ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe lole lole ʻoihana ʻo Spin-Basket Entanglement a me ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ka hao hao papa hana hoʻopakele.¶

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, hōkele, halemai, a me nā hale holoi hale paʻahao i ʻekolu papa o nā mīkini ʻoihana e hui pū ana i ka inertia rotational nui, multi-ton pneumatic a hydraulic clamping pressure, a me ka ikehu wela loa: high-speed centrifugal washer-extractors, heated calender flatwork ironers (mangles), a me **pneumatic aahu. I ka wā e wili ai ka mea holoi lole ʻoihana i ka 50-a-400-kilogram (110-a-880-pauna) haawe olonā pulu ma 600 a i 1,200 mau kipi i kēlā me kēia minuke (rpm) no ka unuhi ʻana i ka wai ma 200 a 400 G-force, ʻo ia ka nui o nā hale kūʻai pahu kine kine kine. Inā hāʻule ka hoʻololi hoʻololi hoʻopalekana electro-mechanical o ka puka hoʻouka, kāʻalo ʻia me ka lipine a i ʻole ka uwea lele, a wehe ʻia i ka wā e holo ana ka pahu i lalo, a komo ka mea hana i loko e huki i nā ʻāpana moe wili, hopu ka lole olonā i ko lākou lima a haehae i ka lima mai ka poʻohiwi (traumatic forequarter a transhumeral draging avulsion) emi iho malalo o 0.2 kekona.

ʻO ka pōʻino like me ka puʻi wela wela ("puʻi wela" a i ʻole ʻeha kalender roller) i loko o kahi ** hao paʻa paʻa** a i ʻole ** kaomi holoi pneumatic **. Huki nā mea hao palahalaha ʻoihana i nā ʻāpana moe a me nā pākaukau ma waena o nā wili kila kaumaha a me nā pahu i hoʻomehana ʻia i ka mahu, i hoʻomehana ʻia ke kinoea, a i ʻole ka ʻaila wela e holo ana ma 160 a 200 degere Celsius (320 a 392 degere Fahrenheit). Inā ʻoi aʻe ka manamana lima o ka mea hoʻohana ma lalo o kahi ** panic-guard panic bar i kuhi hewa ʻole, e huki nā kāʻei hānai a me ka pahu kila wela i ka lima a me ka lima i loko o ka piko i ka wā e kuke ai i ka ʻili i ʻoki ʻia, nā aʻa, a me ka iwi ma kahi o 200 degere Celsius. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka pā ʻana i ka pahu huakaʻi kiaʻi manamana lima ākea a hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi roller MAMUA o ka huki ʻana i ka lima i paʻa i hope, pehea e wāwahi ai a laka i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe centrifuge kahakai, a pehea e hoʻomaʻalili ai i ka ʻeha lima thermal-crush i hui pū ʻia e hoʻopakele i nā ola a me nā lima. E nana helu pilikia, mea ʻoki ʻiʻo pāʻoihana, mea hui palaoa, a me nā mīkini hale ʻai, ʻoki ʻoki a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lālā i ʻoki ʻia, a kuni.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. **E paʻi koke i ke pihi hoʻomaha hoʻopaʻapaʻa holoʻokoʻa i mua (ka pahu kiaʻi manamana lima) a i ʻole ke kaomi koke ʻana i ke pihi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula Emergency Stop (E-Stop) inā e huki ʻia ka lima o ka mea hana i loko o kahi hao paʻa pāpaʻa a i ʻole ma lalo o kahi kaomi mahu pneumatic. ʻO ka huki ʻana i ka lima i moʻa, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ma kahi kikoʻī paʻa e wehe i ka ʻili a me nā ʻili a pau mai nā iwi (thermal degloving).
2. E hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi mīkini, pneumatic, a i ʻole hydraulic hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka huila hao wela a i ʻole ke poʻo paʻi mahu i laila e hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia ka metala wela mai ka lima o ka mea i pepehi ʻia i loko o kekona. ʻO kēlā me kēia kekona o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka 180-degere-Celsius (356-degree-Fahrenheit) hoʻololi ka pahu kila i ka manamana lima piha-mānoanoa hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia. ʻoki ʻoki:
3. Ma ka Mea Hao Paha: E ho'ā i ka **hoihoi wili aʻe / hoʻokiʻekiʻe canopy **, wehe i ka pneumatic air-dump valve, a i ʻole e hopu i ka manual emergency hand-crank / lever ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka ʻōwili paʻi paʻi mai ka pahu mahu/gasua wela a hoʻohuli lima i ka ʻōwili i hope.
4. Ma ka Pa'i Mokumahu Pneumatic: E pa'i i ka ho'oku'u po'o pālua-lua / E-Stop ulaula a i 'ole e huki i ka **wiwi ho'ohehe'e ea i ho'opa'a lima ma ka pahu pneumatic hope e wehe i ka punawai o luna; inā ua haki ka punawai hoʻi, e wehe koke i ka ʻeke o luna me ka ʻōpala a i ʻole ka lāʻau 2x4.
5. **Inā loaʻa ka lima a kino paha o ka mea hana i loko o ka mea ʻokiʻoki wiliwili a i ʻole ka mea hoʻomaloʻo ʻoihana, e kī i ka E-Stop ʻulaʻula a wehe i ka mea hoʻopau uila o ka paia nui, a laila e kali i ka pau ʻana o ka pahu ma mua o ka komo ʻana i loko. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i kahi pepa pulu i loko o ka pahu kahakai e hoʻopili i kou lima ponoʻī i loko o ka mīkini.
6. **E kelepona i kāu helu ulia pōpilikia kūloko (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ka European Union, 999 ma United Kingdom) a hōʻike i kahi "High-speed commercial laundry centrifuge amputation/entrapment" a i ʻole he "Heated industrial ironer thermal crush-burn entrapment." nānā helu pilikia.
7. **No ka ʻoki ʻana i ka centrifuge avulsion me ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, e hoʻopili i kahi huakaʻi makani 5 a 7 kenimika (2 a 3 ʻīniha) ma luna o ke kumu ʻoki koke, a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ke kumu poʻohiwi (axilla) me ka hemostatic a i ʻole ka gauze sterile a hoʻopaʻa pono i ke kaomi pono ʻelua ʻelua inā ua ʻeha ka lima no ka hoʻomaha maikaʻi ʻana. ma kahi ʻeke slurry wai hau; ike kahe koko a ʻoki ʻoki a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lālā i ʻoki ʻia.
8. ** Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lima a i ʻole ka lima mai kahi hao palahalaha wela a i ʻole kaomi ʻana i ka mahu, e hoʻoinu koke i ka lālā i puhi ʻia a paʻi ʻia me ka wai paila maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe (15 a 20 degere Celsius / 59 a 68 degere Fahrenheit) no 20 mau minuke ʻoiai e wehe ana i nā apo a i ʻole nā wati ma nā manamana lima ʻaʻole i puhi ʻia. vasoconstriction e hoʻopau ana i ka ʻiʻo ischemic borderline.

