Wailele ʻo Tree Stand, Backcountry Penetrating Trauma, a me ka haʻalele mamao¶

Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa, ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kumu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ke kumu nui o nā hale hoʻokipa e pili ana i ka hopu holoholona a me nā make, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pū ahi a me nā pana pana i hui pū ʻia. ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana 4.5 a i 7.5 mika (15 a 25 kapuaʻi) mai kahi kū piʻi, paepae kau, a i ʻole kū alapiʻi ke kumu o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kūʻokoʻa kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻeha o ka iwi kuamoʻo, ka ʻāʻī ʻāʻī, pelvis, a me ka calcanei, ʻoiai e kau ana me ka neʻe ʻole i loko o ke kāʻei palekana holoʻokoʻa me ke kaula hoʻomaha ʻole ** 30 minuke**.

Eia kekahi, i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka pū a i ʻole ke kī ʻia ʻana o ka pua ākea ākea i nā kilomita mai ke alanui paʻa kokoke loa, pili ke ola ma ke kōkua koke a i ʻole kōkua hoa i ka mua 3 a 10 mau minuke. Hōʻike kēia alakaʻi i nā kaʻina hoʻopakele pololei no ka trauma hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ka MARCH tactical backcountry trauma algorithm (tourniquets, junctional injury packing, vented chest seals, a broadhead arrow stabilization), GPS coordinate extraction, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pae ʻāina helicopter (LZ).

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. E hōʻoia i ka palekana o ke kahua a hoʻokuʻu mua i nā pū ahi a i ʻole nā ​​kakaka a pau: Ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka mea hahai holoholona ʻeha a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana i lalo e kōkua, e hana i ka palekana, e kuhikuhi i ka waha i kahi ala palekana, ** wehe loa i ke keʻena a me ka makasina o kēlā me kēia pū ahi a wehe paha i nā kakaka ma ke kahua** a kau i nā mea kaua āpau a me nā kī ākea ākea ma kahi o **3 mau mika ka mamao (10 kapuaʻi ka mamao)
2. Inā e kau ana i loko o ke kāʻei kū kumu lāʻau, e kau koke i kāu puka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha: Huki i ke ** kaula hoʻomaha hoʻomaha (foot loop)** mai kāu ʻeke hoʻopaʻa, paʻi a hoʻopaʻa paha i ke kuli, e komo i loko o ka loop, a kū i luna a i ʻole e puhi i kou ʻiʻo bipi a me kou ʻūhā i kēlā me kēia 5 a 10 kekona e hoʻihoʻi i ke koko venous i loko o kou puʻuwai, a i ʻole i lalo. e puhi i kāu puʻupuʻu hoʻopakele a kāhea aku i kōkua.
3. Hoʻopau i ke kahe koko nui i loko o 60 kekona (M i MARCH):
4. ** ʻEha pū a i ʻole ʻeha poʻo ākea ('ūhā, bipi, lima)**: E noi i CoTCCC windlass tourniquet (CAT a i ʻole SOFTT-W) 5 a 8 kenimika (2 a 3 ʻīniha) ma luna o ka ʻeha (a i ʻole "kiʻekiʻe a paʻa" ma luna o nā lole hahai holoholona inā hūnā ʻia ka wahi ʻeha), e kaomi i ka makani makani a hiki i ka ʻulaʻula a pau ke koko; ike ke koko nui a me ka tourniquets.
5. Eha ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī (junctional): E hoʻopaʻa koke i ka lua ʻeha me ka z-fold hemostatic gauze** (a i ʻole ka lole pulupulu maʻemaʻe) i hoʻokuʻu pololei ʻia i lalo i ke aʻa koko me kou mau manamana lima, a laila e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ke kaomi pololei ma nā lima ʻelua no 3 a 10 mau minuke.
6. Hoʻopaʻa i nā pua a i ʻole nā ​​lālā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi: Mai wehe i ka pua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka pahu, a i ʻole ka lālā lāʻau. Inā lōʻihi loa ka ʻōpuʻu pua mai ka ʻūhā, ka lima, a i ʻole ka umauma e haʻalele me ka palekana me ka ʻole o ka paʻi ʻana i ka pulupulu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahi pahi i loko o ke kino, e hoʻopaʻa pono i ka lāʻau me nā lima ʻelua a hoʻohana i nā mea ʻoki uea kaumaha a i ʻole ka ʻike mea hana lehulehu e **pōkole i ke kumu kalapona/aluminika 10 a 15 mau kenimika ma waho o ke poʻo (4 a hiki i ke poʻo ʻole) nā ʻūhā nui a i ʻole nā ​​pūkuʻu i ʻōwili ʻia a puni ke kumu. E nana ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea haole.
7. Hoʻopaʻa koke i nā ʻeha o ka umauma hāmama (A a me R i MARCH): Inā hāʻule ka pū, ka pua, a i ʻole ka iwi ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o kahi kū kumu lāʻau i hōʻeha ʻia i ka ʻeha o ka umauma (a i ʻole he **ʻeha komo a puka ʻana ma ka ʻōpū), holoi i ke koko a kau i kahi seal pahu puka (a i ʻole he 3-ʻaoʻao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka plastic square) ma luna o **ke komo a me ka puka waho i ka ʻeha o ka puka. E nana ka pneumothorax a me ka omo umauma eha kokua mua.
8. Paʻa i ka iwi kuamoʻo, pale i ka hypothermia, a hoʻouna i nā kikoʻī GPS ponoʻī: E mālama i nā mea hahai holoholona i hāʻule mai kahi kumu lāʻau e kū paʻa a paʻa ma luna o kahi pā huʻihuʻi i uhi ʻia i nā ʻaʻahu maloʻo a me kahi pākeʻe mylar. Kāhea i kāu helu ulia pōpilikia kūloko (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ka Hui ʻEulopa, 999 ma United Kingdom; e ʻike i nā mea āpau. helu pilikia) a i ʻole e hoʻāla i kāu beacon SOS ukali, a heluhelu i kāu kaulike GPS decimal-degree ponoʻī mai kāu kelepona kelepona/app mapping (OnX Hunt, Garmin, Apple/Google Maps) e hoʻouna.

