Pa'i 'ana i ke kinoea nui i kanu 'ia a i 'ole ka uwea ki'eki'e ma lalo o ka honua i ka wā e 'eli ana¶

Ma lalo o nā pā hale, nā māla mahiʻai, a me nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale aia kahi pūnaewele paʻa o ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe melemele (HDPE) a me ke kila i uhi ʻia ** ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe a me nā kumu hoʻouna ** (e hana ana mai 0.25 bar a hiki i 80+ bar / 4 psi a i 1,200+ psi), kaomi ʻia ** petroleum pipeline a i ʻole ** ** mau uwea uwila kumu mua ma lalo o ka honua me ka voli kiʻekiʻe** (e lawe ana 4,160 a 34,500+ volts). I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻeli ka poʻe hana ʻeli, nā mea hoʻolālā ʻāina i nā lua kia pa me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mana, nā ʻauwaʻa kuhikuhi, a me nā mea hale e ʻeli ana i nā ʻauwaha me nā ʻōpae kila i ʻeli ʻole ʻia i loko o nā kumu kinoea i kanu ʻia a ʻokiʻoki paha i nā kaula uila kiʻekiʻe o lalo o ka honua no ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi laina pono, kanu pāpaʻu no ka hū ʻana o ka lepo, a ʻeli ʻia paha i loko o ka 45-centimeter-(6-2-cm) wahi hoʻomanawanui eli lima.

ʻO ka mea āu e hana ai i ka 10 kekona mua ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana o kou mau niho bākeke, auger bit, a i ʻole ka ʻōpala ʻōpala i kahi mea kanu i kanu ʻia e hoʻoholo ai inā ʻoe e hele ola a hoʻomaka paha i ka pahū ʻana o ke ao a i ʻole ke kau ʻana i ka uila. Inā hou ʻoe i ka paipu kinoea maoli i kanu ʻia, e waiho ana i ka ʻenekini excavator e holo ana a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻihoʻi i ka lepo ma luna o ka paipu hīnaʻi ʻana e hānai pono i ke ao methane kaomi i loko o ka manifold turbocharger wela a i ʻole nā ​​pulu alternator, e hoʻā ana i kahi pōkā ahi nui. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, inā hoʻopili kāu excavator boom a post-hole auger i kahi 13.8-kilovolt uila kumu mua i kanu ʻia, e iho ana i lalo o ka mīkini me ka wāwae hoʻokahi ma ke ala kila a me hoʻokahi wāwae ma ka lepo e alahaka i kahi gradient honua 10,000-volt ma waena o kou puʻuwai. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka wā e pani ai i ka ʻā a me ka holo ʻana i ka makani me ka wā e noho ai i loko o ke kaʻa a i ʻole ka bunny-hop me nā wāwae ʻelua e mālama i nā ola; mālama i kou wahi helu pilikia mākaukau, a nānā pilikia leak gas, nā laina mana i hāʻule a me ka uila uila, a ʻo ke ahi arc flash a me ke kuni uila kiʻekiʻe.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. E hoʻoholo i ka 2 kekona mua inā paha ʻoe i pā i kahi PIPELINE GAS/LIQUID (ka uwau nui, puhi lepo, ʻala hua manu popopo) a i ʻole kahi KAUPA UILA (ʻulaʻula uliuli-keʻokeʻo, kani nui, uahi ozone acrid). He ʻokoʻa loa nā lula ola no ka puka ʻana i ka mīkini.
2. **Inā ʻoe i hou i kahi LĀINA KĀNUI HUNA ʻia: E hoʻohuli koke i ka ʻeli a i ʻole ke kī hoʻopau tractor, e waiho i ka mīkini ma kahi e kū ai, a e haʻalele me ka wāwae i UPWIND ma kahi o 100 a 300 mau mika (330 a 1,000 kapuaʻi). ʻaʻole ʻokiʻoki a hoʻopōloli paha i kahi paipu kinoea plastik (e hoʻohua ana i ka uila paʻa e hoʻopā i ka pahu kinoea).
3. Inā ʻoe i hahau i kahi ULA UWAI KAHU ʻia me ka ʻeli, backhoe, a i ʻole auger: NOHO I loko o ke kaʻa inā ʻaʻohe ahi, a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo e koli i ka bākeke me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau hauʻoli insulated. ʻO ka honua no 10 a 15 mau mika (33 a 50 kapuaʻi) a puni ka ʻauwaha i hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia i ka volts); E hoʻōho i ka poʻe a pau ma ka honua e noho i hope ma kahi o 15 mika (50 kapuaʻi) a mai hoʻopā i ka mīkini.
4. Inā puhi ka mea ʻeli ikaika i ke ahi (a inā paha ʻoe i hahau i ke kaula i kanu ʻia me ka ʻōʻō/auger paʻa lima a pono e pakele i ka ʻauwaha), MAI haʻalele maʻamau: E lele i waho o ka mīkini no laila paʻi nā wāwae ʻelua i ka honua i ka manawa like me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i ka mīkini a me ka lepo i ka manawa like, a laila ** hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā wāwae ʻelua ma kahi liʻiliʻi 1 kapuaʻi me ka paʻa loa; ike nā laina mana i hāʻule a me ka uila uila.
5. ** MAI hoʻohana i ke kelepona paʻalima, lekiō ʻelua ʻaoʻao, kī kī, ke kukui, a i ʻole ka paka i loko a i ʻole kokoke i ke kinoea maoli a i ʻole ke ao mahu propane.** E hele ma kahi o 100 mika (330 kapuaʻi) i ka makani i ka ea maʻemaʻe ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i kāu kelepona mai kāu ʻeke e kelepona iā 911 / 112 / 999 a me ka helu hoʻouna pilikia pilikia.
6. ** MAI kanu a huna paha i ka paipu kinoea melemele melemele a i ʻole ka ʻili paipu kila i ʻoki ʻia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e ʻakaʻaka.** ʻO ka pōʻino i ka pā polyethylene melemele o ka paipu a i ʻole ka uhi anti-corrosion e hoʻokumu i ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi e haki pinepine ai i nā hola, nā lā, a i ʻole mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lepo, e kahe pololei ana ke kinoea ma lalo o ka lepo.

