Ina ka wera te paraihe o muri, ka mawhiti ranei te ahi i te rau¶
He rereke nga nama ohorere i ia whenua. Ka whakamahia e tenei wharangi te 911, te nama mo te United States me Canada. He maha nga whenua e whakamahi ana i te 112, 999, tetahi atu nama ranei. Kimihia te nama mo to whenua.
Puta noa i Amerika Te Taitokerau, Uropi, me Ahitereiria, i mawhiti mai i te wera o nga whare noho, nga puranga paraihe o muri, nga puranga rau ngahuru, nga peera paru maara, me nga weranga o te maara kai, ko te te take tuatahi o te tangata o te ahi mohoao, neke atu i te 28 ki te 35 paiheneti o nga mura ahi mohoao katoa. Ko te mea ka timata i te ata marino hei puranga iti, 1.5 mita (5-waewae) o nga manga tapatapahia me nga rau maroke ka huri hei ohorere kore e taea te aukati i roto i te iti iho i te 30 hēkona ka pa mai te hau wera o te ahiahi, ka heke iho ranei te haumākū i raro i te 30 ōrau. Ko nga mura o te rau (nga ahi) ka rewa mai i te pou waiariki convective, ka tau ki roto i te karakau maroke 15 ki te 45 mita (50 ki te 150 putu) ki raro i te hau, ka mura ranei te wera o te wera ka mura te tarutaru mate a tawhio noa i roto i te kowhitiwhiti whanui. I roto i nga wahie maroke maroke (te tarutaru kua mate, te taru, te ngira paina, te kakau witi ranei), ka horapa te ahi i runga i te hau i te 3 ki te 10 kiromita ia haora (2 ki te 6 maero ia haora) i runga i te papa papaa me te eke ki te 15 ki te 22 kiromita mo te haora (9 ki te 14 maero ia haora) ka piki ki runga, tere ake i te kaha o te pakeke ki te oma i te maara.
He mea kino atu i te ngaro o nga rawa ko te Kaipoipoi Nui me te Mare Hunga Paoa: ia puna me te ngahuru, ka pangia te ngakau o nga rangatira o nga kainga me nga kaiahuwhenua o te taiwhenua, te wera wera o te huarahi rererangi, te mate waro monoxide ranei e ngana ana ki te patu i te mura o te upoko (i te taha o te hau. Ko te mea kino atu, ki te heke te hau ohorere i te matiti o te taone nui, ka takahia ranei to pakaru puna i te wa o te ahi taiwhenua, ka mate tonu te pamu hiko hohonu, ka maroke katoa nga ngongo ngongo maara i te wa e haere ana te mura ki to whare witi, taika propane me to whare. Ma te mohio ** ka mutu te whawhai me te waea 911, me pehea te patu i te ahi tarutaru mai i te muri "Pango" punga i te taha o nga taha, me pehea te tiaki i nga tuawhenua ** nga taika propane me nga kararehe **, me pehea te whakatakoto i te ** IBC tote / PTO taika nēhi me te tarakihana disc firebreak ** ka ora to oranga me to kainga.
Mahia tenei inaianei¶
- Waea atu ki to nama whawhati tata (
911i te US me Kanata,112i roto i te EU,999i te UK,000i Ahitereiria) ko te TINO TUARUA he paraihe, he rau ahi ranei ka whiti i to mowhiti paenga kua whakakorehia, ka mura ranei he ahi wahi tuarua. Tirohia ta matou tau ohorere whaiaronga. Kaua rawa e tatari mo te 5 meneti ki te "kite mena ka taea e koe te hopu i a koe i te tuatahi." Ka rererua te ahi tarutaru, ka whaa ranei te rahi ia 60 hēkona; te waea tonu atu ki nga miihini ahi i te mea e 6 mita (20 putu) te whanui o te ahi ko te rereketanga i waenga i te tukitukinga ngongo ngongo e 5 meneti me te ngaro o to whare me nga kaainga o nga hoa tata. - **KAUA e tu ki mua o te mata o te hau whakararo ("te Upoko") o te tarutaru neke, te ahi paraihe ranei.
800 degrees Celsius+ / 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit+), ka panaia te pakitara o te paoa o te paoa me te waro monoxide ki roto i o puku. - **Mehemea kei raro tonu te mura o te mura o te tapa o te tarutaru i raro i te 0.5 ki te 1 mita (1.5 ki te 3 putu) me te ata haere, whakaekea ANAKE mai i te "Mapango" (kua wera te whenua) ki runga i nga taha e rua ("Nga Whanake"), ka kowhakina mai ki roto. whakamataohia te waahi wera kia kore e taea e te ahi te takai i muri i a koe.