Kumu Hunting & Backcountry Trauma Decision Tree¶

flowchart TD
    Incident["Huli Huli Kūʻai Kūʻē"] --> Type{"E ʻike i ke ʻano kumu o ka ʻeha"}

    Type -->|"1. Hāʻule ka Lāʻau Kū: Kau ʻia i loko o ke kāʻei"| Susp["KAHIKI HANA HOʻOLAʻA KAHIKO<br/>1. E puhi i ka whistle / E ho'āla iā SOS / E kāhea koke iā 911<br/>2. Wehe i ke kaula hoʻomaha hoʻomaha a komo i loko o ka loop loop<br/>3. E hoʻopaʻa i nā wāwae me ke kani ʻana i ke kumu lāʻau i kēlā me kēia 10 sec<br/>4. E piʻi i hope i nā ʻanuʻu/platform a i ʻole e hoʻohana i ka iho hoʻomalu"]

    Type -->|"2. Hāʻule ka Lāʻau Kū: Paʻi i ka Honua"| FallGround["HIGH-ENERGY BLUNT TRAUMA & SPINAL PROTOCOL<br/>E noʻonoʻo i ka paʻa ʻole o ka cervical/lumbar spine & pelvic fracture<br/>E mālama pono i ka hoʻomanawanui ma luna o ka papa insulated<br/>E uhi paʻa i ka ʻaʻahu a puni nā trochanters nui aʻe."]

    Type -->|"3. ʻEha Pu Pōhaku (GSW)"| GSW["MAKIAKA KUMU TRAUMA KULA<br/>1. Wehe koke i nā pū a pau ma ke kahua <br/>2. M: Windlass Tourniquet ma nā lālā; Hoʻopili i nā ʻeha ʻāʻī/ ʻāʻī<br/>3. A/R: E nānā i ka FRONT a me BACK no ke komo ʻana + i nā ʻeha puka;<br/>e hoʻopili i nā sila pahu puka i nā puka āpau ma waena o ka ʻāʻī a me ka piko<br/>4. C/H: E mālama i ka haʻalulu a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pā hypothermia"]

    Type -->|"4. ʻO ka pua ākea / Crossbow Bolt Impalement"| Arrow["BROADHEAD IMPALEMENT PROTOCOL<br/>ʻAʻole e huki i ka pua i hope a i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu iā ia<br/>E hōʻike i ka ʻeha ma ke ʻoki ʻana i nā lole a puni ka lāʻau."]

