He aitua pahi kura, he haerenga ohorere, me te whakakotahitanga o nga matua-tamariki¶

He rereke nga nama ohorere i ia whenua. Ka whakamahia e tenei wharangi te 911, te nama mo te United States me Canada. He maha nga whenua e whakamahi ana i te 112, 999, tetahi atu nama ranei. Kimihia te nama mo to whenua.

Ahakoa he kaiako koe, he taraiwa pahi ranei e whakahaere ana i nga tamariki mataku 50 i roto i te pahi kura kowhai kua ki tonu i te auahi i muri i te tukinga o te huarahi nui, he kaiawhina i mohio kua ngaro tetahi tauira 7-tau i te haerenga ki te whare taonga, i tetahi matua ranei e whiwhi ana i tetahi karere kuputuhi whakamataku kua uru atu to tamaiti kura pahi i te tukitukitanga o te tinana, me te whakaora i te tuatahi 15 meneti. Ko nga pahi o te kura he mea hanga ki nga tuuru "whakawhanaunga" e kaha ana ki te tuara, na reira ko te ahua tino haumaru mo te kawe a nga akonga i raro i nga paerewa National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Engari, ka puta he ahi, he wahie, he rukuhia, he pari pahekeheke ranei, me mahi nga kaihautu pakeke ki te wehe i te rua-hakona ki te waahi waahi i te iti rawa 30 ki te 45 mita (100 ki te 150 putu) ki runga ake o te waka.

I tera taha o te raru, ko nga maatua whai whakaaro e oma haere tika ana ki te tukinga o te huarahi, ki te waahi kura kua wehea ranei, ka puta he ohorere tuarua kino: ka aukati nga motuka matua kua tu mai i nga motuka ahi me nga waka turoro e haere mai ana, i te wa e mauria ana e nga pakeke kore nga tamariki ki waho o nga raina o nga akonga kaore e taea e nga pirihimana me nga apiha o te kura te mohio mena ka mauhia he tamaiti ngaro ki roto i te whare, ka mauhia ranei e te matua. Ma te whai i nga NHTSA / NASDPTS School Bus Evacuation Criteria, te JumpSTART Pediatric Mass-Casualty Triage Algorithm, te Zero-Delay Missing Student Field Trip Protocol, me te I Love U Guys Foundation Standard Reunification Method (SRM), ka taea e nga kaiwhakaako, nga taraiwa, me nga matua te pupuri i nga paanga o ia tamaiti ki te kore e taea te kawe.

Mahia tenei inaianei¶

Waea wawe ki te tuku ohorere me te whakaatu i te waahi tika me te tatauranga o nga akonga. Mena ka pa mai tetahi tukinga pahi kura, ka ngaro ranei tetahi tamaiti whai mate hauora, taiohi ranei i te haerenga, waea atu ki to nama ohorere a rohe (911 i Amerika me Kanata, 112 puta noa i te Kotahitanga o Europi, 999 i te United Kingdom, tirohia katoa ranei tau ohorere) tuatahi, katahi ko te tuku kawe waka irirangi; tuhia te tohu tohu maero o te huarahi, te whitinga tiriti ranei, te maha tonu o nga tamariki kei runga i te waka, me nga whara, ngaaarearea ka kitea.
Whakawahohia te pahi kura ANAKE mena he morearea te ora i runga i te waka. I raro i te NHTSA me nga aratohu kawe a te kawanatanga, me pupuri nga akonga ki roto i te whare tiaki rino o te pahi ki te kore: (a) ka kitea he ahi, he auahi, he huarahi wahie turuturu ranei, (b) ka mutu te pahi i runga i nga huarahi tereina kei te rewa te wai i runga i nga huarahi tereina, (ka kore e rukuhia te wai) i runga i te papaahi. pari pari, (d) kua heke te aho hiko, he matū matū morearea ranei e hiahia ana kia puta te aronga hau.
Kaua rawa e mawehe atu i te pahi kura mena ka pa te aho hiko ki te tinana pahi. Ki te taka he pou taputapu, he waea ngaohiko teitei ranei i runga i te pahi kura, ka kaha te tinana o te pahi whakarewa ki te mano o nga volt i te wa e tarai ana nga potae rapa i roto; akohia ia tamaiti kia noho matara atu i nga pakitara whakarewa tae noa ki te whakapumautanga a te kamupene whaipainga kua kore te kaha o te raina (tirohia kua heke nga raina hiko me te hiko waka).
Nukuhia nga tauira kua whakatahia kia 30 ki te 45 mita (100 ki te 150 putu) atu i te huarahi me te UPWIND. Ina whakatahia he pahi kura ma te kuaha o mua, te tatau ohotata o muri, me nga pao o te tuanui, arahihia nga akonga ki roto i te konae kotahi kia matara atu i nga huarahi e haere mai ana, neke atu i te 30 mita (100 putu) te tawhiti (me te 100 putu) te tawhiti (me te 300 putu) te tawhiti (me te 100 putu ranei) te tawhiti (me te 300 putu) te tawhiti (me te 300 putu ranei) te tawhiti (me te 300 waewae) te tawhiti o te ahi te rarangi haerenga me te kete rongoa ohotata** mai i te pahi me koe.
Mena ka ngaro tetahi tauira i te haerenga haerenga, whakamohio atu ki te haumarutanga o te waahi me nga pirihimana i Minute Zero. Kaua rawa e pau te 20 meneti ki te rapu marie i tetahi whare taonga, papa kaupapa kaupapa, ara hikoi ko koe anake i mua i te whakatupato i nga mana whakahaere; maukati tonu te toenga o to roopu akonga me te kaiawhina tuarua, hoatu he whakamaarama mo te waahi mo nga kakahu o te tamaiti me te whakaahua atamai mo te ra kotahi hei whakaoho i te "Waehere Adam" raka tatau paenga, ka waea atu ki te tuku ohorere.
Matua: haere ki te Pae Whakakotahitanga me te ID whakaahua, KAUA rawa e haere ki te waahi tukinga o te huarahi. Kaua rawa e peia ki runga i te pakihiwi o te tukinga huarahi nui, ka mau ranei i to tamaiti ki waho o te raina haerenga me te kore e haina i te Reunification Release Log; Ko nga tangohanga a nga matua kaore i whakamanahia ka puta nga Matohi Amber-autohi teka me te akiaki i nga kaipatu ahi ki te whakararu i o ratau oranga ki te rapu pakaru mo te tamaiti e noho ana i roto i to motuka.

