Ke kani nei nā leo ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo waho i kēia manawa: Decoding Tornado, Tsunami, Dam-Failure, a me HazMat Siren Tones¶

I ka lohe ʻana i ka ʻō ʻana, 125-decibel leo o ke kaona Waha Hoʻolaha Siren (Civil Defense / All-Hazard Siren) wili a puni kou kaiāulu - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana o ka lani, ke kipa aku ʻoe i ke kūlanakauhale ʻike ʻole, a i ʻole ma 2:00 AM ke ala ʻoe me ka ʻole - hoʻoulu i ka nalu koke o ka adrenaline a me ka huikau: * "Ke pā mai nei ka puahiohio i kēia manawa? A i ʻole i kēia lā ka hana maʻamau o ke kūlanakauhale i ka hola 12:00 PM ka hoʻāʻo mua o ka Pōʻakolu o ka mahina?"* Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa, a me ʻAsia-Pākīpika, he mau tausani o ka poʻe e hana i ʻelua mau hewa hiki ke make i ka wā e kani ai ke kani i waho: **(1) Hele waho i ko lākou lānai a i ʻole ka lau nahele mua e nānā pono i ka lani, a hoʻolohe i ka (12 kelepona) ka mea hoʻouna "No ke aha ke kani ʻana o nā sirens?", ka mea e hoʻopaʻa koke i kēlā me kēia laina kumu 911 ma ke kalana i ka puka aniani 3 mau minuke i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka poʻe i loko o nā hale hiolo a i ʻole ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka naʻau e hoʻāʻo nei e hiki i ka paramedics.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻenekinia acoustic a me nā kūlana pale kīwila federal ma hope o nā sirens aʻoaʻo waho (FEMA CPG 1-17 / Outdoor Warning Systems Guide a ANSI/ASA S12.14) hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi hoʻolālā hana wikiwiki a mālie 30-kekona. ʻO ka mua, ** ʻAʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia nā Sirens Warning no ka lohe maopopo ʻana i loko o kahi home insulated hou ** - he ʻano ʻano ** ʻo waho acoustic poke ** i hana ʻia me ka manaʻo ākea hoʻokahi ma kēlā me kēia kalana o ka honua: "Ke hana nei kekahi mea weliweli ma waho; E HOLO I loko koke, e pani i nā puka makani a me nā puka, a nānā i kāu kelepona kelepona.WEA), NOAA Weather Radio, a i ʻole ke keena hoʻolaha pilikia kūloko e ʻike inā e hele i ka basement (Tornado), sila i ka lumi (Chemical Plume), a i ʻole e haʻalele i kahi kiʻekiʻe (Tsunami / Dam Breach / Wildfire)."Alert / Attention" - hoʻohana ʻia no nā Tornadoes, Flash Floods, Tsunamis, a me Industrial/Nuclear Plumes), he Rising-and-Falling Undulating Wave Tone ("Attack / Wail" - hoʻohana ʻia no ka Civil Defense Air-Raid/Missile Warnings a, ma kekahi mau ala ʻoihana, acute Chemical Shelter-in-Place), a i ʻole Two-Tone Hi-Lo / Electronic Voice Broadcast (Westminster Chime + Voice PA), a me ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa a me nā kūlana lani e pili ana i nā papa hoʻāʻo maʻamau o ke kūlanakauhale, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻoweliweli ma lalo o 60 kekona.

(No ka pale ʻana i ka puahiohio, ʻike Puhiohio. No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika a i ʻole nā ​​hula hoʻoheheʻe kaʻaahi, e ʻike Pahū mea kanu kemika, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaʻaahi, a me ka sila malu ma kahi. No nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā pilikia pilikia, e ʻike ʻO ka pōʻino o ka mea kanu mana nuklea, radiation plume, a me ka potassium iodide a me ko mākou honua helu pilikia papa kuhikuhi.)