    Susp --> Evac["EVACUATION REMOTE & HELICOPTER LZ COORDINATION<br/>E hoʻouna i ka GPS Decimal-Degree (e laʻa, 44.12345, -110.12345) <br/> E hōʻailona i ka huli ʻana o ke ala me nā ʻaʻahu alani-alani / lipine <br/> E hoʻomākaukau i 30 m x 00ft m (10000ft m (10 m x 000ft) Pae ʻĀina"]
    FallGround --> Evac
    GSW --> Evac
    Arrow --> Evac

Mechanism Comparison Matrix: Tree Stand Falls vs. Ballistic vs. Broadhead Trauma¶

Ola i kahi hāʻule ʻana o ka lāʻau: Harness Suspension Trauma & Ground Impact¶

1. Ka Physiology o Harness Suspension Trauma (Orthostatic Intolerance)¶

Pono nā kūlana hahai holoholona o kēia wā e komo i kahi Full-Body Fall Arrest System (FAS / TMA-certified harness) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lāʻau mai ka manawa i haʻalele ai kou mau wāwae i ka honua ma o ke kāʻei o ke kanaka laina a i ʻole ke kaula ola palekana. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hopu ʻana i kou hāʻule i loko o ke kāʻei he hapalua wale nō ia o ke kaua: - No ke aha i hāʻule ʻole ai ka "Venous Muscle Pump" ma waena o ka lewa: ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ke kū ʻoe ma ka honua, ʻo ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana o kou ʻiʻo bipi a me kou ʻūhā e kaomi i nā aʻa hohonu a hoʻokuʻu i ke koko deoxygenated i luna ma o nā pahu hoʻokahi ala e hoʻi i kou atrium ʻākau. Ke kau ʻia ʻoe ma waena o ka lewa ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kū kumu lāʻau, huki ka ʻumekaumaha i ke koko i loko o kou mau wāwae a ʻo ke kaula paʻa o ka ** mau wāwae harness e hoʻopaʻa i nā vemoral femoral i loko o kou ʻāʻī ** e ālai ana i ka hoʻi ʻana o ka venous i ka puʻuwai. - Ka helu ʻana he 15 mau minuke: I loko o 5 a 15 mau minuke o ke kau ʻana me ka neʻe ʻole, a hiki i ka 60 pākēneka o ka nui o ke koko kaʻapuni e paʻa ʻia i loko o kou mau ʻāpana haʻahaʻa. Piʻi ka manaʻo o ka naʻau, hāʻule ke koko, a hoʻoulu ka lolo i ka vasovagal reflex (ka Bezold-Jarisch reflex) e hoʻolohi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka naʻau, e hoʻopau koke i ka ʻike. Ke ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o ke kāʻei kuʻekuʻe, hāʻule ke poʻo o ka mea hahai holoholona i mua (e hoʻololi ana i ke ala ea) a ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka maʻi hypoxic maʻi ma hope o 15 a 30 mau minuke.

2. Hoʻopakele iā ʻoe iho i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i ka wā e kau ana i loko o kahi lāʻau kū lāʻau¶

