Paʻa ʻia ma ka Mokupuni Paʻa i ka Paʻa ʻana o nā Alahaka ʻo Causeway ma mua o ka ʻino¶

(Gulf of Mexico)

I ka wā e hāʻule ai nā puka alahele a hili nā alanui mokupuni haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 3 a 6 mau mika (10 a 20 kapuaʻi) o ka ʻinoʻino i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e 2-4-mika (6-a-13-kapuaʻi) e hahau ana i nā nalu moana, ʻoki loa ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i waiho ʻia ma ka mokupuni pale mai nā mākaʻi, ke ahi, a me ke kaʻa kaʻa e hoʻopakele a hoʻopakele ʻia ka ʻino. Inā nalo ʻoe i ka ʻoki ʻana i ke alahaka a pae ʻia ʻoe ma kahi mokupuni pale, e hoʻopaʻa inoa koke i kou wahi kikoʻī a me ka helu poʻo me kāu wahi. helu pilikia (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 999 ma United Kingdom, 112 ma waena o ʻEulopa, a me 000 ma Australia) no laila ʻike nā hui huli a hoʻopakele kūlanakauhale (USAR) ma hope o ka ʻino i kahi e nānā ai, a nānā i kā mākou wahi kaikuahine. hurricane.alakaʻi me ko makou mau alakai ma nā ʻino, nā ʻino, a me nā ʻino, ke kai aliʻi, ka ʻinoʻino, a me ka wai kai, a ke komo ʻana o ka wai paʻakai a me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka luawai.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

Inā ʻoe ma kahi mokupuni pale i ka wā e hoʻokokoke mai ai ka ʻinoʻino a e aʻo i ka pani ʻana o nā alahaka alahele a i ʻole ua laka ʻia:

1. ʻAʻole loa e hoʻāʻo e kaʻa ma kahi alahaka i pani ʻia a i ʻole ke ala i ka wai i ka wai:

   Ma 63 a hiki i 80 km/h (39 a 50 mph) mau makani ma ka pae alanui, ka makani makani ma ka 25-a-40-mika (80-a-130-kapuai) ka piko o ke alahaka alanui intracoastal kiʻekiʻe he **20 a 35 pakeneka kiʻekiʻe (80 a 110 km/h) ke kiʻekiʻe (80 a 110 km/h) nā puʻupuʻu e hoʻohuli ana i nā SUV, nā kaʻa ʻohi, nā RV, a me nā kaʻa pahu ma luna o ke kaʻa kaʻa.

   I ka manawa like, ʻo nā alahaka hoʻomaha ala haʻahaʻa a me nā alahele e pili ana i ka mokupuni ʻo ia nā ʻāpana alanui mua loa i loaʻa ** ka holoi ʻana i ka nalu wikiwiki a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka papa**. ʻO 30 a 60 mau kenimika (1 a 2 kapuaʻi) wale nō o ka wai paʻakai holo wikiwiki e hoʻokuʻu aku i kahi kaʻa he 2,000-kilogram (4,400-paona) mai ke alahele i ke kahawai kai kūʻono.

2. Haʻalele koke i kekahi Home Slab-on-Grade, Home Mobile, RV, a i ʻole Waʻa:

   I ka wā o ka ʻino ʻino (e like me ka Hurricane Ike ma Bolivar Peninsula, Hurricane Michael ma Mexico Beach, a i ʻole Hurricane Ian ma Fort Myers Beach a me Sanibel Island), 100 pakeneka o ka papa lāʻau papa-ma-ka-papa a i ʻole nā hale masonry VZone Have-Zone i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ma ka F. hiki ke hoʻopau loa ʻia mai ko lākou mau papa paʻa, e waiho wale ana i ke koʻa ma hope.

   Mai holo i waho o ka makani ino maluna o ka waapa a i ole ia ka moku ma ka moku mokumoku, a mai noho i loko o ka hale o ka honua, hale kaʻa kaʻa, a hale papa hoʻokahi oiai he 1 a 3 hola ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wai.

3. E hoʻoneʻe koke i kahi ʻano hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka paʻa paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (Pale ʻia ma nā papahele 3 a 5):

   E hoʻohana i ka puka aniani hope loa no ka neʻe ʻana ma ka wāwae a i ʻole ma ke ala kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina a hiki i ka nui-story reinforced concrete, steel-frame, or deep-pile commercial building ma ka mokupuni (he hale hokele palaki hou, hale kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kūlanakauhale, a i ʻole halemai/ke ahi ahi hou i kūkulu ʻia ma hope o nā kānāwai kūkulu kahakai ma hope o Andrew).