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. E hāhai i ke kānāwai o ke ao holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻōleʻa ʻāpala waho ("Hear It Outdoors -> Go Indoors -> Tune In"): E hele koke i loko o ka hale paʻa kokoke loa a ʻAʻole e kāhea iā 911 e nīnau i ke kumu o ke kani ʻana o ka siren.
2. ʻO nā kani hoʻolaha waho (Federal Signal Modulator, Thunderbolt, 2001-130, Whelen Vortex, or Hörmann ECN) aia wale nō e aʻo aku i ka poʻe ma waho (ma nā paka, nā pā, nā kahua haʻuki, nā papa kolepa, a i ʻole nā kahakai) e komo i lalo o ka hale a nānā i nā pāpaho pilikia.
3. ** ʻAʻole ʻoe e kelepona iā 911 (a i ʻole 112 / 999) e nīnau e pili ana i kahi siren** ke ʻole ʻoe e hōʻike ana i kahi ahi maoli ʻike ʻia, pilikia olakino, a i ʻole ka hiolo ʻana o ka hale (see helu pilikia).
4. ** Hana i ka "5-Second Clock & Sky Check" no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo Siren maʻamau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia (but NEVER assume it is a test if storm clouds are present)**
5. E nānā i ka minuke pololei ma kāu uaki kelepona a nānā i waho o ka pukaaniani:
   • ** ʻO ka hola 3:00 AM, 7:42 PM, a i ʻole ka ua me nā ao ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele/ʻeleʻele?NWS) a me nā rula EMA mokuʻāina, nā kaona hoʻopau ʻakomi nā hoʻāʻo siren a pau i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kēlā me kēia mahina/pule i kēlā me kēia manawa he hekili nui, wati puahiohio, a i ʻole nā ​​pūnaewele ʻino ma ia wahi no laila ʻaʻole huikau ka lehulehu.
   • O ka lani 100% polū ʻālohilohi A ʻo ka uaki e noho ana ma kahi hōʻailona hoʻāʻo ʻoi loa o ka hola a i ʻole ka hapalua hola (e like me 10:00 AM ma ka Poalua mua ma Illinois, 1:00 PM ma ka Pōʻakolu mua ma Minnesota, 12:00 PM ʻO ke awakea o ka Pōʻakolu ma Ohio/Oklahoma/Texas**, a i ʻole **11:00 AM ma Switzerland E nānā i ka pūnaewele EMA o kou kalana a i ʻole Twitter/X feed e hōʻoia i ka hoʻāʻo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, e holo maʻamau no 30 a i 180 kekona (ma mua a hahai ʻia paha e kahi kani kani a i ʻole hoʻolaha leo o Westminster: "He hōʻike kēia").
6. ** Wehe i kāu kelepona a nānā i ʻekolu mau ala koke i 15 kekona e ʻike i ka pōʻino pololei (Tornado vs. Chemical Plume vs. Tsunami / Dam Failure:**
7. Kānela A - Nā ʻōlelo hoʻolaha ulia pōpilikia (WEA / Emergency Alerts Moʻolelo Hoʻolaha): Huki i ke kikowaena hoʻolaha o kāu kelepona. Inā ua hoʻopuka ʻia kahi ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana i ka makani ʻino, ʻo ka pilikia o ke kaiapuni ʻana, ka hale hoʻomalu o HazMat, a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana i ke kai eʻe, FEMA IPAWS (Integrated Public Alert and Warning System) hoʻokuʻu pololei i ka hae hoʻolele kelepona hele-ʻole i kēlā me kēia kelepona i loko o ka polygon.
8. Kanela B - NOAA Weather Radio (162.400 to 162.550 MHz ma US/Kanada) a i ʻole Ka Nūhou FM/TV Kaila Live Stream: E hoʻā i kāu NOAA Weather Radio a i ʻole e wehe i ke kahawai radar ola o kāu keʻena kīwī kūloko (local meteorologists go wall-to-wall live on air within 10 seconds of any real tornado or HazMat siren activation).
9. Kānela C - Nānā makani a me ka ʻoihana pili (If You Live Within 16 km / 10 miles of a Refinery, Chemical Plant, Nuclear Station, Coastline, or Dam): Inā ʻoluʻolu ka lani a ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka lā ma ka radar, pani koke i nā puka makani, nā puka o waho, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kapuahi, a hoʻopau i kāu peʻahi HVAC / air-conditioner waena (preventing outdoor air from being pulled inside) ʻoiai ʻoe e nānā inā he hale hana Shelter-in-Place (SIP) makaʻala a i ʻole ke kauoha Dam/Tsunami Evacuation ke hana nei.
10. E hoʻohālikelike i kou kūlana pale i loko o ka pōʻino i hōʻoia ʻia (Basement vs. Upstairs Sealed Room vs. High Ground:
11. Inā ʻōlelo ʻo Tornado / Hoʻopau i nā makani laina pololei (130+ km/h / 80+ mph): E hele i ka papaha haʻahaʻa loa (basement, storm cellar, or interior ground-floor bathroom/closet away from windows) a uhi i kou poʻo me ka moena, ka mahiole kaʻa, a i ʻole nā pākeʻe kaumaha.
12. Inā mea kanu kemika, mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a i ʻole kaʻaahi HazMat Plume (Shelter-in-Place): E hele i kahi lumi i loko o ka papahele ʻelua a i ʻole ka papahele o lalo (ʻAʻole he hale lalo, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o nā kinoea chlorine, amonia, phosgene, a me ka hydrogen sulfide ma mua o ka ea a komo i loko o nā haʻahaʻa), e pani i ka HVAC, a hoʻopaʻa i nā māwae puka / puka makani me ka lipine a me nā kāwele pulu.
13. Inā ʻōlelo aʻo ʻo Tsunami, Lahar, a i ʻole Upstream Dam-Failure Siren (ma kahi kahakai a i ʻole River Valley): ** MAI noho i loko o kou hale** - hopu i kāu mau kī a hele wāwae a ma ke kaʻa ** piʻi koke i kahi kiʻekiʻe (at least 30 meters / 100 feet above sea level or 3 kilometers / 2 miles inland)**.

