Lio Colic: ʻO ka ʻōwili ikaika ʻana, ka ʻauʻau, ke nānā ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao, ka ʻole o nā kani ʻāʻī, a no ke aha e hiki ʻole ai i ka hele ʻana i kahi Volvulus wili ke hoʻololi i ka ʻokiʻoki.¶

Ma waena o kēlā me kēia aʻo, ʻano, a me ke ʻano hoʻokele i ka honua equine, ʻo Acute Abdominal Pain ("Colic") ka helu ʻekahi mea pepehi kanaka lapaʻau o nā lio kūloko (Equus caballus) ma hope o ka ʻelemakule. ʻAʻole like me nā pipi a me nā ʻīlio, loaʻa i ka lio kahi anatomy ʻōpū ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia no ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka ʻai lohi e hoʻohuli ai i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea, ka hopena o ka hānai maloʻo, a i ʻole ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū i loko o kahi pilikia weliweli i ke ola: (1) kahi muscular cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter) ma ka puka i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi 8-to-15-Liter ʻo ka ʻōpū e pale kino ai i ka luaʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka lio, ʻo ia hoʻi inā piʻi ka wai a me ke kinoea mai ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi (enterogastric reflux), e haeha maoli ka opu o ka lio (100% fatal within hours)* ke ʻole ke kauka holoholona i hala i kahi nasogastric (NG) ka paipu e hoʻopau i ke kaomi; a (2) he nui, 3.5-meter-long (11.5-foot), 80-to-100-Liter Piʻi Kona Nui e lana wale ana i loko o ka ʻōpū i heleuma WALE ma kona kumu (the right dorsal colon and cecocolic fold), e ʻae ana i ke kolonā holoʻokoʻa e hoʻohuli i ka ligament nephrosplenic a i ʻole twist 180 to 720 degrees ma kona hāʻawi koko mesenteric ponoʻī (Large Colon Volvulus).

