Te arotake i te Whakapaipai Poma, Te Whakakino Viral, me te Whakautu raruraru Pakihi Iti¶

Ka oho ake ki te 400 whetu-1 ohorere a Google me Yelp nga arotake i tukuna i roto i te 90 meneti mai i nga kaute i tetahi atu tuakoi, i te taha o te karere WhatsApp, Telegram ranei e tono ana i te $1,500 i roto i te moni crypto, kaari koha ranei hei aukati i te whakaeke, ka kitea he TikTok ranei X (Twitter o mua) ataata kua pohehe i to pakihi iti, mahi whakatumatuma, waea whakawetiweti. inonotitanga, he ohorere mamati me te haumaru tinana. Mo nga wharekai o te rohe, nga mahi rongoa, nga kaikirimana, nga toa hokohoko, me nga waitohu e-tauhokohoko, ko te hekenga algorithmic mai i te 4.8 whetu ki te 1.4 whetu, te puranga kino kino ranei ka taea te whakakore i te 60 ōrau ki te 90 ōrau o nga kaihoko taumai e arahi ana i roto i nga haora 48 i te wa e whakamataku ana nga kaimahi o mua.

Surviving a coordinated review bombing extortion attack or viral defamation swarm requires a strict, disciplined operational protocol that separates physical employee safety and forensic evidence preservation from emotional public arguments. By refusing to pay review extortionists (who almost always double their demands the moment a victim pays), locking down social media comment sections and public staff directories, filing targeted Google Business Profile Merchant Extortion Reports and Yelp Active Media Alert Freeze Requests, invoking the FTC Trade Regulation Rule on Consumer Reviews and Testimonials (16 CFR Part 465), and knowing exactly when to maintain strategic silence versus issuing a single factual correction, business owners can purge fraudulent reviews and neutralize viral crises without triggering the destructive "Streisand Effect."

Mahia tenei inaianei¶

1. Prioritize physical employee safety and report violent threats or doxxing to police immediately. If a viral mob or extortionist posts your employees home addresses, threatens physical violence, or shows up outside your storefront (staying within 10 meters or 33 feet of your entrance to harass staff), call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom, or see all tau ohorere) immediately and request a directed police patrol and an official incident report number.
2. Never pay a review extortionist or reply to their WhatsApp, Telegram, or email message. Paying a review blackmailer in Bitcoin, USDT, or gift cards confirms that your business is an active, compliant payer; organized extortion rings immediately pass your contact info to secondary extortionists who flood your profile with another 500 1-star reviews 48 hours later.
3. Never reply angrily in public to fake 1-star reviews or argue in viral comment sections. Replying to hundreds of fake 1-star reviews signals to platform engagement algorithms that the reviews are "active customer interactions," which can actually delay automated bulk spam purging and gives viral trolls screenshot ammunition to mock your business further.
4. Capture full-screen timestamped screenshots of the extortion demand AND the review spike before flagging. Before reporting anything, screenshot the exact extortion message (showing the sender phone number, country code, email headers, or crypto wallet address) alongside a screenshot of your pre-attack star rating and the sudden timestamp cluster of 1-star reviews; you must attach this exact image bundle to unlock Google and Yelp specialized extortion-removal queues.
5. Activate Google Merchant Extortion Form and Yelp Active Cleanup / Media Alert Lock. Submit the dedicated Google Business Profile Merchant Extortion Report (distinct from clicking the standard three-dot "Flag as inappropriate" button, which often fails on coordinated attacks) and request a Yelp Public Attention Alert / Active Cleanup freeze to halt new unverified reviews immediately.
6. Lock down employee personal profiles, website "Meet the Team" pages, and phone trees. Temporarily unpublish your website staff directory (removing employee last names, photos, and direct email addresses), switch your business telephone system to an automated interactive voice response (IVR) menu so frontline receptionists are not subjected to verbal abuse, and instruct all staff to set their personal LinkedIn, Instagram, and Facebook profiles to private.

