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Ke kamaʻilio ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokele koʻikoʻi palekana ma hope o ka hala ʻole a huikau paha

He ʻokoʻa nā helu ulia pōpilikia ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻohana kēia ʻaoʻao i ka 911, ka helu no ʻAmelika a me Kanada. Nui nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana i ka 112, 999, a i ʻole ka helu ʻē aʻe. E huli i ka helu no kou ʻāina.

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā niho i wehewehe ʻole ʻia ma nā kaʻa o ka makua, ka lohe ʻana ua nalowale lākou i ke kaʻa ʻana i ka home mai kahi hale kūʻai a lākou i kipa aku ai no 30 mau makahiki, a i ʻole ka holo ʻana ma ka noho kaʻa ʻoiai lākou e ʻauheʻe ana ma nā ala ala nui a huikau i nā kaʻa kaʻa a me ka accelerator he pilikia ʻohana koke a make paha. No ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻo ke kī kaʻa e hōʻike ana i ke kūʻokoʻa pilikino, ka hanohano, a me ke kanaka makua, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa pololei ʻana o ka ʻohana ("Ua ʻelemakule ʻoe e hoʻokele, e hāʻawi mai iaʻu i kāu mau kī") kokoke i nā manawa a pau e hoʻoulu i ka pale ikaika, hūnā, a hōʻole. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka ʻae ʻana i ka mea hoʻokele me ka ʻike pōʻino, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka braking reflex, a i ʻole ka dementia mua e noho ma hope o ka huila o kahi kaʻa 1,800-kilogram (4,000-paona) hiki ke make i kāu mea aloha a me nā mea hele wāwae ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kaʻa.

ʻAʻole ʻo ka makahiki Chronological wale nō e hoʻolilo i kekahi i mea hoʻokele palekana; hiki ke hana, ka ʻike ʻokoʻa, ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāʻī, nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoholo ʻana e hoʻoholo ai i ka palekana o ke kaʻa. Ke hiki mai ka hae ʻulaʻula kokoke i ka nalo a i ʻole ka disorientation, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pōʻino (e mālama i ke kaʻa ma waho o ke alanui i kēia lā inā nui ka pōʻino) mai ka loiloi loiloi a me ke kānāwai (e hoʻololi i ke kuleana "kanaka ʻino" i ke kauka, Certified Driver Rehabilitation Specialist, a i ʻole ka papa loiloi lāʻau kaʻa kaʻa mokuʻāina) ʻoiai ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hale kaʻa kaʻawale ʻole e lilo i ʻōnaehana kaʻa kaʻawale ʻole.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa

  1. Inā ua kipaku mua ʻia ke kanaka makua a nalo a ʻaʻohe manaʻo i kēia manawa, e kelepona koke i nā lawelawe ulia pōpilikia. Mai kali i nā hola me ka manaʻo e ʻike lākou i ko lākou ala i ka home. Kāhea i kāu helu ulia pōpilikia kūloko (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ka European Union, 999 ma United Kingdom) a i ʻole e nānā helu pilikia, hāʻawi i ka helu pāla laikini kaʻa, hana, hoʻohālike, kala, a me ke kelepona paʻa a i ʻole ka ʻike telematics pili kaʻa (e like me OnStar, FordPass, a i ʻole Toyota Safety Connect), a hahai i kā mākou alakaʻi ma ka hele ʻana o ka dementia a me ka nalo ʻana o ka ulia pōpilikia.
  2. Mai ʻae i nā keiki a i ʻole nā moʻopuna e holo i ke kaʻa. A hiki i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai ka loiloi lapaʻau a me ka loiloi ma ke alanui e hiki ai i ke kanaka makua ke hana palekana i ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa, e hoʻokumu i ke kānāwai ʻohana hiki ʻole ke holo pū me nā moʻopuna a me nā poʻe kaʻa, a hāʻawi e hoʻokele i kāu kaʻa ponoʻī no nā huakaʻi ʻohana āpau.
  3. Hana i ka nānā kaʻa no 5 mau minuke a me ka loiloi holo kaʻa. E hele a puni nā kihi ʻehā o kā lākou kaʻa i kau ʻia e ʻimi ana i nā ʻōpala hou ma nā rim huila, nā aniani ʻaoʻao haʻihaʻi, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pena o ka puka hale kaʻa ma nā pale, a i ʻole nā ​​tiketi kaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka mīkina lima.
  4. E hoʻolilo i ke kauka a i ʻole kekahi Occupational Therapist Driver Rehabilitation Specialist i mea hoʻoponopono kūʻokoʻa. E hoʻopaʻa i kahi manawa me ko lākou kauka mālama mua a i ʻole ke kanaka geriatric a hoʻouna i kahi leka huna ma o ka puka maʻi 48 mau hola ma mua o ka noi ʻana i ke kauka e loiloi i ko lākou ʻike, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka ʻike a kākau i kahi palapala "Do Not Drive" kauka lapaʻau maʻamau inā ʻaʻole palekana.
  5. E pale i ka ulia kokoke i kēia lā ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaʻa a i ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā kī hoʻopunipuni inā loaʻa ka dementia. Inā hoʻomau ka ʻelemakule me ka dementia haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka huikau nui e hoʻokele i kēia manawa me ka pōʻino koke, e wehe mālie i ka fuse relay hoʻomaka mai ka pahu fuse ma lalo o ka puʻu, e hoʻokomo i ke kī hoʻohemo ʻana i ka pākaukau, a i ʻole e hoʻololi i ke kī kī ʻole e hoʻopau ʻia. ke lawelawe ʻia nei ke kaʻa.
  6. E hoʻouna i kahi noi huna no ka loiloi lāʻau hoʻokele me ka DMV / DVLA inā hōʻole lākou e hoʻōki. Inā hōʻole ka mea hoʻokele pilikia e hoʻomaha no ka ʻohana a i ʻole nā ​​kauka, e hoʻouna i kahi palapala hōʻike hōʻike kino o ke kaʻa ʻaʻole palekana i kou mokuʻāina ʻo Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), UK DVLA, a i ʻole ministry of transport provincial no laila e kauoha ke keʻena aupuni i kahi hōʻike ala a me ka ʻike maka.
flowchart TD
    A["ʻO nā hōʻailona hoʻomaʻamaʻa o ke kaʻa ʻana o nā ʻelemakule palekana: nā niho, nalowale, a kokoke paha"] --> B{"Nalo paha ke kanaka makua i loko o ke kaʻa a i ʻole i kahi ulia pōpilikia?"}
    B -->|"ʻAe: Nalo a hāʻule paha"| C["Kāhea koke iā 911/112/999 me ka palapala laikini a me nā kelepona GPS kaʻa"]
    B -->|"ʻAʻole: Ma ka home"| D{"ʻO ke kaumaha o ka hoʻokele kaʻa?"}
    D -->|"Hae Melemele: Ke lohi mālie, ʻālohilohi i ka pō, a i ʻole ʻāʻī ʻoʻoleʻa"| E["Puke Occupational Therapy CDRS loiloi a me ka loiloi lāʻau / ʻike"]
    D -->|"Hae ʻulaʻula: Dementia, nalowale ma nā ala maʻamau, huikau pedal, a i ʻole nā ​​ulia i hōʻike ʻole ʻia"| F["Pono ka hoʻomaha hoʻokele kaʻa: ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā keiki a i ʻole ka ʻohana e holo ma ke ʻano he kaʻa"]
    E --> G["E hoʻohana i nā mea hana hoʻololi, nā palena o ka lā, a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka cataract"]
    F --> H["E hoʻouna i ka leka mua i ke kauka no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi Do Not Drive"]
    H --> I{"Ua ʻae anei ke kanaka makua i ke kauoha a ke kauka a hāʻawi i nā kī?"}
    I -->|"ʻAe"| J["E hoʻonohonoho i ka Rideshare Concierge, ka paratransit, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia pule"]
    I -->|"ʻAʻole: Hōʻole a poina paha ma muli o ka dementia"| K["Hoʻopau i ka fuse relay hoʻomaka a hoʻohana i nā kī hoʻopunipuni A faila DMV/DVLA Medical Review"]
    K --> J

Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka pahuhopu: Nā Hae Melemele (hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia) kūʻē i nā Hae ʻulaʻula (hoʻōki i ke kaʻa ʻana i kēia manawa)

ʻAʻole pono kēlā me kēia manaʻo hoʻokele e lawe mau i nā kī. I kekahi manawa, pilikia kekahi kanaka makua ma muli o ka ma'i ma'i 'o'o, ke koko ho'omaha nui a i 'ole ka pila 'allergy, a i 'ole ka 'ā'ī oolea i hiki ke ho'oponopono 'ia me ka 'oki 'ana, ka wehewehe 'ana i ka lā'au, a i 'ole nā ​​aniani makapō. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, nā kūlana neurodegenerative holomua e like me ka maʻi Alzheimer haʻahaʻa, Lewy body dementia, a i ʻole hemianopia homonymous ma hope o kahi hahau e hoʻokele i ka palekana.

E hoʻohana i ka papa hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ma lalo nei (i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka American Geriatrics Society (AGS) a me National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Clinician's Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers) no ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā pono kāu mea aloha i ka hoʻolohe ʻana a i ʻole kahi hoʻomaha koke.

ʻO ke kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kino Papa Pilikia Ke Kumu Lapaʻau lalo a i ʻole ke kumu hana Hana Pono
** Paʻakikī ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona alanui i ka pō a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ke kaʻa pō** Hae Melemele (Hoʻololi ʻia) ʻO nā ʻōpala, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka macular mua, ka glaucoma, a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa o ka retinal. ʻO ka hōʻike ophthalmologist piha; e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaʻa ʻana no ka wehe ʻana i nā hola o ke ao mai nā ala kaʻa kiʻekiʻe
** Paʻakikī i ka huli poʻo e nānā i nā wahi makapō ke hoʻololi i nā ala** Hae Melemele (Hoʻololi ʻia) ʻO ka osteoarthritis spine spine a i ʻole parkinsonian axial rigidity Lapaʻau kino no ka ʻāʻī o ka neʻe ʻana me nā aniani convex ākea ākea a me ka nānā makapō
** ʻO ka hiamoe kakahiaka a i ʻole ka noʻonoʻo ma hope o ka huila** Hae Melemele (Hoʻololi ʻia) ʻO nā lāʻau hoʻomaha (antihistamines, benzodiazepines, gabapentin, hoʻomaha ʻiʻo) a i ʻole ka hypotension orthostatic. ʻO ka loiloi lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kauka no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā lāʻau deliriogenic a i ʻole nā ​​​​lāʻau hoʻomaha
Nalo ma nā wahi kamaʻāina a i ʻole 2 mau hola no kahi hana 15 mau minuke Hae Ulaula (Hooki koke) ʻO ka disorientation topographical a me ka hana hoʻokō mai ka Alzheimer a i ʻole ka dementia vascular Hoʻopau koke i ke kaʻa; ʻO ka leo GPS e hoʻoneʻe a hoʻonui i ka pōʻino i ka dementia
Ke huikau i ke kinoea a me ke kaʻa kaʻa, a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana ma ka puka kaʻa a me nā pale Hae Ulaula (Hooki koke) ʻO ka neuropathy peripheral (ka nalo ʻana o ka wāwae), visuospatial agnosia, a i ʻole ka manawa lohi Hoʻopau koke i ke kaʻa; ʻO ka huikau pedal ke kumu o ka make ʻana o ka hale kūʻai a me ke ala kaʻa
Holo ʻana i nā hōʻailona hoʻomaha/kukui ʻulaʻula, ke kaʻa ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao hewa o ke alanui, a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻole Hae Ulaula (Hooki koke) ʻAʻole hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nānā ʻana, ʻoki ʻia ke kahua ʻike ma hope o ka hahau ʻana, a i ʻole ka maʻi ʻO ka hauʻoli hauʻoli a me ka huikau koke Hoʻopau koke i ke kaʻa a me ka loiloi neurological/kauka
Ka honi ʻana mai nā mea hoʻokele ʻē aʻe, nā niho hou i wehewehe ʻole ʻia ma nā rims/bumpers, a i ʻole nā ​​pōloli kokoke Hae Ulaula (Hooki koke) Nalo ka ʻike mālama ʻana i ke alahele, ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana ma nā huli hema, a i ʻole ka mālama ʻole ʻana i nā kiko Hoʻopau koke i ke kaʻa ke kali nei i ka hoʻāʻo alanui Certified Driver Rehabilitation Specialist (CDRS)