Ka lāʻau hoʻoholo: 10 kekona mua ma hope o ka hahau ʻana i kahi laina pono i kanu ʻia¶

flowchart TD
    Start["ʻO ka Excavator, Auger, a i ʻole Shovel Strikes Buied Utility"] --> UtilityType{"He aha ka mea i hahau ʻia?"}
    UtilityType -->|"ʻO ka uwē nui, puhi lepo, ʻala hua manu popopo, a i ʻole paipu melemele (GAS)"| GasHit["1. E ho'ōki koke i ke kī hoʻā ʻana (mai hoʻoneʻe i ka bākeke a i ʻole ke mele); 2. Waiho i na mea paahana/koo iloko o ka auwaha; Mai ho'āʻo e ʻoki i ka paipu a i ʻole e hoʻihoʻi i ka lepo; 3. E hoʻokuʻu i ka poʻe a pau e hele wāwae UPWIND ma kahi o 100 a 300 m (330 a 1,000 ft); 4. Mai hoʻohana i nā kelepona paʻa, nā lekiō, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā kaʻa a hiki i 100 m i ka makani; 5. E kelepona iā 911 / 112 / 999 MUA, a laila e kelepona i ka Helu Hoʻomāinoino Gas Utility"]
    UtilityType -->|"Polū-White Arc Flash, Bang, Smoke, or Red Conduit (ELECTRIC)"| ElecHit{"Aia ʻoe i loko o kahi kaʻa mīkini a paʻa paha i kahi mea hana lima?"}
    ElecHit -->|"ʻO loko o ka Excavator / Backhoe / Skid-Steer Cab"| InCab["1. NOHO MA KA KAA; e aʻo aku i nā poʻe holo ʻāina e noho i hope 15 m (50 ft); 2. Inā hana ka hydraulics a ʻaʻohe kinoea, hoʻihoʻi pololei ka pahu i ke kaula; 3. Inā wela ke kaʻa i ke ahi: E LELE mālie me ka HUI WAWAʻE ʻelua (mai hoʻopā i ke kaʻa a me ka lepo i ka manawa hoʻokahi); 4. Huli a lele paha me nā wāwae e pā ana no 15 m (50 ft) ma mua o ka hele ʻana maʻamau"]
    ElecHit -->|"Paʻa Lima Shovel, Post-Hole Auger, a i ʻole Trencher"| OnGround["1. E hoʻokuʻu koke i nā mea hana me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i ke kumu metala; 2. MAI lawe i na kapuai holo akea mailoko mai o ka auwaha (hiki i ka hee make); 3. Hop a shuffle me nā wāwae ʻelua i kaomi paʻa no 15 m (50 ft); 4. E kelepona iā 911 / 112 / 999 a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana uila"]
    UtilityType -->|"Paipu ʻia, ʻoki ʻia, a huki ʻole ʻia me ka ʻole o ka Leak"| Nicked["1. E oki koke i ka eli a waiho i ka auwaha e hamama ana i ike ia ka paipu; 2. ʻAʻole loa e hoʻihoʻi i ka lepo e hūnā i kahi paipu kinoea i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole ka lole uwea haehae; 3. Kāhea koke i ka hui pono e nānā a hoʻoponopono i ka uhi/pā"]

