Ke ʻā a ʻaʻa ʻole ke ahi o ka lau o ka pā hale¶

Ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa, a me Australia, ** pakele i nā ʻōpala o nā hale i ke ahi**, nā puʻu pulupulu ma hope o ka hale, nā puʻu lau o ka hāʻule, nā pahu ʻōpala o ka māla, a me nā ʻauwaha ʻai ʻai, ʻo ia ka ** kumu helu ʻekahi kanaka o ke ahi ahi**, ʻoi aku ma mua o 28 a 35 pakeneka o nā ʻā ahi ahi āpau. ʻO ka mea e hoʻomaka ana i ke kakahiaka mālie ma ke ʻano he puʻu liʻiliʻi he 1.5 mika (5 kapuaʻi) hiki ke mālama ʻia o nā lālā ʻoki a me nā lau maloʻo e hoʻololi i kahi pilikia hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o 30 kekona ke pā mai ka makani wela o ke ahiahi a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 30 pakeneka. ʻO nā lānahu lau ʻālohilohi (ahi) lele i waho o ke kolamu wela convective a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka lāʻau maloʻo maloʻo 15 a 45 mau mika (50 a 150 kapuaʻi) ma lalo o ka makani, a i ʻole e ʻā ana ka wela i ka mauʻu make e puni ana i kahi puʻupuʻu ākea. I loko o nā wahie maloʻo maloʻo (mauu mauu make, mauʻu, nā kola pine, a i ʻole ka ʻōpala palaoa), palahalaha ke ahi ma ka makani ma 3 a 10 kilomita i ka hola (2 a 6 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola) ma ka ʻāina palahalaha a hiki i 15 a 22 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola (9 a 14 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola) i uka, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka hiki i ke kanaka makua ke holo i ka hose.

ʻOi aku ka pōʻino ma mua o ka lilo ʻana o ka waiwai ʻo ka Homeowner Overexertion and Smoke-Inhalation Trap: i kēlā me kēia pūnāwai a me ka hāʻule ʻana, loaʻa i nā mea hale kuaʻāina a me nā mahiʻai hoʻokipa i ka maʻi puʻuwai make, nā wela wela o ke ea, a i ʻole ka asphyxiation carbon monoxide e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻopau i ke poʻo ʻā (i lalo o ka makani. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa, inā e hāʻule ka makani makani i ka mānoanoa o ke kūlanakauhale a i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu i kāu pūnāwai i ka wā o ke ahi kuaʻāina, e make koke ka punawai hohonu uila, e waiho maloʻo loa ana nā paipu kīhāpai i ka hele ʻana o ke ahi i kāu pā hale, propane tank, a me ka hale. ʻIke ** i ka manawa e ho'ōki ai i ka hakakā a kāhea iā 911 **, pehea e hoʻouka ai i ke ahi mauʻu mai ka ** hope "ʻeleʻele" heleuma ma nā ʻaoʻao **, pehea e pale ai i ke kuaʻāina ** nā pahu propane a me nā holoholona **, a pehea e kau ai i kahi ** IBC tote / PTO kahu kahu a me ka tractor disc firebreak ** e mālama i kou ola a me kou home home.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. E kelepona i kāu helu pilikia kūloko (911 ma US a me Kanada, 112 ma ka EU, 999 ma UK, 000 ma Australia) ʻo ka LUA LOA ka pulupulu a i ʻole ke ahi lau e ʻaʻa i kou apo i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a i ʻole e ʻā ana i kahi ahi lua. E nānā i kā mākou helu pilikia papa kuhikuhi. **Mai kali i 5 mau minuke e "ʻike inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu iā ʻoe iho ma mua." ke kāhea koke ʻana i nā kaʻa kinai ahi ʻoiai ʻo ke ahi he 6 mika (20 kapuaʻi) ākea ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka paipu 5 mau minuke a nalowale kou hale a me nā home o nā hoalauna.
2. ** ʻAʻole loa e kū i mua o ka ʻaoʻao alakaʻi o ka makani ("ke Poʻo") o ka mauʻu e neʻe ana a i ʻole ke ahi pulupulu.800 degrees Celsius+ / 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit+), a hoʻokuke pololei i ka paia o ka uahi wela a me ka carbon monoxide i loko o kou māmā.
3. **Inā aia ka lōʻihi o ka lapalapa ma ka lihi o ka mauʻu ma lalo o 0.5 a 1 mika (1.5 a 3 kapuaʻi) a neʻe mālie, e hoʻouka WALE mai ka "ʻEleʻele" (kahi i puhi ʻia) i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ("The Flanks"), e kui ana i loko. wahi i puhi ʻia no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ke ahi ke poʻi ma hope ou.
4. E haʻalele koke i nā mea hana lima a me nā paipu kīhāpai inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ahi i ka 1.2 mika (4 kapuaʻi) ke kiʻekiʻe, inā e hoʻolei ka makani i nā lāʻau ahi i mua ou, a i ʻole e hoʻomaka ke ahi e piʻi i uka. E hoʻi i kou hale a me ke ala kaʻa, e hoʻoneʻe i nā kaʻa mai ke ala uahi me nā kī i waiho ʻia i loko o ka pahu ahi, a hoʻomākaukau i ke anapuni koke o kou home he 9-mika (30 mika)
5. E pani i ka pahu lawelawe keleawe nui ma luna o kāu pahu pahu Propane (LP Gas) kuaʻāina a holoi i nā mauhele a pau, wahie, a me nā mea ʻili i loko o 3 mika (10 kapuaʻi) o ka pahu. Mai haʻalele i nā mīkini ʻokiʻoki, nā kini kinoea, a i ʻole nā ​​cushions ma kahi kokoke i kahi pahu propane a i ʻole nāʻaoʻao hale i ke kokoke ʻana o ke ahi mauʻu.
6. **Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi tractor me kahi ʻōpala diski, rototiller, a i ʻole ka pahu hoʻouka a aia ke ahi ma kahi ākea e mamao aku i nā hale, e ʻoki i kahi pahu ahi-mineral-ʻeleʻele ma mua pono o ka FLANK (ʻaʻole loa i mua o ke ahi e holo wikiwiki ana).