Danger

No ke aha ʻaʻole mālama ka hoʻokele GPS i ka mea hoʻokele me ka dementia palekana: Manaʻo pinepine nā ʻohana ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka GPS atamai a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale hoʻokele i-dash e hoʻopau i ka pilikia o ka nalowale ʻana o kahi makua. Hōʻike nā haʻawina simulator hoʻokele maʻi i ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi kaʻa kaʻa me ka dementia mua a hiki i ka haʻahaʻa ua kaupalena ʻia ka manaʻo puʻunaue. ʻO ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka ʻōlelo GPS a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i lalo i kahi palapala ʻāina e hoʻopau i ko lākou bandwidth cognitive a pau, e alakaʻi pololei iā lākou ma nā kukui ʻulaʻula, e ʻauheʻe i nā ala e hiki mai ana, a i ʻole e kū i ka make ma waena o kahi alaloa kiʻekiʻe.

Pehea e hana ai i kahi kaʻa huna 10 mau minuke a me ka loiloi hale kaʻa

ʻO ka poʻe hoʻokele kahiko e hoʻomaka ana e ʻike i ka emi ʻana o ka naʻau a i ʻole ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike, ʻaʻole i manawaleʻa lākou no ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi pahu paʻa ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole kokoke i ka paʻi ʻana i kahi kaʻa. Ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana i ke kumuhana o ke kaʻa ʻana, e nānā i ʻehā mau wahi hōʻike kino i ka wā e kū ana kā lākou kaʻa ma ke ala kaʻa a i ʻole ka hale kaʻa:

  1. ** ʻEhā-Kūhi Bumper a me Wheel-Rim Walkaround:** E kūlou i lalo a nānā i ka valence plastic haʻahaʻa o ka pahu hoʻopaʻapaʻa mua, nā ʻaoʻao hope ʻelua, nā rim huila huila ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao (e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono i ka laulā o ke alahele), a me ka hale plastik o nā aniani ʻaoʻao ʻelua. E ʻimi no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pena kala (melemele mai nā pou kaʻa, keʻokeʻo mai ka puka kaʻa hale, a i ʻole ʻulaʻula/uliuli mai nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe).
  2. Ka Puka Puka Kaʻa a me ka Nānā Ala Kaʻa: E nānā i ka ʻoki lāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka wehe ʻana o ka hale kaʻa, ka paia hope o ka hale kaʻa, a me nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​pou pa e laina ana i ke ala no nā ala kaʻa hou a i ʻole nā ​​kaha hopena.
  3. Ka Glove Box a me Center Console Audit: I ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou kāleka ʻinikua a i ʻole ka lā pau o ke kākau inoa ʻana, e ʻimi i nā huaʻōlelo kaʻa ʻaʻole i uku ʻia, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pahupaʻikiʻi ʻulaʻula ʻoniʻoni, nā hewa ʻauhau, a i ʻole nā ​​​​leka hoʻoponopono hale kūʻai kaʻa i uku ʻia ma ke kālā e pale i ka haʻi ʻana i ka ʻohana a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana i kahi koi inikua.
  4. He 20 Minute Passenger Ride-Along: E noi i kou makua e hoʻokele iā ʻoe i kahi ʻoihana kūloko i ʻekolu mau mile ka mamao e komo pū ana ** nā huli lima hema ʻole i pale ʻia ma waena o nā kaʻa e hiki mai ana ** (ka hana make loa hoʻokahi no nā mea hoʻokele kahiko) a me kahi hui ala he nui. E noho mālie ma ka noho kaʻa mua a nānā:
  5. Hoʻopaʻa lākou i ko lākou kāʻei noho me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana?
  6. Nānā lākou i nā aniani a huli i ko lākou poʻo ma mua o ka hui ʻana?
  7. Ke holo nei lākou i 25 km/h (15 mph) ma lalo o ke kahe o ke kaʻa, a i ʻole e haki koke i ke kekona hope i ka wā e kokoke ana i ke kukui ʻulaʻula?
  8. Hoʻomaha paha lākou me ka huikau ma waena o kahi hui a i ʻole ʻelua alahele?
  9. Hiki iā lākou ke hopohopo, huhū, a hiki ʻole ke kamaʻilio i ke kaʻa ʻana?