He aha te take ka toia e nga matua nga tamariki ki waho o te raina me te kore hainatanga ka puta he aitua tuarua

I te wa o te tukinga pahi kura, o te rerenga whare wananga ranei, ka whakawhirinaki nga kaiako me nga kaitoi rongoa ohorere ki te Master Student Roster ki te manatoko e 100 paiheneti o nga tamariki kei te noho morearea. Mena 42 nga akonga i runga i te pahi #14, ka oma nga matua e rua ki runga ki te tarutaru i te taha o te huarahi, ka mau i a raua tamariki, ka peia atu ki te whare haumanu o te rohe, ki te kainga ranei me te kore e tirotirohia e te Kaihautu Intua, ka heke te tatauranga ki te 40. Me kii nga kaimahi whakaora ko enei tamariki e rua kaore i kitea-i tukuna ki roto i te rua, ka mau ki raro i te pahi, ka mauria atu i raro i te pahi, ka mauria atu ranei i raro i te pahi. nga akonga i whara. Ahakoa e 3 mita (10 putu) koe e tu ana mai i to tamaiti karekau i whara i te waahi o te tukinga, kaua rawa e tangohia kia tae ra ano te mana o te ture me te apiha o te kura ki te manatoko i to ID whakaahua me te tirotiro i o raatau ingoa i te whakaaturanga matua.

Tutukinga pahi kura, ohorere haerenga mara, me te rakau whakatau hui matua¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Te Tutukinga Pahi o Te Kura, Te Wehenga Haerenga A-Tara, Ka Putea ranei te Morearea ki waho o te Whare Wananga"] --> CrisisType{"He aha te ahuatanga ohorere tuatahi?"}

    CrisisType -->|"Scenario A: Kura Pahi Tutuki / Wehenga"| PowerLineCheck{"Kei te pa, kei te tata ranei nga raina hiko kua heke ki te pahi?"}
    PowerLineCheck -->|"Ae"| StayInBusElec["KAUA E HAERE (Ki te kore e kaha te ahi o te pahi)<br/>Kia noho nga tauira katoa; pa ki te hikoi pahi + whenua = mate hikoi<br/>Waea 911 / 112 / 999 & tatari mo nga kaimahi whaipainga ki te whakakore i te aho"]

    PowerLineCheck -->|"Kao"| EvacCheck{"Kei te noho tonu he Keu Whakahekea?<br/>1. Te ahi, te auahi, te rerenga wahie ranei?<br/>2. I noho i runga i nga reriwe?<br/>3. Te wai i roto i te ruuma, kei te morearea ranei?<br/>4. Te tūponotanga tūtukitanga o te ānau matapo?"}

    EvacCheck -->|"ĀE ki Tetahi"| ExecuteEvac["Whakaotia Inaianei Te Whakarere Pahi Kura (Target < 90 Hekona):<br/>1. Kaitaraiwa/Kaiaako ka mau te Roster + Epinephrine/Inhaler Medical Kit<br/>2. Whiriwhiria te kuaha o mua, te kuaha o muri, me te wehe wehe ranei (mawehe atu i te morearea)<br/>3. Whakaritea kia 2 nga Kaiawhina Tauira pakeke ki waho o te kuaha o muri ki te hopu i nga tamariki pekepeke<br/>4. Nukuhia te roopu 30 ki te 45 mita (100 ki te 150 putu) UPWIND atu i te huarahi"]

    EvacCheck -->|"KORE (Pahi mau, tukinga iti/ahua, ara haumaru)"| ShelterInBus["Whakaruruhau ki Roto Roopu Pahi Pahi Whakahohe Whakahohehia nga rama morearea & tuu i nga tapatoru whakaata i te 3m, 30m, me te 60m<br/>Whakahaerehia te tirotiro whara i ia nohoanga me te waea 911 / EMS"]