Rapid Triage: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kēia mea i pakele i ke ahi me ka palekana, a i ʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻi i ka Structure Defense?¶

flowchart TD
    A["Paʻa ʻana o ke ahi i loko o ka mauʻu / nā lāʻau"] --> B["KANAWAI 1: E kelepona iā 911 / 112 / 999 / 000 koke - Mai hoʻopaneʻe"]
    B --> C{"E nānā i ka lōʻihi o ke ahi, ka makani, a me ke ʻano wahie"}
    C -->|Flames < 1 m / 3 ft in Short Grass, Low Wind, Hose Reaches| D["Hoʻouka ʻia ʻo Flank Attack mai ka Lae heleuma ʻeleʻele"]
    C -->|Flames > 1.2 m / 4 ft, High Wind, Spotting Embers, or Uphill Run| E["ABANDON FIELD ATTACK: Retreate to Home & Structure Defense"]
    D --> F["1. Hoʻopau i ke kumu o ke ahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ka ʻākau."]
    E --> G["1. E pani i ka pahu pahu wai propane kuaaina 2. e nee i na ka'a a me na puka hale pahele hamama 3. hale pulu & 3 m (10 ft) wahi mulch a puni ka hale"]
    F --> H["Cold-Trail Mop-Up: ʻAuwaha 30 knm ʻO ka ʻāina Minerala ʻole a puni ka ʻāpana a pau a hoʻomoe i kēlā me kēia aʻa puhi."]
    G --> I["E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke alanui no nā kaʻa palaki o ka Oihana Kinai Ahi a me nā ʻauahi kuhikuhi i ka pahu wai / loko"]

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ahi ahi a me ke ahi ʻo Wildland matrix hoʻoholo (NWCG Standards)¶

Hoʻohana ka poʻe puhi ahi o Wildland (ma lalo o US National Wildfire Coordinating Group / NWCG a me nā kūlana ahi kūwaho kūloko o ka honua) e hoʻohana i ka Flame Length ma ka lihi mua o ke ahi e hoʻoholo koke ai inā hiki i ke kanaka me nā mea hana lima a i ʻole ka hose ke ola e kū kokoke ana i ke laina ahi:

Pehea e hoʻopau ai i ka mauʻu a i ʻole ke ahi lau i pakele (The Flank & Anchor Method)¶

Inā komo wale kāu puʻu pulupulu i pakele i loko o ka mauʻu pōkole a i ʻole nā moena kīhāpai a ʻo ka lapalapa ʻana ma lalo o 1 mika (3 kapuaʻi) ke kiʻekiʻe**, pehea ʻoe e hoʻokokoke ai i ke ahi e hoʻoholo ai inā ʻoe e hoʻopau iā ia i loko o 3 mau minuke a paʻa paha i ka uahi.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|        THE FLANK & ANCHOR ATTACK (NEVER FIGHT FROM THE FRONT)           |
|                                                                         |
|                     [ UNBURNED DRY GRASS / WOODS ]                      |
|                                  ^                                      |
|                           ^^^^^^^|^^^^^^^  <-- THE HEAD (Downwind)      |
|                         /  HOT & SMOKY   \     DO NOT STAND HERE        |
|                        /   FAST MOVING    \                             |
|       LEFT FLANK -->  |                    | <-- RIGHT FLANK            |
|     (Work Up This     |   [ THE BLACK ]    |   (Work Up This            |
|      Side Edge)       |  Already Burned &  |    Side Edge)              |
|                        \   Cooled Ash     /                             |
|                         \_______  _______/                              |
|                                 ||                                      |
|                     [ ORIGINAL BRUSH PILE / REAR ]                      |
|                     * START HERE (ANCHOR POINT) *                       |
|                                                                         |
|                     ^^^ WIND DIRECTION IS UPWARD ^^^                    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. E hoʻokumu i kāu "Anchor Point" ma hope a hana i loko o "The Black"¶

1. E hoʻomaka ma ka hope (upwind base) o ke ahi i pakele: ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao hope o ke ahi, loaʻa ka lapalapa haʻahaʻa loa, a he ** ea hanu maʻemaʻe** e puhi ana ma kou kua.
2. E mālama i hoʻokahi kapuaʻi ma "Ka ʻeleʻele": Ma ke ahi ahi, ʻo "The Black" ka ʻāpana mauʻu i pau i ke ahi. I ka wā e ʻā ai ka mauʻu maikaʻi, e maʻalili ka lehu ʻeleʻele lahilahi i 15 a 30 kekona a ʻaʻohe wahi wahie i koe e ʻā hou**. Ma ke kū ʻana me kou mau kāmaʻa i loko o ka mauʻu i puhi ʻia (a i ʻole ma ke ala ʻiliʻili) a me ka pulupulu ʻana i waho ma ka Left Flank and Right Flank, ʻaʻole hiki i ke ahi ke uhi a puni ʻoe, a ke hanu nei ʻoe i ka ea maʻemaʻe ma mua o ka carbon monoxide.
3. E hoʻoholo i ka Nozzle Hose ma ke kumu o ka Flame Edge (Fuel, Not Smoke):
   • E hoʻonoho i kāu nozzle hose kīhāpai i kahi cone spray 30-degere ololi a i ʻole jet sweeping (e mahuka ana ka noe ākea i ka makani ma mua o ka pulu ʻana i nā kumu mauʻu; hoʻopau ke kahawai penikala paʻa i ka wai i loko o hoʻokahi lua liʻiliʻi).
   • Holoi i ka wai i hope a i waho pono ma ka hui 10 kenimika (4-inihi) kahi e hui ai ka lapalapa me nā aʻa mauʻu ʻaʻole i puhi ʻia, e hoʻomaʻalili i ka ʻaoʻao ʻā a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi 30 kenimika (1 kapuaʻi) o ka mauʻu i puhi ʻole ʻia ma waho pono o ka laina.
   • Paʻi i kou Puu Pahu Rubber Mai ka Heheʻe: Inā ʻoe e kauo i ka puʻu vinyl kaomi ʻia a i ʻole ka hose kīhāpai lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o nā lānahu e ʻā mau ana o ka puʻu pulupulu kumu, e pohā ka paipu i loko o 10 kekona, e ʻoki ana i kou wai i ka manawa ʻino loa. E hoʻokele i ka paipu a puni i nā lāʻau puʻu pulupulu wela.