Ke hoʻololi nei i ka hana "kanaka maikaʻi": Ke hoʻohana nei i ke kauka a me nā mea loiloi hoʻokele CDRS

Ke koi pololei ke keiki makua i nā kī kaʻa o ka makua, ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i ka mana o ka makua-keiki i ke ola a hoʻoulu pinepine i ka mokuʻāina ʻohana. I nā manawa a pau e hiki ai, ** hoʻopuka i ka manaʻo hoʻoholo i kahi ʻoihana lapaʻau ʻaoʻao ʻekolu a i ʻole ʻoihana laikini** i hiki iā ʻoe ke noho ma ka ʻaoʻao o kou makua ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo kākoʻo.

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1: E hoʻouna i kahi memo HIPAA-compliant portal ma mua o ke kipa ʻana o ke kauka

Ma lalo o ke Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (a me nā kānāwai huna huna o ka maʻi ma UK, Kanada, a me Australia), ʻaʻole hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻokuʻu i nā moʻolelo lapaʻau huna i kahi kanaka ʻae ʻole, ** akā aia he ZERO kapu kānāwai e pale ana i kahi lālā o ka ʻohana mai ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻike palekana I ke kauka**.

ʻElua lā ma mua o ka mālama mua ʻana o kou makua, neurology, a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka maʻi geriatric, e hoʻouna i kahi leka puka a i ʻole fax i kahi leka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi i ke kauka:

"HUI HOIKE PALAPALA O KA OHANA NO KAUKA [NAME]: Ma mua o ke koho 'ana o [Parent Name] ma [Date], pono ko makou ohana e makaala ia oe i na hae ulaula ko'iko'i o ka hookele ana. pale loa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoluʻolu e hana i kahi pale noʻonoʻo (MoCA a i ʻole Trail Making Test Part B), e nānā i kā lākou mau lāʻau lapaʻau, a inā ʻae ʻoe e hoʻōki lākou i ke kaʻa ʻana, e kākau i kahi kauoha lapaʻau 'DO NOT DRIVE' ma kahi papa kuhikuhi pepa a wehewehe ʻo ia kahi koi olakino no ko lākou palekana a me ke kuleana ʻinikua?"

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2: E kiʻi i ka palapala kauoha kino "Do Not Drive" no ka pahu hau

Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau geriatric e pane ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe ʻelemakule me ka haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka naʻau i kahi ** palapala kauoha pepa i kaulima ʻia e ko lākou kauka** heluhelu ʻana * "ʻAʻole pono ka maʻi e hoʻokele i kaʻa kaʻa no ka maʻi maʻi"* ma mua o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa waha mai kā lākou mau keiki. E hana i ekolu kope o ka palapala kauoha i kakauinoaia: e hoopili i kekahi ma kahi kokoke i ka makau ki a i ole i ka pahu hau, e malama i kekahi i loko o kou waihona, a e hoike akahai i na manawa a pau e poina ai lakou i ke kumu o ko lakou holo ole ana ("E hoomanao, ua kau o Kauka Miller i ke kalaiwa manawa a hiki i ka nana hou ana o kou mau maka a me kou mau noonoo, a ina oe e hookele i ke kauoha a ke kauka, hiki i ka hui inikua kaa ke hoopau i ka uhi").

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3: E kākau i kahi loiloi kūʻokoʻa me kahi Certified Driver Rehabilitation Specialist (CDRS)

Inā ʻoi aku ka noʻonoʻo o kou makua a i ʻole ʻino iki wale nō a koi ʻo ia "He kaʻa hoʻokele palekana maikaʻi wau, ke hoʻonui nei ʻoe," hāʻawi i kahi ʻaelike kūpono: he loiloi kūʻokoʻa e kekahi Occupational Therapist Certified Driver Rehabilitation Specialist (CDRS) a i ʻole kahi Driving Mobility Assessment Center (ma UK).

  • He aha ka loiloi CDRS: ʻAʻole ia he hōʻike DMV wikiwiki 10 mau minuke. Hana ka CDRS i 2-a-3-hola hoʻomaʻamaʻa a ma hope o ka huila e hoʻāʻo ana i ka ʻike acuity, ʻike peripheral, ʻike ʻokoʻa, ka manawa hoʻihoʻi kaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o nā milliseconds, ka hoʻoponopono cognitive hoʻokō (e like me ka Trail Making Test Part B a me Useful Field of View / UFOV test), a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaʻa ʻelua ma ke alanui.
  • Ekolu mau hopena:
  • Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kaʻa me ka palekana (hāʻawi i ka ʻohana i ka maluhia o ka noʻonoʻo).
  • Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me nā hoʻololi a i ʻole nā ​​​​palena kūpono (e like me nā aniani panoramic, nā puʻupuʻu spinner, nā mea holo wāwae hema, a i ʻole ka laikini i kaupalena ʻia i ka radius 8-kilomika / 5-mile i ka lā ma waho o nā alaloa).
  • Hoʻoholo hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa maʻi e haʻalele i ka hoʻokele kaʻa (hāʻawi ʻia e kahi loea kaulike ʻole hiki ke hoʻouna i ka hōʻike i ke kauka a me DMV).
  • Pehea e loaʻa ai: Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, e huli i ka Association for Driver Rehabilitation Specialists (ADED) ka papa kuhikuhi ma aded.net a i ʻole ka American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) mea hoʻokele kaʻa kahiko; ma United Kingdom, e kelepona iā Driving Mobility (drivingmobility.org.uk); ma Australia, e huli i ka Occupational Therapy Australia no na OT i hoonaauaoia.