Ka lāʻau hoʻoholo: Hoʻololi i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o waho ma lalo o 60 kekona¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Hoʻomaka ke kani ʻana o ka ʻāpala ʻōlelo ma waho i kou wahi i kēia manawa"] --> GoInside["KaʻAnuʻu 1 (0-15 Sec): E HOLO I loko koke (Mai Kū i waho e nānā i ka Lani & Mai Kāhea iā 911 e nīnau i ke kumu)"]

    GoInside --> SkyTimeCheck{"KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2: E nānā i ka lani a me ka uaki: ʻo ka Sky Clear Blue ma kahi i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia mahina/wiki hoʻāʻo minuke (e laʻa."}

    SkyTimeCheck -->|"ʻAʻole: Ka Lani ʻino, ka pō, ka hola ʻole, a i ʻole ka maopopo ʻole"| CheckWEA["KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3: E nānā i nā leka uila no ka pilikia (WEA), NOAA Weather Radio, a me ka TV Live Live Radar koke."]

    SkyTimeCheck -->|"ʻAe: Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Blue Sky ma ka hola hoʻāʻo pololei"| VerifyTest["E hoʻolohe no 60 Sec (Westminster Chime / 'This Is a Test' Voice PA) a hōʻoia ma ka County EMA Feed"]

    CheckWEA --> HazardMatch{"KaʻAnuʻu Hana 4: ʻO wai ka pōʻino pilikia a me ke ʻano leo Siren e hana nei?"}

    HazardMatch -->|"1. Puhiohio / Makani ʻino (130+ km/h) + Leo Makaʻala 3-Min."| TornadoShelter["TORNADO POSTURE: E hele i lalo a i ʻole ka lumi haʻahaʻa o loko o ka puka makani ʻole; Pale Poʻo & ʻAi"]

    HazardMatch -->|"2. Kemika / Refinery / Nukelea EPZ Plume (Lani Maʻemaʻe + Siren Hana Hana / Wail a i ʻole Hi-Lo)"| ChemShelter["HAZMAT SHELTER-IN-PACE: E pani i nā puka makani, e hoʻopau i ka HVAC/AC, e sila i kahi lumi o loko o luna o ka honua (hōʻalo i nā hale lalo no ke kinoea kaumaha)"]

    HazardMatch -->|"3. Ka ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi Moku Kai / Kaha Wai ʻAi / Lahar (Wail + Voice PA 'Evacuate')"| EvacHigh["HELE KELE KĀWAI / HIGH-GROUND EVACUATION: Mai Noho i ka Home Haʻahaʻa -> Neʻe i uka (30m+ / 100ft+) koke."]

    HazardMatch -->|"4. ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a me ka hāʻule ʻana / ka uē ʻana i ka ea (Civil Defense Emergency)"| BlastShelter["CIVIL DEFENSE / BLAST POSTURE: E neʻe i lalo i lalo o lalo o ka honua a i ʻole ke kumu paʻa; Mākaʻikaʻi i ka hoʻolaha hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ʻāina"]

Māhele 1: Papa hoʻoheheʻe leo leo: he aha ke ʻano o nā kani siren a me nā cadences (FEMA CPG 1-17 & International Standards)¶

Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā pū kani waho o kēia manawa i kahi ** mīkini ʻoki ʻoki (producing a pure 400 to 600 Hz acoustic horn blast)** a i ʻole kahi omni-directional leo uila uila (Federal Signal Modulator / Whelen WPS hiki ke hoʻolaha i nā leo synthetic ʻelua a me nā kauoha leo ʻōlelo hoʻomaopopo kiʻekiʻe).