   E piʻi i ka papahele 3, 4, a i ʻole 5 (ma kahi o 9 a 16 mika / 30 a 55 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka papa):

   No ke aha ʻaʻole ʻo Papa 1 a i ʻole 2? Aia ka Papa 1 a me 2 i loko pono o ka ** ʻāʻili ʻino + ʻāpana nalu-puʻi ʻana , kahi ** 3 a 7 mau mika (10 a 23 kapuaʻi) o ka ʻino a me nā nalu ʻāhaʻi a me nā kaʻa e lana ana i nā paia a me nā lobby.

   No ke aha ʻAʻole i nā Papa ʻO luna (Ma luna o ka Papa 6 a hiki i ka 10)? Piʻi ka wikiwiki o ka makani i ka logarithmically me ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka honua (wind profile power law); ma luna o ka papahele 6 a hiki i ka 8, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka makani ʻino ** 15 a i ka 30 pākēneka **, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hopena o ka missile mai nā hale e pili ana, a ʻo nā hale ma luna o ka papahele e pilikia ai ka peel membrane a me ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana.

4. Inā paʻa ʻia i loko o kahi hale hoʻokiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke kiʻi ʻia, e hoʻomākaukau no ka haʻihaʻi ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i ka hale:

   E neʻe i ka papa hale noho kiʻekiʻe loa ma lalo o ke kaʻa o ka hale, e noho i loko o kahi lumi puka makani ʻole a i ʻole ke alahele i ʻōwili ʻia a puni ke kumu ʻāhi kumu nui a i ʻole ka wahi e pale aku ai i ka luaahi masonry.

   AOLE e piʻi i loko o ka hale i pani ʻole ʻia me ka ʻole o ke koʻi koʻikoʻi, ka hāmare, a i ʻole ka wili pānaʻi ʻole: inā piʻi ka ʻino i ka papahele ʻelua a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa, hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka wai a i ʻole ka hale e pahele iā ʻoe i ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka hale lāʻau plywood kahi e make ai ke ʻole ʻoe he mea paahana e ʻoki ai i ka lāʻau ma waena o 19 iniha () a i ʻole he wini kukui/gable e pakele ai ma luna o ka hale.

   E kau i kahi USCG Type I, II, a i ʻole III mea hoʻolele pilikino (ʻaʻahu ola) a me kaʻa kaʻa, piʻi, a i ʻole ka mahiole kayak ma kēlā me kēia lālā o ka ʻohana *ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i kou alanui.

5. Hoʻomalu iā ʻoe iho mai ka "Barrier Island Breach" a me ka holoi ʻana i nā ʻāwili fan:

   He mau lipine haiki o ke one holocene i hoohui ole ia ka mokupuni o Barrier. Ke piʻi aʻe ka ʻino o ka moana i ka ʻike mua, holo ka wai ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka mokupuni i loko o ke kahawai kuamoʻo (** overwash fan**), a i ka hala ʻana o ka ʻino a huli ka makani i waho o ke kahakai, ua pohā hou nā trillion lita o ka wai kai i ke kai, ** ke kālai ʻana i nā wai hohonu hou (e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o ka moku a 6 mau mika) i ka 12 knots)**.

   Mai komo i loko o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka wai holoi a puni nā hale, no ka mea, ua huna ʻia 2 a hiki i ka 5 mika-hohonu (6-a-16-kapuaʻi) nā ʻauwaha ʻāwīwī e wehe aʻe ana a puni nā puʻu pōhaku a me nā ʻauwai.

6. Hoʻopaʻa i nā pono hana, hoʻopaʻa i ka wai inu hou ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kaomi, a mālama i nā kamaʻilio:

   Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka mokupuni, e hoʻopiha i kēlā me kēia pā ʻauʻau, ka bākeke maʻemaʻe, ka ipuhao, a me ka hue wai me ka wai kiʻi hou (e naha mau nā kumu wai o ka mokupuni i ka wā e paʻi ai ka hale kiʻi mua i kāna paipu piʻi a i ʻole ke alahele e hoʻolako ai i nā ʻāpana nui).

   E hoʻopau i ka kaapuni kaapuni nui ma ka panel ma mua o ka pā ʻana o ka wai i nā puka o ka papa honua (no ka pale ʻana i ke ahi electrolysis wai paʻakai i loko o ka wai a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana), e paʻi i kāu kaulike GPS pololei, inoa hale, helu papahele, a me ka helu o nā mea i pakele i kahi pilina ma waho o ka mokuʻāina a i 911, a kau i nā smartphones i loko o Saw Power / OS ** hoʻopau i nā lā ** E ola ai ** S Airplane Modelite ** a me ka pōʻeleʻele hale kiaʻi.

