ʻO ka lua wai ma waho o ka pahu hau, ka laina pūnāwai gravity i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ea, a me ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka pahu i hāʻule.¶

No nā hale noho mamao, nā hale mauna, nā hale liʻiliʻi, a me nā kahua hoʻomoana ma waho, ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana o ka wai hoʻoilo he pilikia koke ia e hoʻōki ai i ka inu ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka hoʻoinu holoholona, a me ka hoʻomehana hydronic. 'A'ole like me ka nui o ka wai o ke aupuni i kaomi 'ia a hiki i 400 kilopascals (60 paona no ka 'īniha kuea), hilina'i nā 'ōnaehana wai ma waho o ka umekaumaha mai nā pūnāwai 'ao'ao o ka pu'u. (IBC). Ke paʻi ka mahana ma lalo o ka zero, hiki mai ʻekolu pōʻino kino ʻokoʻa i ka manawa hoʻokahi: hoʻopaʻa ka hau hau i ka puka hanu o luna o kahi lua waihona no laila e omo ka pamu i nā paia pahu i loko i loko o kahi pahū ʻana, hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka ea ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi 500-mika (1,640-kapuaʻi) gravity ʻoiai ke kahe ʻana o ka wai puna a i ʻole ka pahu hau a puni ka wai. yard hydrant riser.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lua wai hau a i ʻole ka paipu puna polyethylene i kanu ʻia me ka lama propane weed-burner hāmama e hoʻoheheʻe i ka pā palaka, e hoʻohaumia i ka lako wai inu me nā hydrocarbons aila, a i ʻole e hoʻāla i ke ahi i loko o ka hale paʻa paʻa. Inā loaʻa kekahi i ka hypothermia koʻikoʻi, ka ʻeha kaiapuni wai anuanu, a i ʻole ka make ʻana o ka carbon monoxide ma muli o ka holo ʻana i ka pauma wai ʻaila a i ʻole ka mīkini hana i loko o ka lua pūnāwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole ka hale, e kelepona i kāu helu pilikia kūloko (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ka European Union, 999 ma United Kingdom) a i ʻole e nīnau i kā mākou helu pilikia papa kuhikuhi. No nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻoilo, e ʻike ka lā, ka wai, a me nā ʻōpala i hāʻule, ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka lua ʻauʻau, ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka lua wai ua, a me ka wai hina, a paipu hau.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. E hoʻopaʻa koke i kāu pamu koi wai 12V/24V/120V inā lohe ʻoe i ka ʻumeke ʻana o ka pauma, inā hāʻule ke kaomi wai, a i ʻole ʻoe e lohe i ka pahū nui mai kāu luawai a i ʻole IBC tote. ʻO ka pop booming mai kahi polyethylene cistern a i ʻole IBC tote ʻo ia hoʻi, ua pani ʻia ka puka makani ma luna o ka pahu hau i loko o ka hale paʻa i loko o ka pahu hau ** e huki ana i ka wai hau** pahu, e omo ana i na paia plastik i ka hiolo ana.
2. Wehe i ka pāpale nānā 15-kenimika (6-ʻīniha) luna ma kāu IBC tote a i ʻole poly cistern ma ʻelua huli ʻana e wāwahi koke i ka momi. Ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai a i ʻole ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka pahu, e hoʻokuʻu i ka piko o ka lua i ke kaomi lewa a kikeke i kahi pahu hau mai ka pale maka maikaʻi i loko o ka paipu kuihi hanu.
3. Mai piʻi i loko o ka luawai, lua punawai, a i ʻole ka pahu pahu lalo e ʻoki ai i ka hau a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila pauma. ʻO nā pahu wai ma lalo o ka honua a me nā lua wai ʻole e hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pahele oxygen paʻa, a me ka holo ʻana i kahi mīkini ʻaila liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka mea hoʻomehana propane i loko o ka lua pūnāwai e hoʻopiha i ka lumi me ka carbon monoxide make i loko o 90 kekona.
4. Inā lohi ka laina punawai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka puʻu i ka umekaumaha a oki paha ke kahe ʻana ma hope o ka emi iki ʻana o ka pahu punawai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paʻa ka paipu, e ʻike i kahi Airlock Kiekie. Ua paʻa ka ʻea ea ma kahi piʻi i luna a i ʻole ka puʻu i loko o kahi paipu polyethylene gravity haʻahaʻa e like me ka pahu paʻa paʻa i hiki ʻole ke kaomi ʻana i ke poʻo umekaumaha.
5. **Inā pau ka kahe ʻana o ka wai mai kāu pahu puka punawai, e nānā inā he "Top Ice Cap" a me ka "Frozen Bottom Bulkhead Valve" ma mua o ka manaʻo ʻana ua paʻa ka pahu 1,000-lita. 90 pakeneka o ka manawa i loko o ka IBC tote, 800 lita o ka wai wai e noho ana ma lalo o ka 10-kenimika (4-inihi) ʻili hau ʻili a ʻo ka pahu pōpō palaki 50-milimeter (2-ʻīniha) i ʻike ʻia ma ke kihi lalo e paʻa paʻa.
6. Mai paʻi i ka pahu pahū PVC a polyethylene (PE/PEX) paʻa me ka hāmare a i ʻole wīwī. Ma lalo o -10 degere Celsius (14 degere Fahrenheit), Hōʻike 40 PVC a me ka polypropylene IBC maʻamau e like me ke aniani. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka leve pahu pahu paʻa maloʻo e hoʻopau i ke kumu a hoʻolei i nā lita wai āpau i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai.