Pehea e waiho ai i kahi DMV / DVLA / Panalaau ʻAʻole Haule Keaukaha Manaʻo Lapaʻau

Inā loaʻa i ka mea hoʻokele kahiko nā hemahema o ka Hae Ula (e like me ka dementia, ka pohō ʻike, a i ʻole ka hāʻule pinepine ʻana) a hōʻole i ka noi ʻana o ka ʻohana a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo a kā lākou kauka e hoʻōki i ke kaʻa, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka i kahi loiloi laikini aupuni ma mua o ka make ʻana o kekahi.

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina, panalāʻau, a me nā keʻena laikini laikini aupuni he Medical Review Process i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā ʻohana pili, nā kauka, a me nā luna hoʻokō kānāwai.

Manaʻo mana ʻOihana Hoʻolaha Kūleʻa & Form He hūnā anei ka hōʻike ʻohana? He aha ka hana ma hope o kou hoʻouna ʻana i ka palapala
** ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (50 Mokuʻāina a me DC)** Mokuʻāina DMV / BMV / DPS Medical Review Unit (e laʻa., California DMV Form DS 699 Noi no ka hoʻokolokolo hou ʻana o Keaukaha; Texas DPS Papa Kūkākūkā Lapaʻau kuhikuhi; NY DMV Form DS-7; Florida HSMV Form 72190) ** ʻAe ma kahi kokoke i nā mokuʻāina a pau:** Ua hūnā ʻia kou inoa a hiki i ke kānāwai mokuʻāina (a i ʻole e ʻae ʻia nā hōʻike inoa ʻole inā pūlima ʻia e ke kauka/makai) Hoʻouna ʻo DMV i ka poʻe kahiko i kahi leka kūhelu e koi ana iā lākou e hoʻouna i kahi palapala loiloi Kauka Lapaʻau holoʻokoʻa i loko o 15 a 30 mau lā a hāʻawi i kahi ʻike maka, kākau ʻia, a ma hope o ka huila hoʻāʻo ʻana, a i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu koke i ka laikini inā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike ʻia.
United Kingdom (GB & ʻIlelani ʻĀkau) ** Keaukaha Laikini Kaa (DVLA)** Nīnau Lapaʻau (gov.uk/report-driving-medical-condition) a i ʻole DVA ma ʻIlelani ʻĀkau ** ʻAe:** Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻike huna i kahi mea hoʻokele palekana ma ka pūnaewele a i ʻole ma ka leka me ka ʻole e haʻi ʻia i ka mea hoʻokele ka mea nāna i hōʻike Ma lalo o ke kānāwai UK, ua koi ʻia nā mea hoʻokele e hōʻike iā lākou iho i ka dementia, ka hahau ʻana, ka hopu ʻana, a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike i ka DVLA (a hiki i ka £1,000 uku a me ka ʻinikua kīnā ʻole inā hūnā ʻia). Hoʻopili ʻo DVLA i kā lākou GP/consultant a kauoha i kahi loiloi Driving Mobility a i ʻole e kāpae i ka laikini.
Kanada (Kalana a me nā Teritori) Panalāʻau Ministry of Transportation Medical Review (e.g., Ontario MTO Medical Review Unit, ICBC RoadSafetyBC ma British Columbia, SAAQ ma Quebec) Aia nā kauka a me nā optometrist i ka hōʻike kānāwai pono a i ʻole pale ʻia ma ka hapa nui o nā panalāʻau; Hiki i nā ʻohana ke noi aku i nā mākaʻi kūloko a i ʻole ke kauka ʻohana e waiho i ka hōʻike Pono ke Kuhina i kahi ho'āʻo hoʻokele hana pono (DriveABLE / OT alanui ho'āʻo) a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole ke kāpae ʻana i ka laikini kaʻa.
Australia & New Zealand Mana laikini mokuʻāina (Service NSW, VicRoads, TMR Queensland) ma lalo o Assessing Fitness to Drive nā kūlana aupuni; NZTA Waka Kotahi ma New Zealand ** ʻAe:** Hiki i nā ʻohana a me nā kauka ke waiho i kahi hōʻike pilikino pili kino Hoʻomaka i kahi koi palapala hōʻoia olakino a me ka loiloi ʻoihana ma ke alanui

Warning

ʻO ka pilikia pili kālā a kīwila o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kanaka makua e hoʻomau i ke kaʻa: Inā ʻike ka ʻohana a i ʻole ka hoa kāne ua ʻike ʻia kekahi kanaka ʻelemakule me ka dementia, kaʻi ʻana, a i ʻole ka pohō nui o ka ʻike, a i ʻole ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ke kauka e ʻole e hoʻokele, a hoʻomau i ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i ke kaʻa i hui pū ʻia, he loio o ka mea hoʻopiʻi i loko o kahi ulia pōpilikia ** hoʻopaʻi no ka ʻohana a hoʻopaʻi ʻia** nā pohō, a hiki i ka mea hoʻolako kaʻa ke kūʻē i ka uhi ʻana inā ua hūnā ʻia kahi kūlana hōʻike olakino.

Nā huaʻōlelo no ka huaʻōlelo no "The Car Keys Conversation"

Inā mālama mau kou makua i ka ʻike (haʻahaʻa naʻau koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nāwaliwali kino) a ke noho nei ʻoe i lalo e kūkākūkā i ka hoʻomaha ʻana mai ka hoʻokele kaʻa ʻana, e hoʻomākaukau no kahi ʻano kaumaha. Mai hoʻopaʻa i ke kamaʻilio ma ka papa ʻaina hoʻomaha a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana ma ke kaʻa.