Review bombing extortion and viral defamation crisis decision tree¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Sudden Flood of 1-Star Reviews, Blackmail Demand, or Viral Social Media Pile-On"] --> ThreatCheck{"Are there threats of physical violence, swatting, or home-address doxxing?"}

    ThreatCheck -->|"Ae"| PoliceFirst["1. Call Local Emergency Number (911 / 112 / 999) Immediately<br/>2. Obtain Police Incident Report Number (Required for Platform Escalation)<br/>3. Remove Staff Photos/Names from Website & Switch Phone System to Auto-Attendant"]
    ThreatCheck -->|"Kao"| AttackType{"What type of reputation crisis is occurring?"}
    PoliceFirst --> AttackType

    AttackType -->|"Type A: Review Blackmail / Extortion (Demand for Crypto, Cash, or Gift Cards)"| ExtortionProtocol["1. DO NOT PAY and DO NOT REPLY to the extortionist<br/>2. Screenshot blackmail demand + sender phone/email + 1-star review timestamps<br/>3. Submit Google Merchant Extortion Report & FBI IC3 / FTC Report<br/>4. Leave fake reviews UNREPLIED so Google bulk-purge script can wipe them cleanly"]

    AttackType -->|"Type B: Viral Social Media Mob / False Identity / Cancel Pile-On"| ViralMobProtocol["1. Freeze Own Social Comments & Set Accounts to Protected/Moderated<br/>2. Trigger Yelp Public Attention Alert & Tripadvisor Lockdown<br/>3. Assess: Is it a Case of Mistaken Business Identity / Provable 100% Lie?"]

    ViralMobProtocol -->|"Yes (Mistaken Identity or Provable Fabrication)"| PinStatement["Post ONE Calm, Factual, Receipt-Backed Statement (Pinned)<br/>Do not argue in replies; let objective evidence (timestamps/CCTV/location) speak"]
    ViralMobProtocol -->|"No (Employee Misconduct or Messy Customer Dispute)"| StrategicPause["Hold Strategic Silence for 4 Hours While Auditing Facts with Counsel<br/>Issue concise accountability statement only if core customer base is impacted"]

    AttackType -->|"Type C: Competitor or Ex-Employee Defamation Campaign"| LegalEscalation["1. Preserve Full URLs, Archive.org Snapshots, and Account IDs<br/>2. Check FTC Fake Review Rule (16 CFR Part 465) & Defamation Per Se Elements<br/>3. Serve Attorney Preservation Notice or File John Doe Subpoena if High-Damage"]

Phase 1: Defeating organized 1-star review extortion and blackmail rings¶

Over the past three years, organized transnational cybercriminal rings have industrialized Google Maps and Trustpilot Review Extortion. Operating using VoIP burner numbers (often carrying country codes from India +91, Pakistan +92, Nigeria +234, or spoofed US/UK area codes), these groups scrape Google Business Profiles for local restaurants, dentists, plumbers, law firms, and hotels. They use botnets or low-paid click farms ("review farms") to drop 20 to 200 1-star reviews in a 60-minute window, immediately followed by a WhatsApp, Instagram DM, or email stating: "We are dropping your Google rating to 1.5 stars. Send $500 in USDT / Google Play gift cards within 4 hours and we will delete all negative reviews and replace them with 5-star reviews."