lāʻau hoʻoholo: ʻike i ka pau ʻana o ka wai hoʻoilo ma waho¶

flowchart TD
    A["ʻAʻohe wai e kahe ana ma Off-Grid Cabin a i ʻole Homestead i ka hoʻoilo"] --> B{"ʻO wai ka ʻōnaehana wai āu e hoʻohana ai?"}
    B -->|"IBC Tote a i ʻole Poly Cistern + Demand Pump"| C{"Ke holo nei ka Pump, a i ʻole ke kani nui ʻana o ka Popping?"}
    C -->|"ʻAe: Ua omo nā paia pahu pahu i loko a i ʻole popping"| D["E HOOPAU KOKE IA: Ho'opu'i ka hanu hau hau"]
    D --> E["Wehe mālie i ka poʻi ma luna o 15 knm (6 in) e hoʻohālikelike i ke kaomi ea; wehe i ka pale pahu hau; pahū i waho me ka wai mahana"]
    C -->|"Holo maloʻo ka pamu / ʻAʻohe wai e waiho i lalo o ka pahu"| F["ʻO ka ʻūpā lalo i hōʻike ʻia a i ʻole ka laina Suction ua paʻa"]
    F --> G["E ʻōwili i ka pahu lalo i loko o nā kāwele wai wela (ʻAʻohe lama hāmama) A i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu i ka pauma submersible 12V ma lalo o ka poʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili hau."]
    B -->|"Laina Punawai ma ka aoao o Gravity-Fed Hillside"| H{"Ke piha maʻamau nei ka wai ma ka pahu puna piʻi?"}
    H -->|"ʻAe: Piha ka pahu puna, 0 kahe ma ke keʻena"| I{"Ua hāʻule paha ka pahu puna ma lalo o ke kānana intake, a i ʻole ua hoʻokahe ʻia ka laina?"}
    I -->|"ʻAe: Ua komo ka ea i ka paipu"| J["Kiekie-Point Airlock in Gravity Pipe: E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ea ma o ka hoʻihoʻi hope-pump, uphill walk-burp, a i ʻole kiʻekiʻe bleed tee"]
    I -->|"ʻAʻole: Paʻu ka sub-zero ma ka lua wai pāpaʻu a i ʻole ke kahawai"| K["Pākuʻi hau i loko o ka paipu Polyethylene: Hānai i 6 mm (1/4 in) paipu hydro-jetter me ka wai paʻakai wela mai ka hopena o lalo."]
    B -->|"Kanu ʻia i ka hau-Free Yard Hydrant"| L["ʻO ka Pipe Riser Frozen Above Weep Hole: E hoʻoheheʻe i ke poʻo luna + koʻokoʻo keleawe me nā lole wai wela; mai waiho i ka hose pili"]

Hōʻike 1: Hoʻopakele ʻana i kahi pahu IBC i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hau a i ʻole ka pahu wai polyethylene.¶

Inā mālama ʻoe i ka wai i loko o kahi pahu keʻokeʻo 1,000-lita (275-galani) IBC tote, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo kū pololei 1,500- a hiki i ka 10,000-lita kiʻekiʻe polyethylene (HDPE) luawai, a i ʻole kahi pahu kanu, ʻo ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ma muli o nā kānāwai thermodynamic hiki ke wānana.

1. Ka ʻike ʻana i kahi e maloʻo mua ai kahi tote IBC a i ʻole poly cistern¶

Ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o ka wai wai i kona ** mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe loa ma +4.0 degere Celsius (+39.2 degere Fahrenheit)**, lana ka wai anuanu ma 0°C (32°F) i ka ʻili luna a maloʻo i loko o ka ʻili hau hau a ʻo +4°C ka wai wai ma lalo. Eia naʻe, ʻehā mau wahi pilikia e maloʻo lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino nui o ka wai:

2. Pehea e unuhi ai i ka wai i ka wā e paʻa ai ka pahu IBC lalo (The "Top-Entry Submersible Bypass")¶

Inā he -20 degere Celsius (-4 degere Fahrenheit) ma waho a ʻo ka pahu puka puka 50-milimeter (2-inihi) ma lalo o kāu pahu IBC a paʻa paha, mai hoʻopau i nā hola e ninini ana i nā ipu wai wela ma luna o kahi pahu puka waho ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻomaha hou i 15 mau minuke ma hope. Paʻi i ka wai +4°C wai e noho ana ma lalo o ka ʻili hau ma luna o ka poʻi wili 15 kenimika (6-ʻīniha) luna:

1. Wehe i ka pōʻai waena 15 kenimika (6 ʻīniha) ma luna o ka pahu IBC a i ʻole ka lua wai.
2. E hoʻoheheʻe a ʻeli paha i puka 5 kenimika (2-ʻīniha) ma ka ʻili hau o luna: Mai ʻoki i ka ʻili hau luna me ka pahu ʻeli kila nui a i ʻole ke koʻi, no ka mea, hiki i ka pahu paheʻe ke kuʻi pololei i ka papaha polyethylene sub-zero o ka pahu. Akā, e hoʻonoho i ke kōpaʻa metala a i ʻole ipu keleawe liiki i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai paʻakai paʻakai ma luna o ka ʻāʻī hau (a i ʻole e hoʻohana i ka puʻu lima a me ka bit auger drill) e hana i kahi puka kū pololei maʻemaʻe i loko o ka wai wai ma lalo.
3. E hoʻokuʻu i ka 12V Submersible "Whale" Pump a i ʻole Siphon Hose ma ka lua o luna: E hoʻolei i kahi $20 12-volt submersible inline camper/bilge pump (a i ʻole ka puʻu wāwae hoʻomoʻu kaumaha o kāu pahu koi pauma) i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi 13-milimika (½-ʻīniha) hole hikiwawe i lalo o ka 1 mika ma lalo o ka hau. iniha) ma luna o ka papahele pahu. E hoʻokuʻu i 20 a 40 lita o ka wai i loko o nā jerrycans i loko i ka manawa, a e hoʻokiʻekiʻe koke i ka hose mai loko mai o ka pahu a hoʻokahe ʻole ʻia ma hope o kēlā me kēia kau.

3. Pehea e hoʻopuka ai i waho i kahi lua wai polyethylene i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole IBC tote me ka palekana¶

Inā paʻa ka makani o kou hanu a ua omo kāu pamu koi i nā paia a i ʻole ka poʻomanaʻo o kāu lua wai HDPE a i ʻole IBC i loko o kahi niho concave hohonu:

• Mai ho'āʻo e hoʻokuʻu i nā paia pahu i waho i ka wā e emi ana ka ʻilika ma lalo o ke anu: ʻOoleʻa ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka pohā ʻana me nā ʻeke ʻoi loa ke hoʻololi ʻia ma -15°C (5°F).
• E hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻūhā a nānā i nā māwae: E wehe piha i ka poʻi komo o luna a nānā i nā ʻāpana o loko ma kahi kokoke i nā poʻohiwi o luna a me nā poʻohiwi lalo i hoʻopili ʻia me ke kukui uila.
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka plastic creased a hoʻohana i ke kaumaha wai hydrostatic (NOT compressed air): Mai hoʻopaʻa i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea i kahi lua wai plastik i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole IBC tote e puhi hou i nā paia niho; Hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu polyethylene no 0 PSI kaomi ea, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i 35 a 70 kilopascals (5 a 10 PSI) o ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hiki ke puhi i ka dome luna me ka ikaika. E kali i ke awakea o ka lā (a i ʻole e ninini i ka wai mahana ma luna o nā ʻāpana o waho i pelu ʻia) a mehana ka polyethylene ma luna o +10°C (50°F), a laila hoʻopiha i ka pahu a hiki i ka 100 pākēneka me ka wai i ka wā e hāmama ana ka poʻi luna. ʻO ke kaumaha hydrostatic o waho e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā dents vacuum i loko.

Hōʻike 2: Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi Airlock Kiʻekiʻe mai kahi laina punawai 500 mika¶

ʻOhi nā pūnāwai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka puʻu e hānai i ka gravity i ka wai i loko o kahi pahu punawai piʻi a lawe i lalo i kahi i kanu ʻia a waiho ʻia paha i lalo 20-milimita a 32-milimeter (¾-ʻīniha a hiki i 1.25-ʻīniha) ʻeleʻele kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe polyethylene (HDPE) paipu ma luna o 100 a 1,000 mika (330 a 3000 mau mika) Ma hope koke iho, ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka pahu puna, ma hope o ka hāʻule pōkole ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka punawai ma lalo o ka kānana intake, a i ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hoʻohui ʻana, ʻoki ka wai i ka pahu, ʻoiai ua piha ka pahu puna i ka wai wai a ʻaʻole paʻa ka paipu. Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi Gravity Line High-Point Airlock.