Nā hiʻohiʻona leo Siren e hoʻolaha i waho o ka honua a me ka ʻāina¶

Māhele 2: ʻO nā mea 4 e hoʻoulu maoli i nā kani o kou kūlanakauhale (It isn't just tornadoes)¶

ʻOiai ma ka American Midwest ("Tornado Alley") a me ka Hikina Hema ("Dixie Alley"), ua hoʻonui nā luna hoʻomalu i kā lākou mau kulekele hoʻōla siren i nā makahiki i hala aku nei mai "Tornado-Only" i **"All-Hazard Outdoor Warning Systems."

1. Ka Makani Ko'iko'i: Nā 'Ōlelo Puhihiohio A me "Nā 'Ōlelo A'oa'o Hekili Nui" (>= 130 km/h / 80 mph Winds a i ʻole >= 7 cm / 2.75 in Baseball Hail)¶

• No ke aha e kani ai nā Sirens inā ʻaʻohe puahiohio: Mai ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōlelo aʻo hekili koʻikoʻi i ʻekolu papa: Base, Considerable, a me Destructive (winds >= 130 km/h / 80 mph - e like me ka puahiohio EF0/EF1 a i ʻole laina pololei Derecho / Microburst - a i ʻole hail >= 7 cm / 2.75 inches anawaena).
• No ka mea, he 80 to 100 mph (130 to 160 km/h) ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ka laina pololei e hoʻopaʻa i nā lāʻau ʻoka nunui ma luna o nā hale lole, nā kaʻa, a me nā hale e like me ka ikaika e like me ka puahiohio, ** ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana hoʻokele pilikia o ke kalana i kēia manawa ke kani nei i kā lākou mau leo ​​ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma waho no nā ʻōlelo aʻo ʻelua a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hōʻino ʻia-Tag Severe Thunderstorm **.
• Polygon vs. County-Wide Activation: ʻO nā ʻupena kani kani kahiko ** kani ʻia kēlā me kēia siren ma ke kalana holoʻokoʻa** i kēlā me kēia manawa e pā ka poligono puahiohio i hoʻokahi kihi o ke kalana. ʻO GPS/Polygon-Targeted Siren Systems (such as Federal Signal Commander) puhi 'akomi wale i nā pū kani kiko'ī i loa'a i loko o ka polygon ho'olaha ho'olaha 'ula'ula o ka National Weather Service.

2. ʻOihana Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Petrochemical a me nā mea kanu kemika CAER kani (Shelter-in-Place Zones)¶

• Inā noho ʻoe ma kahi kokoke i kahi hale hoʻoheheʻe aila nui, hale hana kemika, hale mālama wai chlorine, a i ʻole mea kanu ammonia anhydrous (such as Pasadena/Deer Park/Baytown TX, Lake Charles/Baton Rouge LA, Sarnia ON, Grangemouth UK, or Ludwigshafen Germany), ʻo nā sirens i kau ʻia ma ke ala nui a me ka pā mea kanu ʻo ** Ka ʻike kaiāulu a me ka pane ʻana i ka pilikia (CAER) Siren**.
• I ka wā ʻoihana CAER kani kani (ma waho o kāna manawa hoʻāʻo o kēlā me kēia pule, e like me La Pōʻakahi ma 12:00 PM ma Sarnia a i ʻole ** Pōʻakolu ma 11:00 AM / 12:00 PM ma Texas Gulf Coast**), ʻo ia hoʻi ** ʻAʻole e kau i kāu kaʻa e hoʻokele i ke ao kemika** - kauoha iā ʻoe e hoʻokō i ka 4-Step "PhellaceterGo In, Stay In, Tune In)" protocol:
• E hele koke i loko o ka hale kokoke loa a lawe mai i nā holoholona i loko;
• E hoʻopaʻa i nā puka a pau, e pani i nā puka makani, a e pani i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ahi;
• E HOPE i na ea ea a pau, na umu ahi, na pauma wela, na pehi hookui hale lole, a me na mea maloo lole i oki ai kou hale i ka omo ana i ka ea o waho o loko; a
• E nānā i kāu kaiāulu CAER / E-Notify App a i ʻole ke kahua lekiō pilikia (see Pahū mea kanu kemika, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaʻaahi, a me ka sila malu ma kahi).