Ka lāʻau hoʻoholo: ka mea hoʻoheheʻe lole lole, ka hao paʻa, a me ka hoʻopakele paʻi mahu¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Mekini Holoi Kalepa no ka pilikia"] --> Machine{"He aha ke ʻano o ka mīkini holoi lole?"}
    Machine -->|"Washer-Extractor / Centrifuge Spin Basket Entanglement"| Extractor["1. E paʻi i ka ʻulaʻula E-Stop a hoʻoheheʻe i ka paia o ka uwila OFF; 2. MAI komo lima ole i ka pahu wili a i ole i ke kahakai; 3. E kali no ka dynamic/friction brake e hooki loa i ka hīnaʻi; 4. E hoʻopili i ka tourniquet a i ʻole junctional axillary ʻeha hoʻopaʻa ʻana no ka lima ʻāwīwī; 5. E mālama i nā lālā i ʻoki ʻia i loko o ke kāwele wai ma loko o ka ʻeke plastik ma ka wai hau"]
    Machine -->|"Mea Haʻa Paʻa Paʻa Pumehana (Kāleʻa Kalana) Huki-Ma loko"| Ironer["1. Paʻi piha-ākea mua manamana lima- kiai panic bar & pa E-Stop; 2. MAI uhuki i ka lima i paa i hope ma ka lae nip; 3. E hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi pneumatic/spring roller a i ʻole crank manual handwheel no ka hāpai ʻana i ka ʻōwili mai ka umauma wela 180 C (356 F) koke; 4. Hoʻomāʻaʻa ma lalo o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe e holo ana no 20 mau minuke"]
    Machine -->|"ʻAʻahu Pneumatic / Linen Steam Press Head Pinning"| SteamPress["1. E kaomi koke i ke pihi hoʻokuʻu poʻo E-Stop / pilikia; 2. Inā kū ke po'o i lalo, e ho'oku'u i ka valve cylinder ea ma hope o ka pa'i; 3. E ʻohi i luna me ka pā wela a wehe ʻia; 4. Hoʻolili i ka mahu hui ʻia/contact crush-burn me ka wai kahe e holo ana no 20 mau minuke"]
    Machine -->|"Washer Tunnel ʻOihana Holoi i loko / Holoi ʻOi"| Tunnel["1. E paʻi i ka E-Stop a hoʻopaʻa i ka mahu nui, ke kinoea, a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu uila; 2. E wehe i nā puka puka e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka mahu a me ka ea wela; 3. Wehe i ka mea hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka protocol Confined Space a mālama no ka hahau wela / scalds"]
    Extractor --> EMS["Kāhea iā 911 / 112 / 999 no ka Papa 1 Trauma, Hoʻoulu Lima, a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ke kikowaena Burn Center."]
    Ironer --> EMS
    SteamPress --> EMS
    Tunnel --> EMS

ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe holoi ʻoihana a me nā pōʻino centrifugal hydro-extractor¶

No ke aha e hana ai ka wili lole pulu e like me ka winch kiʻekiʻe¶

Ma nā hale holoi ʻoihana, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka wai mai nā ʻāpana holoi, nā kāwele, a me nā ʻaʻahu ma loko o kahi holo-holo-holo-kiʻekiʻe i hui pū ʻia a i ʻole i loko o kahi pahu hoʻouka kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolaʻa ʻia centrifugal hydro-extractor ("spinner"). I ka wā o ka pōʻai milo ʻokiʻoki, e hoʻohuli ʻia ka hīnaʻi hao kuhili ʻole ma 600 a 1,200 rpm.

ʻElua mau waiwai kino e make ai ka hīnaʻi lole wili ke loaʻa ma mua o ka pau ʻana (zero-speed state):

1. Ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka lōʻihi o ke kahakai: ʻO ke kaumaha o ka pāpaʻi pulupulu pulu paona 100 a 400 kilokani (220 a 880 paona) i hamo ʻia i ka ʻapo o waho o kahi pahu kila kila nui, e hana ana me he huila lele nui. Inā pau a hāʻule paha ka pahu uila uila a i ʻole ka pau ʻole o ka pahu, e wili malie ka pahu me ka inertia maʻemaʻe no 2 a 5 mau minuke ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka manawa pōʻai.
2. Laka paʻa o ka lole pulu wili: ʻO ka pulupulu pulu a i ʻole nā ​​pepa moe polyester-blend i wili pū ʻia ma 300 G-force ka ikaika nahā o he mau tausani kilokani. I ka wehe ʻana o ka mea hana hoʻomanawanui ʻole i ka puka holoi holoi ʻo kona zero-speed interlock switch i haki a ʻalo ʻia a hiki i ka huki ʻana i kahi kihi o kahi ʻāpana ʻoiai e huli mau ana ka pahu ma ke 60 a i 100 rpm, ua uhi paʻa ka pepa pulu i ko lākou lima a me ka poʻo e like me ka puʻupuʻu constrictor. I loko o kahi hapa o ke kekona, ua wili ka pūʻali kaʻa i ka lima a puni ke koʻikoʻi waena, e hōʻeha ai i ka spiral comminuted fracture o ka radius, ulna, a me humerus i ukali ʻia e ka holo avulsion amputation ma ke kuʻekuʻe a i ʻole ke kumu poʻohiwi, a i ʻole ka huki ʻana i ke poʻo o ka mea hana a me ke kino o luna ma o ke kiʻi puka pōʻai.

Nā kūlana paʻa palekana palekana (OSHA 1910.264, ANSI L1.1, & EN ISO 10472)¶

Ma lalo o OSHA 29 CFR 1910.264©(1) & (2), ANSI Z8.1 / L1.1, UK HSE Laundry Guidance, a me European Standard EN ISO 10472-2, pono e hoʻolako ʻia kēlā me kēia mīkini holoi a me ka centrifugal me:

• Ka pani puka electromechanical hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia a me ka ʻenekini holo wikiwiki ʻole: Pono e pale kino ʻia ka puka hoʻouka ʻana a i ʻole ka poʻi o luna mai ka wehe ʻana i ka wā e kaʻa ana ka hīnaʻi o loko, a pono e pale ʻia ke kaʻa kaʻa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka wā e wehe ana ka puka. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole lawa ka laka manawa maʻalahi inā hāʻule ka pahu; Pono nā kūlana palekana o kēia wā i ka lotation-sensing (zero-speed) laka e paʻa ai ka solenoid puka a hiki i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka huli ʻana i ka hīnaʻi ma 0 rpm.
• Ka hōʻoia pili i kēlā me kēia lā: Inā hiki ke huki ʻia kekahi puka holoi holoi a mea holoi maloʻo paha i ka wā e huli ana ka pahu, pono e pani koke i ka mīkini a paʻa i waho o ka lawelawe (Lockout/Tagout) a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻana e ke ʻenehana loea.