- Me whakarere tonu nga taputapu a ringa me nga ngongo kari mena ka nui ake te mura o te ahi i te 1.2 mita (4 putu) te teitei, mena ka maka e te awha hau he mura ahi ki mua i a koe, ka timata ranei te ahi ki te piki ki runga. Hoki atu ki to whare me to huarahi, neke atu nga waka ki waho o te huarahi auahi me nga ki e waiho ana i roto i te mura, me te whakarite i te paenga tata o to kainga 9-mita (30 mita) (30 mita)
- Whakawetohia te paera mahi parahi matua ki runga ake o to Taaka Propane (LP Gas) taiwhenua, ka whakawetohia nga tarutaru katoa, wahie, me nga taonga kirihou i roto i te 3 mita (10 putu) o te waka. Kaua rawa e waiho he kaoti kaoti, he ipu hau, he urunga ranei ki te taha o te taika propane me te taha o te whare ka tata mai te mura o te tarutaru.
- **Mena kei a koe he tarakihana me te harrow kōpae, te rototiller, te peere uta ranei kei roto tonu te ahi i te parae matara atu i nga hanganga, tapahia he kohukohu-kohukohu-kohu oneone kei mua tonu i te FLANK (kaua rawa ki mua o te ahi tere tere).
Danger
He aha te tu ki runga, ki raro ranei o te ahi tarutaru "iti" ka mate nga rangatira o te kainga i roto i nga hēkona. e rua nga ture tinana e whakahaere ana i te tarutaru me te ahi paraihe: 1. Hau me 2. Pikitanga (Topography). Mo ia 10 nga nekehanga o te pikinga pikitanga, ka rua te tere o te ahi tarutaru ** (a ki runga i te puke 20-tohu, ka tawha), na te mea ka anga whakamua te mura ki runga i te tarutaru kare i tahuna, ka whakamahana me te mura i mua i te pa atu o te mura. Mena ka puta te wera o te paraihe ki raro o te pari tarutaru, ki runga ake ranei i a koe, kaua rawa e oma ki mua o te ahi, ka ngana ranei ki te tu ki te tihi o te puke. Ko te tumere convective ka rere atu i a koe, ka wera i to huarahi hau i roto i te manawa kotahi. Me mawhiti tonu taha taha (tika ki te hau/paheketanga) ka hoki whakamuri ranei ki roto i te Pango kua wera i te wa kua whakamatao te pungarehu angiangi mo te 15 hēkona.
Te Whakataetae Tere: Ka taea e koe te hopu i tenei weranga kua mawhiti, me hoki koe ki te Tiaki Hanganga?¶
flowchart TD
A["He puranga paraihe o muri, he rau ahi ranei ka rere ki roto i te tarutaru / ngahere"] --> B["STEP 1: Waea 911 / 112 / 999 / 000 Inamata - Kaua e Whakaroa"]
B --> C{"Tirohia te roa o te mura, te hau, me te momo wahie"}
C -->|Flames < 1 m / 3 ft in Short Grass, Low Wind, Hose Reaches| D["Ko te whakaekenga i te taha taha mai i te Punga Pango"]
C -->|Flames > 1.2 m / 4 ft, High Wind, Spotting Embers, or Uphill Run| E["TE WHAKATAUTANGA KI TE WANANGA: Retreat to Home & Structure Defense"]
D --> F["1. Toremi te turanga mura i te taha maui me te taha Matau 2. Whakamahia te Koo Papatahi / Karekau Tarai Makuku 3. Kaua rawa e kuhu ki roto i te Paraihe Kare i tahuna ki raro i te Hau."]