Ka lāʻau hoʻoholo: ʻoki ʻia ke alahaka mokupuni pale a me ke ola puʻuhonua kū pololei¶

flowchart TD
    Start["HURRICANE / TROPICAL CYCLONE e pili ana i ka BARRIER ISLAND: Hoʻopuka ʻia ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka makani +"] --> BridgeStatus{"He mau makani paʻa ma nā alahaka alanui: aia ma lalo o 63 km/h (39 mph) A maloʻo nā alanui?"}

    BridgeStatus -->|YES: Bridges Open & Dry| EvacNow["E HAEKE KOKE I KA MOKUPUNI PALAPALA: Mai kali i ka pae ʻana o ka maka: paʻa nā alahaka i 12-24 mau hola ma mua: E holo i uka ma mua o ka ʻāpana wai ʻino."]

    BridgeStatus -->|NO: Bridges Locked Down (39+ mph) or Causeway Flooded| DoNotDrive["E HAʻEKE KOE I KA KAʻA: Mai kaʻa i ke alahaka kiʻekiʻe i pani ʻia a i ʻole ke ala i kahe i ka wai;: e loiloi i ka helu ola o kou hale i kēia manawa"]

    DoNotDrive --> BuildingType{"He aha ke ʻano o ka hale i kēia manawa?"}

    BuildingType -->|Single-Story Slab Home, Mobile Home,: Boat, RV, or Unreinforced Masonry| AbandonBuilding["HANA HAOLE MAMUA O KA HIKI ANA: 1. E hookomo i na eke hele, na lole ola (PFDs), na mahiole, a me ka wai inu: 2. E nee koke aku i kahi hale Paa Paa Paa:"]

    BuildingType -->|Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Building: (Hotel, Condo, or Concrete Parking Garage)| VerticalRefuge["E HOʻOKE I KA PALAPALA VERTICAL REFUGE (FLOORS 3 TO 5): 1. E neʻe ma luna o ka Papa 2 (maʻemaʻe o 3-7 m ka nui o ka nalu + haʻihaʻi nalu): 2. E noho ma lalo o ka papahele 6-10 (e hoʻemi i ka makani nui a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hale): 3. Noho i loko o ke alapiʻi a i ʻole ke ala puka makani mai ke aniani."]

    BuildingType -->|Elevated Deep-Pile Stilt Home: (No Concrete High-Rise Within Reach)| StiltProtocol["ELEVATED STILT HOME SURVIVAL PROTOCOL: 1. E pani i ka mea hookiekie uila nui & propane tank valve: 2. E hookomo i na Lole Ola (PFDs), na kamaa pani, a me na mahiole: 3. E noho ma ka papahele noho kiekie loa; ʻAʻole loa e komo i loko o ka hale i pani ʻia me ke koʻi ʻole: 4. E hoʻomau i ke kōkua lana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i mākaukau inā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā paila."]

    AbandonBuilding --> VerticalRefuge
    VerticalRefuge --> PostSurge["I ka wā o ka maka a ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka EBB BREACH: • Mai hele i waho i ka wā mālie Maka: • E kiaʻi i ke ʻano ʻino o ke kai e ʻoki ana i nā ʻīpuka hou: • E hōʻailona i nā helikopter USAR mai ka hale/pale ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka makani."]
    StiltProtocol --> PostSurge

No ke aha e paʻa ai nā alahaka ala 12 a 24 mau hola ma mua o ka pae ʻana¶

ʻO kēlā me kēia makaniʻino nui e hoʻopuka i nā hōʻike huhū o nā kamaʻāina kahakai i hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou mau kaʻa he 6 mau hola ma mua o ka pae ʻana, holo i ke alahaka o ka moku ʻaʻa, a loaʻa i nā pā mākaʻi e ālai ana i ka ʻāʻī a ʻo ka maka o ka makani ʻino e mau ana 200 kilomita (125 mau mile) i waho o ke kai. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻenekinia a me nā kānāwai hana e pili ana i nā alahaka kahakai e wehewehe i ke kumu o kēia ʻoki ʻoki a ʻaʻole hiki ke kūkākūkā ʻia:

1. ʻO ka 39-mph (63 km/h) Tropical Storm Force Bridge Cutoff Rule¶

ʻO nā keʻena hoʻokele ulia pōpilikia ma waena o Florida, Texas, Louisiana, Carolinas, a me nā ʻāpana ʻino o ka honua e hana ana ma lalo o nā paepae paʻa a me ka aerodynamic no nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā alahaka huki.