    ExecuteEvac --> TriageAndRoster["1. Tangohia te Waea Hurirangi ki te Roopu Tuhituhi Inaianei tonu<br/>2. Mahi JumpSTART Pediatric Triage & Control Severe Blooding<br/>3. Kia noho tahi nga akonga kaore i whara mo te EMS Pediatric Transport / Tuku"]
    ShelterInBus --> TriageAndRoster

    CrisisType -->|"Te Tauari B: Te Tamariki Ngaro i te Haerenga Ake"| CodeAdam["ZERO-DELAY NGARO KAWA AKONGA:<br/>1. Purangahia nga tauira e toe ana ki te waahi kotahi me te kaiawhina tuarua<br/>2. Kia mau tonu te haumarutanga o te waahi -> keu 'Code Adam' Maukati Putaatu<br/>3. Waea 911 / 112 / 999 me te Whakaahua Rōpū Ata + Whakaahuatanga kakahu<br/>4. Tirohia nga morearea wai, wharepaku, toa taonga, me nga waahi whakawhiti i te tuatahi"]

    CrisisType -->|"Tauari C: Maatua E Whiwhi Tutuki / Matohi Whakahekea"| ParentSRM["Whāia te Tikanga Whakakotahitanga Paerewa (SRM):<br/>1. KAUA e peia ki te waahi tukinga kaha, waea atu ranei ki te waea taraiwa pahi<br/>2. Haere ki te Pae Huihuinga Whaimana me te ID Whakaahua a te Kawanatanga<br/>3. Whakaotia te Kaari Whakakotahitanga -> Tatari i roto i te Wāhi Whakatūtū Matua<br/>4. Waitohu i te Rangitaki Tuku Whaimana & Tangohia te Tamaiti mo te Tirohanga Taarua-Aro"]

Wāhanga 1: I roto i te pahi kura, ahea noho ai ki roto vs. me pehea te wehe i roto i te 90 hēkona¶

Ko nga paerewa haumaru motika motuka a Federal (FMVSS Nama 220, 221, me te 222 i te United States me Transport Canada CMVSS paerewa) me hanga nga pahi kura me nga papa whakamarumaru o te hurihanga taumaha, nga rivets hono kaha-nui, me nga nohoanga papaa tata ("whakawehenga"). Na te mea ko te roto o te pahi kura he anga whakamarumaru kua whakakahangia, na te tuku i nga tamariki kura tuatahi e 50 ki runga i te pakihiwi o te huarahi tere 100 km/h (65 mph) i roto i te ua, i te kohu ranei, he maha nga wa ka pa atu nga tamariki ki te nui ake te tupono ka patua e te waka tuarua e haere mai ana i te noho ki roto i te pahi.

Ko te 5 Whakahau Whakaterenga Whakatairanga vs. Whakaruruhau-i-Waahi¶

Tikanga Scene	Te Whakatau Inamata: Whakahekea, Me noho ki Roto?	Te Mahi Tactical me te Tawhiti Haumaru
1. He ahi, he auahi ka kitea, he wahie turuturu ranei	HUMAIA TONU (Tauira i raro i te 90 ki te 120 hēkona).	Whakamahia te putanga tatara rawa atu i te ahi/paowa (mehemea kei te paowa te wahanga miihini, whakamahia te Kuaha Ohotata Whakamuri; ki te pakaru te taika wahie o muri, whakamahia te Kuaha Ratonga Whakamua). Arataki i nga tauira i te iti rawa 45 ki te 100 mita (150 ki te 330 putu) UPWIND me UPHILL mai i te turuturu wahie.
2. Pahi i tu i runga i nga Reriwe Reriwe	WHAKAWAHI KAUPAPA (Kaua e whakapau taima ki te whakaara ano i te miihini).	Whakanuia nga akonga katoa ka oma i te koki 45-tohu I WAE atu i nga huarahi, me te neke ki te huarahi o tetahi tereina e tata ana (ki te pa te tereina ki te pahi, ka rere te otaota whakamua ma te huarahi ara; ka rere ki te huarahi tereina e haere mai ana i te koki 45-tohu e kore ai nga tamariki e rere mai i te koo parapara e rere ana). Waea atu ki te reriwe 1-800 te nama ohorere kua whakairia ki runga i te tohu ENS kahurangi i te whakawhiti.
3. Raina Hiko Whakararo e Pa ana ki te Pahi	NOHO I ROTO I TE PAHI (Mehemea ka mau te pahi ki te ahi).	Whakaakona ki nga akonga katoa: "Kia mau o ringaringa ki roto i nga matapihi, kaua hoki e pa ki nga pakitara whakarewa." Ki te kaha te ahi ki te whakatahia i te wa e kaha ana te kaha, me peke maataa nga akonga mai i te hikoi o runga me te hono tahi o nga waewae e rua, kaua rawa e pa ki te auru pahi whakarewa me te whenua i te wa kotahi, me riwhiowhiowhiowhiohia me te hopipa me nga waewae e hono tahi ana i te iti rawa 15 mita (50 putu).
4. Rukuhia ki te wai, ki roto ranei i te Awhi Taapiri	Whakatika marie ma te taha haumaru, ma te matapihi, ma te Roof Escape Hatches ranei.	Mena kei te peke te pahi i runga i te piriti, i te pareparenga ranei, me ata neke nga akonga ki te taha pikinga ka puta kia kotahi rarangi i ia wa kia kore ai nga nekehanga taumaha e huri i te pahi. Mena ka uru ki te wai hohonu (tirohia waka i roto i te wai), whakatuwheratia nga matapihi pana-waho ki waho me Roof Emergency Pao i mua tonu i te titi o te pehanga wai i nga tatau.
5. Iti/Moderate Fender-Bender i roto i nga waka Hohe (Kare he ahi, karekau he turuturu wahie)	NOHO I ROTO I TE PAHI kia aukatihia e nga Pirihimana me nga Waahi Ahi nga huarahi waka.	Tautuhia te waahi waka, whakawetohia te mura, whakahoahohia nga rama morearea 4-ara, ka whakatakoto i nga toru tapatoru whakamaarama whakaata-a-rua (i te 3 mita / 10 putu, 30 mita / 100 putu, me te 60 mita / 200 putu i muri/i mua o te pahi ia 49 CFR 392.22).