3. Mea Mana Nukelea 16-Kilometer (10-Mile) Plume Exposure Pathway EPZ Sirens¶

• Ma lalo o U.S. Komisina Hooponopono Nukelea (NRC) a me nā hoʻoponopono FEMA (NUREG-0654 / FEMA-REP-1), mālama ʻia kēlā me kēia hale mana nuklea ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i ke apo o ka mana kiʻekiʻe ** Alert and Notification System (ANS) Nā leo kani** e uhi ana i kahi radius 16-kilomita (10-mile) (the Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone / EPZ).
• Rula Koʻikoʻi: ʻO kahi mea kanu nuklea EPZ siren ** ʻAʻole he kauoha maʻalahi e haʻalele**. He "Attention / Alert Signal" ** e aʻo ana i nā kamaʻāina ma loko o 16 mau mile (10 mile) e ** hele i loko o ka hale a hoʻolohe koke i kā lākou Pūnaehana Alert Emergency (EAS) lekiō a i ʻole TV, kahi e hoʻolaha ai nā luna olakino o ka mokuʻāina i kahi 2 mile a i ʻole 5 mile ma lalo o ka makani ma lalo o ka makani.ERPAs) pono e malu i loko o ka hale, e lawe Potassium Iodide (KI), a i ʻole e haʻalele (see ʻO ka pōʻino o ka mea kanu mana nuklea, radiation plume, a me ka potassium iodide).

4. Kaniuniu kahakai, ka lua pele Lahar, a me ka wai hili wai-wai ole i ka wai.¶

• Ma na kapakai o Hawaii, Oregon, Wasinetona, Kaleponi, Alaska, British Columbia, Iapana, Chile, a me New Zealand, a ma na awawa kahawai ma lalo ponoi o na kahu wai nui, na wai puna lepo, a me na lua pele (such as Mount Rainier's Puyallup/Carbon/Nisqually river valleys), ʻo nā hale kiaʻi sirena uliuli a melemele paha ʻo Evacuation Sirens.
• ʻAʻole like me ka puahiohio a i ʻole nā ​​kani kani (kahi e hele ai i loko o kou basement a hale paha e pale ai iā ʻoe), ** ka lohe ʻana i kahi ʻōlaʻi Siren kahakai (ʻoi loa ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi ōlaʻi a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i ka emi ʻana o ka wai o ka moana) a i ʻole ka Valley Dam-Breach/Lahar Siren ʻo ia hoʻi he pā wai a lepo paha e iho mai ana i ka papahele o ke awāwa: e haʻalele koke me ka wāwae a i ʻole ma ke kaʻa i kahi ʻāina kiʻekiʻe.

Māhele 3: Nā papa ho'āʻo siren municipal maʻamau (How to tell a routine weekly/monthly test from a real emergency)¶

Ke ho'āʻo nei kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale i kāna mau ʻōleʻa ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma waho ma kahi papa kuhikuhi kalena koʻikoʻi i hoʻolaha ʻia i hiki i nā mīkini ke hōʻoia ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia nā panakō pākahi 48-volt, nā mea hoʻokele lā, nā decoders radio VHF/P25, a me nā kaʻa hoʻololi.

Nā Papa Ho'āʻo Siren Kūwaho maʻamau (Always Verify With Local Sky Conditions)¶

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

Nīnau pinepine¶

No ke aha i kani ai nā kani i koʻu kūlanakauhale inā ʻo ka puahiohio he 15 kilomita (9 mile) ka mamao ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke kalana?¶