ʻO ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā lio e ola ana i ka colic acute mai nā lio i make a koi ʻia paha i ka euthanasia ʻo ** ka ʻike mua ʻana i kahi maʻi ʻoki ʻokiʻoki i ka wā o ka "Golden 2-to-4-Hour Window"** a me ka pale ʻana i ʻekolu mau moʻolelo kuʻuna hale paʻa: **(1) ka moʻolelo e hele mau ana ka lio i waho" no nā hola "hele hele wāwae i waho" lio mai ka olokaa a eha ia oe iho oiai oe e kali ana i ke kauka hele lio me ka 360-degree ʻO ka volvulus i ka luhi e hoʻolalelale i ka haʻalulu endotoxic a ʻaʻole hoʻi e wehe i kahi kolonā i ʻoki ʻia); (2) ka moʻoʻōlelo e hoʻokomo i ka Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) i loko o ka ʻiʻo ʻāʻī o ka lio (IM) he hoʻoponopono wikiwiki palekana (intramuscular Banamine ke kumu fatal Clostridium gas gangrene / myonecrosis (30%+ mortality) a pale i ka piʻi ʻana o ka puʻuwai a me ka ʻeha o ka ʻoki ʻana a hiki i ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻōpū a me ka necrotic); a (3) e kali ana no 8 a 12 mau hola ma ka hale paʻa "e ʻike inā hana ka lua o ka Banamine" ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hale kaʻa lio. Ke loaʻa i ka lio ka ʻokiʻoki ʻia ʻo Large Colon Volvulus a i ʻole ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi Epiploic Foramen Entrapment, nalowale koke ka ʻōpū wili i kona kahe ʻana i ke koko venous a me ke aʻa: huki ʻia i kahi haukapila equine i loko o 2 a 4 mau hola, ʻoi aku ke ola ma mua o 80% a 90%, ʻoiai ke kali nei ** 8% a hiki i ka 12 mau hola ** Inā e kolo ana kou lio i kēia manawa, e kelepona koke i kāu kauā equine, e nīnau i kou wahi helu pilikia inā kiʻi ʻia a paʻi ʻia ka mea hoʻokele kanaka e ka lio kaʻa, a nānā i kā mākou alakaʻi alakaʻi ka pehu o ka holoholona, ​​ka rumen tympany, a me ka paipu opu, ʻo ka hale mauʻu ka puhi ʻana a me ka alfalfa pulu, a hemlock ʻawaʻawa, puaʻa puaʻa nui, a me nā nāhelehele ʻawaʻawa.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. E kelepona koke aku i kāu kauā equine i ka hōʻailona mua loa o ka colic, MAI "kali i hoʻokahi hola e ʻike inā hala" a MAI hāʻawi i nā lāʻau ʻeha (Banamine, Bute, a i ʻole Dipyrone) ma mua o ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ke kauka lapaʻau. E haʻi i ke kauka lapaʻau i ke ʻano pololei o ka lio a me ka 5 Barn Vitals (Heart Rate, Gum Color / Capillary Refill Time, 4-Quadrant Gut Sounds, Rectal Temperature, and Digital Pulses).
2. E wehe koke i ka mauʻu, ka palaoa, ka mash, a me nā moena e hiki ke ʻai ʻia (mau ʻuʻu/ʻū) mai ka hale kūʻai a i ʻole paddock, me ka waiho ʻana i ka wai maʻemaʻe inā ʻaʻole e hahau ikaika ka lio. ʻO ka kau ʻana i ka waha ʻai ma luna o ka lio i moe ʻia ma luna o ka mauʻu e pale ai lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i ka moena ma luna o ka hopena.
3. ʻAʻole e hele i kahi liʻiliʻi 3.6 x 3.6 meter (12 x 12 foot) pahu pahu me ka lio e hoolei ana ilalo a kaa ikaika. A 500-kg (1,100-lb) ʻO ka lio i ka ʻāʻī ʻana nui he makapō i ke alo o ke kanaka a hiki iā ia ke paʻi iā ʻoe i ka pā hale (causing fatal human pelvic/chest trauma). E hoʻoneʻe i ka lio i loko o kahi ** liʻiliʻi, wāwae palupalu, paʻa paʻa, peni poepoe, a i ʻole pā mauʻu** inā palekana ke alakaʻi, a e noho ma ka poʻohiwi o ka lio ma kahi ākea.
4. E hele mālie i ka lio no 15 a 20 minuke WALE nō inā e hoʻāʻo ana ka lio e kaʻa ikaika, ʻaʻole e hele i ka lio maluhiluhi a maluhiluhi. Inā makemake ka lio e moe mālie ma kona ʻōpū (sternal recumbency) me ka hahau ole a kiola ia ia iho i ka pa, e hoomaha malie ka lio. Kue i ka moolelo kahiko o ka halepapaa, o ka lio e kaa ana i ka lepo, *aole ia e wili ka opu; aka, ua wili mua ka opu (ai ole ia me ke kinoea), a o ka eha nui loa, ua olokaa ka lio.
5. ** ʻAʻole loa e hoʻokomo iā Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) i loko o ka ʻiʻo o ka lio (IM), a ʻAʻole squirt injectable Banamine i ka maka o ka lio (only give IV into the jugular vein or orally into the mouth if explicitly instructed by your vet).** Iloko o ke kino Banamine hoʻololi i ka ʻiʻo pH a e hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻiʻo necrotic e hoʻāla ai i ka dormant Clostridium septicum / Clostridium perfringens spores, e hoʻoulu ai i ka Clostridial Myonecrosis ("Malignant Edema / Gas Gangrene"), he pehu ʻāʻī nui, pohā, ʻawaʻawa e pepehi ana ma kahi o 1 i 3 mau lio.
6. E hoʻopaʻa i kāu huakaʻi lio (a i ʻole e kelepona i kahi mea hoʻokele equine pilikia) i kēia manawa ke kali nei i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ke kauka. 60 beats per minute (bpm), ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻāʻī, hāmau ke kani ʻana o ka ʻōpū ma nā ʻaoʻao 4 a pau, a i ʻole e hoʻi hou mai ka ʻeha nui i loko o 1 a i 2 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o nā holoholona holoholona, ​​ʻaneʻane loa e loaʻa i ka lio kahi ** ʻoki ʻoki (Volvulus a i ʻole Small Intestinal Entrapment)** a pono e hele koke aku ma ke ala e hele aku ai i ka halema'i opu.