E --> G["1. Whakawetohia te Wehenga Tank Propane Rural 2. Nuku Waka & Whakatuwhera Keeti Whare Paa/Pasture 3. Papa Maku & 3 m (10 ft) Rohe Mulch Huri noa i te Whare"]
F --> H["Maama-Mao-Trail Mop-Up: Tawaro 30 cm te Whenua Kohuke Kohuke Huri noa i te Paenga Katoa, ka Tomo Nga Puaka Kai Paoa"]
G --> I["Kia Maamaa te Ara Whakatere mo nga Taraka Paraihe a te Tari Tuhi ahi me nga Kaihopu Tohu ki te Taaka Wai / Harotoroto"]
Wildland Fire Mura-Te roa me te Whakatau Whakatau Whakatau (Paerewa NWCG)¶
Ko nga kaipatu ahi mo te whenua o Wildland (i raro i te US National Wildfire Coordinating Group / NWCG me nga paerewa ahi taiwhenua o te ao) ka whakamahi i te Te roa o te mura o te ahi ki te pito o te ahi ki te whakatau tonu mena ka ora te tangata whai taputapu ringa, he ngongo ngongo ranei e tu tata ana ki te raina ahi:
| Te roa o te mura i te taha | Whanonga Ahi me te Kaha Wera | Ka taea e te rangatira o te kainga te whawhai tika? | Mahi e hiahiatia ana |
|---|---|---|---|
| I raro i te 0.6 mita (I raro i te 2 putu) | He ahi ngokingoki iti-kaha i roto i te tarutaru poto, rau haukū ranei | ĀE (I muri i te waea 911): He haumaru ki te whakaeke i nga taha me te mahunga ma te whakamahi i te ngongo maara, te papu wai peketua, te koko papatahi, te takai taratara maku ranei | Tīmatahia ki muri ("Anchor Point") ka anga whakamua ma nga taha e rua |
| 0.6 ki te 1.2 mita (2 ki te 4 putu) | He ahi te mata i roto i te tarutaru maroke teitei, te taru, te otaota rau matotoru ranei; wera rawa ki te tu tika ki mua i te mahunga | FLANKS ANAKE: He wera rawa mo nga taputapu ringaringa kei te upoko; e hiahia ana he awa ngongo wai pehanga, he rehu kua toia e te tarakihana, he wahi ahi oneone kohuke ranei kei te taha o nga taha. | Whakaekea mai i te Pango kua wera i nga taha taha; kaua rawa e whiti i mua i te mahunga |
| 1.2 ki te 2.4 mita (4 ki te 8 putu) | Ko te kaha teitei te tere-tere paraihe/ahi ahi; ka wera te kiri maramara i te 5+ mita (16+ putu) | KORE: WHAKAHOKI TONU TONU: Nga ngongo kari (19 to 38 L/min / 5 to 10 GPM) whakaeto i mua i te patu i te wahie; he horihori nga taputapu ringa |
Whakarerea te ahi o te mara, hoki atu ki to whare, kati te propane, whakatuwhera i nga keeti kararehe, ka whakamakuku i te waahi o te whare tata. |
| ** Neke atu i te 2.4 mita (Neke atu i te 8 putu) ranei nga Rakau Toha** | Te whanonga ahi tino nui: te whakakarauna ki roto i nga kaakaariki/taapapa, te maka i nga waro ahi 100+ mita (330+ waewae) ki te hau | HURUHUI WHAKATAUTANGA ORA: Me tere te whakatahi | Utaina te whanau me nga kararehe ki roto i te waka ka whakatahia tika/whaka runga hau i mua i te aukati auahi i to huarahi. |
Me pehea te Whakamutua Haumaru i te Pataruke kua mawhiti, i te Ahi Rau ranei (Te Ara me te Punga)¶
Mēnā kātahi anō ka kuhu atu tō puranga paraihe i mawhiti ki roto i te pātītī poto, i ngā moenga māra rānei, ā, kei raro iho i te 1 mita (3 putu) te teitei o te mura o te ahi**, me pehea koe e whakatata atu ai ki te ahi ka taea e koe te whakakore i roto i te 3 meneti, ka mau ranei koe i te auahi.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| THE FLANK & ANCHOR ATTACK (NEVER FIGHT FROM THE FRONT) |
| |
| [ UNBURNED DRY GRASS / WOODS ] |
| |
| | <-- THE HEAD (Downwind) |
| / HOT & SMOKY \ DO NOT STAND HERE |
| / FAST MOVING \ |
| LEFT FLANK --> | | <-- RIGHT FLANK |
| (Work Up This | [ THE BLACK ] | (Work Up This |
| Side Edge) | Already Burned & | Side Edge) |
| \ Cooled Ash / |
| \_______ _______/ |
| || |
| [ ORIGINAL BRUSH PILE / REAR ] |
| * START HERE (ANCHOR POINT) * |
| |
| WIND DIRECTION IS UPWARD |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1. Whakaturia to "Punga Tohu" ki muri ka mahi ki roto "Te Pango"¶
- Timata ki te Whakamuri (Turanga Upwind) o te Ahi i Mawhiti: Ko te taha whakamuri o te ahi ka puhoi haere, he iti rawa te mura o te ahi, a he te hau hau maa e pupuhi ana puta noa i to tuara.
- Kia Pupuri Kotahi Waewae i roto i "Te Pango": I roto i te ahi ahi, ko "Te Pango" te papa tarutaru kua wera kee. Ka wera te tarutaru pai, ka whakamatao te pungarehu pango angiangi i roto i te 15 ki te 30 hēkona ka mutu he kore wahie hei tahu ano. Ma te tu me o putu i roto i te tarutaru tahuna (i runga ranei i te huarahi kirikiri) me te rehu, te pupuhi ranei ki waho ma te Pau Maui me te Matau Matau, e kore e taea e te ahi te takai i muri i a koe, a kei te manawa koe i te hau ma te hau ki runga ake i te hau kawa paitini.