ʻO ka hao paʻa paʻa (kalender roller) nā ʻeha huki a me nā ʻeha wela¶

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka mea hao palahalaha i ka ʻeha hui pū ʻia me ke ahi¶

ʻO ka mea hao palahalaha (kalender a mangle) e hao i nā ʻili moe pulu, nā uhi uluna, a me nā pākaukau ma ka wikiwiki o 5 a 50 mau mika i kēlā me kēia minuke (15 a 165 kapuaʻi i kēlā me kēia minuke). Ma muli o ka hoʻolālā, hoʻohana ʻia ia:

• Ka hao ʻano pahu (Roll-and-Chest): Hoʻokahi a ʻehā mau mea hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻia ** nā ʻōwili kaomi ** (i ʻōwili ʻia i ka Nomex/aramid feel a me nā punawai pale wela) e kaomi i ka lole lole pulu i lalo me nā tausani hou o ka pneumatic a i ʻole ka ikaika puna mechanical i loko o ke kila pohihihi, concave ** umauma wela (moe)** i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i loko (** 8-bar i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko (** 1 bar kiʻekiʻe) 190 psi**), aila wela, a i ʻole nā mea puhi kinoea i 160 a 200 degere Celsius (320 a 392 degere Fahrenheit).
• Ka hao-ʻano (Return-Ribbon) Mea hao: Canvas a i ʻole Nomex ** nā lipine hānai (nā kāʻei)** e lawe i ke olonā a puni kahi puʻu kila wela nui (160 a 190 degere Celsius).

Ke hānai ka mea hoʻohana i ka ʻaoʻao poʻokela o kahi ʻāpana pulu mūmū ma luna o nā kāʻei hānai ʻai, hiki i ko lākou manamana lima ke hopu ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana lole pulu a i ʻole ʻia i kahi lipine hānai ʻai. Inā hoʻonohonoho kiʻekiʻe loa ka paʻa manamana lima palekana mua ma ka ʻāʻī komo (ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 a 12 millimeters ma luna o ke kāʻei), paʻa me ka lint, a i ʻole he microswitch hemahema, huki pololei ʻia nā manamana lima, lima, a me ka lima o ka mea hoʻohana i loko o ka in-running nip point ma waena o ka pihi kaomi a me ka -Celsius-greede. (356-degere-Fahrenheit) pahu kila.

No ke aha i ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka "Thermal Crush" ma mua o kahi kuni maʻalahi a i ʻole kahi ʻōpala maʻalahi¶

Hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe kauā lima i kahi mea hao paʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wela wela ma ke ʻano he ʻeha ʻeha wela i hui pū ʻia, kekahi o nā ʻeha hope loa o luna i ka lāʻau lapaʻau:

1. ** ʻO ka hoʻoemi ʻana i ka mīkini a me ka hoʻoili wela hoʻoneʻe hohonu:** ʻO ke ahi uila maʻamau a i ʻole ke kuni hoʻopili pōkole e pili wale i ka epidermis o waho no ka huki ʻana o ke kanaka i kona lima i 0.2 kekona. I loko o ka hao palahalaha a i ʻole ka mīkini mahu, paʻa ka lima o ka huila pneumatic i ka lima i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o haneri kilokani o ke kaomi pono ʻana i ke kila 180-degere-Celsius. Hoʻopiʻi ke kaomi mechanical i ke kahe koko pale a pau mai loko mai o nā capillaries ʻili (e lawe mau i ka wela) a palahalaha i ka lima i ka hapalua o kona mānoanoa, e lawe pololei ana i ka wela make ma o ka ʻili hope, nā ʻāʻī extensor, nā capsule hui, nā iwi metacarpal, a me nā pūpū neurovascular palmar i loko o 5 a 15 kekona.
2. Compartment syndrome ma lalo o ka inelastic leather eschar: Hoʻopili ka wela i ka ʻili o ka lima i loko o ka ʻili ʻili paʻa ʻole (ʻekolu-degere eschar), aʻo ka ʻūhā mechanical e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻiʻo nui o loko a me ka pehu ʻiʻo i loko o nā keʻena paʻa o ka lima a me ka lima. Me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻia ʻana o ke kaʻi wikiwiki (escharotomy a me fasciotomy), hoʻopau ke kaomi o loko i nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻiʻo aʻalolo i ola i ka wela mua.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu mai kahi hao paʻa paʻa wela (MAʻA ʻole e huki i hope)¶