lāʻau hoʻoholo: Barn Triage of Equine Colic: Medical Impaction/Gas vs. Surgical Strangulation (Volvulus) vs. Colitis¶

E hoʻohana i kēia palapala holo hoʻāʻo lāʻau holoholona e nānā i nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi 5 o kāu lio a e hoʻoholo inā e pili ana ʻoe i kahi maʻi colic, kahi ʻōpū wili ʻoki, a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi fever colitis.

flowchart TD
    A["ʻO ka Lio e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona o ka colic: Pawing, nānā i ka ʻaoʻao, ʻoʻo i ka lehelehe luna (Flehmen), moe pinepine i lalo, a i ʻole ka holo ʻino."] --> B{"Wehe koke i nā meaʻai a pau a nānā pono i ka 5 Barn Vitals me ka palekana (Ka Puuwai Puʻuwai, Gums/CRT, Rectal Temp, 4-Quadrant Gut Sounds, Digital Pulses)"}
    B -->|"RECTAL TEMP > 38.6 C (101.5 F): Ke kaumaha, hoʻopau i ka hānai ʻana, nā hōʻailona colic haʻahaʻa, ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, a ukali ʻia e ka pipi-pie a i ʻole ka maʻi wai."| C["INFECTIOUS / TOXIC ACUTE COLITIS (Potomac Horse Fever, Salmonella, Coronavirus, Clostridia, a i ʻole NSAID Right Dorsal Colitis)"]
    B -->|"KA ʻEHA LOA ʻAʻole: Kiola ʻana i ke kino i ka honua, ʻōpū ʻōpū, ka hou ʻana, Ka Paʻa o ka Puʻuwai > 60-80+ bpm, CRT > 2.5-3 sec, ʻulaʻula/ʻulaʻula, ʻōpū SILENT"| D["KA ʻAʻai ʻana i ka ʻokiʻoki (Large Colon Volvulus, Small Intestinal Epiploic/Inguinal Entrapment, or Intussusception)"]
    B -->|"ʻEʻEHA NUI-MAʻI: ʻO ka paʻi ʻana, ka hohola ʻana, ka moe mālie, ka pāpaʻi o ka naʻau 36-52 bpm, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula (CRT <2s), Temp Normal (<38.3 C)"| E["KA HOʻOPIʻI O KA MĀPĀ MĀPĀ (Spasmodic/Gas Colic, Pelvic Flexure Impaction, a i ʻole Sand/Enterolith Obstruction)"]
    C --> F["BIOSECURITY & FLUID EMERGENCY: 1. Hoʻokaʻawale koke i ka Lio (Footbath + Gloves) 2. Mai hāʻawi i nā NSAID ma mua o ka nānā ʻana o Vet i ka Hydration 3. ʻO nā wai hoʻopaʻapaʻa IV + Polymyxin B / Plasma + Ice Boots ma nā 4 Hooves āpau (E pale i ka Laminitis)"]
    D --> G["KA HOʻOPIʻI KĀWAI KĀWAI (I kēlā me kēia 30 mau minuke helu): 1. E mālama pono i ka mea lima ma kahi ākea 2. E hoʻouka koke i ka Trailer 3. Holo koke ʻo Vet i ka NG Tube e hoʻopau koke i ka ʻōpū (E pale i ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū) + IV Fluids -> ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana."]
    E --> H["Ho'āʻo Veterinarian On-Farm: 1. Nasogastric (NG) Tube (E nānā no > 2 L Reflux & Administer Water + Electrolytes + Laxative) 2. Rectal Palpation / Portable Ultrasound 3. Single Vet-Directed IV Analgesic/Antispasmodic (Buscopan / Xylazine IV) / Banamine IV"]
    H --> I{"Hoʻi hou ka ʻeha i loko o 1 a 2 mau hola o ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona, A i ʻole piʻi ka Puʻuwai Puʻuwai > 60 bpm, A i ʻole he > 4 Litera o NG Reflux?"}
    I -->|"ʻAe: ʻeha ʻeha, piʻi HR, a i ʻole NG reflux maikaʻi"| G
    I -->|"ʻAʻole: Noho mālie ka lio, hele i ka manure, hoʻi mai ke kani o ka ʻōpū"| J["E hoʻomau i ka hoʻokē ʻai ʻana i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Vet -> Hoʻoulu hou ʻana (Wet Mash -> Nā Lima Liʻiliʻi o ka Hay) Ma luna o nā hola 48-72"]