1. Aerodynamic Rollover a me nā paepae ʻaoʻao-Force ma nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe:

   Pono nā alahaka paʻa kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) a i ʻole nā ​​kahakai kahakai e piʻi 20 a 30 mika (65 a 100 kapuaʻi) ma luna o ka wai e hāʻawi i ka ʻae hoʻokele no nā moku.

   Ma luna o ka wai hāmama me ka ʻole o ka ʻili o ka ʻili (ka lōʻihi ʻākeke \(z_0 \approx 0.0002\text{ m}\)), ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka makani ma ka 25-mika (82-kapuaʻi) ka piko o ke alahaka he 25 a 35 pakeneka ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka makani i ana ʻia ma 10 mika uka.

   I ka wā i pā mai ai ka makani i uka i 63 km/h (39 mph), ua hiki mua ka ʻino o ke alahaka i ka 90 a 105 km/h (55 a 65 mph). Ma kēia wikiwiki o ka makani, nalowale nā ​​​​kaʻa kiʻekiʻe (nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā kaʻa ahi, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā pahu pahu, nā mea hoʻomoana, a me nā SUV) i ka hakakā ʻana o ka huila ma nā papa alahaka pulu, ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao aerodynamic, a hāʻule i nā alahele, e ālai ana i ke alahaka holoʻokoʻa i waenakonu o ka ʻino.

2. Ulakaʻi Hoʻoneʻe ʻia (Bascule Bridge) Mechanical Lock-down:

   Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā mokupuni he nui i ka ʻāina nui e bascule drawbridges a i ʻole swing bridges.

   Ma luna o 56 a 63 km/h (35 a 39 mph) makani, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ana i ka lau kila kila nui e like me ka huki ʻana i ka peʻa metala nunui i loko o ka makani ʻino: na nā hawewe makani e hoʻopiʻi i nā kumu pahu, wehe i nā mea hoʻokele, a pale i ka pani hou ʻana o ke alahaka.

   Eia kekahi, ma mua o ka ha'alele 'ana o ka po'e ho'okō kānāwai a me nā 'auwa'a no ko lākou ola pono'ī, pono e ho'opau 'ia ke alahaka ho'one'e 'ia, ho'opa'a 'ia i ke ala i pani 'ia, a wehe 'ia a ho'opa'a 'ia paha kona mau ka'a ka'a uila.

3. Pre-Landfall Coastal Runner Surge on Low Causeway approaches:

   ʻOiai he 25 mika ka lōʻihi o ke alahaka ma luna o ke kai kūʻono, ʻo ka 2-a-5-kilomita (1-a-3-mile) alahaka haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ke alanui e hoʻohui ana i ka mokupuni ʻaʻa i ka wāwae uwapo e noho maʻamau 1.0 a 1.8 mika (3 a 6 kapuaʻi) ma luna o ka wai kiʻekiʻe.

   I ka holo ana o ka makani ino ma uka o ka aina, hoopio ka makani ino mua (Ekman transport setup) i ka wai iloko o ke kaikuono 12 a 18 mau hola ma mua o ka pae ʻana o ka maka, e hoʻokahe ana i ke alahaka haʻahaʻa e pili ana i nā alanui a ʻo ka uwapo nui i ka lewa e maloʻo loa: hana i kahi "alahaka i kahi ʻole."

2. Hoʻohālikelike: ʻO ke ola ʻana o ka Barrier Island Structure Survival ma ke kahakai a me ke ʻano hale¶

ʻO nā ʻenekinia kahakai a me ka United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA Coastal Construction Manual, FEMA P-55) e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mokupuni pale i nā ʻāpana pōʻino hydrodynamic.