1. Ka physics no ke aha i paʻa ai ka paipu umekaumaha 500 mika¶

flowchart TD
    A["Pahu Puuwai Piʻi, Kahe Zero ma Downhill Cabin"] --> B["No ke aha ia e hana ai: Hahai ka paipu i ka ʻāina undulating me nā Lae Kiʻekiʻe Kūloko (Humps)"]
    B --> C["Piʻi aʻe nā ʻōhū ea a hōʻiliʻili ma luna o kēlā me kēia puʻu i loko o ka paipu"]
    C --> D["ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻeke ea paʻa e hoʻoikaika i ka wai i lalo i ka wāwae piʻi e kaulike me ka wai i ka wāwae iho."]
    D --> E["Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻeke ea he nui i ka moʻo: Total Air Back-Pressure >= Gravity Head Drop"]
    E --> F{"E koho i ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka Airlock (ʻAʻole pono ka uila)"}
    F -->|"Hana 1: Hiki i ka ʻāina ke hāpai i ka paipu"| G["E hele wāwae mai ka Spring Box a i ka Cabin e hāpai ana i ka paipu lima ma luna o ka lima e alualu i ka ea"]
    F -->|"Ka Papa Hana 2: Ua kanu ʻia ka paipu a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia"| H["Back-Pressurize mai ka Downhill Cabin end me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 12V Pump a i ʻole Hand Bilge Pump e pana i ka ea i waho o ka pahu puna."]
    F -->|"Ka Papa Hana 3: Hoʻoponopono 'enekinia mau"| I["E ʻoki i ka paipu ma ka piko o ka puʻu waena a hoʻokomo i kahi Tee kūpono + vertical Bleed Valve"]

• Inā paha he 12 mika (40 kapuaʻi) ke kiʻekiʻe o kāu pahu punawai ma ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kou keʻena, e hāʻawi ana i ke kaomi ʻana o ke poʻo umekaumaha paʻa he 118 kilopascals (17 PSI) wale nō, a i ʻole 3 mika (10 kapuaʻi) o ke poʻo (4.3 PSI) ma nā kula haʻahaʻa.
• Ma muli o ka wehe ʻana o ka paipu polyethylene ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā lāʻau, nā pōhaku, nā kahawai, a me nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, aia i loko o nā kakini ** nā wahi kiʻekiʻe kūloko (nā puʻu i luna)** a ukali ʻia e nā luʻu i lalo.
• Ke komo ka ea i loko o ka pahu puna, ** hoʻoikaika ka buoyancy i ka ʻōhū ea e lana i luna** i ka wai e kahe ana i lalo, e paʻa ana ma ka piko o ka puʻu a hoʻoneʻe i ka wai i ka wāwae i lalo. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ** ʻehā mau puʻu kūʻokoʻa 1-mika (3.3-kapuaʻi)** ma kahi paipu 500-mika, a paʻa kēlā me kēia puʻu i kahi kolamu 1 mika o ka ea ma kona wāwae i lalo, e unuhi kēlā mau laka ea ʻehā ** 4 mika piha (13.1 kapuaʻi) o ke poʻo gravity**. I kēlā me kēia manawa e like a ʻoi aku paha ke kiʻekiʻe kū i luna o nā ʻeke ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hāʻule kiʻekiʻe mai ka pahu puna a i ka puʻu mua, ** hāʻule ka kahe i ka 0.0 lita i kēlā me kēia minuke**.

2. ʻEhā mau ʻanuʻu a me nā ʻanuʻu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka airlock punawai gravity¶

• MeʻAna 1: "Hele i ka Pipe" mai ka puna puna i lalo (no ka Surface-Laid Poly Pipe):
• E hele mua i ka Spring Box a e hōʻoia ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka kānana intake ma kahi o 15 kenimika (6 ʻīniha) ma lalo o ka ʻili wai no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka vortex ili ke omo i nā ʻōhū ea i loko o ka paipu.
• E wehe i ka pahu hoʻokuʻu ma lalo o ka puʻu 100 pakeneka ākea ākea.
• E hoʻomaka ana ma ka pahu puna, e hopu i ka paipu polyethylene a ** hāpai iā ia a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻohiwi**, e hele mālie ana i lalo i ka lima ma luna o ka lima. ʻO ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i kēlā me kēia luʻu e hoʻoikaika i nā ʻeke ea i paʻa ma mua o nā piko a hiki i ka wā e puka mai ai ka ʻea leo nui i ka hopena o lalo o ka hale.
• Meʻa 2: Downhill Reverse Back-Pam ("Pushing the Bubble Uphill"):
• Ma muli o ka lana ʻana o ka nalu maʻamau i nā ʻōhū ea piʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokuke ʻana i kahi laka ea ** i hope i luna mai ka pahu puna** ma mua o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana iā ia i lalo.
• Ma ka hope o ka hale, e hoʻohui i kahi 12-volt diaphragm pump (e hoʻohana ʻia e ka pilahi mea hana ʻole a i ʻole ka pila kaʻa) a i ʻole ka manual lever bilge pump e kiʻi ana mai kahi bākeke wai maʻemaʻe he 20-lita (5-galani) i ka hope o ka pahu puna. E puhi i ka wai i hope i uka no 10 a 15 mau minuke a hiki i ka puka ʻana o nā ʻeke ea i paʻa i waho o ka kānana komo i loko o ka pahu puna, a laila e wehe i ka pama a wehe i ka pahu pahu.
• Method 3: ʻO ka "Downhill Vacuum Siphon Pull" (Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hāʻule pali ma ka hope o ka Cabin):
• Inā ʻaneʻane palahalaha kāu laina punawai ma kahi pāpū no 300 mau mika (kahi e noho ai ka ea) a laila hāʻule i lalo i kahi puʻu no 100 mau mika hope loa i kou hale, e pani i ka pahu pahu lalo, wehe i ka paipu ma ka piko kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pali, e hoʻopiha i ka wāwae kiʻekiʻe i lalo he 100 pakeneka piha i ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pahu pahu, e hoʻopili hou i ka pahu. wehe**. ʻO ke kolamu wai ma ka wāwae haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe e huki a hiki i -70 kilopascals (-10 PSI) o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana ma hope ona, e kauo ana i ka ʻeke ea ma luna pono o nā puʻu pāpū.
• Ke Kaʻina 4: ʻOki ʻana i ka Puʻupuʻu o ka Hump (Ka "High-Point Bleed Tee" mau loa:
• Inā kanu ʻia kāu paipu a hele i kahi kuamoʻo waena kahi e paʻa ai ka ea i kēlā me kēia hoʻoilo, e hele i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa o kēlā puʻu, e ʻoki i ka paipu polyethylene, e hoʻokomo i kahi Plastic barbed Tee fitting me ʻelua mau puʻu paipu kila kila, a hoʻopaʻa i kahi kiwi pōkā keleawe i loko o kahi pahu valve insulated. ʻO ka hāmama ʻana o kēlā puʻu puʻu e hāmama ka ea i loko o 30 kekona a kahe ka wai paʻa.