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā pono hana i kanu ʻia e ke code kala, nā mea, a me ka lipine ʻōlelo hōʻike¶

Ma lalo o ka APWA Uniform Color Code (hoʻohana ʻia ma waena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, Australia, a me nā ʻāpana ʻāina he nui) a me UK HSE HSG47 / NJUG mau kala kala, nā paipu i kanu ʻia, nā ʻauwaʻa, a me nā lipine hoʻolaha palaka lalo e ʻike i ka pōʻino ma mua o ka paʻi ʻana o kāu ʻō i ka laina:

Hōʻike 1: ʻO ke kuʻi ʻana i ke kinoea maoli i kanu ʻia a i ʻole ka paipu ʻaila ʻaila wai¶

He aha ka hana ma ke kino ke uhaki ʻia kahi laina kinoea¶

Hāʻule nā laina kinoea i kanu ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana kaomi, e hōʻike ana kēlā me kēia i nā pōʻino kino ʻokoʻa: 1. Nā laina lawelawe hale noho haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā kumu hoʻolaha plastik (0.02 a 7 bar / 0.25 a 100 psi): Hana maʻamau ʻia me ka 12-a-150-milimeter (0.5-a-6-ʻīniha) melemele polyethylene (PE) paipu plastik a i ʻole ke kila i uhi ʻia i kanu ʻia 45 a hiki i 3 mika keneka ** Ke hili ʻia e ka niho ʻeli a i ʻole ka bit auger, ʻō aku ka paipu plastik a hāmama nā waimaka me ka leo nui, e puhi ana i ka lepo a me ka ʻiliʻili i luna a hoʻopiha i ka ʻauwaha a me ka pā a puni me ka ** methane gas ** (ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka ea a honi ʻia me mercaptan e honi e like me nā hua popopo a i ʻole ke kāpena palaho). 2. Nā paipu hoʻoili kila kiʻekiʻe (15 a 100+ bar / 200 a 1,500+ psi): ʻO nā kumu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke anawaena nui e lawe ana i ke kinoea ʻaʻala ʻole a ʻala māmā ma nā wahi āpau. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi pahu hoʻokuʻu supersonic i nā limahana kuli ma 50 mika, e ʻeli i ka lua nui o nā pōhaku lele, a hiki ke hoʻā wale mai i nā ʻōpuʻu pōhaku-ma-steel. 3. Kūnū wai propane (LPG) a i ʻole nā ​​laina huahana ʻaila: ʻAʻole like me ke kinoea maoli (methane, e piʻi ana i ka lewa ākea), ** ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahu propane a me ka butane ma mua o ka ea. Puliki ka propane i ka lepo, kahe i lalo ma nā ʻauwaha, nā auwai, a me nā moena kahawai no nā haneli mau mika, a me nā loko i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ke kiʻekiʻe kuʻekuʻe wāwae a hiki i ka pūhaka e kali ana i kahi kumu hoʻā.