I kēlā me kēia kekona, paʻa ka lima o ka mea i pepehi ʻia i ka pahu hao 180-degere-Celsius e hoʻopau i nā papa hohonu o ka tendon a me ka iwi. Pono nā mea hoʻopakele e hana i loko ma lalo o 15 kekona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia kaʻina mīkini pololei:

1. E paʻi i ka pahu kiaʻi manamana lima ākea ākea a paʻi i ke pihi E-Stop ʻulaʻula:
2. Ma luna o nā hao hoʻopono o kēia wā (OSHA 1910.264©(3) / EN ISO 10472-5), ke kuʻi ʻana i ka pahu kiaʻi manamana lima mua a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana i ka E-Stop ua hoʻolālā ʻia e ʻoki ʻoki i ka mana kaʻa a hoʻokuʻu i ka cylinder pneumatic no laila e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka wili kaumaha ** 5 a 10 mau kenimika i lalo o ka umauma (2 a 4 mau kenimika i lalo) (2 a 4 paha kenimika i lalo o ka umauma)
3. Inā ʻaʻole e piʻi ʻakomi ka ʻōwili, e hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi ʻōwili me ka lima koke:
4. ** MAI hopu i ka kuʻekuʻe lima o ka mea i pepehi ʻia a huki i ko lākou lima i hope** oiai e pipili mau ana ka wili paʻi ma ko lākou lima; e wehe aʻe ʻoe i ka ʻili a me nā ʻili i hoʻomoʻa ʻia mai nā manamana lima.
5. Ma nā mea hao pneumatic-lift: E ʻimi i ka manual air-bleed / dump valve ma ka pneumatic cylinder house ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mīkini (aiʻole e ʻoki/ʻoki i ka paipu lako i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ea e hānai ana i ke awa haʻahaʻa ma hope o ka pani ʻana i ka valve ea nui) no laila e hāpai a hoʻokuʻu paha ka huila.
6. Ma nā mea hao mīkini / pūnāwai a i ʻole nā ​​mea hao: E hopu i ka manu hoʻolaʻa lima lima lima (wheel) i mālama ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka hao, e hoʻokomo ma luna o ke kumu hoʻokiʻekiʻe wili, a kaomi i ka roller/canopy UP mai ka umauma wela, a laila e hoʻohana i ke kumu hoʻokele manual e ** hoʻohuli i ka huila i hope** e ʻōwili mālie ai i ka lima.
7. E ninini i ka wai maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe ma luna o ka lima i paʻa WALE inā lohi ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana A ʻo ka mea hao i hoʻomehana ʻia i ka mahu (ʻAʻole ka aila wela a i ʻole ka uila i ʻike ʻia):
8. Inā paʻa ka lima ma mua o 30 kekona e pili ana i ka pahu pumehana i ka wā e hoʻopio ana nā hoa hana i ka huila i luna, e ninini pono i ka wai piʻi maʻemaʻe ma luna o ka lima i paʻa a kōkua ka huila e komo i ka wela.
9. ** ʻŌlelo Aʻo:** Mai ninini i ka wai ma luna o ka mea hao i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ʻaila wela wela (fluid heat transfer) inā e kahe ka paipu aila, a e hoʻokaʻawale mua i ka mana uila.

Pneumatic holoi mahu mīkini paʻi kuʻi-burn hoʻopakele¶

Hoʻohana nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe kalepa a me nā lole lole ʻaʻahu hokele/maʻi maʻi i ** nā kaomi pono pneumatic scissor-action, kaomi pālule, a me nā kaomi kola/cuff**. ʻO ke poʻo metala luna piko (luna ʻeke), i hoʻomehana ʻia e ka mahu kaomi kiʻekiʻe o loko a hiki i 150 a 180 degere Celsius (300 a 356 degere Fahrenheit), e paʻi ana i lalo ma luna o kahi ʻeke haʻahaʻa i hoʻohenehene ʻia e ka pahu hau paʻi ma 5 a 7 bar (70 a 100 psi).