Hōʻike 3: Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kahi paipu i kanu ʻia i ka hau a i ʻole wai wai pā hale hau ʻole me ka uila ʻole.¶

Inā hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pahu hau i loko o kahi laina punawai polyethylene i kanu ʻia (ma kahi e hele ai ka paipu i loko o kahi ʻauwai pāpaʻu pāpaʻu a maʻa paha i kahi moena kahawai i hōʻike ʻia) a i ʻole i loko o kahi ** hau-free yard hydrant riser**:

1. No ke aha e maloʻo ai ka wai hau ʻaʻohe hau (a pehea e hoʻoheheʻe ai i loko o 10 mau minuke)¶

ʻO kahi wai wai pā hale hau ʻole (e like me ka Simmons, Merrill, a i ʻole Woodford standpipe) aia kona pahu pani pani keleawe maoli i loaʻa 1 a 1.8 mika (3 a 6 kapuaʻi) ma lalo o ka lepo ma lalo o ka laina hau. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻoe i ka lever hao kiʻekiʻe i lalo OFF, pani ka plunger lalo i ke kumu wai a wehe i kahi puka uwe o lalo o ka honua, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka wai a pau e kū ana i loko o ka paipu galvanized riser kūpaʻa e kahe i loko o kahi moena ʻiliʻili ma lalo o ka lepo no laila e kū ʻole ka paipu riser.

Inā paʻa ka hau hau ʻole i ke kakahiaka, ua loaʻa kekahi o nā hewa ʻelua:

1. Hāhewa A: Ua haʻalele kekahi i ka hose kīhāpai (a i ʻole ka Y-splitter / nozzle) i wili ʻia ma luna o ka puna wai i ka pō.
2. No ke aha e maloʻo ai: Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka paipu i pani ʻia a i ʻole ka pahu hau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka puʻu, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ea ke komo i luna o ka hydrant ke pani ʻoe i ka ʻau. E like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kou manamana lima ma luna o kahi mauʻu inu, ** ʻo ka lewa e hoʻopaʻa i ke kolamu o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka piko o ka paipu ala**, kahi e maloʻo paʻa ai i ka pō.

3. Hāhewa B: Ua pani ʻia ka lua ʻiliʻili ma lalo o ka honua i ka wai hohonu.

4. Pehea e hoʻoheheʻe ai i kahi wai hau me ka palekana:

5. E wehe koke i nā paipu i hoʻopili ʻia.
6. E hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka ʻau i luna ma 1 kenimika: inā e neʻe iki ka ʻau a neʻe ke koʻokoʻo hana kila o loko, ʻaʻole ** paʻa ka pahu keleawe o lalo ma lalo - ʻo ka 30 kenimika wale nō (12 ʻīniha) o ka paipu kū i luna ma luna o ka honua he pahu hau.
7. Wāhi kāwele wai wela palekana: E wīwī i ke poʻo hao a me ka 45 kenimika (18 ʻīniha) o luna o ka paipu uʻi hao i ʻike ʻia i loko o ke kāwele ʻauʻau mānoanoa, e ninini mālie ʻelua mau ipu wai paila ʻelua ma luna o ke kāwele, a ʻōwili i ka ʻeke ʻōpala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a puni ke kāwele pulu me ka wela. i loko o ka pahu hau, a ʻo ke kaomi wai mai lalo e ʻōpuʻu i ka pahu hau i waho pono o ka puʻu.
8. • ʻŌlelo Lapaʻau Propane:* ʻOiai he nui nā poʻe kahu hānai e hoʻoluliluli pōkole i ka lama propane paʻa lima ma kahi ** kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia** ka paipu hoʻoheheʻe wai (ʻaʻole i palaki), ** ʻaʻole loa e hoʻomāhana i ke poʻo hao** (e hoʻoheheʻe i nā apo o loko o loko) a ** ʻaʻole e hoʻohana i ka lama ma kahi o ka mauʻu maloʻo, nā pou lāʻau, a i ʻole ka paipu plastik**.