- Whakaarohia te Puha ngongo ngongo ki te turanga o te taha mura (Kahi, Kaua e Paoa):
- Whakanohoia to puha ngongo ngongo kari ki tetahi puiti rehu 30-tohu, jet sweeping ranei (ka mimiti te kohu whanui i te hau i mua i te whakamakuku i nga kakau o te tarutaru; he awa pene totoka ka pau te wai i roto i te rua iti).
- Horoihia te wai whakamuri, whakamuri matau ki te 10-henemita (4-inihi) te hononga e tutaki ai te mura ki nga pakiaka tarutaru kare ano i tahuna, whakamatao i te mata wera me te whakamakuku i te 30-henemita (1-waewae) te riu o te tarutaru kaore i tahuna i waho noa o te raina.
- Tiakihia To Hoe Maara Ruapu Kei Rere: Ki te toia e koe he ngongo vinyl kua pehia, he ngongo kari rapa ranei ki runga i nga rama e mura tonu ana o te puranga paraihe taketake, ka pakaru te ngongo i roto i te 10 hēkona, ka tapahia to wai i te wa kino rawa atu. Araia te ngongo a tawhio noa nga rakau poro paraihe wera.
2. He aha te whakamahi ki te kore to ngongo maara e tae ki te taha ahi¶
Mena kua toro atu te ahi ki tua atu i te roa o to ngongo maara (15 to 30 meters / 50 to 100 feet):
- Peeke Tarai Makuku / Peeke Whangai / Tauera Miro Tawhito ("Taraera Ahi"): Waiwaihia he peke rīwai taratara taumaha, he taara, he tauera kaukau miro matotoru ranei i roto i te peere wai 20 rita (5 karani). Puria ka toia (horoia) te peke maku i te taha o te taha o te tarutaru e wera ana ki te Pango kua wera (kaua rawa e piu haere ki runga, ka pupuhi te hāora ki roto i te wahangu, ka werohia nga korakora ki te tarutaru maroke).
- Koko Whakawhiti Papatahi Roa, Rake Kopere Metara ranei: Wiuhia te 45-ki-60-henimita (18-ki-24-inihi) awarua paru kore noa i te taha matau ma te rara i nga rau maroke katoa, nga ngira paina, me te taraka whakaroto ki te ahi, katahi ka whakamahi i te tuara o te koko ki te papapa ki raro, ki te mura ahi.
- ** KAUA E Whakamahia te Kaipupuri Rau i runga i te Paraihe, i te Paraihe ahi ranei ki te kore e whakangungua ki tetahi Waehere Ngahere kua hopukina:** He maha nga wa ka ngana nga rangatira o te whare ki te whakamahi i te hau a-ringa, te pupuhi rau pākahiko ranei hei pupuhi atu i nga rau mai i te ahi i mawhiti. Ko te pupuhi i te hau tere-tere ki roto i te puranga paraihe, te moenga rau e ngiha ana ranei ka rite ki te pupuhi o te parakimete, ka whakarewa i te awhiowhio o te mura ahi 30 mita (100 putu) ki raro i te hau ki roto i nga rakau maroke me nga whare witi. Mēnā ka whakamahi i te pupuhi ki te whakawātea i te ahi kei mua noa atu i te taha o nga rau ngahere, pupuhihia nga rau mai i te taha kaore i tahuna ki roto ki te ahi, kaua rawa e pupuhi ki nga waapa ora.
Taiwhenua Homestead Defense: IBC Totes Wai, Well Power Rore, me Tractor Firebreaks¶
I runga i nga eka taiwhenua, nga paamu arearea, me nga kaainga whenua, he maha nga wa karekau nga hydrants a te taone nui, me nga taraka paraihe a te tari ahi (Type 6 engines) ka roa pea 12 ki te 25 meneti kia tae mai. Me pehea koe e whakahaere ai i to puna wai, tarakihana, tank propane, me nga whare witi i roto i aua meneti 15 ka whakatau he aha te mea ka ora.