ʻOiai pono e loaʻa i nā kī ** ʻelua mau lima pihi pihi** (koi i ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻohana i nā lima ʻelua ma nā pihi ma waho o ka wahi paʻi a pani ke poʻo), hiki pinepine nā ʻeha ke:

• Hoʻopili ka mea hoʻohana i ka lāʻau, ke kaumaha, a i ʻole ka lipine no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i hoʻokahi pihi i lalo i hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kahi pālule me ko lākou lima manuahi a kaomi i ke pihi i koe.
• Hoʻohana pū nā mea hana ʻelua i kahi paʻi me ka ʻike ʻole e paʻi ana kekahi i nā pihi pani.
• Paʻa ke kīpē solenoid pneumatic a i ʻole ka pūnāwai hoʻihoʻi counterbalance e paʻi, e hoʻokuʻi koke ʻia ana ka pahu wela wela 50-kilogram (110-pauna) i lalo me ka manaʻo ʻole i ka lima o ka mea hana.

Nā hana hoʻopakele koke no ka paʻi ʻana o ka mīkini mahu:

1. E kaomi i ke pihi ʻulaʻula Release / Emergency Open ma ka console control koke.
2. Inā paʻa ka pahu o luna ma ka lima: E nānā i ke kia hope o ka paʻi, e pani i ka wiwili hāʻawi ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a huki i ka manual exhaust relief apo (a i ʻole e wehe i ka paipu ea e pili ana i ka pahu pani) e hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi ea e paʻa ana ke poʻo i lalo.
3. E hoʻokiʻekiʻe a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻeke wela wela: No ka mea he pūnāwai-counterbalanced ka pahu o luna, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka pahu hau e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuke pololei i ke poʻo i luna e kona lima i hoʻopaʻa ʻia; inā ua haki ka pūnāwai hoʻi, e wili i kahi pā kila a i ʻole lāʻau 2x4 ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻaoʻao o luna e hāpai koke ia mai ka lima o ka mea i pepehi ʻia.

ʻO ke kōkua mua no ka hui ʻana i nā ʻeha holoi holoi wela a me centrifuge¶

1. Hoʻomaʻalili koke a mālama ʻia i ka ʻeha no ka hao palahalaha a me ke ahi kaomi mahu¶

I ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka lima a i ʻole ka poʻo mai ka hao hao a i ʻole ka pahu pahu mahu:

1. E hoʻohāinu me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻoluʻolu (15 a 20 C / 59 a 68 F) no 20 mau minuke piha:
2. ʻO nā ʻiʻo hohonu i ʻoki ʻia i ka metala 180-degere-Celsius e mālama i ka wela huna e hoʻomau i ka kuke ʻana i nā ʻuʻu a me nā aʻalolo no kekahi mau minuke ma hope o ka wehe ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wai wai he 20 mau minuke e hoʻopau i ka holomua wela a hoʻemi i ka edema; ike kuni.
3. Mai hoʻohana i ka hau a i ʻole ka wai hau, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka vasoconstriction koʻikoʻi a hoʻonui i ka necrosis ʻiʻo i loko o ka lima ʻeha.
4. E wehe koke i nā mea nani a me nā wati, akā MAI ʻoki i ka lole paʻa a i ʻole ka ʻili i puhi ʻia:
5. E ʻoki ʻoki i ka lole ʻaʻahu a puni ka lima, akā inā hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka lole synthetic i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka ʻili i puhi ʻia, waiho ʻia ma kahi no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a hoʻomaʻalili pono ma luna.
6. E kāʻei me ka maloʻo maloʻo me ke kāwele lāʻau lāʻau ʻole a i ʻole ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni plastik maʻemaʻe, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a hoʻokiʻekiʻe mālie i ka pae o ka naʻau:
7. Mai hoʻopaʻa paʻa i kahi kāʻei pōʻai i kahi lima wela; e hoʻonui koke ka pehu i ke kaomi compartment.
8. E lawe koke aku i ka halemai me ka ke kikowaena o ke kuni a me ka lima o ka lima, no ka mea, ua koi pinepine ia ka oki wikiwiki ** escharotomy** (e oki ana i ka opu ili i puhiia) a me fasciotomy (e wehe ana i na keena io hohonu) i loko o na hora e hoopakele ai i na manamana lima; ike ʻeha ʻeha a me ka maʻi compartment.

2. Ka mālama ʻana i ka hemorrhage no nā ʻeha avulsion centrifuge extractor¶

Ke wili a haehae ka lima ma ka forearm, kuʻe lima, a i ʻole ka poʻohiwi ka mea holoi holoi kiʻekiʻe.