1. ʻO ka Empathy + Mana Kūwaho + Palapala Hoʻoponopono koke

"Mama, ua ike au i ka mea nui o ka hookele ana i kou kuokoa i kou ola a pau, a o keia kekahi o na kamailio paakiki loa a makou i loaa'i. Ma muli o ka loli ana o kou hihio a me ka wili hou ana o ke kaa, ua hopohopo nui maua me Kauka Patel no kou palekana kino a me ke kuleana o ke kanawai ke huki mai kekahi kaa i mua ou a aole hiki i kou mau noonoo ke hooki i kou kaa i keia la. e hoʻopaʻa ʻoe i loko o ka hale: ua hoʻonohonoho mua mākou i kahi moʻokāki no laila e kiʻi ka mea hoʻokele iā ʻoe ma kou puka mua i nā manawa a pau āu e makemake ai e hele i ka hale kūʻai, hale pule, a hale kūʻai paha, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mea āu e uku nei no ka ʻinikua kaʻa a me ke kinoea."

2. ʻO ka Pivot Financial Math & Liability Pivot (No nā poʻe ʻelemakule ʻike kālā)

Nui nā poʻe ʻelemakule e kūʻē i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa palekana e pane koke i ka loiloi kālā. E helu i ke kumukūʻai makahiki maoli no ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou kaʻa ma ke alahele: - ʻInikua kaʻa (pinepine $1,800 a i \(3,500 i kēlā me kēia makahiki no nā mea hoʻokele ma luna o 80) + kakau inoa + mālama ʻia/nā kaila/baila + wahie = **\)3,500 a i \(6,000+ i kēlā me kēia makahiki** (a i ʻole **\)300 a i $500 i kēlā me kēia mahina**). - E hōʻike iā lākou ma ka pepa: * "E Pāpā, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kēia kaʻa i ka inikua a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻoe he $400 i ka mahina ʻoiai ke noho wale nei i loko o ka hale kaʻa, a inā e hahau kekahi iā ʻoe, hiki i ka hoʻopiʻi hoʻokahi ke holoi i kāu waihona hoʻomaha.

He aha ka mea e hana ai ke poina ke kanaka makua me ka dementia ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokele (Last-resort physical containment)

Ke loaʻa i kahi kanaka ʻelemakule ka maʻi Alzheimer haʻahaʻa, ka dementia vascular, a i ʻole ka dementia frontotemporal, loaʻa iā lākou he anosognosia (he hiki ʻole ke ʻike i ko lākou naʻau ponoʻī) a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo i kahi kamaʻilio a i ʻole ke kauoha a ke kauka mai 20 mau minuke aku nei. ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i kahi kaʻa ikaika a hana i nā kī ma ka hale me ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki ʻaʻole e hoʻokele i kahi pōʻino nui.

E hoʻohana i kēia mau ʻanuʻu holomua, ʻaʻole kūʻē i ke kino:

  1. ** Kaʻanuʻu 1: E hoʻololi i nā "Kī Kiʻi" ma kā lākou apo kī:** Mai haʻalele i ke kanaka me ka dementia me ka huhū no ka nalo ʻana o kāna apo kī mai kā lākou ʻeke a ʻeke paha (hiki ke hoʻoulu i kahi pilikia paranoia nui; ʻike. dementia koʻikoʻi ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā a me ka haʻalulu nui). E kūʻai i kahi kī kī kī ʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka pūnaewele a i ʻole e kau i kahi kī kahiko mai kahi kaʻa mua ma luna o kā lākou kīʻaha kī maʻa ʻoiai e wehe mālie ana i ka fob transponder maoli.
  2. ** KaʻAnuʻu 2: E hoʻoneʻe i ke kaʻa ma waho o ka ʻike maka ("Ma ka hale kūʻai no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana"):** ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kā lākou kaʻa e paʻa ana ma ke ala kaʻa a i ʻole ka hale kaʻa i kēlā me kēia kakahiaka he mea ʻike mau ia e hoʻokele. E kau i ke kaʻa ma ka hale o kekahi ʻohana ma kahi mau mile. I nā manawa a lākou e nīnau ai i hea ke kaʻa, e hoʻohana i ka fib therapeutic: "Pono ka mea kūʻai aku e mālama i kēia pule e kali ana ma kahi ʻāpana i kauoha ʻia no ka hoʻomanaʻo palekana, no laila ke hoʻokele nei au iā ʻoe i kēia lā."
  3. ** KaʻAnuʻu 3: E hoʻopau i ke kaʻa i loko o 60 kekona inā pono ia e noho i loko o ka hale kaʻa:** Inā hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻa e ka hoa kāne ma ka helu hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoneʻe koke ʻia, e hoʻopau iā ia no laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaka inā loaʻa i ke kanaka makua ke kī hoʻomaha:
  4. Huki i ka Starter Relay a i ʻole Fuel Pump Fuse: Wehe i ka puʻupuʻu, e hoʻokuʻu i ka uhi plastik mai ka pahu fuse ma lalo o ka puʻu, e hoʻohana i ke kiʻikuhi i paʻi ʻia i loko o ka poʻi e ʻimi ai i ka huinahā Starter Relay a i ʻole Fuel Pump fuse, huki i waho, a hoʻokomo i loko o kāu ʻeke. Ke hoʻohuli ke kanaka makua i ke kī a i ʻole ke kaomi ʻana i ke pihi hoʻomaka, e ʻā maʻamau nā kukui dashboard, e noʻonoʻo ai ua make ke kaʻa a makemake paha i kahi mīkini ma mua o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā ʻoe.
  5. E hoʻouka i $15 Battery Terminal Disconnect Switch a i ʻole ka Hui Hoʻokele Huila: E hoʻopaʻa i ka pihi ʻoki ʻoki pilahi keleawe wikiwiki ma ka pahu pākaukau ʻino ma lalo o ka puʻupuʻu, a i ʻole e laka i kahi pahu hoʻokele kila ma luna o ka huila a ʻo ka wahine wale nō ke kī.

Ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana holo kaʻa ma hope o ke kaʻa ʻana i ka lā 1

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā kī kaʻa me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi koke ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kanaka makua ke kumu o ke kaumaha o ke kino, ka hoʻohemo kino wikiwiki ʻana, a me ka noho kaʻawale ʻana. Ma mua a ma ka lā pololei i hoʻomaha ʻia ai nā kī, hoʻonohonoho i kēia Four-Pillar Senior Mobility Kit:

  • 1. Phone-Call Rideshare Concierge (ʻAʻole Pono ʻia ke kelepona): ʻAʻole hiki i nā poʻe ʻelemakule ke hoʻohana i nā pale kelepona liʻiliʻi Uber a i ʻole Lyft. E hoʻopaʻa inoa iā lākou i kahi lawelawe concierge rideshare e pili ana i ke kelepona e like me GoGoGrandparent (1-855-464-6872 ma US, Canada, a me Australia), Uber Central / Family Profiles (kahi āu e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka huakaʻi mai kāu kelepona ponoʻī a hahai i ke kaʻa i ko lākou alahele), a i ʻole ** Lyft Silver**.
  • 2. ʻO ADA Paratransit a me ka ʻĀpana Wahi no nā kaʻa kaʻa kahiko:
  • Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa: Kāhea i ka Eldercare Locator ma 1-800-677-1116 (eldercare.acl.gov) a i ʻole kou mana kaʻa kaʻa kūloko e hoʻopaʻa inoa i kou makua i ADA Complementary Paratransit (nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole puka-i-puka no ka poʻe ʻelemakule hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana i nā kaʻa kaʻa maʻamau, maʻamau $2 a $4 no kēlā me kēia holo) a me nā papahana hoʻokele kaʻa nui e like me ITNCountry (itnamerica.org).
  • Ma United Kingdom: E noi i ka ʻaha kūkā kūloko ** Taxicard**, Community Transport / Dial-a-Ride, a me kahi Blue Badge (e noho pū me ka kanaka, e ʻae ana i ka ʻohana a i ʻole ka hoaaloha e hoʻokele iā lākou e paka ma nā kaʻa ma waho o nā hale kūʻai a me nā keʻena kino).
  • Ma Kanada a me Australia: E kākau inoa no ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻapuni (Wheel-Trans, HandyDART, TransHelp) a i ʻole My Aged Care nā haʻawina lawe kaʻa ma Australia.
  • 3. ʻO ka Non-Emergency Medical Transportation (NEMT) ma o ka ʻinikua olakino: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hoʻolālā Medicaid, ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 pakeneka o nā hoʻolālā Medicare Advantage, a me ka Veterans Health Administration (VA) hāʻawi ** kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa manuahi i nā kauka āpau, niho, ʻike, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau **. Kāhea i ka helu Member Services ma ke kua o kā lākou kāleka ʻinikua e kākau i nā kaʻa he 48 mau hola ma mua.
  • 4. Hoʻouna ʻia i nā hale kūʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia pule a me kahi "Kalena Kaʻa No-Guilt Ride": E hoʻonohonoho i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hale kūʻai i kēlā me kēia pule (Instacart, Walmart+, Amazon Fresh, a i ʻole Tesco/Sainsbury) a me ka leka uila a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko no laila ʻaʻole pono ke ola i kēlā me kēia lā i ke kaʻa. E hana i kahi kalena pule hebedoma i paʻi ʻia ma kā lākou pahu hau e hōʻike ana i ka hoaaloha, hoalauna, a ʻohana paha e kiʻi ana iā lākou no ka hale pule, kofe, a i ʻole ka lauoho no laila ʻaʻole lākou e manaʻo e "noi no nā kaʻa."

Mai poina e kiʻi i kahi kiʻi kiʻi aupuni aupuni ʻole

Ke hāʻawi aku ka ʻelemakule i kā lākou laikini kaʻa a ʻae paha e pau, pono lākou i kahi Kaleka Hōʻike Kiʻi Non-Driver i hoʻopuka ʻia e ke Aupuni (e like me ka REAL ID Non-Driver Card) no ka holo ʻana i nā mokulele, nānā kālā ma ka panakō, kiʻi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kau inoa a kākau inoa ʻia. E hele pū me kāu mea aloha i ka DMV no ka hoʻololi ʻana i kā lākou laikini kaʻa i hāʻawi ʻia i Kāleka ID mokuʻāina ʻole ma ka huakaʻi hoʻokahi (he nui nā mokuʻāina e hoʻopuka i nā ID kaʻa ʻole ʻole me ka uku ʻole), a i ʻole heluhelu i kā mākou alakaʻi ma i nalowale ka palapala hānau, ke kāleka mālama ola, a i ʻole ke kāleka noho.

Note

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa lima kōkua mua mai ke Keʻa ʻulaʻula, St John Ambulance, a i ʻole kahi mea lawelawe kaiāulu kūloko e hoʻomākaukau iā ʻoe e pane i nā ulia ala, nā hahau, nā manawa maule, a me nā pilikia olakino i ka poʻe ʻelemakule.