Pono kēlā me kēia mea hahai holoholona e lawe i ʻekolu mau mea i loko o ka pahu waho a i ʻole ʻeke ʻaoʻao i hiki ke komo ** ʻoiai e kau ana ma lalo o ka haʻalulu** (ʻaʻole loa i loko o ka ʻeke pants zipped i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o ke kāʻei wāwae paʻa): kahi Suspension Relief Strap a heavy-duty folding knife or strap cutter and a **pealess whistle/be phone phone ** 1. E hoʻopaʻa a me ka Pum koke: I ka wā e pau ai kou hāʻule ʻana, e hoʻolei i kou mau kāmaʻa i ke kumu lāʻau a hoʻoheheʻe i kou mau ʻiʻo wāwae me ka leo kani i hiki ʻole ai ke koko. 2. Hoʻomoe i ke kaula hoʻomaha: Huki i ke kaula hoʻomaha mai kou puʻu lima, e hoʻopili iā ia i ke kaula hoʻopaʻa ma ka ʻili o ka pūhaka, e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻūhā wāwae i kau iki ma luna o kou mau kuʻekuʻe wāwae, e hoʻopaʻa i nā kāmaʻa ʻelua i ka stirrup, a kū pololei i ka loop. ʻO ke kū ʻana ma ka loop loop e hoʻoneʻe i ke kaumaha o kou kino mai kou mau kaula ʻāʻī ma nā kapuaʻi o kou mau wāwae, e hoʻihoʻi i ka 100 pākēneka o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko venous femoral, a hoʻokō i nā pamu ʻiʻo o kou wāwae, e kūʻai ana iā ʻoe mau hola ** o ka manawa ola palekana. 3. **Improvisedelief Loop (If You Lost Your Relief Strap): Inā ʻaʻohe ou kaula hoʻomaha, e lawe i kāu **kāʻei piʻi, ke kaa kauo dia, a i ʻole ke kaula kaula binocular nakinaki a hoʻopaʻa paha iā ia auni ke kumu lāʻau a i ʻole i loko o kāu kaula hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kuli, a hehi i hoʻokahi kapuaʻi i loko o ke kaulahao e lawe i ke kaomi. 4. E hoʻihoʻi i ke Kū a i ʻole E iho**: ʻOiai eū ana i ka loop loop, puliki i ke kumu lāʻau e wehe i ke kaumaha o kou kaula hope, e hoʻoheheʻe i ke kaula kaula lāʻau i lalo i 30 kenimika (12 ʻīniha) i ka manawa a ʻīniha i lalo i kahi lāʻau piʻi a i ʻole e hoʻi hou i luna o ka paepae. 5. Poitioning Post-Rescue After Long Suspension**: I kaanawa e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ai ka mea hahai holoholona i ke kaula hao no nā minuke he 15 a ʻoi aku i ka honua: - Inā ʻike ʻole a i ʻole ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka naʻau: E hoʻomoe koke iā lākou i palalaha, wehe i ke alaloa, a hoʻomaka. CPR. - Inā noʻonoʻo a makaʻala: ʻO Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) a me nā alakaʻi hoʻopakele ʻoihana e aʻo i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mea maʻi noʻonoʻo me ka akahele, e nānā pono i ko lākou ala ea a me nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, e wehe koke i nā kaula kaula a pau, a me ka mālama ʻana iā lākou me ka mahana i ka wā e haʻalele ai i kahi keʻena pilikia e nānā no ** rhabdomyolysis e like me ka crush-like rhabdomyolysis a me ka hyperkalemia a me ka potasiuma i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.

ʻO ka Algorithm Backcountry MARCH no ka Gunshot a me Broadhead Trauma¶

Ke hōʻeha ʻia ka mea hahai holoholona ma ka lāʻau mamao e ka pū pana pana, pū pana, muzzleloader, a i ʻole kakaka hui pū ʻia, e hahai i ke kaʻina hana MARCH (Massive hemorrhage, Airway, Respiration, Circulation, Hypothermia/Head):