2. ʻO ke ʻano "¼-Inch Hydro-Jetter Tube + Hot Salted Water" no nā paipu poli maloʻo maloʻo.¶

He aha inā inā paʻa ka paipu polyethylene ʻeleʻele 25-milimeter (1-ʻīniha) paʻa 6 mika (20 kapuaʻi) i loko o kahi ʻauwai hiki ʻole ke komo a i ʻole ka holo ʻana ma lalo o ka honua? ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomehana i waho o ka lepo, a ʻaʻole hiki ke ninini ʻia ka wai wela i ka ʻaoʻao ākea o ka paipu no ka mea e noho wale ana ka wai wela ma luna o ka wai anuanu i paʻa i mua o ka pahu hau.

Pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka wai paʻakai e paila ʻia ** e kū pono ana i ke alo o ka pahu hau** me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi paipu lahilahi i loko:

1. E kūʻai a hoʻopakele paha i 15 mika (50 kapuaʻi) wili o ka ʻoʻoleʻa 6-milimika (¼-ʻīniha) ka anawaena o waho polyethylene icemaker paipu (a i ʻole 8-milimeter / 5/16-ʻīniha akaka vinyl siphon tubing).
2. Wehe i ka paipu wai 25-milimeter (1-inihi) paʻa ma ka hui iho a i ʻole ka hale hoʻopili kokoke loa, a wili i ka paipu lahilahi 6-milimita i luna i loko o ka paipu nui a hiki i ka wā e pa ai i ka maka paʻa o ka pahu hau.
3. E hoʻoheheʻe i ka 250 grams (1 kīʻaha) o ka paʻakai papaʻaina (sodium chloride) i loko o kahi ipu 4-lita (1-galani) o wai hoʻolapalapa (hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hau wela ʻelua ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka wai wela maʻamau a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wahi hoʻomaha i -15°C).
4. E hoʻohana i ka $10 paʻi lima maʻemaʻe, ka paila pesticide (me ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ka wēlau), a i ʻole ka pauma hoʻololi 12V (a i ʻole kahi ʻohe i paʻa i 2 mika ke kiʻekiʻe) no ka paila ʻana i ka wai paʻakai wela ma o ka paipu lahilahi 6-milimeter.
5. Pehea e hana ai: Hoʻopuka ka brine wela i ka welau o ka paipu lahilahi 6-milimita ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pahu hau, hoʻoheheʻe i ka hau, a kahe ka ʻōpala hoʻoheheʻe anu ** i hope i waho o ka ʻāpana annular** ma waena o ka paipu 6-milimita a me ka paipu 25-milimita i loko o ka bākeke ma kou mau wāwae. Ke heheʻe ka hau, e hoʻokuke mau i ka paipu lahilahi 6-milimita i mua kenimika ma ke kenimika (he hehee ma kahi o 30 kenimika / 1 kapuaʻi i kēlā me kēia 2 minuke) a hiki i kou kuʻi ʻana i ka pahu hau a kahe ka wai puna.

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

Ke hoʻomaloʻo ka wai ma waho o ka pahu i ka pilikia o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai, ka pōʻino o ka wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o ka wai inu ʻona, e hoʻohana i kēia mau kahawai ʻāpana:

• ** ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada:**
• Palekana-Ola, Hoʻopakele ʻO nā Punawai Paʻa-Space, a i ʻole Hypothermia: Kāhea 911.
• Alakaʻi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi Wai a me nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai: E nīnau i ka U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) a me CDC Emergency Water Supply Guidelines, a e kelepona i kou kalana Office of Emergency Management (OEM) / dial 211 i ka wā hoʻoilo i haʻi ʻia i nā pōʻino no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai inu nui.
• Kōkua Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai a me ka Cistern: Hoʻokaʻaʻike i ka Rural Community Assistance Partnership (RCAP) a i ʻole ka Mokuʻāina ʻo Cooperative Extension Service.
• Aupuni Mōʻī Hui Pū ʻia:
• Pūkia: Kāhea 999. Inā hāʻule kāu lako wai (punawai, luawai, a luawai paha) i ka wā maloʻo nui a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka poʻe nāwaliwali, ʻelemakule, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea mālama ola kino, e kelepona i kāu Local Authority Environmental Health Department (ma lalo o ka Private Water Supplies Regulations 2016 a me Water Industry Act 1991 coordinated water mergencies supported water mergers omole.
• Uni ʻEulopa:
• Pūkia: Kāhea 112. Hāʻawi nā ʻāpana hoʻomalu kīwila kūloko (Protection Civile / Technisches Hilfswerk - THW / Protección Civil) i nā pahu wai inu ʻona i ka wā o nā hanana manuahi sub-zero koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā kamaʻāina kaʻawale.
• Australia a me Aotearoa:
• Pūkia: Kāhea 000 ma Australia a i ʻole 111 ma Aotearoa. E kūkākūkā i ka Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (NHMRC) a me Health New Zealand (Te Whatu Ora) Drinking Water Standards no ka pahu wai ua a me ka palekana o ka punawai.
• India a me Asia-Pākīpika:
• Pūkia: Kāhea 112 ma Inia no ka hoopakele pilikia; e hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i nā mana hoʻokele pōʻino o ka ʻāpana kūloko (DDMA) a i ʻole Jal Jeevan Mission i nā ʻenekini wai kuaʻāina no ke kākoʻo hoʻomaha hoʻoilo hoʻoilo alpine/Himalayan.