Ma nā kalana kuaʻāina a me nā kalana e hoʻohana ana i nā decoders ʻelua leo ʻelua leo VHF i kūkulu ʻia i nā makahiki 1980 a me 1990, **ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā sirens 30 a hiki i 60 waho o ke kalana i kahi code hoʻāla lekiō ākea ākea**. Inā hoʻopuka ka National Weather Service i ka Tornado Warning polygon e paʻi ana i kahi kihi 3-kilomita (2-mile) o ka laina kalana, e hoʻāla koke ka polokalamu dispatch county 911 i kēlā me kēia siren i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻOiai ma nā kūlanakauhale me ka GPS polygon-targeted sirens hou, hoʻāla pinepine nā luna hoʻokele pilikia **1 a 2 mau kūlanakauhale ma mua ("lalo") o kahi supercell holo wikiwiki ** e holo ana ma `95 km/h (60 mph)` no laila he 10 a 15 mau minuke ka poʻe ma waho e komo i loko ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pōlele ʻōpala. Mai haʻalele ʻoe i kahi sirena me ka manaʻo ʻo ia no kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kalana a hiki i kou nānā ʻana i ka radar ola a hōʻoia i kou alanui pololei aia ma waho a ma hope o ka polygon ʻino.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ʻEulopa (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France) a me Singapore PWS ʻokoʻa nā kani kani mai ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika?¶

ʻAʻole like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada (kahi kokoke ʻaʻohe kūlanakauhale e hoʻohana i ka leo siren "All-Clear"), hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻoihana pale kīwila ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia i ka **3-Signal National Siren Code**: - **Ma Kelemānia (`BBK Standard`) a me ʻAuseturia:** **(1) He 1-Minute Piʻi-a-Holo ʻana (`Heulton`)** 'o ia ho'i **PIKA: E 'imi koke i hale malu, e pani i nā puka makani, a e nānā i ka `NINA` app / radio**; a **(2) He leo hoʻomau mau ʻia ʻo 1 mau minuke (`Dauerton`)** ʻo ia ka **"All-Clear (`Entwarnung`)"** hōʻailona. - **Ma Switzerland:** **(1) ʻO ka "Alarm General" (`1-minute regular ascending/descending tone repeated after 2 minutes`)** 'o ia ho'i e komo i loko a ho'olohe i ka lekiō SRF; ʻoiai **(2) ʻO ka "Water / Dam-Failure Alarm" (`12 low, 20-second blasts separated by 10-second pauses`)** lohe ʻia ma nā awāwa ma lalo o nā pā wai wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, **e hoʻokuʻu koke i ka lalo o ke awāwa i kahi kiʻekiʻe**. - **Ma Singapore (`SCDF Public Warning System`):** **(1) Uwe Uwe** = Ea/Bomb Danger Kokoke (Neʻe i ka Hale Palekana Kivila); **(2) Pahū "Hi-Lo" (`Important Message Signal`)** = E hoʻolohe koke i ka lekiō FM kūloko a i ʻole CNA TV no kahi makaʻala kemika/kivila; a me **(3) Hoʻomau Paʻa Pahū** = All-Clear.

He aha inā inā "Stuck On" ma hope o ka ho'āʻo ʻana o ka uwila a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka mahina ma hope o koʻu hale, a ʻaʻole e pau ka uē ʻana?¶

I kekahi manawa, ʻo ka uwila a i ʻole ka mea hoʻopili relay i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻomalu siren i kau ʻia i ka pou e hoʻomau mau ai ka siren ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo a i ʻole ka ʻino. ** ʻO ka mea mua, e nānā i ka radar kūloko a me ka county EMA social media no ka 100% maopopo he hana ʻino a ʻaʻole ia he ulia pōpilikia. e kelepona i ka helu **10-helu ʻAʻole Emergency Police/Fire Dispatch helu o kou kūlanakauhale a i ʻole `311`** a hōʻike i ke kuʻekuʻe pole pololei (`or the 3-digit Siren ID number stenciled in big black/yellow numbers on the side of the siren pole`). E kipaku aku ka mea hana ʻenehana hoʻokele pilikia o ke kūlanakauhale a i ʻole ka mea hoʻohana uila uila i waho a huki i ka ** ʻauʻau hoʻokaʻawale o waho (`or 48V battery disconnect`)** ma ke kumu o ka pou. **Mai ho'āʻo e hoʻopololei, pana ʻole, a wehe paha i kahi keʻena uila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā ʻoe iho** (`doing so carries a high-voltage electrocution hazard and is a federal/state felony for tampering with civil-defense infrastructure`).