Kaʻanuʻu ʻanuʻu i loko o ka mua 60 kekona o ka pahu laina kinoea¶

1. E hoʻopaʻa koke i ka mīkini mea hana a haʻalele i ka mīkini ma kahi:
2. Ke lohe koke ʻoe i ke kani ʻana o ke kinoea holo, e ʻike i ka puhi ʻana o ka lepo mai ka ʻauwaha, a i ʻole honi i ka mercaptan, ** hoʻohuli i ka excavator, skid-steer, trencher, a i ʻole ke kī hoʻā ʻana.
3. No ke aha ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e hoʻokuke i ka mea ʻeli a hoʻoneʻe paha i ka bākeke: ʻO ka mīkini diesel a i ʻole ka ʻenekini e holo ana he hui pū ʻia o nā kumu puhi ahi: kahi 400-a-600-degree-Celsius (750-a-1,100-degree-Fahrenheit) exhaust manifold a me turbocharger, hoʻomaka ka ʻenekini, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenekini. mahuka**. Inā hoʻomohu ka ʻenekini diesel holo ʻana i ke kinoea maoli a i ʻole ka mahu propane ma o kāna kānana hoʻokomo ea, hana ke kinoea ma ke ʻano he wahie pau ʻole i loko o nā pahu; e hoʻohuli ʻole ʻia ka ʻenekini diesel ma mua o ka laina ʻulaʻula ma hope o kou hoʻohuli ʻana i ke kī a hiki i ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke koʻokoʻo hoʻohui ma ka poloka ʻenekini i ka pahū ʻana o nā hunaahi a me ka ʻaila, e hoʻopau ana i ke ao holoʻokoʻa.
4. E waiho i nā mea hana lima, nā ʻōpala, a me nā ʻaukeke e noho ana ma ka ʻauwaha:
5. Mai ʻohi i kahi ʻōahi kila a i ʻole ʻauger mai loko mai o kahi ʻauwaha honi; ʻO ka ʻili ʻana i ke kila me ka ʻiliʻili a i ʻole ka pā paipu kila e hoʻolei i kahi huna wela ma ka puka kinoea.
6. Mai ʻoki hou i ka lepo i loko o ka ʻauwaha no ka "hoʻohuhi" i ka leki kinoea: ʻO ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i ka lepo ma luna o kahi laina kinoea naha ʻaʻole ** ** hoʻōki i ke kinoea kaomi; aka, o ka uhi ana i ka piko o ka auwaha, e hooikaika i ke kinoea i kaomiia e hele ma ka aoao malalo o ka lepo ma o na moena iliili porous, na auwai Farani, na auwaha uwila, a me na aoao hili i pololei iloko o na basements a me na wahi kolo o na hale e kokoke ana, kahi e puhi ai ke kukui pailaka a i ole ka umu ahi e puhi ai i ka hale a pau mai kona kahua; ike pilikia leak gas.
7. E hoʻokuʻu i nā mea a pau UPWIND a UPHILL ma kahi o 100 a 300 mika (330 a 1,000 kapuaʻi):
8. E nānā i ka puhi ʻana i ka lepo, nā lau lāʻau, a i ʻole nā hae no ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka makani, a e hele i ka ʻauwaha.
9. No kahi laina lawelawe plastik melemele hale, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke anapuni o ka liʻiliʻi loa o 100 mika (330 kapuaʻi); no ke alanui nui a i ʻole ka paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe, e haʻalele 300 a 800 mika (1,000 a 2,600 kapuaʻi).
10. I kou hele ʻana, e hoʻōho waha i nā kamaʻāina kokoke a me nā mea hele wāwae e haʻalele koke i kēlā wahi me ka wāwae. Mai hoʻokani i nā bele puka uwila, hoʻololi i nā hoʻololi kukui, a i ʻole e hoʻomaka i nā kaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻa ʻohi i loko o ka wahi hoʻokuʻu.
11. Mai hoʻāʻo e pani iā ʻoe iho i nā ʻea kinoea ma lalo o ka honua:
12. Mai hookomo i ka wili-T ma luna o ka pahu pahu alahao hao i kanuia ma hope o ka hahau kinoea. ʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka valve hāʻawi hewa ʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ke kaomi kinoea ma ka ʻaoʻao hewa o ka loop a i ʻole e hoʻopau i nā mea hoʻomehana wai a me nā boilers ma kahi kaiāulu a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kinoea maka i loko o ka hale ke loli ke kaomi. ʻO nā poʻe hoʻohana kinoea i hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale ʻia me nā mea hana hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā hōʻailona kinoea hiki ke pani i nā kiwi nui.
13. E kelepona iā 911 / 112 / 999 MUA mai kahi mamao palekana, a laila e kelepona i ka helu pilikia pilikia kinoea:
14. E hāʻawi i ka mea hoʻouna i ka helu o ke alanui a i ʻole nā hoʻonohonoho GPS, e haʻi iā lākou i ke anawaena a me nā mea o ka paipu i hahau ʻia (e laʻana, "1-inihi melemele ʻoihana laina lawelawe" a i ʻole "4-inihi kila ma ke alanui nui"), a e hōʻike inā e puhi manuahi ana ke kinoea i ka lewa a kokoke paha i nā hale.

Manaʻo 2: Paʻi ʻana i kahi uwea uila uila i kanu ʻia¶

No ke aha e lilo ai ka lepo a puni ka ʻauwaha i kahua uila make (Step and Touch Potential)¶

Lawe ʻia nā uwea hoʻoili uila ma lalo o ka honua i 4,160 volts a 34,500 volts (a ʻo nā uwea hoʻouna ma lalo o ka honua e lawe 69,000 a 345,000+ volts) i loko o nā mea hoʻokele keleawe a i ʻole alumini i hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi puʻu lepo concentric neutral.