ʻO ka papa inoa hoʻopaʻa hoʻoilo no nā lua wai waho a me nā laina puna¶

Ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka sub-zero anu hou, e hoʻokō i kēia mau pale mechanical ʻelima:

• 1. E hoʻololi i ka pale pukaaniani maikaʻi ma nā puka makani ʻo Cistern Breather me ka lole Lako Paʻa 6-mm (¼-ʻīniha) no ka hoʻoilo: ʻAʻole lele nā ​​makika ma -15°C (5°F), a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻupena 6-milimeter me ka hau hau a pahū i kāu pahu.
• 2. E hoʻouka i kahi "Bleed Bypass" mau 2-Liter-Per-Minute ma nā Laina Punawai Gravity: Hoʻokahe mālie ka wai kahe i ka wela a pale i ka maloʻo a hiki i -25°C (-13°F), aʻo ka wai kū i loko o kahi paipu pāpaʻu e maloʻo i ka pō. E kiʻi i ka 2-liter-per-minute (0.5 GPM) bypass trickle valve ma ke keʻena e holo mau ana i loko o kahi auwai ʻiliʻili (a i ʻole e kahe ana i kou lua wai) i ka hoʻoilo a pau no laila ʻaʻole pau ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka paipu puna 500 mika.
• 3. "Ice Pillows" Kaulana i loko o nā pahu IBC ma luna o ka honua: Nakinaki i ʻelua mau hue waiu HDPE i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 4-lita (1-galani) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 50 pakeneka piha me ke one a i ʻole ka wai paʻakai no laila e lana ana lākou i ka hapalua o ka wai i waenakonu o kāu pahu IBC; i ka wa e puka mai ai ka hau, e hakihaki ia i ka huewai hikiwawe i piha i ka ea ma kahi o ka wawahi ana i na paia pahu.
• 4. E kūkulu i kahi "Pahu hale ʻīlio" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a puni ka ʻūhā IBC lalo me kahi 5W 12V Warming Pad: Hoʻopili i ka puʻu IBC 50-milimita lalo i loko o 5-kenimika (2-ʻīniha) paʻa paʻa XPS i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no laila e mālama ka nui wela o ka 1,000 lita i loko o ka wai ma luna o +4°C.
• **5. E mālama mau i 40 Litera (10 Galani) o ka wai inu pilikia ma loko o 20-lita Jerrycans i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka 85% wale nō ka nui: ** ʻOiai e maloʻo kou hale i loko i kou hele ʻana, ʻo ka polyethylene jerrycan mānoanoa i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka 85 pākēneka ua lawa ke poʻo o ka ea e maloʻo paʻa me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana i kona mau kaʻa.

Nīnau pinepine¶

No ke aha i hū koke ai kaʻu lua wai plastik a i ʻole IBC i ke ana a pahū i ka wā hau?¶

Ke piʻi aʻe ka ea maʻemaʻe ma loko o ka pahu wai i loko o kahi paipu hanu sub-zero luna i uhi ʻia me ka pale inike maikaʻi, maloʻo ka condensation ma ka ʻupena a hoʻopaʻa i ka pahu i ka ea. I ka manawa e ho'ā ai kāu paila wai a huki i ka wai mai ka lalo o ka pahu i ho'opa'a 'ia, hana ia i kahi māma o loko, e 'ae ana i ke kaomi o ka lewa o waho (101 kilopascals a i 'ole 14.7 paona no ka iniha kuea) e wawahi i na paia polyethylene i loko. E pani koke i ka pauma a e wehe i ka pāpale nānā 15 kenimika (6 iniha) luna e hoʻohālikelike i ke kaomi ma mua o ka wehe ʻana i ka pale hau.

Pehea e hiki ʻole ai i kaʻu paipu puna i hānai ʻia me ka ʻumekaumaha ke kahe wai ʻole ke piha ka pahu puna a ʻaʻole paʻa ka paipu?¶

I loko o kahi laina wai ʻumekaumaha haʻahaʻa e hahai ana i ka ʻāina like ʻole, ʻohi ʻia nā ʻōhū ea e komo i ka punawai a i ʻole i waho o ka hopena ma nā piko o nā puʻu i luna ma ka paipu. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻeke ea paʻa e hoʻoneʻe i ka wai ma ka wāwae iho o ka hump a hana i ka hydrostatic back-pressure; i ka wā e like ai ke kiʻekiʻe kūpaʻa hui o nā ʻeke ea he nui i kou hāʻule kiʻekiʻe ʻana mai ka pahu puna, e pau loa ke kahe ʻana o ka wai. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka laka ea ma ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka paipu mai ka pahu puna i lalo, e kaomi i ka wai i hope mai ka ʻaoʻao o ke keʻena e hoʻokuke i ka ea i waho o ka pahu puna, a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i kahi tee koko ma ka puʻu kiʻekiʻe.