Me pehea te mahi haumaru i te tatau ohotata o muri, o te Roof Hatch ranei¶

Na te mea kei te papa o te pahi kura Momo C, Momo D ranei 1.0 ki te 1.2 mita (3.5 ki te 4 putu) mai i te papaahi, ko nga tamariki nohinohi e mataku ana me te peke tuatahi ki waho o te tatau ohorere o muri ka pakaru nga ringaringa, he whaa kanohi, he mahunga ranei i runga i te uku:

Hoatu kia rua nga "Kaiawhina Tauira" Tuatahi: Ka tohuhia e ia whakawaenga whakatahi pahi kura kia rua nga tauira pakeke ake, e kaha tinana ana e noho tata ana ki te kuaha ohorere o muri. Ko enei kaiawhina e rua ka puta tuatahi ka tu ki runga i te papaahi i tetahi taha o te kuaha o muri me o raua ringa ka toro atu.
Te Tikanga "Noho me te Kiriata" Rear Putaatu: Akona nga tauira ka puta i te kuaha o muri kia ** waiho nga peketua katoa, taputapu, me nga pouaka tina ki runga i te papa** (nga peke tuara ka tarai i nga huarahi whaiti me te mau ki nga here o nga tatau). Me noho ia tamaiti ki raro i te taha o te papa o muri, ka tuu o ratou ringa ki runga i nga pakihiwi o nga kaiawhina e rua o waho, ka paheke ki runga i o ratou waewae, ka hikoi tonu ki te tohu huihuinga kua whakaritea e 30 mita (100 putu) te tawhiti.
Kaua rawa e nekehia nga whara o te tuara ki te kore e tata te mate mo te mate: I te wa o te whakamatautau i te nohoanga i ia nohoanga, mena ka pohehe te akonga, ka korero ranei te akonga i te mamae o te kaki, te mamae tuara, te ngongo ranei o ona peka (tirohia wharanga mahunga a whati koiwi me te whati), kia kore e nekehia mo nga paramedic ** mena ka hiahia te ahi, te auahi, te wai ruku ranei ki te toia tuaka tika ohorere hei whakaora i to ratau oranga.

Wāhanga 2: Te whakamatautau i te papatipu-mate mo nga tamariki me te whakaaetanga hauora i te waahi tukinga¶

Ka tae atu nga Ratonga Hauora ohorere (EMS) ki tetahi aitua pahi kura e pa ana ki te 30 ki te 60 nga tamariki iti, me tere nga paramedics me nga kaimahi o te kura ki te whakariterite i nga whara kino mai i nga pupuhi iti i te wa e kaute ana nga akonga kotahi i runga i te whakaaturanga kawe.

1. Me pehea te whakamahi a EMS i te JumpSTART Pediatric Triage¶

Ka whakamahia e nga Paramedics te JumpSTART Pediatric Multi-Casualty Triage System ki te whakarōpū i nga akonga ki nga taumata matua e wha-tae: - KAKAKAAKA (He iti / "Walking Wounded"): Ko nga tauira ka taea te hikoi me te whai i nga whakahau ngawari ka tukuna ki tetahi Green Triage Corral kei te tirotirohia me nga kaiako/chaperones i waho o te huarahi mo te aromatawai tuarua. - KORERO (Kua roa): Ko nga tauira kaore e taea te hikoi na te whati o te pito o te pito, o te whara ngawari ranei, engari he pai te manawa (15 ki te 45 nga manawa ia meneti), te palpable peripheral pulse, me te mana hinengaro tika (A ranei V i runga i te AVPU tauine: Matohi, aro ranei ki te Reo). - Whero (Toimata / Whakamate): Ko nga akonga he arai arai, he tere ake te manawa i te 45, he puhoi ake ranei i te 15 manawa i ia meneti, he nui te whakaheke toto karekau e taea te whakahaere (taapirihia te pehanga tika, he totoro ranei; tirohia. toto nui), karekau i te putere peripheral, kua whakarereketia ranei te mana neurological (whakaaro anake ki te mamae P Kore ranei U). - ** PANGO (Te Manawa / Apneic i muri i te 5 Rescue Breaths)**: Kaore i te rite ki nga pakeke START triage, ki te mea kei te ngoikore tonu te pupuhi o te tamaiti apneic (kaore i te manawa) i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o tana ara, ka hoatu e JumpSTART ki te tamaiti 5 nga manawa whakaora i te tuatahi; ki te hoki mai te manawa mahorahora, ka tohuhia Whero (Inata).