I ka wā e ʻoki ai ka niho ʻeli kila, ka bit jackhammer, ke koʻokoʻo wili kuhikuhi, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana auger post-hole i ka insulation polymeric o ke kaula kumu lalo: 1. The Arc Flash Blast: Hiki ke kaapuni pōkole ma ka ʻauwaha, e hoʻoheheʻe ana i ke keleawe a me ke kila i loko o ke kinipōpō plasma ma 15,000 a i 20,000 degere Celsius (27,000 a 36,000 degere Fahrenheit) i hui pū ʻia me ka pū puhi ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me ka polū; ike ʻo ke ahi arc flash a me ke kuni uila kiʻekiʻe. 2. Ke hoʻomau nei ka poʻe Reclosers Automatic i ke kī ʻana i ka uila i loko o ke uwea: Mai manaʻo ʻoe no ka mea ua pau ka ʻā ʻana ma hope o 1 kekona ua "make" ke kaula lalo. Hoʻolako ʻia nā mea haʻihaʻi mea hoʻohana me mea hoʻihoʻi ʻakomi i hoʻolālā ʻia e kali i kekahi mau kekona (a i ʻole mau minuke) a hoʻopaʻa ʻakomi i ka mana voli kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ka laina 2 a i 4 mau manawa no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana inā ua pau ka hala. 3. E hoʻopā i ka Potential a me ka Step Potential i ka lepo: - ʻOiai e hoʻopā ana ka pahu ʻeli a i ʻole ka ʻāpana auger i ka mea hoʻokele ola, ʻo ka ke kila holoʻokoʻa, boom, kaʻa, a me nā ala o ka excavator e hoʻoikaika i nā tausani volts. ʻO ka mea e kū ana ma ka lepo i pā i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kaʻa excavator a i ʻole ka bākeke, ua make koke ia (** hiki ke hoʻopā **). - I ka manawa like, kahe ʻia nā tausani amperes o ka hewa i waho o nā ala excavator a me ke kaula i ʻoki ʻia i loko o ka lepo pulu a puni, e pālahalaha ana i waho i nā apo concentric e like me nā ripples i loko o ka loko. Ma ka lihi auwaha aia ka lepo ma 10,000 volts, oiai 1 mika (3.3 kapuai) ka mamao o ka lepo aia ma 7,000 volts, a he 2 mika ka mamao ma 4,500 volts. Inā he 1 mika ka wāwae maʻamau o ka mea hana ma ka honua, kū kekahi wāwae ma 10,000 volts a ʻo kekahi wāwae e kū ana ma 7,000 volts, e hoʻokele i ka lethal 3,000-volt i luna o kekahi wāwae, ma ka pelvis a me ka puʻuwai, a ma lalo o ka wāwae ʻē aʻe (step potential); ike nā laina mana i hāʻule a me ka uila uila.

ʻO ka protocol ola maoli no nā mea hana a me nā mea hana honua¶

He aha inā inā e hahau ʻoe i kahi kaula i kanu ʻia a me kahi laina kinoea i kanu ʻia i ka ʻauwaha hoʻokahi?¶

I loko o nā mea hoʻohana ma ke kūlanakauhale a me nā "auwaha hui," kanu pinepine ʻia nā kaula uila a me nā laina kinoea maoli i loko o 30 a 60 kenimika (1 a 2 kapuaʻi) o kekahi i kekahi. Inā nahā ka laina kinoea e kekahi mea ʻeli a hoʻopōʻino i ke kaula uila i ka manawa hoʻokahi (a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i 100 pākēneka i ka ʻike inā e hoʻoikaika ʻia ka mīkini i ka wā e kanikau ana ke kinoea):

1. E pani koke i ke kī hoʻāla OFF.
2. E hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana lele a me ka puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe e haʻalele i ke kaʻa: E lele i waho o ke kaʻa e hoʻopaʻa ai me ʻelua mau wāwae i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i ke kaʻa a me ka lepo i ka manawa hoʻokahi, e hoʻokuʻi me nā wāwae ʻelua no ka 15 mau mika (50 kapuaʻi) mua e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kekahi wahi e hiki ai ke kaʻina uila, a laila e hele wikiwiki i 00 mau mika a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi loa 00 1,000 kapuai)**.

Pehea e pale ai i nā mea hoʻohana i kanu ʻia: ʻO ka 811 / "Call Before You Dig" a me nā lula hoʻomanawanui lima¶

Hiki ke pale ʻia ka 99 pakeneka o nā mea hoʻohana ma lalo o ka honua ma o ka hahai ʻana i nā kānāwai ʻeli honua ʻelima:

• E hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu lawelawe "Call Before You Dig" 2 a 3 mau lā ʻoihana ma mua o ka ʻeli ʻana (ʻoiai no nā pou pa, nā pou pahu leta, a i ʻole ke kanu lāʻau): Ke kelepona ʻana iā 811 (US/Kanada) a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāu puka pūnaewele aupuni he 100 pakeneka manuahi a hoʻouna i nā mea ʻimi pono e pena a hae i nā laina lalo o ka lehulehu a hiki i ka mika.
• E hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole hōʻailona ka poʻe ʻimi mea hoʻohana lehulehu i nā laina i kanu ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku: ʻO ka poʻe ʻimi 811 lehulehu wale ke kaha i nā laina mai ke alanui nui a hiki i ka meka pono. ʻAʻole lākou ** hōʻailona i nā laina i kanu ʻia e holo ana ma hope o ka mika, e like me nā laina kinoea i ka hale hoʻomehana loko o hope a i ʻole ka hale kaʻa kaʻawale, nā laina propane i kanu ʻia mai kahi pahu pā, nā laina uila i kahi punawai a i ʻole nā ​​laina septic/sprinkler. E hoʻolimalima i kahi mea hoʻohana pono electromagnetic ponoʻī e hōʻailona i nā laina o ka pā hale pilikino.
• E hoʻolohe i ka "Hand-Dig Tolerance Zone" he 45-a-60-kenimika (18-a-24-inihi) pono ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o kēlā me kēia kaha pena: Mai ʻeli me ka pahu hoʻoheheʻe mechanical, backhoe, auwaha, a i ʻole ka mana auger i loko o **45 a 60 kenimika (18 a 24 mau kenimika. I loko o kēlā ʻāpana hoʻomanawanui, pono ʻoe e hōʻike ("pothole / daylight") i ka paipu i kanu ʻia a i ʻole ke kaula ma ka lima me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka poe ʻaoʻao fiberglass-hand shovels a i ʻole hydro-excavation (vacuum potholing) a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike kino i ka laina.
• Hooki koke i ka ʻeli ʻana i ka wā e wehe ai ʻoe i ka lipine ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ma lalo o ka honua: Ke kanu nei nā mea hana i ka plastic kala ʻulaʻula lepe ʻōlelo aʻo hiki ke ʻike ʻia 15 a 30 kenimika (6 a 12 ʻīniha) ma luna pono ka paipu kinoea maoli a i ʻole ke kaula uila kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka huki ʻana i kahi lipine plastik melemele a ʻulaʻula paha i loko o kāu ʻōpala, ʻo ia ka mea e noho ana ke kinoea ola a i ʻole ke kaula uila kiʻekiʻe e noho ana ma lalo o kou maka.
• E hōʻike koke i kēlā me kēia nick, dent, gouge, a ʻoki ʻia paha uea tracer: ʻOiai ʻaʻole e kahe ka paipu kinoea plastik melemele, ʻo ke ʻoki ʻana i ke keleawe lahilahi wiea tracer i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka paipu palaki e hiki ʻole ai i nā mea ʻimi e hiki mai ana ke ʻike i ke kumu kinoea, a ʻo kahi gouge i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 pākēneka o ka mānoanoa o ka pā paipu e nahaha ma lalo o ka hau hau hoʻoilo.

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

Inā ʻoe e paʻi, liki, a hōʻike paha i kahi laina kinoea i kanu ʻia i poino a i ʻole ke kaula uila ma lalo o ka honua:

• ** ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada:**
• Ka leki kinoea a i ʻole ka uila uila: E kelepona iā 911 MUA mai ka liʻiliʻi loa 100 mika (330 kapuaʻi) i ka makani, a laila e kelepona i ka helu ulia pōpilikia 24-hola o kou wahi. (Mai kāhea aku iā 811 i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu kinoea a i ʻole ka pilikia uila; 811 ma US a me ClickBeforeYouDig.com ma Kanada he mau lawelawe ʻimi mua ʻana, ʻaʻole ka hoʻouna ulia pōpilikia).
• Hoʻoponopono ʻia e OSHA 29 CFR 1926.651(b) (Underground Installations in Excavation), PHMSA (Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, 49 CFR Parts 192 and 195), the Common Ground Alliance (CGA) Best Practices, and **CSA Z247 Prevention of Canada.
• United Kingdom:
• ** Makai / Kinai / Ambulance:** E kelepona iā 999 a i ʻole 112.
• Nā Hana Hoʻopiʻi Kūʻē Kūʻē Kūʻē Kūʻai Kūʻai (24-hola holo kinoea ma waena o Pelekane Nui): E kelepona iā 0800 111 999 me ka uku ʻole.
• National Power Cut & Underground Cable Strike Emergency Line: E kelepona iā 105 me ka uku ʻole.
• Hoʻomalu ʻia e ka Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Guidance HSG47 (Avoiding Danger from Underground Services) a me ka Energy Networks Association (ENA).
• European Union: E kelepona iā 112 no ka hoʻopakele ʻana i ke ahi a me ka ulia pōpilikia, a ukali ʻia e kāu helu ulia pōpilikia.
• Australia a me Aotearoa:
• Hoʻopakele pilikia: Kāhea iā 000 ma Australia a i ʻole 111 ma New Zealand.
• Ma mua o kou ʻeli ʻana i nā lawelawe Pre-Excavation: Ma mua o kou ʻeli ʻana iā Australia (BYDA, 1100) a me beforeUdig New Zealand (0800 248 344). Hoʻomalu ʻia e Safe Work Australia (Excavation Work Code of Practice) a me AS 5488 (Classification of Subsurface Utility Information).
• India a me Asia-Pākīpika: E kelepona iā 112 ma India (a me 1906 no nā pilikia līlū LPG/gas), 119 ma Iapana a me South Korea, a i ʻole 995 ma Singapore.