1. M, Nui Hemorrhage (Mua 60 Kekona)¶

• Tourniquet Placement for Extremity Wounds: Mai hoʻonele i nā kekona makamae e ʻoki ana i ʻekolu papa o nā pahu hopu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i ke kahe ʻana o ke aʻa femoral inā e kahe ana ke koko i ka wāwae ʻeke. E kau i kahi CoTCCC windlass tourniquet (CAT a i ʻole SOFTT-W) "kiʻekiʻe a paʻa" ma ka piko o ka ʻūhā a i ʻole ka lima luna ma luna o nā lole maʻemaʻe (e hoʻomaopopo pono ʻaʻohe kelepona paʻa, pahi, a pahu ammo paha i loko o ka ʻeke ma lalo o ke kaula), e huki i ke kāʻei hoʻopili ponoʻī e like me ka hiki i ke kanaka, a wili i ke koʻokoʻo makani a hiki i ke kahe ʻula ʻula. Ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa ka hiʻohiʻona, e hōʻike i ka ʻeha a, inā pono, e kau pololei i ka tourniquet lua ma ka ʻili 5 a 8 kenimika (2 a 3 iniha) ma luna o ka ʻeha ma mua o ka wehe ʻana i ke kaula kiʻekiʻe a paʻa.
• Improvised Backcountry Hunting Tourniquet: Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i kahi huakaʻi kalepa, e hoʻohana i ka 5 kenimika (2-ʻīniha) ākea ākea maʻa raifela, ke kaula binocular, a i ʻole i pelu ʻia i ka ʻaʻahu alani-alani i ʻōwili ʻia ma luna o ka ʻeha a wili paʻa me kahi **pahu metala, ʻāpana lāʻau hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he lāʻau makani lāʻau ikaika. Mai hoʻohana i ka paracord lahilahi a i ʻole bootlace wale nō me ka ʻole o ke kaula lole ākea ma lalo, no ka mea, ʻokiʻoki ke kaula lahilahi i ka ʻili me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke aʻa femoral hohonu.
• Paʻa ʻEha no ka ʻEha, Puka, Axilla, a i ʻole ʻāʻī: Inā ʻoki ka pōkā a i ʻole ke poʻo ākea i kahi moku i loko o ka ʻāʻī (inguinal junction), ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī, e wahī i ka manamana lima i ka hemostatic gauze (QuikClot Combat Gauze a i ʻole Celox) a i ʻole e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pulupulu i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia i ka ipu a me ka ** ka lalo o ka lua ʻeha** a paʻa iki ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻili, a laila e hilinaʻi i lalo me nā lima ʻelua no 3 a 5 mau minuke piha (hemostatic) a i ʻole 10 mau minuke (gauze paʻa).

2. Kūkākūkā Kūikawā: Nā Paʻa Broadhead arrow a me Crossbow Bolt¶

Hoʻopili ʻia nā pua hahai holoholona o kēia wā a me nā wili keʻa me ** ka lau paʻa a i ʻole ka mechanical (expandable) broadheads** i hana ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hemorrhage ma o 2, 3, a i ʻole 4 mau pahi pahi ʻoki ʻoki ʻia e holo ana 2.5 a 6 kenimika (1 a 2.5 ʻīniha) i ka ʻoki anawaena: 1. No ke aha e make ai ka huki ʻana i ke poʻo ākea: I loko o ke kino, ke kaomi nei ka ʻāpana kala kalapona a me nā ʻili i nā paia ʻokiʻoki o nā veins a me nā aʻa (internal tamponade). Eia kekahi, ʻo nā poʻo laulaha mechanical he mau lau ʻala i mua e hāmama ana me he umbrella ke huki ʻia i hope a ʻo nā poʻo ākea paʻa paʻa e hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka piko o ka pua. ʻO ka huki ʻana i ka pua i waho o ka ululāʻau e ʻokiʻoki i nā aʻalolo paʻa, nā aʻa a me nā aʻa nui e hāmama ākea. 2. Pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai i kahi pua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kahua: - E ʻoki i nā pālule a me nā pālule a puni i ka ʻau pua me nā ʻāpana ʻūhā a i ʻole ka pahi i ʻole e huki nā lole i ke kumu. - Inā kahe ke koko a puni ka wahi e komo ai i ka pua, e kaomi pa'a i nā pad gauze sterile ma luna o ka 'ili ma ka'ao'ao o ke kumu o ka lā'au me ka hili 'ole a wiliwili paha i ka pua. - E kūkulu ʻoe i keʻena lāʻau a i ʻole ke kākoʻo donut a puni ka pua a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 8 a 10 kenimika (3 a 4 ʻīniha) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā soka i ʻōwili ʻia, nā pāpale huluhulu ʻokoʻa, nā ʻāpana ʻōpala, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōwili gauze nui, a hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka pale i ke kino i hiki ʻole i ka pua ke pivo i ka wā e lawe ai i nā ʻōpala. 3. Ahea a pehea e hoopokole ai i ka Pua Pua: Ina e puka mai ka pua pua 75 kenimika (30 iniha) mai ka uha a me ka umauma o ka mea hahai holoholona ma ka pulupulu manoanoa, e hahau na lala laau a pau i ka welau hulu hulu a hooikaika i ka pahi pahi i loko o na kino o ka mea ma'i. - E ho'opa'a kekahi hoa i ke kumu pua ma kahi pa'a e like me ka vise ma kahi kokoke i ka wahi e komo ai ka 'ili me nā lima 'elua (a i 'ole e ho'opa'a pa'a me nā wili pa'a) e komo i ka 100 pakeneka o ka ha'alulu. - E hoʻohana i ** nā ʻoki uea kaumaha, ka mea ʻoki paipu rotary, a i ʻole ka ʻili niho maikaʻi** no ka ʻoki ʻana i ke kumu kalapona a i ʻole alumini ʻia 10 a 15 kenimika (4 a 6 ʻīniha) ma luna o ka ʻili. E wīwī i kahi ʻāpana lipine ma luna o ka hope carbon-fiber i ʻoki ʻia i ʻole e hōʻeha nā mamala kalapona ʻoi i ka poʻe hoʻopakele.