Step-by-step protocol to wipe extortion reviews and restore your rating¶

1. Preserve the Forensic Evidence Package (Before ClickingAnything):
2. Take a full-screen screenshot of the WhatsApp, Telegram, SMS, or email extortion demand showing the visible phone number or email address (not just a saved contact name).
3. Export or print the raw email header (.eml file) if the demand arrived via email.
4. Compile a simple spreadsheet listing the Reviewer Display Name, Profile URL, Star Rating, and Timestamp of every fake review posted during the attack window, alongside a statement noting your historical review rate (for example: "Our business received 18 reviews over the past 12 months, and suddenly received 84 1-star reviews between 02:00 and 04:30 UTC on [Date] from accounts with zero local history").
5. File the Official Google Business Profile Merchant Extortion Report:
6. Google recently launched a dedicated Merchant Extortion Reporting Workflow inside the Google Business Profile Help Center specifically to combat 1-star review blackmail.
7. Kaua ** e whakawhirinaki anake ki te tohu "Tirotiro haki" a te iwi. Takiuru me te rangatira/kaiwhakahaere pūkete Google, whakatuwheratia te ** Puka Puka Puka Puka Puka Puka Pakihi a Google, tohua to waahi pakihi, tukuna nga whakaahua o te tono utu utu WhatsApp / imeera, me te rarangi te ra i timata ai te whakaeke.
8. Ina manatokohia e Google Trust & Safety team, ka mahia e Google he pure whanaungatanga nui ka mukua nga arotake katoa e hono ana ki taua kahui botnet ka tuu he tatari tere tiaki mo te wa poto ki runga i to raarangi Mahere Google ka aukati aunoa i nga arotake whetu-1 hou mai i nga wahitau IP kore-rohe.
9. ** Tukuna he amuamu a Federal Cybercrime (FBI IC3 / UK Mahi Tinihanga / Pokapū Whakatau i te tinihanga a Kanata)**:
10. Ko te tono moni hei utu mo te aukati i te kino kino ki tetahi ingoa pakihi he hara a te kawanatanga (Interstate / Foreign Extortion Threats i raro i te 18 U.S.C. Wāhanga 875(d) me te Hobbs Act i te United States, Wāhanga 21 Blackmail i raro i te Ture Tahae 1968 i te United Kingdom, me **Criminal Code Section Criminal Code 1968 i te United Kingdom.
11. Tukuna he purongo ipurangi ki ic3.gov (FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center) me ReportFraud.ftc.gov. Tikiake i te rīhiti whakaū PDF o tō amuamu a te hānga, ā, tāpirihia taua PDF ki tō tīkiti tautoko Google, Yelp, Tripadvisor, Meta ranei; Ka tere ake te pikinga o te Tiaki me te Haumaru ina piri ana he nama amuamu a te tari a te kawanatanga.

Wāhanga 2: Karaka te arotake ohorere papa-a-papa me nga miihini horoi¶

He kaupapa here motuhake nga kaupapa arotake katoa a nga kaihoko, nga huringa tere-whakatio, me nga hongere pikinga ture i te wa e kaha ana te arotakenga poma, i te huihuinga putu-i runga ranei.

Te whakatairite i nga tikanga whakamarumaru ohotata tüäpapa arotake¶

Phase 3: Surviving a viral social media defamation mob (TikTok, X, Reddit, Instagram)¶

A viral social media pile-on is structurally different from a silent botnet extortion attack. Typically, an influencer, disgruntled ex-employee, activist account, or angry customer posts a 60-second video or screenshot thread accusing your business or an employee of racism, food tampering, wage theft, animal abuse, or political hostility. Within hours, algorithm-driven "internet sleuths" track down your business name and launch a coordinated campaign to destroy your rating, flood your phone lines, email your corporate sponsors or landlords, and harass your staff.

Case A: Mistaken Business Identity (They tagged the wrong "Apex Plumbing" or "Bella Cafe")¶

Tata ki te 20 paiheneti o nga puranga pakihi iti e whaaia ana he pakihi tino harakore i roto i tetahi taone rerekee, kawanatanga ranei e rite ana ki te ingoa o te pakihi i uru ki roto i te tautohetohe.

1. Te Panui Ataata Inamata: Mena kei te arotakehia to pakihi i Austin, Texas na te mea he pakihi he rite te ingoa i Seattle, Washington i rongo ki runga TikTok, whakahou tonu i te Whakaahua Upi me te Panui Whakapiri i runga i to Profile Pakihi a Google, Instagram, Facebook, me te whaarangi paetukutuku me te whakairoiro maia: "HE WHAKAMAHI WHAKAMAHI: He [Ingoa Pakihi] matou kei roto i te [Ingoa Pakihi] kei roto i te [Ingoa Pakihi] kei roto i te [Ingoa Pakihi] motuhake. he hononga ZERO, he hononga ranei ki te pakihi e rite ana ki te ingoa i [Otahi atu Taone, State] e hora haere ana i runga i nga paapori pāpori."
2. Whakaaro Tika ki te Panui Panui / Kaihanga Taketake: Tukuna he karere tika, akiaki me te imeera ki te kaihanga nana i tuku te riipene whakaata (me te korero mai i to putea kua whakamanahia i runga i a raatau ataata): *"Hi [Ingoa Kaihanga], kei te tino mohio matou he aha te take i pouri ai nga tangata mo te aitua i [Otahi atu Taone], engari he mano tini o nga kaimakitaki kei te whakaeke ohorere i to matou ingoa o te taone nui. Ka taea e koe te tuhi i tetahi korero e whakamarama ana i puta te aituā i roto i [Atahi Taone] kaore i to maatau toa [To Taone]."