Nīnau pinepine¶

No ke aha e hoʻopau ai au i kaʻu ʻenekini excavator a waiho i loko o ka ʻauwaha inā e pā au i kahi laina kinoea, ma kahi o ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ka mīkini?¶

ʻO ka hoʻokele ʻana i kahi ʻeli holo, backhoe, a i ʻole skid-steer i loko o ke kinoea maoli a i ʻole ke ao mahu propane ke kumu nui o ka pahū ʻana o ka pipeline i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana. ʻO ka ʻenekini holo ʻana he ʻulaʻula wela, nā pulupulu alternator, a me nā relay uila e hoʻā ai i ke ao kinoea ke neʻe ʻoe. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻino, inā hoʻomohu ka ʻenekini diesel e holo ana i ka mahu kinoea maoli i loko o kona komo ʻana i ka ea, hoʻopau ke kinoea i nā pahu me ka ʻole kaohi ʻole ("holo holo ʻana o ka ʻenekini diesel"), e hoʻāla ai ka ʻenekini a pahū ʻoiai ma hope o kou hoʻopau ʻana i ke kī. E hoʻopau koke i ke kī hoʻāla i loko o nā kekona 2 mua, e waiho i ka mīkini i kona wahi e noho ai, a e hele i ka makani ma kahi o 100 a 300 mau mika (330 a 1,000 kapuaʻi).

No ke aha he mea pōʻino loa ke kulou, pelu, a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi paipu kinoea ʻeleʻele melemele i ʻoki ʻia e hoʻōki i ka leak?¶

Ke pahū ʻia ke kinoea kūlohelohe maloʻo maloʻo ma o ka paipu plastik polyethylene (PE), ʻo ke kuʻi ʻana o ke kinoea e holo wikiwiki ana i ka paia paipu plastik e hoʻohua ai i ʻumi tausani volts o ka uila static (triboelectric charging) ma ka ʻili plastik. Inā komo ʻoe i loko o ka ʻauwaha e kulou i ka paipu plastik, e pipili iā ia me nā ʻili hao hao, a i ʻole e kāʻei i ka lipine a puni, lele ka uila uila mai ka paipu plastik i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kou lima a i ʻole mea paahana i loko pono o ke kahawai ʻea e pakele ai, e hoʻā ana i ka lapalapa ʻana o ka ipukukui kiʻekiʻe ma kou alo. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana kinoea hoʻohana i nā mea hana hydraulic/mechanical squeeze-off kūikawā ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka paipu e hiki ke ʻoki palekana i kahi laina kinoea plastik.

No ke aha ʻaʻole pono iaʻu e ʻohi hou i ka lepo i loko o ka lua e uhi ai i kahi leki kinoea hoʻoheheʻe?¶

ʻO ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka lepo ma luna o kahi paipu kinoea e kahe ana, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻōki i ka puka ʻana o ke kinoea kaomi; ālai wale ia i ke kinoea mai ka puka ʻole ʻana i luna i ka lani ākea. Ke uhi ʻia e ka lepo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna, ua koi ʻia ke kinoea kūlohelohe i kaomi ʻia e hele i lalo ma lalo o ka lepo ma o ka ʻiliʻili moe paipu, nā ʻauwaha hili, a me nā ʻauwaha uila i loko o nā haʻahaʻa a me nā kumu o nā hale a me nā ʻoihana kokoke, e hoʻohuli i kēlā mau hale i mau pōkā. E haʻalele mau i ka ʻauwaha a haʻalele i ka makani.

Inā pā ka'u bākeke excavator i ke kaula uila uila ki'eki'e i kanu 'ia, no ke aha e noho ai au i loko o ke ka'a ma mua o ka pi'i 'ana i waho?¶

ʻOiai e hoʻopā ana ka bākeke kila i kahi uwea lalo 13,800-volt i pōʻino, ua uwila ʻia ke kiʻi kila holoʻokoʻa o ka excavator, a ke kahe nei nā tausani amperes o ke au ma nā ala i ka lepo a puni, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka lepo a hiki i 15 mika (50 kapuaʻi) a puni ka ʻauwaha. ʻOiai ʻoe e noho holoʻokoʻa i loko o ke kaʻa, ʻaʻohe uila e kahe i kou kino. Eia naʻe, inā e piʻi ʻoe i lalo i nā ʻanuʻu a hoʻopā i ka lima kaʻa metala me kou lima i ka wā e kau ana i kou wāwae ma ka honua, e lilo ʻoe i alahaka no nā tausani volts e hele pololei i loko o kou puʻuwai (** touch potential**). E noho i loko o ke kaʻa a hōʻoia ka hui uila ua pau ka laina, a i ʻole ke ahi ke kaʻa, e lele mālie me nā wāwae ʻelua e paʻa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a shuffle/bunny-hop 15 mika (50 kapuaʻi) ka mamao.