2. He aha ka mea e hoʻohana ai inā ʻaʻole hiki i kāu hose kīhāpai i ka lihi ahi¶

Inā ua kolo ke ahi ma mua o ka lōʻihi o kāu hose kīhāpai (15 to 30 meters / 50 to 100 feet):

• ʻeke Burlap Wet / ʻeke hānai / kāwele pulupulu kahiko ("Fire Swatter"): Hoʻomoʻu i kahi ʻeke ʻuala koʻikoʻi, kāwele kāwele, a i ʻole kāwele ʻauʻau pulupulu mānoanoa i loko o kahi bākeke wai 20-lita (5-galani). E kuʻi a kauo (holoi) i ka ʻeke pulu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mauʻu e ʻaʻa ana i ka ʻEleʻele i puhi ʻia (ʻaʻole e hoʻoluliluli i luna, e hoʻoheheʻe i ka oxygen i loko o ka lāʻau ahi a hoʻolei i nā ʻula i ka mauʻu maloʻo).
• ** Koʻo Paʻa Paʻa Lōʻihi a i ʻole ʻO ke Kakaka Metala:** E ʻoki i kahi ʻauwaha lepo ʻole **45-a-60 kenimika (18-a-24-ini) ma ka ʻaoʻao pono ma ka ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻohi ʻana i nā lau maloʻo a pau, nā nila paina, a me ka ʻala i loko i ke ahi, a laila e hoʻohana i ke kua palahalaha o ka ʻōahi e paʻi i lalo a ʻā.
• ** ʻAʻole loa e hoʻohana i ka mea puhi lau ma luna o ka pulupulu a i ʻole ke ahi mauu ke ʻole i aʻo ʻia me kahi ʻāpana ulu lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: ** hoʻāʻo pinepine ka poʻe hale e hoʻohana i ke kinoea paʻa lima a i ʻole ka mea puhi lau pākaukau e puhi i nā lau mai kahi ahi i pakele. ** ʻO ka puhi ʻana i ka ea wikiwiki loa i loko o ka puʻu pulupulu a i ʻole ka moena lau e ʻā ana e like me ka bellow o ka ʻeleʻele**, e hoʻolele ana i ka puahiohio o nā lāʻau lapalapa he 30 mika (100 kapuaʻi) ma lalo o ka makani i loko o nā kumulāʻau maloʻo a me nā hale ʻai. Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i ka mea puhi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi pahu ahi ma mua loa ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā lau nahele, e puhi i nā lau mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻaʻole i kuni ʻia i loko i ke ahi, mai puhi i nā lāʻau lapalapa ola.

ʻO ka pale ʻana i nā hale ʻāina ʻo Rural Homestead: IBC Water Totes, Well Power Traps, a me Tractor Firebreaks¶

Ma nā ʻeka kuaʻāina, nā mahiʻai hoʻokipa, a me nā home home ʻāina, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ahi o ke kūlanakauhale, a me nā kaʻa palaki o ka ʻoihana kinai ahi (Type 6 engines) hiki i ka 12 a 25 mau minuke a hiki. Pehea ʻoe e hoʻokele ai i kāu lako wai, tractor, propane tank, a me nā hale ʻai i kēlā mau minuke 15 e hoʻoholo ai i ka mea e ola ai.

1. ʻO ka Pahele ʻEleʻele ʻEleʻele (A no ke aha e mālama ai nā Pump Gasoline i nā mahiʻai)¶

ʻO ka haʻohaʻo nui loa no ka poʻe nona ka hale kuaʻāina i ka wā o ka mauʻu a i ʻole ke ahi pulupulu, ʻo ia ka nalo ʻana i ke kaomi wai mai ko lākou luawai hohonu ponoʻī:

• No ke aha i make ai ka luawai i ke ahi: A i ʻole e ʻā ana ke ahi i pakele ma lalo o ka hāʻule o ka lawelawe uila ma luna o ke poʻo e hele ana i kou pole, e hoʻohiolo i ka mea haki, ** A i ʻole ** inā ʻoe e wehe i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau paipu kīhāpai e hāmama ākea i ka manawa like, e hāʻule kou pahu pahu wai ma lalo o ka. 20 PSI hoʻokuʻu ʻoki haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hoʻopaʻa i ka pamu.
• E mālama i ke kaomi maikaʻi: Holo ** hoʻokahi paipu kīhāpai kiʻekiʻe** (a i ʻole ʻelua mau paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kaomi mau) ma mua o ka wehe ʻana i ʻelima mau spigots waho ākea ākea a hāʻule i kāu pahu kaomi.
• Hoʻomoe i kahi Gravity/Gasoline IBC Tote a i ʻole PTO Sprayer ("Skid Unit"):
  • ʻO kahi maʻamau 1,000-lita (275-galani) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka plastic IBC tote (a i ʻole agricultural poly nurse tank) i kau ʻia i loko o kahi moena kiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻokele waiwai, i hui pū ʻia me kahi $200 2-inihi ʻōpala i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻōpala/puʻi wai (50 mm discharge) a me kahi 15-mika (15-kapuaʻi i ka nahele 30 mau minuke) (40 a hiki i 80 GPM)** kūʻokoʻa i ka mana uila.
  • Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi PTO-driven tractor boom/pasture sprayer a i ʻole ATV spot sprayer, holoi a hoʻopiha ʻia me wai maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe i nā kau wela maloʻo no laila ua mākaukau ia e ʻōwili i loko o 60 kekona.

2. ʻOki ʻana i kahi Disc Tractor Emergency a i ʻole Loader Firebreak me ka palekana¶

Hiki i ka tractor mahiʻai paʻa a pono paha me ka ** disc harrow, PTO rototiller, pahu pahu, a i ʻole ka pahu hoʻoili mua** hiki ke ʻoki i kahi pahu ahi lepo ʻole he 2.5-a-4-mika (8-a-12-kapuai) ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o iwakālua mau kānaka me nā koʻo, ** inā ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ʻekolu mau lula palekana tractor ola a make**:

1. ʻAʻole e hoʻokele pono i ka tractor i mua o ke poʻo o ke ahi mauʻu e holo wikiwiki ana:
   • Loaʻa i ka uahi mauʻu ʻaneʻane ** ʻaʻohe oxygen** a me ka soot kaumaha e hoʻopaʻa koke i ka kānana ea pepa maloʻo o ka tractor a me ka pale radiator, ** hoʻopaʻa pololei i ka mīkini diesel/gasoline ma ke ala o ke ahi**.
   • Eia hou, hiki i nā nāhelehele maloʻo a me ka ʻōpala i hoʻopuni ʻia a puni ka tractor exhaust manifold a i ʻole DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) hiki ke hoʻopau i ka tractor iā ia iho i ke ahi.
2. E ʻoki ma ka ʻaoʻao mua, e ʻoki mālie i ke poʻo: E hoʻomaka i kāu disc a i ʻole ka holo rototiller ma ka wahi heleuma hope a i ʻole ākea ma ka lau makani i ka ea maʻemaʻe, e hoʻohuli i ka mauʻu maloʻo i lalo i lepo pulu ʻole i ʻelua mau ala e kau ana.
3. Inā hoʻopololei ʻia ʻoe e ka Tractor a i ʻole ka uahi, e haʻalele iā ia i loko o ka "The Black": Mai noho ma luna o ka tractor i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i puhi ʻia ke kokoke mai ke ahi. E haʻalele a hele koke i kāu ʻili lepo i mahi ʻia i loko o ka wahi ** ʻEleʻele** i puhi ʻia.