ʻO ka hydrodynamics o ka mokupuni pale e holoi i nā mea pā a me nā wahi komo¶

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano hou ʻana o ka mokupuni pale iā ia iho i ka wā o ka ʻino nui no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e hele wāwae a i ʻole e hoʻopuʻu ʻia i loko o kahi alāʻau moku i haki ʻia:

1. Ka Papa 1: Foredune Overtopping a me ka holoi ʻana i ka Pepa Pepa Kahe¶

• Ke hoʻokuʻu nei ka makani ʻino ma uka i ka wai moana (ka ʻinoʻino) i kahakai, ua ʻānai a palahalaha nā ʻale i luna o ke one (foredune scarping and collapse).
• Ke piʻi ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai mālie a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka nalu ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mokupuni pale (ʻo ia wale nō ka 2 a 4 mau mika / 6.5 a 13 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka ʻilikai), e kahe mau ana ka wai o ka moana ma ka laula o ka mokupuni a hiki i ke kai kai i hope ma kahi pepa holo wikiwiki i kapa ʻia ʻo overwash.
• Wehe ka au i nā alanui asphalt, kanu i nā papahele ma lalo o 1 a 2 mika (3 a 6.5 kapuaʻi) o ke one kahakai i lawe ʻia (he peʻa holoi holoi), a e hahau hohonu i ** nā lua ʻaʻe ʻano kāmaʻa lio (1.5 a 4 mika / 5 a 13 kapuaʻi ka hohonu)** a puni ke kumu o nā kolamu hale, nā ʻauʻau kai, a me ka ʻauʻau.

2. Pae 2: The Seaward Ebb-Surge "Breach" (When New Inlets Cut the Island in Half)¶

• ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana i ke kahawai hohonu loa a me ka hoʻopōʻino loa ma waena o kahi mokupuni pale e hana pinepine ʻia ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka maka o ka makani ʻino i ka wā ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka makani ma waho o ka ʻaoʻao (ebb-surge phase):

  I ka hapa mua o ka makani ino, ua hoahu ka makani uka i ka nui o ka wai 3 a 5 mika (10 a 16 kapuai) ke kiekie i loko o ke kai kuonoono a i ole ke kaena ma hope o ka mokupuni pale.

  Ke hala ka maka a huli koke ka makani makani ino 180 degere e puhi i uka (mai ke kai hoʻi i ka moana), e kuʻi ana kēlā kai i uka holoʻokoʻa i ka **ʻaoʻao kahakai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻole o ka mokupuni pale.

  ʻImi ʻana i nā ala haiki a haʻahaʻa loa ma waena o ka mokupuni: ʻaneʻane i nā manawa a pau ** nā alanui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahakai, nā poʻo a me nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa kahi e hele aku ai nā awāwa manamana lima i ka moana**: ʻoki ʻia ka wai kai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ka paipu eli hydraulic ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka mokupuni, e ʻeli ana i kahi ** ʻīpuka wai hou he 50 a 300 mika (160 a 300 mau mika ākea (160 a 8 mau mika) a me 6 mau mika ākea kapuaʻi) hohonu** i loko o 2 mau hola, e holoi ana i kēlā me kēia hale, ke alanui, a me ke alahaka e pili ana i kona ala.

ʻO ka protocol ola i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i loko o ka puʻuhonua kū a i ʻole nā ​​hale kū¶

1. Pehea e malu ai ma ka papahele 3 a i ka 5 o kahi hale paʻa¶

Inā ʻoe e haʻalele ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mokupuni i kahi hōkele paʻa nui, condominium, a i ʻole ka hale kaʻa kaʻa aupuni ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka piʻi ʻana:

1. Kūkaʻikaʻi i ke komo koke ʻana i ke ola-palekana: I ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka ʻĀpana 3 a i ka 5 ʻino ma hope o ka laka ʻana o nā alahaka, ʻike nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ulia pōpilikia i ka ** hoʻokuʻu kū pololei ** ma ke ʻano he mea e pono ai ke ola. E neʻe i loko o **nā alapiʻi ahi i hoʻoikaika ʻia i loko a i ʻole nā ​​lobbies i puka aniani ʻole o loko ma ka papahele 3, 4, a i ʻole 5 **.
2. Mai hoʻohana i ka Elevator: ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mana o ke kahakai he mau hola ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ka paʻakai no ka mea e hoʻoulu ʻia ai ka ** insulator flashover** ma nā mea hoʻololi, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai e kahe ana i nā lua ʻeleʻele ma ka papahele. E hoʻohana wale i ka ** alapiʻi ahi paʻa**.

3. E hana i ka Paʻi Paʻi Makani Puka ʻElua:

   Ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papahele 4, hiki i ka makani ʻino ke wāwahi i nā puka aniani hoʻoheheʻe waho a me nā puka makani. I ka wā e haki ai ka puka makani o waho ma ka ʻaoʻao makani, ʻo ** ke kaomi ʻana i loko o ka hale** e piʻi ikaika, e puhi ana i nā ʻāpana maloʻo o loko a me ka paʻi ʻana i nā puka keʻena.