Nīnau pinepine

Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia inā ʻike wau i koʻu makua ʻelemakule he dementia a ʻino paha nā maka a ʻae wau iā lākou e hoʻomau i ke kaʻa?

Inā noho wale ʻoe ma kou home ponoʻī a na kou makua, mālama, a hoʻopaʻa inoa i kā lākou kaʻa ponoʻī ma ko lākou inoa hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā keiki makua ke kuleana pili kānāwai no ka ulia o ka makua. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke alo i ke kuleana kālā pilikino no ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana inā aia kou inoa ma ke poʻo inoa kaʻa a i ʻole ke kulekele ʻinikua kaʻa, inā ʻoe e hāʻawi iā lākou i kāu kaʻa, a inā ʻoe e hana ma ke ʻano he kahu mālama kānāwai a i ʻole conservator a ʻae ʻoe iā lākou e hoʻokele kūʻē i ke kauoha a ke kauka. Eia hou, hiki i ka hoʻopaʻi hoʻopaʻi hoʻopiʻi ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kou makua ke hoʻopau loa i kā lākou mālama ola, ka pono o ka home, a me ka waiwai, ʻo ia ke kumu e pale ai ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.

Ua koi ʻia nā kauka e hōʻike i kahi mea hoʻokele palekana me ka dementia i ka DMV?

Aia ia ma kou moku'āina, moku'āina, a ʻāina paha. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻeono mau mokuʻāina (Kalepona, Delaware, Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, a me Pennsylvania) i nā kauka e hōʻike ana i nā kānāwai e koi ana i nā kauka e hōʻike i nā maʻi i loaʻa i nā maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ka lapses o ka ʻike a i ʻole dementia (e like me ka maʻi Alzheimer a i ʻole epilepsy) pololei i ka DMV mokuʻāina a i ʻole ke keʻena olakino. I ka hapa nui o nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana i ke kauka he mea manawaleʻa akā pale ʻia e ke kānāwai e ka palekana mai nā hoʻopiʻi. Ma Kanada, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā panalāʻau ke kauoha i ke kauka a me ka optometrist e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻokele lāʻau kūpono ʻole, a ma United Kingdom, ua koi ʻia ka mea maʻi (a i ʻole ko lākou ʻelele) e ke kānāwai e haʻi aku i ka DVLA ma kahi hōʻoia o ka dementia a i ʻole ka hahau.

Pehea wau e hoʻopau ai i ke kaʻa o koʻu makua i ka wā pilikia me ka ʻole e hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻenekini a i ʻole e huhū mai iaʻu?

ʻO ke ala palekana a hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia e pale ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaʻa i loko o 60 kekona, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu, wehe i ke poʻi ʻilika o ka pahu fuse engine-bay nui, e nānā i ke kiʻi i paʻi ʻia i loko o ke poʻi, a huki i ka pahu pahu Starter Relay a i ʻole Fuel Pump fuse. Ke komo kou makua i ke kaʻa a hoʻohuli i ke kī a i ʻole ke kaomi ʻana i ke pihi hoʻomaka, e ʻā mau nā kukui dashboard a me ka lekiō, no laila e manaʻo wale lākou he pilikia hoʻomaka mīkini kaʻa e pono ai kahi hale hoʻoponopono ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana ua hūnā kekahi i kā lākou mau kī. E mālama i ka fuse relay ma kahi paʻa a hoʻonohonoho i kahi "mechanic check" oiai ʻoe e hoʻololi iā lākou i nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi pale hoʻokele GPS a i ʻole ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi kaʻa hou me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻakomi e palekana i ka mea me ka dementia haʻahaʻa e hoʻomau i ka hoʻokele?

ʻAʻole, ʻoiai ʻo Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pilikia pilikia a me nā chimes makapō he mea kōkua no ka poʻe ʻelemakule olakino, hiki iā lākou ke huikau a hoʻoweliweli i ka mea hoʻokele me ka dementia. ʻO nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni dashboard ʻōpuʻu, alahele huila hoʻokele-mālama i nā haʻalulu, a me nā kani ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo nui e hoʻomaka pinepine i ka mea hoʻokele me ka pōʻino o ka noʻonoʻo, e hoʻomaka ai lākou e makaʻu, ʻoni aʻe, a i ʻole ke hehi i ka pedal accelerator ma kahi o ka kaʻe. Pēlā nō, ma muli o nā kuhikuhi GPS i ʻōlelo ʻia e pono ai ka noʻonoʻo ʻokoʻa e huki i ko lākou nānā ʻana mai nā kukui kaʻa a me nā mea hele wāwae.

Nānā ʻia nā kumu

  • ʻO American Geriatrics Society (AGS) a me National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, United States): Ke alakaʻi a ke kauka no ka loiloi a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea hoʻokele kahiko (4th Edition).
  • Hui no ka Ho'oponopono Ho'okele Ka'a (ADED, United States & Canada): Nā Kūlana Ho'oma'ama'a 'Oi loa no nā loiloi ho'okele holo'oko'a e nā loea ho'oponopono ho'okele ka'a (CDRS).
  • ʻOihana Hoʻokele Laikini Kaʻa (DVLA, United Kingdom): E loiloi i ka hoʻoikaika kino e hoʻokele: He alakaʻi no nā ʻoihana Lapaʻau: Neurological and Cognitive Disorders.
  • Alzheimer's Association (United States): Dementia and Driving Safety Resource Center and Family Intervention Protocols.
  • Austrroads a me National Transport Commission (Australia): Ka helu ʻana i ka pono no ka hoʻokele kaʻa no nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa a me nā kaʻa pilikino.

Nā alakaʻi pili