1. Te Rore Paa-Pau-Ai Hiko (Me te aha e tiakina ai e nga papu penehi nga paamu)¶
Ko te tino ohorere mo nga rangatira kainga taiwhenua i te wa o te tarutaru, te ahi paraihe ranei, ko ka ngaro katoa te pehanga wai mai i to raatau puna hohonu motuhake:
- He aha te puna i mate ai i te ahi: Ka ka ana te ahi paraihe i mawhiti i raro i te maturuturunga iho o te ratonga hiko o runga ka haere ki to poupou/whare, ka takahia te pakaru, RĀNEI ki te whakatuwhera koe e rua, e toru ranei nga ngongo maara maara tuwhera whanui i te wa kotahi, ka heke to pehanga poka wai ki raro i te
20 PSIpana iti-pēhanga tapahi ka maukati i te papu. - Tiakihia te Peehanga Pai: Whakahaere tetahi ngongo kari maara rere nui (e rua ranei nga ngongo ngongo kua werohia kia mau tonu te pehanga) kaua ki te whakatuwhera i nga piro o waho e rima kia tuwhera whanui me te pakaru i to taika pehanga.
- Hoatuhia he Tote IBC Gravity/Gasoline, he PTO Sprayer ranei ("Waeine Skid"):
- He paerewa 1,000-rita (275-gallon) kirihou IBC tote (he taika nēhi poly ahuwhenua ranei) ka mau ki roto i te moenga tiki, wakatō whaipainga ranei, e honoa ana me te $200 2-inihi te parapara/whakawhiti wai (50 mm te tuku) me te 15 mita (50-waewae, 0 rita) mo te ngahere 30 rita mo ia meneti. (40 ki te 80 GPM)** motuhake mai i te hiko hiko.
- Mēnā kei a koe he Toki tarakihana a te PTO-aia/parapara kai, he ATV wahi rehu ranei, horoia ka whakakiia ki te wai ma noa i nga wa wera maroke kia reri ki te huri i roto i te 60 hēkona.
2. Te tapahi i te kōpae tarakihana ohotata, i te Waahi Kaitiaki ranei¶
Ka taea e te tarakihana paamu kiato, whaipainga ranei me te ** harrow kōpae, PTO rototiller, mata pouaka, peere uta o mua ranei** ka taea te tapahi i te 2.5-ki-4-mita (8-ki-12-waewae) te wera o te oneone kore tere atu i te rua tekau nga tangata whai koko, ** mena ka whai koe i nga ture haumaru tarakihana ora-mate ranei**:
- KAUA E peia te tarakihana tika ki mua o te hau o raro Te upoko o te ahi tarutaru tere:
- Kei roto i te auahi o te tarutaru he kore te hāora me te hiu taumaha e tere ana ki te tarai i te tātari rangi pepa maroke o te tarakihana me te mata radiator, ** ka aukati tika i te miihini diesel/penehi ki te ara o te mura o te ahi**.
- I tua atu, ka taea e nga taru maroke me te papapa kei te taha o te whakakai tarakihana wera, te DPF ranei (Diesel Particulate Filter) ka taea te tahu i te tarakihana ki te ahi.
- ** Tapahia i te taha o te taha tuatahi, ka anga haere ki te whakawiri i te mahunga:** Tīmatahia to kopae, te torotiller ranei ki te pito punga o muri, ki te whanui ranei i runga i te te taha hau i roto i te hau ma, ka huri te tarutaru maroke ki raro ki te oneone makuku i roto i nga waahanga e rua.
- Ki te Kapohia Koe e te Tarakihana, te Paoahi ranei, Waiho kia "Te Pango": Kaua rawa e noho ki runga i te tarakihana kua pahemo i roto i nga tarutaru teitei kaore i tahuna i te wa e tata ana te mura o te ahi. Whakarerea atu ka hikoi tonu ki runga i to taahi paru katahi ano ka ngakia ki roto i te waahi Pango kua tahuna.
3. Te Tiaki i nga Taaka, Whare Paa, me nga Kararehe mo Rural Propane (LP Gas).¶
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 60-SECOND RURAL PROPANE TANK & BARN DEFENSE CHECKLIST |
| |
| 1. SHUT THE PROPANE TANK VALVE: Lift the metal dome lid on your |
| 500-gallon or 1,000-gallon LP gas tank and turn the brass hand |
| wheel CLOCKWISE until tight. This shuts off gas flow into house |
| pipes if siding melts. |
| 2. CLEAR 3 METERS (10 FEET) AROUND THE TANK: Kick away any firewood, |
| plastic trash cans, tarps, or tall dry weeds touching the tank. |
| (If only short grass surrounds a steel propane tank, its internal |
| pressure relief valve will vent safely without a BLEVE explosion; |
| sustained flame impingement from stacked firewood or brush touching |
| the dry upper steel shell is what causes a tank rupture.) |
| 3. LIVESTOCK & HORSES: |
| - NEVER lock horses, cattle, sheep, or goats inside a wooden barn |
| when a brush fire is approaching (barns trap smoke and ignite |
| from roof embers). |
| - Turn animals out into the LARGEST BARE-DIRT PADDOCK, plowed |
| field, or grazed-down pasture with internal cross-fences opened |
| so they can move away from smoke on their own. |
| - Remove nylon halters (which melt into skin) and use leather |
| halters or livestock crayon ID numbers on hooves/hides. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
(Mo nga kawa o te rerenga kararehe, tirohia Ko nga kararehe, nga hoiho, me nga mahi whakangahau i nga aitua me te whakaruruhau i roto i nga waahi a Nga ahi mohoao.)