2. He aha te take e haria ai e EMS nga akonga "kaore i whara" ki te hohipera mo te whakamaarama hauora¶

He maha nga wa e rangirua ana nga maatua ina panui tetahi takiwa kura ko katoa 35 nga tamariki i runga i te pahi kura kua pakaru kei te haria e te waka turoro, te pahi whakaora ranei ki nga tari whawhati tata o nga hohipera e rua, ahakoa 25 o nga tamariki karekau i whara. - Ko te Ture Taapapa Iti Nga Taapiri me te Taonga Taputapu: Kaore e taea e nga tamariki iti te haina i runga i te ture "Against Medical Advice (AMA) / Whakakahoretanga o te EMS Transport" te whakakore mo ratou i te waahi tukinga i te taha rori, me nga whara o roto o nga tamariki (penei i te roa o te whakaheke toto, te pakaru o te pereti tupu, te whaanui-a-te-a-te-a-te-a-te-a-ringa tuatahi) mo te mate o te tamaiti. 2 ki te 4 haora. - Ki te kore e whakaaehia te matua ki tetahi waahi tirotiro whakahuihuitanga i runga i te waahi ki te haina a-tinana i te EMS pediatric refusing waiver, ka whakahaua e nga kawa EMS i roto i nga mana whakahaere maha te kawe i nga tamariki iti ki te whare whakamatautau o te hohipera i reira ka arotakehia e nga taote ohorere me te tuku tika ki o ratau maatua.

Wāhanga 3: Ko te Kawa Ohotata Haerenga Marae me te Tauira Ngaro ("Waehere Adam") Kawa¶

Ka rahua nga haerenga haerenga ina pa mai he raru, ka maukati anake te kape o nga nama waea a nga matua o nga akonga, nga here tiaki, me nga mahere mate pawera ki roto i te tari o mua o te kura 80 kiromita (50 maero) te tawhiti, ka mohio ranei te kaiawhina kei te ngaro tetahi tamaiti i te whare kararehe pukumahi ka pau te 25 meneti nui e kopikopiko ana ki te rapu i a raatau i mua i te karanga awhina.

He aha nga mea me kawe e ia kaiako i roto i te Puke-Mahi Mamati me te Mamati¶

I mua i te wehenga atu o tetahi pahi ki waho o te waahi waka kura, me whakamana e te Kaiako Matua kei te mau ia i te Field Trip Emergency Binder (me te PDF whakamunatia tuimotu-keteroki kei runga i tana waea) kei roto:

1. E toru nga kape o te Roopu Whakaaetanga Ora: Kaua rawa e whakawhirinaki ki te rarangi pepa whakaaetanga kua taia-mua anake; tango i te ** tatau tinana i te wa e eke ana nga akonga ki runga i te pahi** ka waiho Kape #1 ki te tari matua o te kura i mua i te wehenga atu, hoatu Kape #2 ki te kaitaraiwa pahi, me te kawe Kape #3 ki te papatopenga Kaiako Matua.
2. Roopu Ataata-Ate-Ra me nga Whakaahua Waea Roopu-Chaperone: I te wa e huihui ana nga akonga i te ata (i mua i te ekenga ki waho atu ranei o te waahi), me tango e ia kaiawhina he whakaahua waea atamai-a-tinana o te 5 ki te 8 tauira kua tohua. Mena ka ngaro te tamaiti i te 3 haora i muri mai, ka wareware nga pakeke he aha te tae o te hu, te koti ranei o te tamaiti; Ko te tuku i nga pirihimana me te haumarutanga o te waahi he whakaahua kua mauhia i taua ata tonu e whakaatu ana i te kakahu tika o te tamaiti, te makawe, te peketua, me te teitei ka tapahia te wa rapunga ma te 80 paiheneti.
3. Whakaaetanga Hauora Ohotata me nga Pepa Matohi mo te Tiakitanga: He kape o nga whakamanatanga rongoa whawhati tata nga matua kua hainatia, nga taipitopito inihua hauora, me etahi Whakatau Whakatau a te Kooti Whanau / Nga Rahui Tiaki Maatua Kore-Tauturu no reira kare rawa te kaiawhina e tuku pohehe i tetahi tauira ki tetahi whanaunga kore mana i te waahi.
4. Pukoro Rongoa Ohotata a nga akonga (Kaua e waiho kia maukati i runga i te pahi): He putea rongoa whero kanapa e mau ana e te Kaiako Matua, e te Neehi Haerenga Marae kei roto nga tauira katoa e tapaina ana Epinephrine Auto-Injectors (EpiPens), Albuterol Rescue Inhalers, Glucagon / Diabetes Supplies, and Seizure Rescue Drugs Te urupare anaphylaxis kura, te urunga epinephrine, me nga mahere ohorere 504). Ko te waiho i tetahi tamaiti EpiPen kua tutakina ki roto i te pahi kura korepu e noho ana 1 kiromita (0.6 maero) te tawhiti i roto i te rota pahi nui i te wa e kai ana te akomanga i te tina i roto i te whare taonga ka mate.