Take B: He whakapae teka mo to Pakihi (Kei a koe nga "Rikiti")¶

I te wa e tito ana tetahi kaihoko, kaimahi o mua ranei i tetahi korero mo to pakihi (hei tauira, e kii ana i panaia ratou mo nga take whakahirahira, kaore ranei i utua mo te mahi, i te wa e whakaatuhia ana e to ataata CCTV whakamarama-nui me nga ororongo me nga rīhiti POS kua tohuhia i te wa i whakaekea e ratou he putea, i tono taonga kore utu ranei):

1. Te Ture Manatoko 4-Hora: Kaua rawa e tuku i te urupare wera mai i to waea i roto i te 15 meneti ka kite i te ataata. Kia 2 ki te 4 haora te roa ki te tohi i nga rīpene CCTV katoa, karekau i whakatikahia, nga raarangi waahi hoko, nga kirimana kua hainatia, nga miro karere kuputuhi, me nga korero a nga kaimahi.
2. Tukuhia Kotahi Maamaa, Whai Whainga, Tauāki Rerihiti:
3. Kaua **kaore e whakamahi i nga tawai, i te tawai, i nga korero kare-a-roto ranei. Kei te taha nga kaimakitaki Ipurangi ki te tangata e tino marino ana me te tuku tohu tohu wa.
4. Whakaputahia he korero kotahi, he maamaa te hanga (te whakatika i nga porangitanga mo nga kaihoko-tuatoru harakore, nga nama kaari utu ranei) e whakatakoto ana i te rarangi wa tika:
   • 14:12: I tae mai te kaihoko ka ota [Tuemi] (Receipt Exhibit A).
   • 14:18: Ko te rīpene kāmera haumarutanga (Whakaatu B) e whakaatu ana [Whakaahua Whainga mo nga Takahanga].
   • 14:24: Ka tukuna e te Kaiwhakahaere te [Whakatau], i taua wa ka kii te tangata [Whakaahua] ka wehe atu.
5. Pina te Tauākī me te Katia nga Whakautu: Whakapaia te korero pono ki te tihi o o hongere, tukuna te hono ki nga kairipoata a-rohe e uiui ana, ka whakawetohia, whakatiki ranei i nga korero a te iwi kia kore ai o kaimahi e moumou i te 72 haora ki te tautohetohe me nga kaute bot ingoamuna.

Take C: A ape i te "Streisand Effect" a Kaua rawa e tono ki nga hoa ki te tuku i nga arotake 5-whetu rūpahu.¶

Wāhanga 4: Nga rongoā a-ture, Whakakino Per Se, te Ture Arotake rūpahu FTC, me nga mahanga Anti-SLAPP¶

I mua i te utu mo te $10,000 ki te roia ki te whakatumatuma he whakawa mo tetahi kaiarotake ipurangi, kaitukino paapori pāpori ranei, me mohio koe ki nga rohenga ture me nga rohenga ture e whakahaere ana i te whaikorero ipurangi, me te aha te whakatumatuma i te whakawa mo te whakaaro arotake ka taea te whakahoki kino i raro i nga ture Anti-SLAPP.

Meka Whakahe (Whakakino Whakamahinga) vs. Whakaaro Parea (Kaore e taea te Hohe)¶

I raro i te ture Whakatikatika Tuatahi i te United States, te Defamation Act 2013 in the United Kingdom (e hiahia ana ki te whakamatau "Serious Financial Harm" i raro i te Wahanga 1(2) mo tetahi roopu umanga ki te whakapae), me te ture whakakino a Kanata:

• Whakaaro Tiaki / Hiperbole (KORE E TAEA E KOE TE WHANAU I TE WANANGA WHAKAMAHI):
• "Ko te whare kai kino rawa atu i te taone nui, he rite te reka o te kai ki te kaata, he porangi katoa te rangatira, a he ripoff o ratou utu."
• Ka whakakorehia e nga kooti nga whakawakanga mo nga kupu ahua kaupapa, te reka, te reo, me te korero whakapae na te mea kaore e taea te whakaatu he pono, he teka ranei.
• Nga Tauāki Tikanga Heke / Whakakino Maana (Ka taea ki te Kooti):
• "I tahaetia e tenei kaikirimana te $5,000 i roto i taku putea i roto i taku whare," "Ka whakamahia ano e tenei taote niho ngira paru kare ano i whakakorikoria ki runga i nga turoro," "I kite ahau i nga kaokao e ngokingoki ana i roto i ta ratou pouaka tio kihini," ranei "I hokona mai e ahau he motuka i konei i te Turei ka hurihia e ratou te odometer" (i tukuna e te tangata karekau he kaihoko).
• Ko nga korero e whakapae teka ana i tetahi pakihi mo te hara, te korenga ngaio/te mahi kino, te tinihanga/te kore pono i roto i te hokohoko, me te te whakakinotanga o te mate hopuhoputanga he tauira matarohia o Defamation Per Se, i reira ka taea te whakapumau i nga korero teka me nga taunakitanga whaitake.

Kia tupato ki te Rore Huri-Utu Anti-SLAPP me te Ture Tikanga Arotake Kaihoko¶

1. Nga Ture Anti-SLAPP a te kawanatanga me te Porowini (Nga Ture Rautaki ki te Whakaaetanga mo te Whai Wāhi a te Katoa):
2. Neke atu i te 33 nga kawanatanga o Amerika (tae atu ki California, Texas, New York, Florida, me Washington) me nga kawanatanga o Kanata (pēnei i a Ontario i raro i te CJA Wāhanga 137.1 me British Columbia) kei a raatau nga ture Anti-SLAPP e tino tiaki ana i nga kaihoko e tuku ana i nga arotake pakihi ipurangi mo nga take e pa ana ki te iwi.
3. Mena ka tukuna e koe he tohe whakakino ki tetahi kaihoko pono mo te arotake whakaaro kino me te kore e whakaatu i te timatanga o te keehi me nga taunakitanga marama, ka whakaaehia he korero teka te kaihoko, ka tukuna e te kaiwhakawa te whakawa i taua wa tonu ka whakahau i to pakihi kia utua te 100 paihēneti o nga utu roia a te kaiarotake ** (he maha $25,000 ki te $7) me te $25,000 ki te $7.
4. Te Ture Tikanga Arotake Kaihoko (15 U.S.C. Wāhanga 45b):
5. Kaua rawa e ngana ki te whakauru i te "Kore-Whakakorea / Rarangi Whakahaehae" ki roto i o kirimana kaihoko, Ture Ratonga ranei e whakatuma ana ki nga kaihoko $500 mena ka waiho he arotake kino. I raro i te Consumer Review Fairness Act (CRFA) e whakamanahia ana e te FTC me te Roia Tianara o te kawanatanga, hanga rara kirimana e whiu ana i nga arotake a nga kaihoko pono, e kii ana ranei i te mana pupuri i runga i nga arotake a nga kaihoko he 100 paiheneti he kore ture, he kore noa.
6. Ahea te Whakamahi i te kupu karanga "John Doe" ki te Wetewete i nga Kaikino ingoamuna:
7. Mena ka tukuna e tetahi kaute ingoamuna he korero teka, he nui te kino whakakino mo ia tangata (he mea whakahaere puku e tetahi kaiwhakataetae tika o te rohe, he kaimahi ranei i panaia tata nei), maharatia ko Communications Decency Act Section 230 (47 U.S.C. Sec. 230) ka werohia a Google, Yelp, me Reddit kia kore e whakawakia te tangata e hautū ana, Kare i te whakawakanga mo te hunga e hautū ana. i patohia te arotake rūpahu.
8. Ka taea e tetahi roia whakakino ipurangi mohio ki te tuku i te "John Doe" Amuamu me te tuku tono a-iwi i runga i a Google, Meta, Yelp ranei (whakatika i te Dendrite / Cahill te paerewa tohu tuatahi) ki te akiaki i te turanga ki te huri i te imeera rehitatanga o nga kaiohauru, te nama waea, me te wahitau IP, ka tukuna atu ki te Ratonga Ipurangi, ki te Kaiwhakarato Ipurangi, ki te Verizon, Com. hurahia te tangata whakataetae me te kaimahi o mua.