Te Tiaki I To Whare, Te Puka Rakau, me te Maara Mai i nga Waahi-Ahi (Zone 0 Parenga)¶
Ina ka puta he paraihe, he rau ahi ranei i te ahiahi hau, kare e mura nga whare me nga whare maara mai i te pakitara o te mura o te ahi: neke atu i te 80 paiheneti o nga kaainga kua ngaro i te tarutaru me nga ahi paraihe ka mura mai i nga waapa e pupuhihia ana e te hau ("nga ahi") ka tau ki runga, ki te whare ranei 5 ki te 30 meneti i mua atu, i muri ranei i te paahitanga o te ahi tarutaru. Mena he nui rawa te ahi ki te whawhai tika, kua hoki koe ki to iari i a koe e tatari ana mo nga miihini ahi:
- Whakamamahia te "0-ki-1.5-Mita (0-ki-5-Waewae) Rohe Whakawera Ember" Huri noa i te Turanga Whare:
- Toia nga whariki muka, nga tuuru patio wicker, nga taonga o te rahoraho, te maru hita/paina-paina, nga tipu kohua maroke, me nga wahie kua tapae ** i te iti rawa ki te 5 ki te 9 mita (16 ki te 30 putu) te tawhiti atu i nga pakitara o te whare, papa rakau, me nga wharau**.
- Tirohia kei raro i nga rahoraho rakau me nga whakamahau me muri i nga puna matapihi o raro, kei reira nga puku hurihuri ka kohia nga rau ngahuru maroke me nga mura ahi e kore e kitea.
- Katia ia Matapihi, tatau karati, hau, me nga tatau mokai:
- Ka rere totika nga waro ahi ma nga matapihi tuwhera, nga mata o te tuanui kua pakaru, me nga kuaha karati karekau i whiri hei tahu arai, matihi me nga pouaka kaata i roto i to whare i a koe e tu ana i waho me te ngongo ngongo.
- Makui i te Maru o te Kiri, nga Raorao o te tuanui, me nga awa ua (kaore e whakamakuku i to poka):
- Mena kua whakakiia o awa ua ki nga ngira paina maroke, rau ngahuru ranei, rehu wai tere mo te 2-meneti ki te taha o te tuanui o te tuanui, te arawhata papa, me nga moenga maru o te turanga i mua tonu i te taenga mai o te paoa auahi, katahi ka whakawetohia te puha** kia kore ai koe e pau i to taika pehanga puna wai tuawhenua me te pehanga wai o te taone nui e hiahiatia ana ma te taenga mai o te miihini ahi. (Tirohia Te whakarite i te wai tauraki mo nga maara mo te puna wai ua me nga tatūnga rokiroki IBC.)
Te Huri-Mao me te Mop-Up: He aha te "Kati" nga puranga paraihe ka mura ano te 3 ra i muri mai¶
Neke atu i te haurua o te katoa i mawhiti mai i nga ahi paraihe kei muri 6 ki te 72 haora I muri i te whakaaro o te rangatira o te kainga kua pau katoa te puranga wera ka moe, ka haere ranei ki te mahi.
1. Te oho i raro i te whenua me te oho o te hau o te ahiahi¶
He paraihe nui, he puranga tumu ranei ka hanga he moenga hohonu o te pungarehu rakau ma e noho ana i runga i te mata o raro o te 600-tohu-Celsius (1,100-degree-Fahrenheit) nga waro waro, he mea weriweti mai i te ua me te rehu wai mata e te kirinuku o te pungarehu o runga. Ko te mea kino atu, kei roto i te oneone peaty, te ngahere hohonu o te ngahere, nga pakiaka rakau pirau, me nga puranga otaota tawhito ranei, ka taea e te ahi ** te tahu ki raro i te whenua i te taha o nga pakiaka pirau ("ahi pakiaka" / ahi whenua) ** mo nga mita i waho o to mowhiti wera me te kore e kitea te mura kotahi ki te mata. E rua nga ra i muri mai, ka pupuhi te hau maroke o te ahiahi 30-km/h (20-mph) puta noa i te iari, ka tihorea te kirinuku o te pungarehu ma, ka pa ki nga waro whero kua tanumia, ka tukuna nga mura ahi ki roto i to ngahere i te mea karekau he tangata i te kainga.