3. A & R, Alanui Lewa a me ka hanu (Ke Rula Eha Komo-a-puka)¶

ʻO nā pōkā raifela hopu kiʻekiʻe (.270, .308, .30-06, 6.5 Creedmoor) kokoke i nā manawa a pau e hele holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka, e hana ana i kahi ** ʻeha komo maʻemaʻe ma mua a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻeha ** puka puka ma ke kua a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao. - E nānā i ka "Pahu" (Neck to Navel, Front, Nā ʻaoʻao, a me Hope): Holoi i kou mau lima lima i loko o ka ʻaʻahu o ka mea hahai holoholona ma mua, nā ʻāʻī a me hope. - E hoʻopili i nā Sila ʻAha Puʻuha: ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻeha komo ma waena o nā ʻāʻī a me ka piko (mua a i hope paha) hiki ke hāʻule i kahi māmā (pneumothorax). Holoi i ke koko a me ka hou mai ka ʻili a kau i ka seal pahu kalepa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma luna o ka ʻeha komo A me ka sila lua o ka umauma ma luna o ka ʻeha puka ma ka pau ʻana o ka exhalation. Inā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoe me kahi ʻeke Ziploc plastik nui a i ʻole ka mea ʻai meaʻai meaʻai, e hoʻopaʻa i lalo ** ʻekolu ʻaoʻao ma kahi kūpono** a waiho i ke kihi o lalo me ka ʻole i paʻa i hiki i ka ea paʻa ke hū i waho o ka umauma me ka ʻole o ka omo ʻana i loko. - E kiaʻi no ka Progressive Tension Pneumothorax: Inā lilo ka mea maʻi me ka ʻeha o ka umauma i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hanu ʻana, ulu aʻe nā lehelehe polū, nalowale ko lākou puʻupuʻu radial wrist pulse, a loaʻa ka hopohopo nui a i ʻole nā ʻāʻī ʻāʻī, ** ʻū i ka sila umauma** ma ka ʻili ʻana i kekahi kihi no 3 a 5 kekona, a laila hoʻokuʻu i ka ea i waho o ka ea. sila hope ilalo.

4. C & H, Kaapuni, Hoʻopaʻa Pelvic, a me ke Kāohi ʻana i ka Hypothermia¶

• Hoʻopau i ka Trauma Triad of Death: ʻO ka mea maʻi ʻeha koko i loko o ka ululāʻau anu o Nowemapa e nalowale koke ka wela o ke kino. Ke hāʻule iho ka mahana ma lalo o 35 degere Celsius (95 degere Fahrenheit) pau ka hana ʻana o nā platelets koko a me nā mea hoʻopili (hypothermic coagulopathy), e hoʻomaka hou ai ke kahe ʻana o ke koko me ka hiki ʻole ke kāohi.
• Pai Thermal koke: ʻOiai inā ʻoluʻolu ka ea, e hoʻokaʻawale koke i ka mea hahai holoholona ʻeha mai ka lepo anu a i ʻole ka hau ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kahi ** i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka noho pahu pahu, ʻeke ʻeke, a i ʻole ka moena mānoanoa o nā lālā pine** ma lalo o lākou. E ʻōwili iā lākou i loko o nā ʻāpana maloʻo, i ka ʻiʻo waho alani-alani, nā mea hoʻomehana lima kemika i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā ʻāʻī a me ka umauma (ma luna o kahi ʻāpana pālule lahilahi, ʻaʻole loa ma ka ʻili ʻole), a me kahi pale pale ākea mylar pale makani.

Ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻāina mamao a me nā ʻāpana pae helicopter (LZ)¶

Ke kelepona ʻana i ka hoʻouna pilikia (911 / 112 / 999) a i ʻole ka leka uila ma o kahi mea SOS satellite (Garmin inReach, Zoleo, SPOT, a i ʻole iPhone/Android Satellite SOS) mai nā ululāʻau hohonu:

1. ʻIke pololei e hoʻouna i nā kekona 30 mua¶

1. ** Hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻo GPS i nā Degrees Decimal a i ʻole Degrees-Minutes-Second**: E wehe i kāu app mapping mapping (OnX Hunt, BaseMap, Gaia GPS, Garmin Explore, a i ʻole Apple/Google Compass) a heluhelu i ka latitu a me ka longitude pololei (no ka laʻana, 45.67892, -111.04567), a me ka inoa o ke ala lāʻau lāʻau kokoke loa, ka puka alahele, a i ʻole ka ʻauwai kahawai.
2. Mechanism and Critical Interventions Applied: Hōʻike maopopo ʻia "Hunting pū ʻeha i ka ʻūhā ʻākau me ka windlass tourniquet i hoʻohana ʻia ma 07:40 AM" a i ʻole *"6-mika (20-foot) kū lāʻau hāʻule me ka lolo hope." 60 mau minuke mai nā manawa pane kua'āina no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā hui kaʻa kaʻa kuaʻāina ke lawe i kahi mea hahai holoholona 100-kilogram 3 mau kilomita ma o ka lāʻau wale nō.
3. E kaha i kēlā me kēia alahele me ka ʻAlani Blaze: Inā loaʻa kahi hoa ʻelua, e kau ʻia ** nā ʻaʻahu hahai holoholona ahi-alani, ka lipine hae a ka mea nānā, a i ʻole nā ​​kukui uila** ma ka ʻīpuka alanui nui a ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ke ala e alakaʻi ai i ka mea maʻi i hiki ai i nā mākaʻi e hiki mai ana a me nā mea lapaʻau ke holo pololei i ke kahua me ka nalowale ʻole.

2. Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai i kahi Helicopter Landing Zone (LZ) ma ka nahele¶

Inā komo ka helikopa lapaʻau a i ʻole SAR i kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe ululāʻau, ʻai, a i ʻole ke ala lāʻau lāʻau ākea: - Ka liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana: - LZ Lā: Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o 25 me 25 mika (75 me 75 kapuaʻi) a me ka maikaʻi loa 30 me 30 mika (100 me 100 kapuaʻi) no nā helikopa nui, maʻemaʻe loa i nā kumulāʻau, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 45 kenimika (18 ʻīniha), a me nā laina uila ma luna. - LZ pō: Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 45 me 45 mika (150 me 150 kapuaʻi). - Pele ʻĀina: Pono e paʻa ka wahi i lalo (ʻaʻole i ka lepo lepo hohonu a i ʻole ka hau wai lahilahi) me kahi pali o ** emi iho ma mua o 8 a 10 degere** (ʻo ka piʻi ʻana ma mua o 10 degere ke kumu e paʻi ai nā lau rotor nui i ka ʻaoʻao o ka puʻu. - Hoʻopaʻa i nā mea ʻalo a pau e kūʻē i ka 130 km/h (80 mph) Rotor Wash: Ma mua o ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka helikopa, e hoʻopaʻa a kaumaha paha i nā pākeʻe āpau mylar āpau āpau, nā ʻūhā, nā pāpale, a me nā ʻeke ukana ʻole. ʻO kahi pākeʻe mylar wehe ʻia i omo ʻia i loko o kahi rotor huelo helikopa e hopena i kahi pōʻino. E mālama pono i ke kāʻei o ka hypothermia o ka mea maʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i lalo a pale i nā maka o ka mea maʻi mai ka lele ʻana o nā nila paina a me ka lepo. - E hōʻike i ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ka makani a ʻaʻole loa e hoʻohana i nā ʻōpala keʻokeʻo i ka pō: E kū me kou kua i ka makani ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka makani (a i ʻole nakiʻi i kahi lipine ʻālohilohi o ka lipine hae ma ke kia ma ke ʻano he makani) no ka mea, pae mau nā helikopter a lele i ka makani **. I ka pō, e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau kemika kala, ʻulaʻula/ʻulaʻula pōʻino kaʻa, a i ʻole ke kukui uila e kuhikuhi ʻia i lalo ma ka honua i waenakonu o ka wehe ʻana; ʻaʻole e hoʻomālamalama i ke kukui keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ke kukui hahai holoholona ma luna o ka cockpit ka mea e hoʻopau ai i nā maka aniani ʻike pō (NVGs).

