amatuluka (Positive Nasogastric Reflux), matumbo aang'ono amakhala otsekeka (strangulation kapena anterior enteritis), ndipo wowona zanyama wangopulumutsa m’mimba kuti isang’ambe. - Ngati pali zero reflux, vet mapampu 4 to 8 Liters madzi ofunda, ma electrolyte oyenerera, ndi Magnesium Sulfate (Mchere wa Epsom, 0.5 to 1 g/kg) kapena Mineral Oil (2 to 4 Liters) m'mimba kuti alowerere m'matumbo akuluakulu. 2. ** Transrectal Palpation & Portable Abdominal Ultrasound (FLASH Mayeso):** Imazindikiritsa kugundana kwa chiuno, cecum yotuluka mpweya, zomangira zolimba za mesenteric, kapena malupu ang'onoang'ono amatumbo otambasulidwa. > 5 cm (2 inches) ndi makoma a edema (> 4 mm). 3. Abdominocentesis ("Belly Tap"): Normal peritoneal fluid ndi mwachikaso-chikasu (lactate < 2 mmol/L). Serosanguinous (opanda magazi kapena ofiirira) amadzimadzi am'mimba okhala ndi lactate yokwezeka (> 4 mmol/L) zimatsimikizira kuti mbali ina ya matumbo yatsekeredwa, kulamula kuti achite opaleshoni nthawi yomweyo.

2. Msampha Woopsa Kwambiri mu Mankhwala a Equine: Mwadzidzidzi "Kuchepetsa Ululu" Kuchokera Pamimba Kapena Kuphulika kwa Cecal¶

Ngati kavalo wakhala akukuwawa koopsa kwa colic kwa maola ndi kugunda kwa mtima kwa 80 to 100 bpm ndipo mwadzidzi, mkati mwa mphindi 5 , imasiya kugudubuza, kuyimirira ndi mutu wake ukulendewera pansi, ndikuwoneka "wodekha": - OSATI kuganiza kuti chifuwa chadzichiritsa chokha. Yang'anani mkamwa, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi khungu nthawi yomweyo. - Ngati kavalo waimirira osasuntha, akunjenjemera, wonyowa ndi thukuta lozizira, ndi kugunda kwa mtima. 100 to 120+ bpm, zofiirira / zamatope, komanso kutentha kwa ng'ombe (< 36.5 C / 97.7 F), chotuluka m'mimba kapena cecum chaphulika (perforated) m'mimba. - Khoma la m'mimba likang'ambika, kutambasula zolandilira kumasiya kuwombera (kotero kuwawa kwapang'onopang'ono kumatha), pomwe 15 Liters asidi am'mimba ndi mabakiteriya amasefukira m'matumbo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwedezeka kwamkati mkati mwa 1 mpaka maola atatu*.

(Zokhudzana ndi zoopsa za ziweto ndi mafamu, onani Kuphulika kwa ziweto: msipu wa legume wobiriwira, rumen tympany, tubing m'mimba, ndi trocar emergency, Kuyaka modzidzimutsa m'nkhokwe ya udzu ndi nyemba zonyowa,ndi Poizoni hemlock, hogweed chimphona, ndi namsongole poizoni msipu.)

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Kuphulika kwa ziweto: msipu wa legume wobiriwira, rumen tympany, tubing m'mimba, ndi trocar emergency
• Kuwotcha kokha kwa nkhokwe, nyerere wonyowa, ndi mazenera a thermometer
• Poizoni hemlock, giant hogweed, ndi parsnip zakutchire udzu poizoni msipu
• Nkhuku zakumbuyo za avian flu, kuphwanya khola kwa zilombo, komanso kupsinjika kwa kutentha kwa ziweto
• Nambala zangozi

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• ** American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP): ** *Equine Colic: Clinical Triage of Medical vs. Opaleshoni M'mimba Pain, Nasogastric Decompression, ndi Early Referral *.
• ** Bungwe la British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA), British Horse Society (BHS), & University of Nottingham:** The REACT Now to Beat Colic Evidence-based Triage Campaign.
• ** American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) & ACVS:** * Ndemanga Zogwirizana pa Large Colon Volvulus, Small Intestinal Strangulation, ndi Clostridial Myonecrosis kuchokera ku IM Flunixin Meglumine *.
• Merck Veterinary Manual: Mwachidule cha Colic mu Mahatchi: Kuphulika kwa Chapamimba, Pelvic Flexure Impaction, ndi Endotoxic Laminitis.