3. Ka Hoomalu ana i na Pahu, Hale Paa, a me na holoholona¶

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       60-SECOND RURAL PROPANE TANK & BARN DEFENSE CHECKLIST             |
|                                                                         |
|  1. SHUT THE PROPANE TANK VALVE: Lift the metal dome lid on your        |
|     500-gallon or 1,000-gallon LP gas tank and turn the brass hand      |
|     wheel CLOCKWISE until tight. This shuts off gas flow into house     |
|     pipes if siding melts.                                              |
|  2. CLEAR 3 METERS (10 FEET) AROUND THE TANK: Kick away any firewood,   |
|     plastic trash cans, tarps, or tall dry weeds touching the tank.     |
|     (If only short grass surrounds a steel propane tank, its internal   |
|     pressure relief valve will vent safely without a BLEVE explosion;   |
|     sustained flame impingement from stacked firewood or brush touching |
|     the dry upper steel shell is what causes a tank rupture.)           |
|  3. LIVESTOCK & HORSES:                                                 |
|     - NEVER lock horses, cattle, sheep, or goats inside a wooden barn   |
|       when a brush fire is approaching (barns trap smoke and ignite     |
|       from roof embers).                                                |
|     - Turn animals out into the LARGEST BARE-DIRT PADDOCK, plowed       |
|       field, or grazed-down pasture with internal cross-fences opened   |
|       so they can move away from smoke on their own.                    |
|     - Remove nylon halters (which melt into skin) and use leather       |
|       halters or livestock crayon ID numbers on hooves/hides.           |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

(No nā kaʻa holo holo holoholona holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻO nā holoholona, nā lio, a me nā mahiʻai hoʻokipa hoʻomaha hoʻokuʻu a me kahi hoʻomaha a Ke ahi ahi.)

Ka pale ʻana i kou hale, ka lāʻau, a me ka māla mai nā lānahu ahi (Zone 0 pale)¶

I ka wā e pakele ai ka pulupulu a lau lau paha i ka ʻauinalā makani, ** ʻaʻole i ʻā nā hale a me nā hale kīhāpai mai ka paia o ke ahi ponoʻī: ʻoi aku ma mua o 80 pakeneka o nā hale i nalowale i ka mauʻu a ʻā ke ahi mai ka makani i puhi ʻia e ka makani ("ʻahi ahi") e pae ana ma luna a i ʻole i ka hale 5 a 30 mau minuke ma mua a ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ke ahi mauʻu**. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ahi e kaua pololei a ua hoʻi ʻoe i kou pā ke kali nei i nā kaʻa ahi:

1. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka "0-a-1.5-Meter (0-a-5-Foot) Ember Ignition Zone" a puni ka Hale Foundation:
   • Huki i nā moena puka fiber, nā noho patio wicker, nā mea hoʻomoe kuʻi, nā lāʻau kedera/ʻili paina, nā mea kanu maloʻo, a me nā wahie i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ** ma kahi liʻiliʻi he 5 a 9 mau mika (16 a 30 kapuaʻi) ka mamao mai nā paia o ka hale, nā papa lāʻau, a me nā hale**.
   • E nānā ma lalo o nā papa lāʻau a me nā lanai a ma hope o nā pūnāwai puka makani lalo, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ai nā eddies i nā lau maloʻo o ka hāʻule ʻana a me nā lāʻau lapalapa i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
2. Paʻa i kēlā me kēia puka makani, ka puka kaʻa, ka puka makani, a me ka puka holoholona:
   • E hele pololei ana nā lānahu lau lele ma nā puka makani hāmama, nā pale o ka hale kupapaʻu/crawlspace, a me nā puka kaʻa ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻā i nā pale, nā moena, a me nā pahu pahu i loko o kou hale ke kū nei ʻoe i waho me ka hose.
3. E Wet Down Bark Mulch, Roof Valleys, and Rain Gutters (Me ka hookahe ole i kou luawai):
   • Inā hoʻopiha ʻia kāu mau ʻauwai ua i nā nila paina maloʻo a i ʻole nā lau o ka hāʻule, e kāpīpī i ka wai i 2 mau minuke ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hale, nā alapiʻi, a me nā moena mulch kumu ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka uahi, a laila pani i ka nozzle i ʻole ʻoe e hoʻopau i kāu pahu kaomi luawai a i ʻole kaomi wai nui e pono ai ma ka hōʻea ʻana i nā kaʻa ahi. (E nana ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o ka wai maloʻo no nā māla no ka lua wai ua a me ka hoʻonohonoho mālama IBC.)

Cold-Trailing and Mop-Up: No ke aha e ho'ā hou ai nā puʻu pulupulu "hoʻopau" i 3 mau lā ma hope¶

ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā mea a pau i pakele i ke ahi o ka pā hale ** 6 a 72 mau hola MA hope o ka manaʻo o ka mea hale ua pau loa ka puʻu ahi a hele i kahi moe a hele i ka hana **.