Ka papa inoa o ka palekana ma mua o ka hopu ʻana no kēlā me kēia Hunter¶

• E hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka TMA-Certified Full-Body Fall Arrest Harness ma kēlā me kēia Hunt: Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi ** laina ola palekana kūpaʻa (me kahi puʻupuʻu Prusik) a i ʻole ke kāʻei piʻi a ka mea laina laina** ma ke kumu o ka lāʻau ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana i ka pae mua loa, no laila ua pili ʻoe i ka 100 pakeneka mai ka honua a i lalo.
• E hōʻoia ua hoʻopili ʻia kāu kaula hoʻomaha hoʻomaha a hiki ke loaʻa: E noho i loko o kāu kāʻei 15 kenimika (6 iniha) mai ka lepo ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka lā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loop loop a hehi i loko ma lalo o ke kaumaha o ke kino piha.
• Mai Piʻi Me ka Puhi Puhi Hoʻokomo ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​poʻo ākea wehe ʻole ʻia: E hoʻokuʻu mau i kāu pū a i ʻole ke kakaka ma ke kumu o ka lāʻau, e hoʻopili iā ia i kahi **laina huki ** (me ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ka waha i lalo mai ou aku), a huki iā ia i luna wale nō ma hope o kou hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana i ka paepae. E lawe i nā pua ākea a pau i loko o kahi ʻaʻa ʻaʻa paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā lau.
• E hali i kahi pahu kōkua mua (IFAK) ma kou kāʻei a i ʻole ka puʻu umauma: E hoʻopaʻa i kahi CoTCCC windlass tourniquet (CAT a i ʻole SOFTT-W) z-fold hemostatic gauze, kahi ʻaʻahu hoʻoluhi pilikia, ʻelua pūʻulu o nā hōʻailona pahu puka, kahi pākeʻe ākea, a me kahi puʻupuʻu peale nui i loko o kou kino, ʻaʻole i waiho ʻia ma hope.
• E waiho i kahi pine hoʻolālā Hunt Written ma kāu App Mapping: E hoʻokuʻu i kahi pine ala kikohoʻe o kou wahi kū kumu lāʻau pololei ma OnX Hunt a i ʻole Google Maps a paʻi iā ia i kahi lālā o ka ʻohana ma mua o ka wanaʻao me kāu manawa e nānā ai.

Nīnau pinepine¶

Nānā ʻia nā kumu¶

• Komite no ka Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC) a me ke Kulanui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (Stop the Bleed, United States): Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūlana Kūikawā no nā Extremity Tourniquets, Junctional Hemorrhage Packing, a me Vented Chest Seals.
• ʻO ka Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Nā Kūlana Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Kauka no ka mālama ʻana i ka Trauma Suspension (Harness Hang Syndrome), Spine Immobilization, a me Backcountry Hemorrhage.
• Hui Hana Hana Laau (TMA) a me International Hunter Education Association (IHEA-USA): Full-Body Fall Arrest System (FAS) Standards, Lifeline Usage, and Suspension Relief Protocols.
• National Bowhunter Education Foundation (NBEF): Broadhead Penetrating Trauma Prevention and Field Stabilization Guidelines.
• ʻO ka National Association of Search and Rescue (NASAR) a me International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR): * Backcountry Helicopter Landing Zone (LZ) Selection and GPS Coordinate Transmission Protocols*.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• ʻO ke koko koʻikoʻi a me nā tourniquets
• Hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea haole
• ʻO ka maʻi pneumothorax a me ka omo umauma ʻeha kōkua mua
• ʻO nāʻeha kuamoʻo a me ka immobilization o ka'ā'ī
• ʻO ka hypothermia wao nahele a me ka ʻike anu
• Papa kuhikuhi helu pilikia