Te Kawa Tamariki Ngaro Kore-Whakaroa i runga i te haerenga mara (Miti 0 ki te 15)¶

Mēnā ka poto mai he taki hoa, he kaute nama rānei e kotahi tamaiti:

Miti 0 ki te 2 (Whakatiohia te Rōpū & Tirohia nga Raina Ataata):
Totia tonu te toenga o nga akonga ki roto i te kahui noho kotahi i raro i te maataki a te kaiawhina pakeke tuarua kia kore ai e ngaro te tamaiti tuarua i te wa o te ngangau.
Kia kaha te karanga i te ingoa o te tamaiti (kaua rawa e whakamahi huna i te "tauhou-mate" i te wa e rapu ana; karangatia tona ingoa me te whakaahuatanga) ka tirotirohia nga toa wharepaku me te ruma whakamutunga i toro atu i roto i te 30 mita (100 putu).
Minute 2 (Whakamōhiotia te Haumarutanga Wāhi kia Whakaohohia he "Waehere Adam" Maukati):
Tohua te kaitiaki whare taonga tata, te kaitiaki papa, te kaimahi hokohoko ranei, waea atu ranei ki te teepu haumarutanga o te waahi ka kii: "Kei te ngaro tetahi tamaiti mai i tetahi roopu kura, whakahohehia a Code Adam inaianei."
I hangaia i te tau 1994 me te whakahau puta noa i nga whare a te kawanatanga (i raro i te Code Adam Act of 2003, 34 U.S.C. 21301) me nga mano tini o nga whare taonga, nga kararehe, nga papaa kaupapa, me nga pokapu hokohoko puta noa i te ao, he Code Adam ka toha tonu nga kaimahi o te waahi ki te **tiaki i nga tatau o waho o te whare me te tarai i te karati mo nga tamariki, ka waiho he whakamaarama mo nga tamariki ki waho me te karati waka. te tirotiro i nga wharepaku me nga huarahi o muri.
Minute 3 ki te 5 (Waea 911 / 112 / 999 me te Tirotiro Moorearea Nui i te Tuatahi):
Waea wawe ki to nama whawhati tata, ina koa mena kei raro iho i te 10 tau te tamaiti, he mate Autism Spectrum (he nui te tupono ki te kopikopiko/rere ki te wai), he mate hauora ranei.
Whakahauhia nga kai rapu ki te tirotiro ** nga tinana wai (roto, puna, awa, puna wai), ararewa, escalators, toa taonga, me te pahi kura kua tu** i te tuatahi.
Miti 5 ki te 10 (Whakamōhio atu ki te Tumuaki Kura):
Kia kaha te rapu a 911 me Venue Security, waea atu ki te Tumuaki o te Kura kia taea e te roopu raru rohe te whakarite tautoko me te ruruku i nga korero a nga matua me nga ture.

Wāhanga 4: Te Mahere Mahi Maatua, e whai ana i te Tikanga Whakakotahitanga Paerewa (SRM)¶

Ka tangi, ka haruru ranei to waea me te matohi o te kura e kii ana i tuki to tamaiti kura pahi, i whakatahia ranei tana haerenga whenua na te ohorere, ka kii nga parapara koiora katoa kia peke koe i runga i to motuka, tere ki te tohu tohu maero huarahi, ki te waahi ranei, ka oma ki runga ki te riipene kowhai. Ma te mohio ki te whakahaere a nga pirihimana me nga rohe kura i tetahi Pae Whakahoutanga whaimana ka mau to tamaiti ki roto i o ringaringa e rua nga wa tere.

Me pehea te mahi a te "I Love U Guys" Tikanga Whakahoutanga Paerewa (SRM).¶

Ko te nuinga o nga rohe kura me nga tari whakahaere ture puta noa i Amerika Te Tai Tokerau e whai ana i te Standard Reunification Method (SRM):