Pehea e loaʻa ai iaʻu ka wai mai loko mai o kahi pahu IBC i ka wā e paʻa ai ka pahu plastik lalo?¶

Mai paʻi a hoʻoikaika paha i ka pepeke IBC plastik paʻakiki a i ʻole ka pahu pōpō, no ka mea, paʻi maʻalahi ka polypropylene anuanu a hoʻolei i kāu lako wai holoʻokoʻa ke hoʻoheheʻe. Akā, e wehe i ka pāpale 15 kenimika (6 iniha) ma luna o ka pahu, hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻoheheʻe paha i 5 kenimika (2-ʻīniha) puka ma ka ʻili hau ma luna me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi metala i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai paila, a hoʻokuʻu i 12-volt submersible camper pump a i ʻole siphon hose pololei i lalo i ka wai +4 degere Celsius be.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka paipu wai polyethylene ma lalo o ka honua inā ʻaʻohe uila no ka lipine wela?¶

Hoʻokaʻawale i ka paipu hau hau ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i lalo kokoke loa a hānai i kahi paipu hau polyethylene icemaker ʻoʻoleʻa 6-milimika (1/4-inihi) i loko o ka paipu nui a hoʻopā i ka maka o ka pahu hau. E hoʻohana i ka paila kīhāpai lima (me ka wehe ʻia ʻana o ke kihi o ka nozzle), ka paila hoʻoheheʻe lima, a i ʻole ka pamu hoʻololi 12-volt no ka paila ʻana i ka wai paʻakai ma o ka paipu lahilahi e kū pono ana i ka hau; hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai hoʻoheheʻe wela i hope i ka ʻāwae ma waena o nā paipu ʻelua.

No ke aha i maloʻo ai kaʻu hydrant pā hale hau ʻole i ka pō ke kanu ʻia ka valve 1.5 mika (5 kapuaʻi) ma lalo o ka lepo?¶

Hoʻokahe wale ka wai wai pā hale hau ʻole i kona paipu kū i luna me ka ʻole ke komo ka ea i ka pūwaha ma luna aʻo ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka wai i ka lua uē ma lalo. Inā waiho ʻoe i kahi paipu kīhāpai i hoʻopili ʻia i ka puʻu i ka pō, paʻa ka ʻōpala i ke kolamu o ka wai i paʻa ma luna o ka paipu kila i ʻike ʻia, kahi e maloʻo paʻa ai. Wehe koke i ka hose a wili i ka 45 kenimika (18 iniha) luna o ke poʻo wai a me ka paipu ala i loko o nā kāwele i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka wai paila i loko o kahi ʻeke plastik no 8 mau minuke e hoʻoheheʻe i ka pahu hau luna.

Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻohana i ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā niho i waho o ka pahu wai polyethylene?¶

ʻAʻole, mai hoʻopili i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe ea i kahi puna wai polyethylene i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole IBC tote e puhi i nā niho i loko. ʻO nā pahu hoʻopaʻa wai paʻa he mau moku kaomi ʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke kaumaha wai hydrostatic wale nō; ke kaomi ʻana i kahi lua wai nui me ka 35 a 70 kilopascals (5 a 10 PSI) o nā hale kūʻai ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ikehu pneumatic pōʻino e hiki ke wāwahi i ka dome pahu pahu. Akā, wehe i ka poʻi luna, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka plastic creased ma luna o 10 degere Celsius (50 degere Fahrenheit), a hoʻopiha piha i ka pahu me ka wai no laila e hoʻihoʻi ke kaumaha hydrostatic waho i nā paia i ke ʻano.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• ʻO ka hala ʻole o ka lā, ka wai, a me nā ʻōpala
• ʻO ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i ka lua ʻauʻau, hoʻohaumia i ka lua wai ua, a me ka wai hina
• ʻO nā paipu hau a me ka pale ʻana i ka pohā hoʻoilo
• Pau ʻole ka ʻōnaehana solar: puhi ʻia ka papa-T fuse, hoʻoponopono hoʻopiʻi palai, a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka pākaukau

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Rural Community Assistance Partnership (RCAP): Small Drinking Water Systems Handbook: Operation and Cold-Climate Maintenance of Cisterns, Spring Boxs, and Gravity Transmission Mains.
• ʻO ka World Health Organization (WHO) a me ka Wai, ʻEnekinia a me ka Hoʻomohala Center (WEDC): Nā memo ʻenehana no ka wai inu, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā pilikia pilikia: Gravity-Fed Piped Water Networks and Air-Lock Prevention.
• Nā Kikowaena no ka Hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi (CDC): *Wai Ola - Nā ʻAi Wai o ka Hale a me ka Palekana Hoʻolako Wai Kūʻai Kūʻokoʻa.
• Ke Keʻena ʻOihana Mahiʻai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USDA) ʻOihana Hoʻomalu Waiwai Kūlohelohe (NRCS): National Engineering Handbook Part 636: Spring Development and Pipeline Hydraulic Design (Air Entrapment and Venting Criteria).