1. E hoʻohana i ka ʻūhā ʻāʻī inā e waiho ʻia kahi kumu lāʻau kokoke: E kau i kahi pahu makani pāʻoihana (e like me ka CAT a i ʻole SOFTT-W) 5 a 7 kenimika (2 a 3 ʻīniha) ma luna o ka wahi waimaka ma ka lima luna a wili i ke aniani a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ke koko ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula; ike kahe koko.
2. E hoʻohana i ka Hui ʻAha ʻEha inā hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka lima ma ke kumu poʻohiwi (axilla): Inā ʻoki ʻia ka lālā ma kahi kokoke loa i ka poʻohiwi no ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi tourniquet pōʻai, e hoʻopili i nā ʻōwili hemostatic a i ʻole ka gauze sterile hohonu i loko o ka lua ʻeha axillary e kū pono ana i ke aʻaʻa axillary/subclavian me ka hoʻomau ʻana i kou kino a hiki i ke kaumaha.
3. E hoʻihoʻi i ka lālā i ʻoki ʻia mai ka pahu holoi ma hope wale nō o ka laka ʻia ʻana o ka mana a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka 0 rpm: Wehe mālie i ka lālā i ʻoki ʻia mai nā lau i wili ʻia, ʻōwili iā ia i ka gauze sterile i hoʻomoʻu ʻia me ka paʻakai, hoʻopaʻa i loko o kahi ʻeke paʻakai paʻa wai, a kau i kēlā ʻeke ma kahi 50/50 i ka hau a me ka slurry wai me ka mea maʻi; ike ʻoki ʻoki a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lālā i ʻoki ʻia.

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

Ke kelepona ʻana i nā lawelawe ulia pōpilikia no ka hoʻopaʻa lole lole ʻoihana, e hōʻike inā ʻo ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi mea hao/extractor** (e koi ana i ke ahi-Rescue extrication) a hōʻike maopopo inā aia kahi ** 180-degree-Celsius thermal crush-burn o ka lima** a i ʻole ** kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki rotational avulsion amputation**. E nana helu pilikia.

Nīnau pinepine¶

No ke aha he mea pōʻino loa ke komo ʻana i kahi mea holoi holoi ʻoihana ʻoiai ke holo mālie nei ka pahu a kū?¶

ʻO kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe lole pāʻoihana i hoʻouka ʻia me 100 a 400 kilokani (220 a 880 paona) o nā ʻili pulu e like me ka huila kila nui. ʻOiai i ka wā e pio ai ka kaʻa a ʻike ʻia ka pahu e holo mālie ana i ka 50 a 100 rpm, lawe ia i mau tausani newton-mika o ka rotational torque. Ua like ka ikaika o na pepa moe pulu i wiliia iloko o ka pahu e like me na uwea winch kila; inā ʻoe e komo i loko e huki i kahi pepa ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka hīnaʻi i kahi 0-rpm holo piha, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke olonā kaʻapuni a puni kou lima e like me ka pahele, e ʻoki ana i nā iwi o kou lima a hemo ka lima mai ke kumu poʻohiwi i kahi hapa o kekona.

No ke aha e huki ʻole ai nā mea hoʻopakele i ka lima o ka mea hana i hope mai loko mai o kahi huila hao?¶

Hoʻopaʻa ka hao hao pāpaʻa pāʻoihana i ke olonā pulu i ka pahu kila wela 160-a-200-degree-Celsius (320-a-392-degree-Fahrenheit) ma lalo o nā haneli kilokani o ka pneumatic a i ʻole ka puʻu wai puna. Ke huki ʻia ka lima i loko o ia wahi nip, e moʻa koke ka wela a hoʻonāwaliwali i ka ʻili a me ka fascia subcutaneous i ka wā e paʻi ai ka huila i nā iwi. Inā lālau ka hoa hana i ka lima o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a huki i hope i ka wā e kaomi mau ana ka huila i lalo, e hana ana ka piko paʻa e like me ka ʻōpala e wehe i nā ʻili a pau, nā aʻalolo, a me nā aʻalolo mai nā iwi o ka lima. E hoʻokuʻu mau i ke kaomi pneumatic a i ʻole mechanical roller pressure a i ʻole e kaomi mua i ka roller UP mai ka pahu wela.

He aha ka mea i ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o ka ʻeha "thermal crush" mai kahi hao holoi lole a paʻi mahu paha ma mua o ke ahi maʻamau?¶

Ma kahi wela maʻamau, huki koke ʻoe i kou lima a kōkua ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i ka dermis hohonu e hoʻopau i ka wela. I loko o ka mea hao paʻa paʻa a i ʻole ka pahu paʻi mahu, hoʻokuʻu ke kaomi mīkini koʻikoʻi i ke koko mai loko mai o nā ʻiʻo a paʻa paʻa ka lima palahalaha i ka metala 180-degere-Celsius no nā kekona he nui, e lawe pololei ana i ka wela make i loko o nā tendon hohonu, nā ʻiʻo, nā hono, a me nā aʻalolo. Ma hope iho, lilo ka ʻili o waho i ʻōpala ʻili paʻa a paʻa (eschar) a ʻo nā ʻiʻo i ʻoki ʻia i loko e pehu wikiwiki, e hana ana i ka maʻi koʻikoʻi e ʻoki ai i ke kahe koko koe ke ʻole nā ​​​​kauka e hana i ka escharotomy pilikia a me nā ʻoki fasciotomy.