He aha i wehe ke ai te Wāhi Whakatū Akoranga mai i te Wāhi Takiuru-Matua:
I te Pae Whakakotahitanga (i te nuinga o te waa he whare takaro kura tuarua, he pokapu hapori, he waahi waka waka whare karakia ranei), ka whakatuu nga apiha **e rua nga waahi wehe kee noa atu i te tirohanga kanohi o tetahi ki tetahi: ko te Whahanga Whakaakoranga Tauira (i reira ka ata noho nga tamariki ki te taha o nga kaiako, wai, me nga kaimahi hauora) me te Matua Takiuru / Waahi Kaioha.
Ma te wehe i nga waahi e rua ka kore e taea e nga matua e pouri ana te kite i nga waka tūroro, i te tangi ranei i nga hoa akomanga, te tiaki i te noho muna a nga akonga, me te whakarite kia kore he tamaiti e powhirihia ki waho o te kuaha ki waho me te kore e whakamanahia.
Ko nga mea hei kawe mai i to waka i mua i to wehe atu ki te kainga:
To ID Whakaahua Na te Kawanatanga (Raihana taraiwa, ID State/Powini, Uruwhenua ranei). Karekau nga apiha ** e tuku i tetahi tamaiti ki tetahi pakeke kaare tona ingoa e rite ki te papaunga korero whawhati tata o te kura (Infinite Campus / PowerSchool / Skyward) me te ID whakaahua whaimana.
Tau Tamaiti Nga Rongoa Nui, Mohiti, Nga Taonga Whakamarie ranei (me te wai me nga paramanawa i roto i to waka, na te mea ka roa te roa o te huarahi huarahi, te whakakotahitanga-nui ranei i te 60 ki te 120 meneti).
He Kaitono Waea / Peeke Hiko: Kia tuwhera tonu to waea waea mo nga whakamohiotanga SMS a-rohe me te karo i te waea waea pūkoro kia kore e mutu i a ratou e whakatahi ana (ko nga waea waea e whakararu ana i nga akonga ki te whakarongo ki nga tohutohu taraiwa/pihiihimana).
Ko te Kaari Whakakotahitanga 4-Wahanga Tukunga:
Wāhanga 1 (Ripanga Mihi): Whakakiia e koe he rua-waahanga Kaari Whakahoutanga e whakararangi ana i to ingoa, ingoa o to tamaiti, karaehe, me te nama kaiako/pahi.
Wāhanga 2 (Ripanga Tirohanga ID): Ka tirotirohia e te kaitirotiro kura to ID Whakaahua ki te raarangi pupuri a te Pūnaha korero mo nga akonga me te rarangi tiki ohorere, ka haehaea te kaari kua kowharua ki te haurua, ka hoatu ki a koe te papa rīhiti o raro.
Wāhanga 3 (Tiaki Kaiwhaiwhai): Ka whakahokia e te kura "Kaiwhai" te haurua o runga o to kaari ki te Wāhi Whakatairanga Ākonga (he tirotiro ranei i te Hospital Transport Log mena i haria to tamaiti e te EMS, penei ka kawea koe e te kaiawhina raruraru me te kaiwhakahaere ki tetahi ruma korero motuhake ka arahi koe ki te tari whawhati tata o te hōhipera kei te tatari tetahi kaiwawao kura me to tamaiti).
Wāhanga 4 (Whakahoutanga me te Waitohu-Whatu): Ka haria e te Kaiwhaiwhai to tamaiti ki te Kuaha Whakahoutanga, ka taurite i to rehiti ki te kaari o runga, tuhia te wa tika o te tukunga, ka wehe tonu koe kia noho marama te waahi waka mo te matua e whai ake nei.

Wāhanga 5: Te mataaratanga o te tamaiti i muri i te tukinga, te whakaroa i te maru, nga whara o roto, me te whara¶

Ahakoa ka tirotirohia e nga kaiparapara i to tamaiti i te waahi o te tukinga pahi o te kura me te whakakore i a ia kia hoki ki te kainga me koe mai i te waahi whakakotahitanga, he maha nga wa ka huna e te adrenaline i muri i te tukinga nga whara tamariki mo te 6 ki te 48 haora tuatahi.

48-haora te whakahau a nga matua mo te maataki hauora me te maataki hinengaro¶

Whakaritea he Raa-Ate, Ake-Ake ranei Aromātai Pediatrician / Tiaki Tiaki Tere: Me tono tetahi rata ki te mahi i tetahi whakamatautau neurological, puku, me te uaua uaua me te tuhi i te tukinga o te pahi kura i roto i te rekoata hauora whaimana o to tamaiti (he mea nui mo nga kerēme e rua mo te tirotiro haumanu me nga kereme pakihi pahi/aunoa).
Matataki mo te Rorohanga Pediatric Concussion me te Intracranial Bleed Red Flags (Tuatahi 72 haora):
Ahakoa kare e pa te mahunga ki runga i te karaihe, ka paheke te whiunga tere ki runga i te tuuru pahi ka paheke (tirohia wharanga mahunga).
Waea atu ki 911 / 112 / 999 me haere ranei ki te Tari Ohotata tata tata ki te tupu to tamaiti: he mahunga kei te kaha haere te kino, ruaki te ruaki, nausea ranei, tetahi o nga akonga he nui ake i tetahi, he korero pohehe, he mangere/tutukituki, he tino momoe, he kore kaha ki te oho ake, he koretake, he tangi ranei.
Tirohia mo te "Tauturu / Tohu Paepae" me te mamae o te puku:
Mena kua maru to tamaiti i te puku, i te uma, i nga riu ranei i te hokinga mai o te nohoanga ki mua i a ia, i te whitiki pupuri pahi ranei, ka amuamu ranei mo te mamae o te puku, te mamae o te pakihiwi (he tohu Kehr no te irirangi o te splenic), whanoke, he toto ranei kei roto i te mimi, me kawe tonu atu ki te Tari ohorere ki te whakakore i te maru o roto.
Tautoko i muri i te aituā Hinengaro Whakamaramatanga:
I muri i te tukinga pahi, i te mataku wehe ranei, he mea noa mo nga tamariki ka pa ki te moemoea, te uaua ki te moe mokemoke, te mamae o te puku i nga ata o te kura, te tino mataku ranei ki te hoki mai ki runga pahi kura kowhai (tirohia te korero ki nga tamariki i nga wa ohorere).
Whakamana marietia o raatau kare-a-roto ("He nui te tukinga me te whakamataku, kei te ngana tonu to tinana ki te tiaki i a koe, ahakoa kei te noho haumaru koe inaianei"), whakarite kia hoki haere ki te pahi me te kaitohutohu o te kura, ka tono kia noho mo te wa poto ina hiahiatia.