2. Ko te Kawa Mop-Up e 4-Step "Tomo, Whakaoho, Wairua, me te Maeke-Mao".¶
Kaua rawa e haere atu i te wera paraihe kua tineia, kei roto ranei te ahi tarutaru tae noa ki te paahi i nga hikoinga e wha:
- Trench to Bare Mineral soil (30 ki te 60 cm / 1 ki te 2 putu te whanui): Wiuhia te mowhiti haere tonu o 100 paiheneti te paru kohuke kore (kaore he pakiaka, kahore he peat, kahore he ngira paina, kahore he maru kiri) huri noa i te waahi wera katoa.
- Tomohia ka Ohohia te Puka Pokapū kia rite tonu te paru: Ko te rehu noa i te wai ki runga ake o te puranga pungarehu kare he aha. Me wawahia e koe nga rakau katoa me te tumu ki te koko, peere tarakihana ranei**, whakahurihuria te moenga pungarehu ki raro i te wa e waipuke ana ki te wai tae noa ki te puranga katoa he maeke, hupa paru paru, ka tapatapahia rawatia nga rakau e ngiha ana.
- Mao-Mao Me To Ringa Karekau: Kia tau te mamaoa, hīkoi i te paenga katoa o waho ka ** pupuri i te tuara o to ringa kau, karekau e arohahia kia 2 henimita (1 inihi) ki runga ake i te pungarehu me te oneone** (ka ata whawha i te paru ki te taha o waho). Mena ka rongo koe tetahi mahana, ka kite ranei koe i tetahi putunga paoa puru-ma, hongi auahi rakau ranei, keria te putake, te pute ranei ka waipuke ano.
- Whakamanahia te 48-Hora Ata me te Ahiahi Tirotiro Anō: Tirohia te waahi wera i te 1:00 PM me 4:00 PM (te teitei o te mahana me te hau, te makuku iti rawa) mo te iti rawa 2 ki te 3 ra i muri i te wera paraihe.
Nga Tikanga Tikanga Ture me nga Tikanga Inihua Ina Ka Mawhiti te Paraihe Tahu¶
He maha nga rangatira o te kainga e whakaroa ana i te waea 911 ka mawhiti te puranga paraihe na te wehi ka whainatia e te tari ahi, ka utu ranei mo nga taraka ahi. ** Ka taea e tera whakaroa te huri a $0 whakatupato ki a $500,000 whakawa.**
- ** Waea ana ki a 911 Inamata Ka Whakaotia Nga Pire Whakakore mo nga Mawhiti Iari Kei roto:** Tata ki nga kawanatanga katoa o te US, nga kawanatanga o Kanata, me nga taone nui o te UK/EU, ka waea atu ki to tari ahi o to rohe ** tonu** ki te tinei i te ahi iti kua mawhiti ka puta he kore utu mo te whakautu a te miihini ahi (me te mea ka tahuna e koe he ahi / kare i te nuinga o te wa ka tahuna e koe he mura ahi. Kore-Tahu ra).
- Tatari kia whiti te ahi ki nga Raina Taonga Ka Haangai Te Taapiri Tika Tangata me te Ture: Ki te whakaroa koe i te waea 911 mo te 20 meneti i a koe e ngana ana ki te huna me te patu i te ahi, ka peke te ahi i to taiapa ki runga whenua ngahere whenua, pou whaipainga, whare witi ranei o te hoa tata, nga ture kawanatanga (pēnei i te **Codete Haumarutanga **000/Washington 3O. Ko nga ture whakaora-utu mo te peehi, me te korenga o te ture noa) ka waiho te tangata nana i tuku te ahi kia mawhiti hei kawenga mo te kino o nga rawa o te hoa tata ME te utu mo te helicopter/bulldozer a te tari ngahere a te kawanatanga.
- Ka hipokina e te Inihua Whare Paerewa tetahi paraihe ahi kua mawhiti? Ae: paerewa HO-3 nga Inihua mo nga Kaipupuri Whare me nga kaupapa here herenga paamu/whangai (
Coverage E: Personal Liability) i te nuinga o te wa ka hipokina te ahi ohorere kua horapa ki nga whare me nga hanganga tata (tae noa ki to tepe herenga kaupapa here, te tikanga$100,000 to $500,000+), ki te kore ka tahuna e koe he ahi kino, ka huna ranei. Waea 911 i te meneti tuatahi kia mau tonu te ahi ki runga i to ake tarutaru.
Pātai auau¶
Why did my calm morning brush burn suddenly explode out of control at 2:00 PM when the weather forecast didn't predict a storm?