   E noho i loko o ka ʻaupiʻi ahi paʻa paʻa ʻia a i ʻole kekahi ** alai puka puka ʻole o loko**, e mālama i ka liʻiliʻi loa ʻelua pani paʻa kaumaha ma waena ou a me kekahi puka aniani o waho.

4. Ma kahi kaʻa kaʻa paʻa paʻa hāmama:

   Ina e malu ana ma ka papa 3 a 4 paha o ka hale kaa kaa i hooikaikaia ma ka aoao hamama, mai ku kokoke i na ala hao o waho o waho, a ** aole loa e noho iloko o ke kaa i paka ma ka Papa 1 a i ole 2**.

   E hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka ** hale kiaʻi alapiʻi paʻa paʻa ma ka Papa 3 a i ʻole 4, a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i kahi kaʻa kaumaha ma kahi kokoke i ka koluma o loko ma ka Papa 3 a i ʻole 4 ma kahi kaʻawale o ka papa hale hāmama, e hoʻopaʻa i nā huila a pau, e hoʻokomo i ke kaʻa kaʻa, a e noho i loko o ke kaʻa a i ʻole ma hope o ka paia ʻoki waena.

2. Ola i loko o ka hale kiʻekiʻe inā piʻi ka wai i ka papahele e noho ana¶

Inā paʻa ʻoe i loko o kahi hale noho ma nā pilings a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻino ma mua o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papahele mua:

1. E ʻaʻahu i kou Paʻa Ola (PFD) a me ka pāpale i loko o ka hale: Pono kēlā me kēia kanaka makua a me nā keiki e hoʻopaʻa paʻa paʻa i ka pale ola a me ka mahiole, me ka puʻi wai, ke kukui wai, a me ka pahi hoʻopakele i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻaʻahu.

2. ** Mālama i nā puka makani a me nā puka makani; Wehe i ka puka makani ʻo Leeward wale nō inā piʻi ka wai i loko**:

   ʻOiai e pale ana i ka makani, e pani ʻia nā puka waho a pau, nā pani ʻino, a me nā puka makani i ʻole e puhi ka makani o loko i ka hale.

   Eia naʻe, inā hoʻomaka ke kahe ʻana o ka wai ʻino ** i loko** o kou papahele noho kiʻekiʻe, wehe a hoʻomākaukau i ka puka makani a i ʻole ka puka ma ka ʻaoʻao LEEWARD (downwind / sheltered) o ka hale no laila e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi puka ʻili ākea ākea inā piʻi ka wai i ke kaupaku.

3. Ke Rula Pahele ʻAtika Make:

   Mai hoʻi i loko o ka hale keʻena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ʻole ʻoe i hoʻokuke ʻia e ka wai mai kēlā me kēia lumi haʻahaʻa A e lawe ana ʻoe i ke koʻi ʻoki lāʻau kaumaha, ka pahu hoʻoneʻe, a i ʻole ka hāmare (a ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa kahi i loaʻa i ka hale hale he gable-end louver vent a skylight hiki iā ʻoe ke kiola i waho). ʻAʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia a kuʻi ʻia paha e ka lima ma ka lima ma ka lima.

4. E hoʻomākaukau i kahi puʻuhonua lana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he wahi hoʻomaha hope loa:

   Inā hoʻomaka ka nalu i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā puʻu o ka hale a hoʻomaka ka nahā ʻana o ka hale i loko o ka nalu, he mea lana ʻoʻoleʻa (e like me ka kayak i hoʻonui ʻia, papa heʻe nalu, a i ʻole ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi 15-mika (50-kapuaʻi) kaula nylon a me kahi pahi hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki e hiki ai i nā mea ola ke noho pū ma nā ʻaʻahu ola.

E pale i ka hele wāwae ʻana ma ke one ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka ʻōpala ʻaʻohe kāmaʻa: Ua haʻalele ka ʻino i nā tausani o nā kui ʻōpala i hoʻohuli ʻia, nā aniani ʻāhaʻi, nā puʻupuʻu maʻemaʻe, a me nā ** nahesa ʻawaʻawa (nā waha pulu a me nā nahesa rattles)** a me ** nā lāʻau ʻauamo ahi**. E hoʻokomo i nā kāmaʻa wāwae mānoanoa a me nā mīkina lima ʻili.