Ki te whakarite mo nga mate ohorere e pa ana ki nga tamariki, whakaarohia te tango i tetahi awhina tuatahi mo nga tamariki me te akoranga CPR mai i te Ripeka Whero, St John Ambulance, tetahi kaiwhakarato whakangungu rohe ranei.

Pātai auau¶

My child just texted me from inside their school bus saying they were in a crash on the highway 10 minutes from my house. Why shouldn't I drive straight to the highway and pick them up myself?

Driving to an active highway school bus crash scene creates two severe hazards: First, dozens of parent cars pulling onto the highway shoulder block emergency lanes needed by fire trucks, extrication rigs, and ambulances trying to reach injured children. Second, law enforcement and EMS cannot legally release an unaccompanied minor at an active highway scene without verifying custodial ID against the official school database and logging the release on the Master Transport Manifest; if you pull your child away without official sign-out, rescue crews must assume a child is missing or trapped, delaying medical care for others. Go directly to the school district designated Reunification Site (or the assigned hospital if notified by EMS) with your government photo ID.

Why don't all yellow school buses have three-point seatbelts, and why do drivers keep kids inside the bus after most accidents instead of evacuating them?

Under National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 222, large school buses (over 4,536 kilograms / 10,000 pounds) are engineered around passive "compartmentalization," which uses closely spaced, high-backed, heavily padded seats that absorb crash forces like an egg carton without requiring a young child to properly buckle a belt. (While several states now mandate three-point belts on new buses for rollover/side-impact protection, compartmentalization remains the core structural shield). Because a 12-metric-ton steel school bus sitting high off the ground protects children from passing cars, NHTSA guidelines state that students should remain inside the bus after a crash UNLESS there is fire, smoke, a fuel leak, railroad tracks, downed power lines/hazmat, or submersion risk.

If a student has a severe peanut allergy or asthma, who is supposed to carry their EpiPen or inhaler during a school field trip, the bus driver, the teacher, or the child?

Under state student self-carry laws and Section 504 / Individualized Healthcare Plan (IHP) guidelines, an older student who is approved to self-carry should keep their own rescue inhaler or Epinephrine Auto-Injector on their person at all times, AND the Lead Teacher or Field Trip Nurse must carry a backup emergency medical kit containing the student labeled medication alongside them throughout the entire venue visit. Never leave emergency rescue medications locked inside the empty school bus in the parking lot while students are inside a museum, zoo, or park.

What is a "Code Adam," and how does it work if a student wanders off during a field trip at a museum, zoo, or science center?

A "Code Adam" (named in memory of 6-year-old Adam Walsh and federally mandated across U.S. government buildings under 34 U.S.C. 21301, as well as adopted by thousands of museums, theme parks, zoos, and retail stores across North America) is an immediate building-wide missing-child lockdown protocol. The moment a teacher or parent reports a missing child to any venue employee, staff immediately lock or station guards at every exterior exit and parking structure, sweep restrooms and restricted areas, and stop any adult attempting to exit with a child matching the description, calling law enforcement within 10 minutes if the child is not located inside the building.

Nga kaiarahi e pa ana¶

Kua tirohia nga puna¶

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and National Association of State Directors of Pupil Transportation Services (NASDPTS) (United States): School Bus Driver In-Service Safety Series (Nga Tikanga Whakatairanga ohorere, Compartmentalization i raro i te FMVSS No. 222, me nga Ture Whakawhitinga Reriwe).
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) (United States): 49 CFR 392.22 (Nga Tohu ohorere me te Whakaata Whakaata Whakatupato Whakatakoto Tawhiti mo nga Waka Tauhokohoko Whakamutua).
Te "I Love U Guys" Foundation and Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools (REMS) Technical Assistance Centre / US Department of Education (United States): The Standard Reunification Method (SRM) Operational Manual for Schools and Law Enforcement.
National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) (United States): Code Adam Act of 2003 (34 U.S.C. Section 21301) and Field Trip Child Safety Protocols.
Nga Ratonga Hauora Ohotata mo nga Tamariki (EMSC) / Nga Rauemi Hauora me te Whakahaere Ratonga (HRSA) (Te Hononga o Amerika): JumpSTART Pediatric Mass Casualty Triage Algorithm and Safety Transport of Children in Ambulances.
Transport Canada (Canada) and Department for Education (DfE) (United Kingdom): School Bus Safety Features (CMVSS), Health and Safety on Educational Visits Statutory Guidance, and Critical Incident Management for Schools.