Generator safety and carbon monoxide¶

Ko te penehīni kawe, te propane, te diesel, me nga kaihanga hinu-rua ka whakaora i te hiko i te wa o te tupuhi nui me te roa o te mate hiko, engari ka hangai tonu he morearea e ora ana i te kainga. I muri mai i nga awhiowhio nui, te awha huka, me te paopao o te rohe, he maha nga wa ka tukuna e nga tari whawhati tata nga tangata i mate mai i te rewharewha o roto o roto, te kai whakamuri hiko mate, me nga mura ahi whakawera wera atu i nga mea o te huarere tonu.

Ma te mohio me pehea te mahi i te wa ka tangi te whakaoho waro monoxide, kei hea te tuunga i tetahi waahanga kawe kia kore ai nga hau e pana te ruha ki roto i te whare, me pehea te katinga o nga kaihanga ohorere, me te wehe i nga ara iahiko hiko ka ora tonu to whare me nga kaimahi whaipainga ina heke te matiti.

Mahia tenei inaianei¶

Mena ka timata te tangi o te whakaoho waro monoxide o to whare i te wa e rere ana te miihini, ki te rongo ranei tetahi i roto i te whare ka ngenge, ka ngenge, ka pohehe, ka ngoikore, ka pa mai ranei te mamae o te upoko:

1. Whakahekea nga tangata katoa me nga mokai ki roto i te hau hou o waho. Kaua e tu ki te whakatuwhera i nga matapihi, ki te kohi peeke, ki te rapu ranei i te puna o te ngongo o roto. Nekehia nga tangata katoa kia 15 mita (50 putu) ki runga ake i te hau o te whare me te hiko hiko.
2. Waea atu ki nga ratonga hauora ohorere mai i waho. Waea atu ki to nama whawhati tata (911 i te United States me Canada, 112 puta noa i te Kotahitanga o Europi, 999 i te United Kingdom) tirohia to maatau raarangi tau ohorere. Ripoatahia he whakaoho whakaoho waro monoxide ka korero ki te kaikawe korero mena he tohu to tetahi na reira ka kawea mai e nga paramedic te 100 paiheneti hauora hauora.
3. Kaua rawa e kuhu ki roto i te karati, te whare, te papa o raro ranei hei whakaweto i te miihini hiko. Mena kei waho te miihini i te rangi tuwhera ka taea e koe te toro atu me te kore e kuhu ano ki roto i te whare kua pokea, pehia tana pakaru matua ki te OFF ka huri i te pana miihini ki OFF. Mēnā kei te rere te kaiwhakaputa i roto i te karati kua kati, kei roto ranei i te karati, i raro, i te wharau ranei, kaua e kuhu ki roto i taua waahi ahakoa mo te rima hēkona: ka kohia te waro monoxide ki roto ka paheke koe i roto i nga manawa e rua. Taria mo nga kaipatu ahi e mau ana i nga taputapu manawa (SCBA).
4. Hoatu te awhina tuatahi ki nga mema o te whanau e mate ana. Me noho te tangata e pa ana ki te mahunga, te whanoke, te nausea, te kopu ranei o te uma kia noho ata noho ki te hau hou hei whakaiti i te hiahia o te hāora. Ki te kore te tangata e aro, tirohia to manawa ka timata te auahi me te waro monoxide awhina tuatahi ranei CPR tonu.
5. Mehemea kei waho te kaitapahiko, ka paoa, kei te ahi ranei, wehea te uta me te wahie. Whakatata mai i te taha whakarunga o te hau, porehia te kaitao hiko AC me te whakahuri mura o te miihini ki te OFF, katia te paera wahie, ka whakamahi i te Class B / Class C (he kaupapa maha ranei ABC dry chemical) whakaweto ahi mai i te 2.5 ki te 1.0 mita te tawhiti atu. Kaua rawa e maka te wai ki runga i te hiko e wera ana, e kaha ana ranei.
6. Kaua e kuhu ano ki te kainga kia whakakorea e nga kaipatu ahi te hau o roto. Ahakoa ka whakawetohia te miihini o waho, ka noho tonu te hau waro monoxide ki roto i nga ruma me nga huarahi mo nga haora. Taria kia inehia e te tari ahi te hau o roto me nga kaitirotiro hau-maha matihiko kua oti te whakarite me te whakau kua hoki mai te kuhanga waro monoxide ki te 0 nga wahanga mo te miriona (ppm).