1. Ke ala ʻana o ka makani i ke ahiahi¶

Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi moena hohonu o ka lehu lāʻau keʻokeʻo e noho ana ma luna o kahi aniani lalo o 600-degere-Celsius (1,100-degree-Fahrenheit) mau lānahu lanahu, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka ua a me ka ʻūhū wai i luna e ka lepo hydrophobic o ka lehu ma luna. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka ʻino, ma ka lepo peaty, ka hohonu o ka ululāʻau, nā aʻa lāʻau popopo, a i ʻole nā ​​puʻupuʻu sawdust/manure kahiko, hiki i ke ahi ke ahi ma lalo o ka lepo me nā aʻa palaho ("ahi aʻa" / ahi honua)* no nā mika ma waho o kou apo kuni me ka ʻole e hōʻike ʻia kahi lapalapa ma ka ʻili. ʻElua lā ma hope mai, i ka wā e pā mai ai ka makani maloʻo he 30-km/h (20-mph) i ka ʻauinalā ma ka pā, wehe ia i ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, pā i nā lanahu ʻulaʻula i kanu ʻia, a hoʻolei i nā lāʻau lapalapa i loko o kou ululāʻau ʻoiai ʻaʻohe kanaka i ka home.

2. ʻO ka 4-Step "Drown, Stir, Trench, and Cold-Trail" Mop-Up Protocol¶

Mai haʻalele i kahi ʻā a i ʻole ke ahi mauʻu a hala i nā ʻanuʻu ʻehā:

1. ** ʻAuwaha a hiki i ka lepo minerala ʻole (30 a 60 knm / 1 a 2 kapuaʻi ka laula):** E ʻoki i ke apo mau o 100 pakeneka lepo minerala ʻole (ʻaʻohe aʻa, ʻaʻohe peat, ʻaʻohe nila paina, ʻaʻohe mulch ʻili) a puni ka wahi a pau i puhi ʻia.
2. E hoʻopololei a hoʻoulu i ka Puʻu Waena a hiki i ke kūlike ʻana o ka lepo: ʻAʻohe mea e hoʻolei ʻia i ka wai ma luna o ka puʻu lehu. Pono ʻoe e wahi i kēlā me kēia lāʻau a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻōpala me ka ʻōʻō a i ʻole ka pahu tractor, e hoʻohuli i ka moena lehu i lalo i ka wā e hoʻokahe ʻia me ka wai a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka puʻu he puu lepo anu, ʻōpala ʻala, a ʻokiʻoki i nā lāʻau popopo e ʻā ana.
3. Hōʻau anu me kou lima ʻaʻohe: Ke kū ka mahu, e hele ma ka ʻaoʻao āpau o waho a paʻa i ke kua o kou lima ʻole, aloha ʻole ʻia i 2 kenimika (1 ʻīniha) ma luna o ka lehu a me ka lepo (a ʻoluʻolu i ka lepo ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho). Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi ** mehana, a i ʻole ʻike ʻoe i kahi puʻupuʻu o ka uahi polū-keʻokeʻo a i ʻole honi i ka uahi lāʻau, e ʻeli i kēlā aʻa a i ʻole ʻeke a kahe hou.
4. E hoʻokō i ka nānā hou ʻana i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi: E nānā i ka wahi kuni ma 1:00 PM a me 4:00 PM (ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ka makani, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa) no ka liʻiliʻi loa 2 a 3 mau lā ma hope o ke kuni ʻana o ka pulupulu.

Kuʻi Kuleana a me nā ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻinikua i ka wā e pakele ai ke ahi¶

Hoʻopaneʻe ka nui o nā mea hale i ke kelepona ʻana 911 i ka wā e pakele ai ka puʻu pulupulu no ka makaʻu e hoʻopaʻi ke keʻena kinai ahi iā lākou a hoʻopaʻi paha iā lākou no nā kaʻa kinai ahi. ** Hiki i kēlā kānalua ke huli a $0 ʻōlelo aʻo i loko o a $500,000 hoopii.**