ʻAʻole loa e inu i ka wai paipu a i ʻole ka wai punawai: Ua haumia nā puna wai āpau āpau a me nā pūnāwai pāpaʻu me ka wai paʻakai, ka wai paʻakai, a me nā petrochemical. E inu wale i kāu wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ka wā e hāpai ai nā luna i ka paila a i ʻole ka hoʻolaha inu ʻole.

Pehea e hōʻailona ai i ka US Coast Guard a me National Guard Helicopters: E kau i kahi ** ʻalani ʻalani a i ʻole fluorescent tarp a i ʻole pepa ma luna o ka hale hāmama a i ʻole ke one i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka spelling "SOS" a i ʻole "HELP", e hoʻolohi i ka ** hōʻailona hōʻailona a i ʻole ke kukui LED ʻālohilohi ** i ka cockpit, a nalu i nā lima ʻelua ma luna o ke poʻo (** ʻelua lima i hāpai ʻia i lalo = ʻAe, pono ʻelua lima i hāpai ʻia i lalo = ʻAe, pono ʻelua lima i hāpai ʻia i lalo = ʻAe, hoʻokahi lima kōkua i hāpai ʻia i lalo = ʻAe, pono ʻelua lima i hāpai ʻia i lalo. ʻAʻole pono ke kōkua).

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

Nīnau pinepine¶

No ke aha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai e nā mākaʻi ke alahaka moku ʻākeʻakeʻa i ka wā e nānā mau ana ka lā i waho a he 14 mau hola ka pae ʻana o ka makani?¶

ʻAʻole pani nā luna hoʻomalu i nā alahaka e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ai ke kikowaena (maka) o ka ʻino; pani lākou i nā alahaka ke hoʻomau ʻia nā makani ʻino Tropical o 63 km/h (39 mph) hiki i kahakai, e hana mau ana 12 a 24 mau hola ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka maka. Ke piʻi ka makani i ka 63 km/h ma ka ʻilikai, ʻo ka makani makani ma ka piko o kahi alahaka he 25 mika kiʻekiʻe (80 kapuaʻi) a hiki i 90 a 105 km/h (55 a 65 mph), e hoʻohuli ana i nā kaʻa kiʻekiʻe a hiki ʻole i nā kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​ambulances ke wehe i kahi pōʻino. Pono e laka ʻia nā alahaka hoʻoneʻe ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā alahaka ma mua o ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻino i nā lua mana uila.

No ke aha i ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka noho ʻana ma ka papahele 3, 4, a i ʻole 5 o kahi hale paʻa ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana i ka papahele penthouse ma luna?¶

Pono ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kūpaʻa i ke kaupaona ʻana i ʻelua mau mana make: piʻi ka wai mai lalo a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka makani mai luna mai. ʻO ka ʻino ʻino i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻale i loko o kahi ʻino nui e piʻi maʻamau i 4 a 8 mau mika (13 a 26 kapuaʻi) ma luna o ka ʻili honua, kahi e luku ai i ka papa 1 a me 2 o nā hale kahakai. Ke hiki aku ʻoe i ka papahele 3 a 5 (9 a 16 mau mika / 30 a 55 kapuaʻi i luna), ua palekana ʻoe ma luna o ka wai a me nā ʻōpala e lana ana i ka wā e pale aku ai i ka wikiwiki o ka makani logarithmic, nā pahi kaua ʻiliʻili lele, a me nā hāʻule hoʻokiʻekiʻe o ka hale i ka papa luna.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi FEMA V-Zone a me kahi A-Zone ma kahi mokupuni pale, a no ke aha e pili ai inā paʻa wau?¶

Ma nā palapala 'āina pōʻino o ke kai, ua kuhikuhi ʻia kahi FEMA V-Zone (Velocity Wave Zone) i ke alo o ka moana a i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao kai kūʻono o kahi mokupuni pale kahi i hohonu ai ka ʻino e kākoʻo i nā nalu he 0.9 mika (3 kapuaʻi) a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o nā nalu he 0.9 mau mika a ʻoi aʻe paha e hoʻoulu ai i nā ikaika slamming hydrodynamic e hoʻopau loa i nā hale papa ma luna o ko lākou kumu. ʻIke ʻia kahi A-Zone i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai kahe me nā nalu liʻiliʻi (ma lalo o 0.9 mau mika), ʻoiai hiki i kahi Coastal A-Zone (nā nalu 0.45 a 0.9 mau mika / 1.5 a i 3 kapuaʻi) hiki ke hiolo i nā pā hale. Inā paʻa ʻoe ma hope o ka laka ʻana i ke alahaka, ʻo ka puka ʻana i waho o ka V-Zone i loko o kahi hale paʻa paʻa he nui ka moʻolelo nui kāu ola.