Wāhanga 5: Ko nga tuhinga escalation Verbatim mo nga roopu Trust & Safety platform¶

Hōtuhi 1: Kōtaha Pakihi a Google / Tikiti Whakanuia Te Kaihoko Kaitiaki Kaihoko¶

Kaupapa: TE WHAKANUI KAUPAPA ME TE WHAKATAUTANGA HAURAU: Kua Whakaritea te Tiaki Tiaki Whetu-1 / Whakaekea, [Ingoa Pakihi, Tauwāhi ID]
"To the Trust & Safety and Review Abuse Escalation Team:

Our verified business profile, [Business Name] located at [Full Address] (Maps URL: [Link]), is currently the target of an active, coordinated 1-star review extortion and blackmail attack violating Platform Policies on Fake Engagement, Coercion, and Harassment.

1. Velocity Anomaly: Over the past 12 months, our business averaged [X] genuine reviews per month with a [4.8]-star rating. Between [Start Date/Time] and [End Date/Time], our profile was suddenly flooded with [Number] 1-star reviews within a [X]-hour window from accounts located outside our service area with zero transaction history at our business.
2. Attached Proof of Extortion Demand: Immediately following the initial wave of 1-star reviews, our business received the attached extortion message via [WhatsApp / Email] from [Phone Number / Email Address] demanding payment of $[Amount] in exchange for removing the 1-star reviews.
3. Law Enforcement Reporting: This criminal extortion incident has been formally reported to [FBI IC3 / FTC / Local Police] under Complaint Reference Number [#XXXXXXX] (copy attached).

We have intentionally refrained from replying to these fraudulent reviews so your engineering team can execute a clean bulk removal. We request: (a) immediate bulk deletion of all [Number] reviews posted between [Date/Time] and [Date/Time] listed in the attached log, and (b) placement of a temporary protective velocity freeze on our profile to block further botnet submissions."

Script 2: Public Pinned Statement for Mistaken Identity or Viral Misinformation¶

OFFICIAL STATEMENT FROM [BUSINESS NAME, CITY, STATE]:
"Over the past 24 hours, our small business has received hundreds of phone calls, messages, and online reviews related to a video currently circulating on social media.

[Option A, Mistaken Identity:] Please note that we are [Business Name] located in [Your City, State], an independently owned local company established in [Year]. We have zero affiliation, shared ownership, or connection with the similarly named business in [Other City, State] depicted in that video.

[Option B, Provably False Claim:] We take every allegation seriously and immediately reviewed our complete timestamped point-of-sale records and security footage from [Date]. The objective records confirm that [state 2 to 3 calm, verifiable, indisputable facts without attacking anyone personally].

We have shared these records with the relevant platforms and local authorities to protect the safety of our frontline staff. We remain committed to serving our [City] community and appreciate the support of our real customers."

Pātai auau¶

Nga kaiarahi e pa ana¶

• Whakamutua nga kaimahi me te haumarutanga o te waahi mahi
• Mahere haere tonu o te pakihi me te whakaoranga kino
• Product recall, foodborne illness outbreak, and health department closure
• Workplace customer injury and liability
• Student bullying, hazing, and cyberbullying
• Nga nama ohorere me te tuku ki te ao

Kua tirohia nga puna¶

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC) (United States): Trade Regulation Rule on the Use of Consumer Reviews and Testimonials (16 CFR Part 465, Final Rule Prohibiting Fake Reviews, Insider Reviews, and Review Suppression) and Consumer Review Fairness Act (15 U.S.C. Section 45b).
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) (United States): Interstate Extortion and Blackmail Threat Reporting Protocols (18 U.S.C. Section 875(d))
• Google Business Profile Help Center & Trust and Safety (Global): Prohibited and Restricted Content Policies (Fake Engagement, Off-Topic, Harassment) and Official Merchant Extortion Reporting Workflow.
• Yelp Trust & Safety and Tripadvisor Reputation Protection (Global): Yelp Public Attention Alert / Active Media Cleanup Procedures and Tripadvisor Pre-Post Blackmail Reporting System.
• Legislation.gov.uk and Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) (United Kingdom): Defamation Act 2013 Section 1(2) (Serious Financial Harm Requirement for Bodies Trading for Profit), Theft Act 1968 Section 21 (Blackmail), and Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (Fake Review Prohibitions).
• Competition Bureau Canada (Canada): Deceptive Marketing Practices Provisions of the Competition Act (Astroturfing and Fake Review Enforcement) and Criminal Code Section 346 (Extortion).