• Kahea koke ʻana iā 911 i nā bila hoʻopau no ka pakele ʻana i loko o ka pā: Ma kahi kokoke i nā mokuʻāina ʻo US, nā panalāʻau Kanada, a me UK/EU municipal, e kāhea ana i kāu keʻena kinai ahi ** koke ** e kinai i kahi pā liʻiliʻi i pakele i ka hopena i ** ʻaʻohe uku no ka pane ʻana o ke kaʻa kinai ahi** (a i ʻole inā ʻae ʻoe i ke ahi i ke ahi ma ke ahi. ʻAʻohe lā kuni).
• Waiting A Until the Fire Crosses Property Lines Triggers Strict Civil & Statutory Suppression Liability: Inā hoʻopaneʻe ʻoe i ke kelepona ʻana iā 911 no 20 mau minuke ʻoiai e hoʻāʻo ana e hūnā a kaua i ke ahi iā ʻoe iho, a lele ke ahi i kou pā i ka ʻāina ululāʻau mokuʻāina, nā pou pono, a i ʻole ka hale ʻai o kahi hoalauna, nā kānāwai mokuʻāina (e like me ** Code 9 NR / Safety ** 3 NR / Health Code. ʻO nā kānāwai hoʻihoʻi kumu hoʻopau **, a me ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ke kānāwai maʻamau) e hoʻopiʻi i ka mea nāna i ʻae i ke ahi e pakele ** no ka pōʻino waiwai o ka hoalauna A me nā kumukūʻai hoʻopau helicopter/bulldozer mokuʻāina **.
• Ke uhi nei anei ka Inisiua Nona Home i ke ahi i pakele ai? Ae: ma'amau HO-3 Nā Kuleana Ho'opi'i 'Imi Ho'ona Home a me ka Mahiai/Ranch (Coverage E: Personal Liability) uhi maʻamau i ke ahi i hoʻohalahala ʻole ʻia i nā ʻāina a me nā hale e pili ana (a hiki i kāu palena kuleana kumu, maʻamau. $100,000 to $500,000+), ke ʻole ʻoe e hoʻokau i ke ahi ʻino a hūnā paha. E kelepona iā 911 i ka minuke mua loa e mālama i ke ahi ma kāu mauʻu ponoʻī.

Nīnau pinepine¶

Nānā ʻia nā kumu¶

• National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) & United States Forest Service (USFS): * NWCG Incident Response Pocket Guide (IRPG, PMS 461)* (Flame-longth suppression thresholds, LCES safety system, Anchor-and-Flank attack geometry, the "Black" safe zone, and cold-trailing mop-up standards).
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): Firewise USA Guidance on Home Ignition Zones (0-a-5-foot Noncombustible Zone, 5-to-30-foot Lean/Clean/Green Zone) a me nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe pahu pahu LP-Gas (Propane) kuaʻāina (NFPA 58).
• Ke Keʻena Hoʻomalu Kūikawā Federal (FEMA) / U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) & nā keʻena ululāʻau mokuʻāina (CAL FIRE, Texas A&M Forest Service, Oregon ODF): Nā Kūlana Kūlana Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe Kūlohelohe a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke ahiahi / Wind Diurnal Cycle.
• Nā Kikowaena no ka Hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka Kāohi ʻana i ka maʻi (CDC / NIOSH, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa): Nā pilikia o ka hoʻohu ʻana i ka uahi Urushiol mai ka puhi ʻana i ka Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, a me Poison Sumac a me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi hoʻokele tractor rollover/fire.
• ** Mana Kinai Ahi (CFA, Victoria, Australia) & UK National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC):** Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke ahi ahi/ʻauʻau ʻāina ʻāina, ka pale ʻana o ka pahu wai-wai a IBC, a me nā kuʻina puʻuhonua paddock.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Ke ahi ahi
• ʻO ka uahi ahi a me ka inhalation lehu
• ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o ka wai maloʻo no nā māla
• ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka herbicide kemika, ka compost i hoʻohaumia ʻia, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻona o ka lepo
• ʻO nā holoholona, nā lio, a me nā mahiʻai hoʻokipa hoʻomaha hoʻokuʻu a me kahi hoʻomaha
• ʻO ke ola ahi a me ka pakele
• Puhi i ke kōkua mua
• Helu pilikia