Pehea wau e wehe ai i ka mīkini ʻaʻahu pneumatic inā pau ka mana a i ʻole e hāpai ka pihi hoʻokuʻu i ke poʻo wela wela?¶

Hoʻohana nā mīkini holoi holoi holoi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo i ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (5 a 7 bar / 70 a 100 psi) i loko o kahi pahu pahu hope e hoʻolei i ka pahu wela wela i lalo i nā pūnāwai counterbalance kaumaha. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā pihi hoʻokuʻu uila ke wehe i ka paʻi i ka wā e paʻi ʻia ai ka lima o ka mea hana, e hele koke i ka laina ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope a i ʻole ʻaoʻao o ka paʻi, e pani i ka pahu hoʻopaʻa ea, a huki i ke apo hoʻoheheʻe ea manual (a wehe / ʻoki i ka paipu hāʻawi ea plastik ma ka cylinder). I ka manawa e puka ai ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i waho o ka cylinder, e ʻae nā pūnāwai counterbalance iā ʻoe e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke poʻo wela wela a i ʻole e wehe ʻia me kahi pahu lāʻau.

Pono anei au e kau i ka hau ma ka lima i puhi ʻia a paʻi ʻia i loko o kahi huila holoi wela?¶

ʻAʻole, mai kau i ka hau a i ʻole ka wai anuanu ma luna o ka lima puhi a ʻeha. ʻOiai pono ʻoe e hōʻoluʻolu koke i ka lima ma lalo o ka wai piʻi maloʻo (15 a 20 degere Celsius / 59 a 68 degere Fahrenheit) no 20 mau minuke e hoʻōki i ka wela huna mai ka kuke ʻana i nā ʻiʻo hohonu, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hau ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke koko (vasospasm). I loko o ka lima i hoʻopōʻino ʻia nā kīʻaha koko e ka mīkini ʻoki ʻana a me ka coagulation wela, ʻo ka vasoconstriction i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hau e pepehi i nā ʻiʻo e ola ana i ka palena a lilo nā manamana lima.

• Hāʻawi kēia alakaʻi i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā mīkini holoi lole ʻoihana, lockout/tagout, a me ka thermal-crush first-aid protocols a ʻaʻole ia e pani i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka mea hoʻohana a i ʻole ka mālama lapaʻau ʻoihana. E noʻonoʻo e lawe i ke kōkua mua ma kahi o ka hana, mālama i ke ahi, a me ka papa hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koko ma o ke Keʻa ʻulaʻula, St John Ambulance, a i ʻole kāu ʻoihana palekana hana.*

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Mea ʻoki ʻiʻo kālepa, mea hui palaoa, a me nā mīkini hale ʻai
• ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa ʻōpala, ka bale, ke kāʻei conveyor, a me ka hoʻopakele paʻa paʻi ʻoihana
• ʻO ka ʻoki a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lālā i ʻoki ʻia
• ʻeha ʻeha a me ka maʻi compartment
• Puhi

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• ʻO ka ʻoihana palekana a me ke ola kino (OSHA, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa): *29 CFR 1910.264 Nā Mekini Laundry a me nā Hana * a me 29 CFR 1910.147 Manaʻo o ka ʻEhu Pilikia (Lockout/Tagout)
• International Organization for Standardization & CEN: EN ISO 10472-1 a i 10472-6 Nā Koina Palekana no nā Mīkini Laulima ʻOihana (Nā Mīkini Holoi, Nā Mea Hoʻoheheʻe, Nā Mea hao Paha, a me nā Paʻi Paʻi)
• Luna Hoʻokele Ola a me Palekana (HSE, United Kingdom): Ka palekana i loko o nā hale holoi holoi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo (Alakaʻi no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe Centrifugal, Calenders, a me nā mea paʻi lole)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI): *ANSI/TCATA Z8.1 Nā Koina Palekana no ka Laulima Kalepa a me nā Lako Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Hoʻomaloʻo a me nā Hana *
• American Burn Association (ABA) & American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH): Clinical Management of Combined Thermal-Crush Injuries of the Upper Extremity (Hot Press Injuries)