Hiki i ka mea hacker ke hoʻokuʻu mamao aku i nā sirens o waho o ke kūlanakauhale (e like me ka mea kaulana 2017 Dallas, Texas siren hanana)?¶

I ʻApelila 2017, ua hoʻāla ʻia nā sirens 156 waho ma Dallas, Texas i ka hola 11:42 PM i ka pō mālie e kekahi mea keaka ʻae ʻole e hoʻouna ana i ka analog i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia **DTMF (`Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency`) nā leo leo** ma ka lekiō UHF palekana lehulehu o ke kūlanakauhale. Ma hope o kēlā hanana, FEMA a me ka Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (`CISA`) ua hoʻopuka i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi a puni ka ʻāina e aʻo ana i nā kaona e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina siren DTMF i **P25 Encrypted Digital Radio, AES-256 Satellite/Cellular IP authentication, a me nā koho balota SCADA ʻelua **. ʻOiai inā loaʻa ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pō maʻemaʻe, ua like kāu pane koke: e hele i loko, e nānā i ka luna o kāu kelepona. `WEA` / NWS hānai a me nā nūhou TV kūloko no 60 kekona, a i ka manawa e hōʻoia ai ke kūlanakauhale i ka hoʻoulu hewa ʻana ma ka pāhana kaiapili, e hoʻi i ka hiamoe me ke kāhea ʻole ʻana iā 911.

No ke aha au i lohe ai i ka leo ʻano "Whoop-Whoop" a i ʻole "Buzzer" mai ke kahua kolepa a i ʻole ka paka kaiaulu ma ke alanui i ka wā e halulu ana ka hekili mamao?¶

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pāka municipal, nā papa kolepa, nā loko ʻauʻau, nā hui ʻāina, a me nā kahua hoʻokūkū kula e hoʻohana i kā lākou **Thor Guard a i ʻole Earth Networks Lightning Prediction & Detection Siren System** (kaawale loa mai nā kīwaha kīwila pale kīwila o ke kūlanakauhale). Ke ʻike nā mea ʻike electrostatic lewa i ka pōʻino uila i loko o **13 a i 16 mau mile (8 a 10 mau mile)**, kani ka pu paka ** hoʻokahi pahū lewa lōʻihi he 15 kekona** (`accompanied by a flashing yellow/white strobe light on the clubhouse roof`) ke kauoha ʻana i nā mea haʻuki a me nā mea ʻauʻau e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kahua/wai a komo i loko o kahi hale a i ʻole kaʻa paʻa paʻa. ʻAʻole like me nā kikina tornado municipal, ** kani ʻo nā pu uwila pāka i kahi hōʻailona "All-Clear" ʻokoʻa**: **ʻekolu puʻu pū pōkole 5 kekona (`Beep - Beep - Beep`)** a pio ke kukui strobe i ka hala ʻana o 30 mau minuke me ka ʻole o ka uila.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Puhiohio
• ʻO ke kai eʻe
• Pahū mea kanu kemika, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaʻaahi, a me ka sila malu ma kahi
• ʻO ka pōʻino o ka mea kanu mana nuklea, radiation plume, a me ka potassium iodide
• Ka hekili a me ka uila
• Nā helu pilikia a me ka hoʻouna honua

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, United States Department of Homeland Security): Civil Preparedness Guide (CPG) 1-17: Outdoor Warning Systems Guide (Standard Acoustic Signal Definition: 3-to-5-Minute Steady Alert Tone vs. Rising-and-Falling Attack Wail Tone, Sound Pressure and Public Education) Attenuation System (IPAWS).
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) & National Weather Service (NWS, United States): StormReady Community Guidelines, Severe Thunderstorm Warning "Destructive" Tag Siren Activation Criteria (>= 80 mph / 130 km/h Winds), a me NOAA Weather Radio SAME Receiver Standards.
• United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) & FEMA: *NUREG-0654 / FEMA-REP-1, Rev. 2: Nā Kūlana no ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka loiloi ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokō ʻana i ka pilikia Radiological a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea kanu nuklea (10-Mile / 16-km Plume Exposure Pathway) Pūnaehana Kūlana Kūlana EPZ Alert.
• ** Ke Keʻena Pekelala Kelemania o ka Palekana Kivila a me ke Kokua Poino (BBK - Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe) & Keʻena Federal Federal no ka Palekana Kivila (FOCP / BABS)**: Nā hōʻailona Siren Palekana Kivila ʻEulopa (1-Minute Rising/Falling Danger Tone vs. 1-Minute Steady All-Clear Tone and Dam-Breach Water Alarm).
• Singapore Civil Defense Force (SCDF): Public Warning System (PWS) Siren Signal Handbook (Alarm, All-Clear, and Important Message Signals).