Mahele 1: Hoʻohālikelike Hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻano nui o 5 o ka Colic Lio¶

Ma kahi o 80% a hiki i ka 85% o nā hihia equine colic e hoʻoholo me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka mahiʻai, aʻo 15% a i ka 20% ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā mīkini, ka hopena, a i ʻole nā ​​​​wili ʻokiʻoki (volvulus) ka mea e koi ai i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai o ka haukapila a i ʻole ka celiotomy exploratory ulia pōpilikia (ka ʻoki colic).

Mahele 2: Luʻu Hohonu: Pehea e nānā ai i ka 5 Barn Vitals Ma mua o ke kāhea ʻana i kāu Veterinarian¶

Ke kāhea aku ʻoe i kāu kauka lapaʻau equine ma 2:00 AM no ka lio hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hāʻawi iā lākou i kēia ʻelima mau helu helu ma ke kelepona e haʻi koke iā lākou inā pono lākou e hālāwai me ʻoe ma ke ala nui e hele ana i ka haukapila ʻokiʻoki a i ʻole e hele mai i kāu hale paʻa no kahi hana hoʻoikaika kino. (E hoʻopaʻa mua i kou palekana pilikino: inā e hoʻolei ikaika ka lio iā ia iho i ka honua, mai hoʻāʻo e lawe i kahi mahana rectal a hoʻolohe paha i ka ʻaoʻao.)

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       THE 5 EQUINE COLIC BARN VITALS & SURGICAL RED-FLAG THRESHOLDS         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1. HEART RATE (Stethoscope Behind Left Elbow OR Facial Artery Under Jaw):  |
|     - Normal Adult Resting HR:     28 to 40 beats per minute (bpm)          |
|     - Mild / Medical Colic:        40 to 52 bpm                             |
|     - Moderate / Borderline:       52 to 60 bpm                             |
|     - SURGICAL RED FLAG:           > 60 bpm (and > 80 bpm = Severe Shock)   |
|                                                                             |
|  2. GUM COLOR (Mucous Membranes) & CAPILLARY REFILL TIME (CRT):             |
|     - Lift upper lip gently; press thumb against gum above upper corner     |
|       incisor for 2 seconds, release, and count seconds for pink to return. |
|     - Normal:   Moist, pale bubble-gum pink; CRT = 1 to 2 seconds.          |
|     - RED FLAG: Dry/tacky (dehydration), Pale/White (internal bleed/shock), |
|                 Brick-Red, Muddy, or Purple/Blue line around teeth          |
|                 ("Endotoxic Halo"); CRT > 2.5 to 4.0+ seconds.              |
|                                                                             |
|  3. FOUR-QUADRANT GUT SOUNDS (Auscultate Both Flanks, Upper & Lower):      |
|     - Listen for 30-60 seconds at: (1) Upper Left, (2) Lower Left,          |
|       (3) Upper Right (Cecum, should have a loud 'toilet-flush' sound      |
|       every 30-60 sec), and (4) Lower Right.                                |
|     - RED FLAG: Complete silence in all 4 quadrants ("Silent Abdomen" =     |
|                 ileus/strangulation) OR high-pitched metallic 'pings'.      |
|                                                                             |
|  4. RECTAL TEMPERATURE (Stand Safely Against Left Hip, Tail Held Aside):    |
|     - Normal Adult Temp:  37.2 C to 38.3 C (99.0 F to 101.0 F)              |
|     - RED FLAG HIGH:      > 38.6 C (101.5 F) -> Suspect Infectious Colitis  |
|                           (Salmonella/PHF), Peritonitis, or Pleuropneumonia |
|     - RED FLAG LOW:       < 36.6 C (98.0 F) with high HR -> Endotoxic Shock |
|                                                                             |
|  5. HOOF TEMPERATURE & DIGITAL PULSES (Back of Fetlock / Pastern):          |
|     - Palpate medial & lateral digital arteries over the sesamoid bones.    |
|     - RED FLAG: Bounding, throbbing digital pulses + hot hooves -> Acute    |
|                 Endotoxic Laminitis ("Founder") triggered by gut toxins.    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Pehea e ʻimi ai i ka naʻau o ka Lio me ka ʻole o ka Stethoscope¶