Every afternoon between **1:00 PM and 5:00 PM**, solar heating of the earth's surface creates a predictable meteorological shift known to wildland firefighters as the **"2:00 PM Burn Window"**: as air temperature peaks, **relative humidity (RH) drops by 20 to 40 percentage points**, drying fine grass and dead leaves to tinder in minutes, while convective mixing brings high-altitude winds down to ground level as sudden **25-to-40-km/h (15-to-25-mph) afternoon gusts** and swirling **dust devils**. Always start permitted brush burns at dawn when humidity is high, stop adding fuel by 10:00 AM, and have the pile drowned cold before noon.
Can I add a splash of gasoline to a damp pile of wet leaves and green branches to get it burning?
**NEVER pour gasoline onto a brush pile, leaf pile, or burn barrel: this is one of the leading causes of life-threatening flash burns in emergency rooms.** Unlike diesel fuel or kerosene, liquid **gasoline has a flash point of -43 degrees Celsius (-45 degrees Fahrenheit)** and immediately evaporates into a heavy, invisible vapor cloud that hugs the ground and flows outward around your boots. In the 15 seconds between pouring the gasoline and striking a match or lighter, you are standing knee-deep inside an invisible **fuel-air bomb** that detonates with a violent pressure wave and sets your clothing and lungs on fire. If kindling is needed for a permitted burn, use dry paper, cardboard, or wax-and-sawdust firestarter blocks.
Is it safe to burn poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac vines in a backyard brush pile?
**Never burn poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac under any circumstances.** The allergenic oily resin inside these plants (**urushiol**) does not burn up completely; instead, it **vaporizes and attaches to microscopic soot particles inside the smoke plume**. Inhaling even a few breaths of smoke from burning poison ivy vines causes **severe, life-threatening internal allergic blistering and inflammation inside the nasal passages, throat, trachea, and lung bronchioles**, requiring emergency hospital intubation and systemic corticosteroids, while coating the face and eyes in blistering rash. Always bag or mulch/herbicide poison ivy; never put it in a fire.
What materials are strictly illegal and toxic to burn in a backyard brush pile or burn barrel?
Environmental and fire codes strictly prohibit burning **household trash, plastics, PVC pipe, rubber tires, asphalt roof shingles, painted or stained wood, plywood/OSB particleboard, railroad ties (creosote), and green pressure-treated lumber (CCA / ACQ)**. Burning plastics and PVC releases concentrated **dioxins, furans, and hydrochloric acid gas**, while burning old **Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) pressure-treated deck wood** releases **airborne arsenic trioxide smoke** and leaves behind gray ash concentrated with lethal inorganic **arsenic** that permanently poisons your garden soil and groundwater. Burn **only clean, untreated natural dry brush, branches, and leaves** where local law permits.
Kua tirohia nga puna¶
- National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) & United States Forest Service (USFS): * NWCG Incident Response Pocket Guide (IRPG, PMS 461)* (Nga paepae aukati mura-roa, LCES pūnaha haumaru, Punga-me-Flank whakaeke ahuahanga, te rohe haumaru "Pango", me nga paerewa mop-up makariri).
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): Firewise USA Guidance on Home Ignition Zones (0-ki-5-foot Noncombustible Zone, 5-to-30-foot Lean/Clean/Green Zone) me te taiwhenua LP-Gas (Propane) paerewa whakawātea tank (Propane).
NFPA 58). - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) / U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) me nga tari ngahere whenua (CAL FIRE, Texas A&M Forest Service, Oregon ODF): Nga Aratohu Haumaru Tahua Parai Noho Noho me nga tohutohu mo te Haumaama Whanaungatanga o te ahiahi.
- ** Pokapū Whakahaere me te Aukati i te mate (CDC / NIOSH, United States):** Nga Moorearea o te Hunga i te Paoa Urushiol mai i te Wera o Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac me nga aratohu mo te hurihanga tarakihana ahuwhenua/te ahi.
- Te Mana Whakahaere Ahi Whenua (CFA, Wikitoria, Ahitereiria) & UK National Fire Chiefs Council (NFCC): Ngahere mo nga rawa taiwhenua/te ahi taruke, te whakamarumaru mo te paheke wai-take a IBC, me nga tikanga whakaruruhau mo nga papaa kararehe.
Nga kaiarahi e pa ana¶
- Nga ahi mohoao
- Te auahi mohoao me te ngongo pungarehu
- Te whakarite i te wai tauraki mo nga maara
- Te whakahekenga patu patu matū, te wairākau poke, me te whakaora paihana i te oneone
- Ko nga kararehe, nga hoiho, me nga mahi whakangahau i nga aitua me te whakaruruhau i roto i nga waahi
- Te oranga ahi o te whare me te mawhiti
- Ka wera te awhina tuatahi
- Nga tau ohorere