No ke aha i nui ai nā moku ʻāʻī a me nā alanui i holoi ʻia ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka ʻino ma mua o ka wā ma mua?¶

Ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka maka, hoʻokuʻu ka makani ʻino ma uka i ka wai o ka moana ma ʻō aku o ka mokupuni paʻa a paʻa i ka ʻino nui i loko o ke kahawai pāpaʻu a i ʻole ke kai kūʻono ma hope o ka mokupuni. ʻO ka manawa e hala ai ka makani ʻino a huli ka makani i 180 degere e puhi i ka ʻāina mai ka ʻāina nui a i ke kai, e hoʻihoʻi ikaika ana kēlā kai uka holoʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a me ka pale ʻole o ke kai kūʻono o ka mokupuni pale. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻānai ʻana o ke kai i nā ʻoki alanui haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻāʻī manamana lima haiki, e ʻānai ana i nā ʻīpuka moana hou i loko o ka mokupuni i nā hola.

Inā paʻa au i loko o ka hale papa lāʻau ʻelua a piʻi ka wai ʻino i ke alapiʻi a hiki i ka papahele ʻelua, no ke aha lā wau e piʻi ʻole ai i loko o ka hale kupapaʻu a pani i ka pā?¶

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana i loko o kahi hale noho paʻa me ka ʻole o ke koʻi koʻikoʻi nui a i ʻole ka hāmare sledge i make i nā haneli he nui o ka ʻino. Inā piʻi ka wai i loko o ka lewa, a i ʻole nā ​​nalu e hoʻokuʻu i ka hale mai kona mau puʻu i loko o ke kai kūʻono, e paʻa ʻoe i loko o kahi pyramid lāʻau ʻeleʻele ma lalo o 19-milimeter (0.75-inihi) hurricane-nailed plywood decking hiki ʻole ke kuʻi a kiki paha me ka lima. E komo wale i loko o ka hale keʻena inā ua piha ka wai i ka papahele ma lalo a he koʻi, ʻike, a i ʻole ka puka aniani e wehe pono ai i luna o ka hale o waho me ka ʻaʻahu ʻana i ka lole ola.

• ʻO kēia alakaʻi no ka ʻike ʻike a ʻaʻole ia e pani i nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu mana. E kipa i kā mākou wahi kaikuahine hurricane.alakaʻi no ka hoʻomākaukau piha ʻana i ka makani ʻino, a e noʻonoʻo e lawe i kahi papa kōkua mua a me ka CPR ma o ke Keʻa Ulaula a i ʻole St John Ambulance.*

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Nā Hurricane, nā ʻino, a me nā ʻino: alakaʻi ola ola piha
• ʻO ke kai mōʻī, ka ʻino, a me ka wai kai
• ʻO ke komo ʻana o ka wai paʻakai, ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka luawai o ka ʻino, a me ka paʻakai wai inu
• ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻino a me ka ʻino a me ka palekana hoʻihoʻi
• Kaʻa i loko o ka wai: pakele kaʻa i ke kaʻa a me nā alanui kahe
• Nā helu pilikia ma ka ʻāina

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) & National Hurricane Center (NHC, United States): Storm Surge Overview, Tropical-Storm Force Wind Arrival Time (39 mph Cutoff), a me Barrier Island Overwash Hazard Guidance.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, United States): Coastal Construction Manual (FEMA P-55): Hydrodynamic Wave Loads, V-Zone vs. Coastal A-Zone Failure Modes, Scour around Pilings, and Vertical Evacuation Design (FEMA P-646).
• ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Geological Survey (USGS) Nā Pōʻino a me nā Punawai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai a me ke Kai: Nā Hurricane a me nā ʻino nui loa: Dune Scarping, Overwash Fans, a me Ebb-Surge Island Breaching Mechanics.
• Hui Pūʻali Koa o ʻEnekinia o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (USACE) a me nā Keʻena ʻOihana Mokuʻāina (FDOT / TxDOT / NCDOT): Nā Paepae Paʻa Makani Kūʻai Kūlana Kiʻekiʻe, Bascule Drawbridge Lockdown Protocols, a me Post-Surge Bridge Scour Inspection.
• ʻO ka Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) & Queensland Fire and Emergency Services (QFES): Nā Wahi Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻO ka ʻino, Barrier Island Causeway Inundation, a me Vertical Refuge Shelter Guidelines.