Inā ʻaʻohe stethoscope i loko o kāu pahu hana kōkua mua, e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā manamana lima ʻelua i ka Facial Artery kahi e ʻōwili ai ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka iwi āwae lalo (mandible), ma mua pono o ka ʻiʻo papalina poepoe nui (masseter). E helu i na kukuna no 15 kekona a e hoonui i ka 4 e loaa beats per minute (bpm).

Mahele 3: ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ka hele ʻana i kahi Lio ʻAi, Kaʻa ʻana, a me ke kumu Intramuscular Banamine Ua kapu¶

1. ʻO ka ʻauʻau ʻana ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī ʻāwili, a pehea ka nui o kāu hele ʻana me ka Lio Colicking?¶

ʻO kekahi o nā kānāwai kahiko loa a maopopo ʻole i ka holo lio, ʻo ia ʻo "Mai moe a ʻolokaʻa paha ka lio kolo, o wili ʻo ia i kona ʻōpū, e hele mau me ka mea ʻole." - He ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau: Ua hōʻoia nā kauka lapaʻau equine ma nā halemai aʻo kulanui ʻaʻole ʻo ** ʻo ka ʻōwili ʻana ʻaʻole e wili i kahi kolon maʻamau**; akā, ʻo ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻana o ke kinoea a i ʻole ka motility hoʻololi ʻia e wili mua i ke kolonā, a ʻo ka hopena o ka ʻeha mesenteric e koi ai ka lio e kiola iā ia iho i lalo a ʻōwili. - Ke kōkua ka hele wāwae (a i ka wā e ʻeha ai): - E hele mālie (15 to 20 minutes at a calm walk) inā: (a) he kinoea haʻahaʻa/impaction colic ka lio, kahi e hoʻoulu ai ka neʻe mālie i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (peristalsis) a kōkua i ka hele kinoea; A i ʻole (b) ke hoʻāʻo nei ka lio e hoʻolei iā ia iho i lalo a e hahau i loko o kahi hale kūʻai a i ʻole i nā pā, kahi e hoʻohuli ai ka hele ʻana i ka lio a pale i ka ** ʻeha iā ia iho (skull/orbital fractures, ruptured spleen, or casting itself upside-down against a wall). - ** MAI hele i ka lio a luhi: Ina ua hele ka lio no 20 a 30 minuke, ua luhi, a makemake wale e moe malie ma kona umauma (sternal recumbency) a i ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao me ka ʻole o ke kuʻi ʻana, HOʻoki i ka hele ʻana a waiho i ka lio e moe i lalo i kahi kahua paʻa, kahi moe hohonu a i ʻole ka pā mauʻu. ʻO ka hele ikaika ʻana o ka lio luhi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā hola e hoʻopau i ka glycogen, hoʻonui i ka dehydration a me ka lactic acidosis, a hoʻolalelale i ka haʻalulu endotoxic.

2. No ke aha ʻo Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine) ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻiʻo (IM)¶