He aha inā ʻoki wale kaʻu ʻōahi i waho o kahi paipu kinoea ʻeleʻele melemele me ka ʻole o ka lī?¶

Pono ʻoe e hoʻōki i ka ʻeli ʻana, waiho ʻia ka paipu me ka uhi ʻole ʻia, a kāhea koke i ka hui hoʻohana kinoea e nānā iā ia - me ke kumu kūʻai ʻole ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻāina āpau inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi tikiki huli. ʻO ka paipu kinoea polyethylene e hilinaʻi i kona mānoanoa o ka paia e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaomi kūloko i nā makahiki he nui; ʻO ka ʻili ʻana o ka niho shovel a i ʻole ka niho backhoe i ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma mua o 10 pakeneka o ka mānoanoa o ka pā e hana i kahi ala hoʻoluhi koʻikoʻi e wehe pinepine i nā mahina ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka lepo, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ka leki kinoea huna. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana i ka uhi pale melemele mai kahi paipu kinoea kila e ʻeleʻele ai ka makū o ka lepo ma o ka pā kila.

ʻO ke kelepona ʻana iā 811 ("Kahea Ma mua o kou ʻeli ʻana") hōʻailona i kēlā me kēia kinoea i kanu ʻia a me ka laina uila ma koʻu waiwai?¶

ʻAʻole. ʻAʻole nā ​​lawelawe ʻimi pono lehulehu (e like me 811 ma US) e hōʻailona wale i nā laina ponoʻī e holo ana mai ke alanui nui a hiki i ka **meka pono**. ʻAʻole ** ʻike lākou i kahi o nā laina i kanu ʻia e ka mea kūʻai ("private") e holo ana ma hope o ka mika - e like me ke laina kinoea kanu e holo ana mai kou mika hale a i kahi pahu hoʻoheheʻe o hope, mea hoʻomehana wai, a i ʻole hale hana kaʻawale, kahi laina propane keleawe i kanu ʻia mai kahi pahu pā, a i ʻole laina uila i lalo i kahi kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​kukui ʻāina. Inā ʻoe e ʻeli ana i loko o ka pā hale a i ʻole ka hale kalepa ma mua o ka mika nui, pono ʻoe e nānā i nā moʻolelo hoʻonohonoho waiwai a i ʻole e hoʻolimalima i kahi mea pono ponoʻī ma mua o ka ʻeli ʻana.

• Hāʻawi kēia alakaʻi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ola pilikia no ka paipu kinoea i kanu ʻia a me nā uwea uila ma lalo o ka honua a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka OSHA/HSE excavation hoʻomaʻamaʻa kanaka a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono hana. E noʻonoʻo e lawe i kahi kōkua mua, mālama i ke ahi, a me ka papa CPR mai ke Keʻa ʻulaʻula, St John Ambulance, a i ʻole kahi hui hoʻomaʻamaʻa olakino pilikia kūloko.*

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• ʻO nā pilikia leak kinoea a me nā ʻala kinoea
• Nā laina mana i lalo a me ka uila uila
• ʻO ke ahi uila, nā mea hoʻololi uila kiʻekiʻe, a me ke ahi
• Hāʻule ka scaffolding, ke ana ʻauwaha, a hāʻule ke kūkulu ʻana

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• ʻO ka hoʻokele palekana o ka Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA, US Department of Transportation) a me Common Ground Alliance (CGA, United States): Pipeline Damage Prevention Best Practices and Excavation Strike Emergency Response
• ʻO ka hoʻoponopono palekana a me ke ola kino (OSHA, United States): Nā ʻeli ʻana - nā mea hoʻonoho ma lalo o ka honua (29 CFR 1926.651(b)) a me ka palekana uila i ke kūkulu ʻana.
• Luna Hoʻokele Ola a me Palekana (HSE, United Kingdom): Ke ʻalo nei i ka pōʻino mai nā lawelawe ma lalo o ka honua (Guidance Series HSG47)
• Energy Networks Association (ENA, United Kingdom) a me Institution of Gas Engineers and Managers (IGEM): Kāleka Strike Avoidance and Safe Control of Gas Escapes
• Safe Work Australia: Code of Practice Work Excavation (Managing Risks of Underground Essential Services)