Nui nā mea nona nā lio e mālama i kahi ʻōmole o ka injectable Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine, 50 mg/mL) i loko o ke keʻena paʻa a hoʻowalewale ʻia e hāʻawi a 10 mL pana i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo hope (IM) i ka wa a ka lio. Mai hana i kēia, no ʻelua kumu o ke ola a i ʻole ka make: 1. Fatal Clostridial Myonecrosis ("Gas Gangrene" / Malignant Edema): - Hoʻopaʻa maoli nā lio ola kino i nā ʻōpoʻo moe microscopic o anaerobic Clostridium septicum, Clostridium perfringens, a me Clostridium chauvoei i loko o ko lākou ʻiʻo iwi iwi (e komo ana mai loko mai o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​pores ʻili a moe ʻino ʻole ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻiʻo ʻiʻo e hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻia). - Hiki ke hoʻokomo Banamine (pH about 8.2 to 8.5 me ka propylene glycol a me ka phenol preservatives) e hoʻonāukiuki loa i nā ʻiʻo. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo gluteal, hoʻoulu ʻia ka ** focal ischemic muscle necrosis a hāʻule i ka oxygen kiko kūloko i ka zero . - I loko o 12 a i 48 hola, ʻōpuʻu nā spores Clostridium moe i loko o kēlā paʻi ʻiʻo make a hoʻokuʻu i nā alpha-a me beta-exotoxins make e hoʻoheheʻe ai i nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻāʻī o ka lio, e hoʻopiha ana i ka subcutis me nā ʻōpū kinoea pilau.crepitus), ke kumu o ka ma'i 'a'ai, a pepehi 'ana he 25% a hiki i ka 35%+ o nā lio i ho'opilikia 'ia me ka ho'opau 'ana i ke kaupa'a o ka 'ao'ao holo'oko'a o ka 'ā'ī. - Lānā Ala Paʻa: Inā kauoha pololei kāu kauka holoholona iā ʻoe ma ke kelepona e hoʻokele. Banamine (ma hope o kou hōʻike ʻana i nā mea koʻikoʻi 5), kūʻai paha i ka FDA-apono Banamine Paste, a i ʻole e huki i ka wai injectable Banamine i loko o ke kinikini ME OLE ka nila a e kumakaia ma ka waha ma ke kihi o ka waha o ka lio (absorbs into the bloodstream in 30 to 45 minutes, almost as fast as an IM shot, with ZERO risk of Clostridial gas gangrene or carotid artery injection). ʻO kahi kauka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ʻenehana loea i mākaukau i ka aseptic jugular venipuncture pono e lawelawe. IV Banamine (ka nalo ʻana i ke aʻa jugular a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka carotid artery ke kumu o ka hopu ʻana i ka grand-mal a me ka make koke). 2. Ka huna ʻana i ka Volvulus ʻokiʻoki: - Banamine he cyclooxygenase ikaika (COX) mea hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻeha visceral i hoʻopili ʻia e ka prostaglandin a hoʻopaʻa i ke kuni mua/tachycardia o ka endotoxemia. - Inā loaʻa i ka lio kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi ʻaʻai liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole colon volvulus, hāʻawi Banamine Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka mea lapaʻau, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu mālie i ka lio a ʻai no **2 a 4 mau hola ** aʻo ka loop strangulated o ka ʻōpū e loaʻa i ka ischemic necrosis hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona.

Mahele 4: He aha ka mea a ka Veterinarian e hana ai ma ka paena & pehea e ʻike ai i ka "Hoʻōla Mana Mana" (Gastric Rupture)¶

1. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka Colic Veterinary Workup¶

Ke hōʻea mai kāu kauka holoholona, e hoʻomākaukau i kahi bākeke wai mehana, kahi halter, a me nā kukui maikaʻi. 1. Nasogastric (NG) Intubation (Passing the Stomach Tube): He ** hoʻāʻo diagnostic** a me lāʻau hoʻōla ola. Hāʻawi ka mea lapaʻau i kahi paipu i ka puka ihu i loko o ka ʻōpū a hana i kahi siphon. - ʻO ka maʻamau, hāʻawi ka ʻōpū equine < 1 to 2 Liters o ka wai. - ina 4 to 15+ Liters ʻala ʻala, ʻalani-ʻeleʻele, alkaline (pH > 6) puka mai ka wai liʻiliʻi (Positive Nasogastric Reflux), ua ālai ʻia ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi (strangulation a i ʻole anterior enteritis), a ua hoʻopakele ke kauka lapaʻau i ka ʻōpū mai ka haki ʻana. - Inā loaʻa ka zero reflux, hoʻopaʻa ke kauka lapaʻau 4 to 8 Liters o ka wai mehana, nā electrolytes kaulike, a Magnesium Sulfate (Nā paʻakai Epsom, 0.5 to 1 g/kg) a i ʻole Mineral Oil (2 to 4 Liters) i loko o ka ʻōpū no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka hopena nui. 2. Ka Palpation Transrectal a me ka Ultrasound ʻĀpana Portable (FLASH Hoʻokolo): E ʻike ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka pelvic flexure, ka cecum i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kinoea, nā kaula mesenteric paʻa, a i ʻole nā puka lou o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi. > 5 cm (2 inches) me nā paia edematou mānoanoa (> 4 mm). 3. Abdominocentesis ("Belly Tap"): ʻO ka wai peritoneal maʻamau he maʻemaʻe-melemele (lactate < 2 mmol/L). Serosanguinous (ke koko a ʻeleʻele paha) ka wai peritoneal me ka lactate kiʻekiʻe (> 4 mmol/L) hōʻike ʻia ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū, e kauoha ana e ʻoki koke.

2. ʻO ka pahele pōʻino loa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau Equine: "Hoʻomaha ʻeha" ʻEha Mai ka ʻōpū a i ʻole Cecal Rupture.¶

Ina ua loaa ka lio i ka eha nui o ka colic no na hora me ka puuwai o 80 to 100 bpm a ** ʻaʻole koke, i loko o 5 mau minuke , hoʻōki i ka kaʻa ʻana, kū mālie me ke poʻo e kau haʻahaʻa, a ʻano "ʻoluʻolu": - Mai manaʻo ua ola ka colic iā ia iho. E nānā koke i ka ʻāʻī, ka pulse, a me ka ʻili. - Ina ku ka lio me ka oni ole, haalulu, pulu i ka hou anu, me ka puuwai o 100 to 120+ bpm, ʻulaʻula poni/ʻeleʻele, a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ke ana wela (< 36.5 C / 97.7 F), ua pohā ka ** ʻōpū a i ʻole ka cecum (perforated) loko o ka ʻōpū. - I ka wā e hāmama ai ka pā o ka ʻōpū, hoʻopau nā mea hoʻopaneʻe kikoʻī i ke kī ʻana (no laila e nalowale ka ʻeha ʻōwili), ʻoiai 15 Liters o ka ʻakika o ka ʻōpū a me ka hua bacteria e kahe ana i ka lua peritoneal, e hōʻeha ai i ka septic i loko o 1 a 3 hola.

(No nā pilikia pili holoholona a me ka mahiʻai, e nānā ʻO ka pehu o nā holoholona: ka ʻai legume frothy legume, ka rumen tympany, ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a me ka pilikia trocar., ʻO ka hale paʻa Hay ka hoʻopau wale ʻana a me ka alfalfa pulu, a ʻO ka hemlock ʻawaʻawa, ka hogweed nunui, a me nā nāhelehele ʻawaʻawa.)

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

Nīnau pinepine¶

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• ʻO ka pehu o nā holoholona: ka ʻai legume frothy legume, ka rumen tympany, ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, a me ka pilikia trocar.
• ʻO ka ʻūhū ʻana o ka hale paʻu hay, ka ʻalfalfa pulu pulu, a me nā paepae ʻimi ana wela
• ʻO ka hemlock ʻawaʻawa, ka puaʻa puaʻa nui, a me ka ʻāhiu parsnip nahele nāhelehele ʻawaʻawa
• ʻO ka maʻi manu manu ma hope o ka hale, ka uhaki ʻana o ka coop predator, a me ke kaumaha wela o nā holoholona
• Helu pilikia

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• ** ʻAhahui ʻAmelika o nā Kauka Equine (AAEP):** *Equine Colic: ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi o ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ka Nasogastric Decompression, a me ka hōʻike mua ʻana.
• ** ʻAhahui ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (BEVA), Hui Lio Pelekane (BHS), & University of Nottingham:** The REACT Now to Beat Colic Evidence-Based Triage Campaign.
• ** Ke Kulanui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) & ACVS:** Nā ʻŌlelo Kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka Large Colon Volvulus, Small Intestinal Strangulation, a me Clostridial Myonecrosis mai IM Flunixin Meglumine.
• Merck Veterinary Manual: Nānā o Colic i loko o nā Lio: ʻAha ʻAi ʻAi, ʻAi ʻana o ka Pelvic Flexure, a me Endotoxic Laminitis.