flowchart TD
    A["Whakaoho Ohotata i te wa e mate ana te hiko"] --> B{"He aha te morearea tata?"}
    B -->|"Ka tangi te whakaoho CO, ka porangi ranei nga mema o te whanau"| C["Whakahekea nga tangata katoa me nga mokai 15 m (50 ft) ki runga hau ki te hau hou"]
    C --> D["Waea 911, 112, 999 ranei mai i waho"]
    D --> E{"Kei roto i te hau o waho, i roto ranei i te karati/whaewha?"}
    E -->|"I roto i te karati, i raro, i te wharau ranei"| F["KAUA E TOMO: Taria mo nga kaipatu ahi me nga taputapu manawa"]
    E -->|"I waho i te rangi tuwhera"| G["Whakawetohia te whakaweti hiko me te whakaweto miihini mai i te taha whakarunga"]
    B -->|"Te whakakorikori, te paowa, te ahi wahie ranei"| H["Hurihia te pakaru me te miihini MATE mena he haumaru, kati te kaera wahie, whakamahia te tiimu ABC/BC"]
    B -->|"Kua whakahokia mai te mana matiti taputapu"| I["Tatari mo te 5 meneti mo te whakapumautanga o te matiti, whakawhiti te uta, whakamatao i te miihini 3 meneti"]

Te whakautu whakaoho waro monoxide me nga tangi o te pākahiko iti¶

I te wa e mate ana te hiko mo te maha o nga ra i roto i te pouri, ka taea e te kaikorero tangi i runga i te pakitara, i te tuanui ranei ka raruraru kino. Ko te pohehe i te whakamaaramatanga o te whakaoho paihana hei tangi o te pākahiko iti he he he mate. Ko nga paerewa haumaru ahi a-motu (pēnei i te NFPA 720 / NFPA 72 i te United States, CSA 6.19 i Kanata, me te BS EN 50291 i te United Kingdom me te Kotahitanga o Europi) e hiahia ana nga whakaoho waro monoxide ki te whakamahi i nga tauira oro motuhake.

Ko nga tohu haumanu o te paihana waro monoxide na te taumata rongo¶

Ka herea te waro monoxide ki te hemoglobin i roto i nga pūtau toto whero me te hononga 200 ki te 250 nga wa kaha ake i te hāora, ka hanga carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) ka matekai te roro me te uaua o te ngakau o te hāora i te wa e huri ana i te ānau wehenga hāora-hemoglobin kia kore e tukuna te toenga hāora ki te kopa.

Ko te mea nui, kare e taea e nga oximeters puihi matimati (nga topenga SpO2) te kite i te paihana waro monoxide. Kare e taea e te oximeter putere o te kainga rua-roa ngaru te wehewehe i waenga i te oxyhemoglobin (toto herea-oxygen) me te carboxyhemoglobin here-whero kanapa (toto kawa-CO). Ko te tangata e mate ana i te paihana waro monoxide he maha nga wa ka whakaatu he korero teka "tika" he 98, 99 paiheneti ranei i runga i te oximeter pulse maihao i te kainga.

Kia mataara ki nga mema katoa o to whare (me nga mokai, ka hinga i te tuatahi na te nui o te reiti o te tinana) mo enei tohu: - Te rongo ngawari (COHb 10 ki te 20 ōrau): Te ānini o mua, te nausea ngawari, te ngenge, te ngoikore, me te poto o te manawa i te whakapau kaha. Na te mea ka puta te paihana waro monoxide kare he kirikaa ka pa ki nga tangata katoa i roto i te whare i te wa kotahi, mena ka rongo te tokorua, neke atu ranei o te whanau he "rite ki te rewharewha" ka nausea ranei i te wa e rere ana te miihini hiko, ka mau tonu ki te paihana waro monoxide. - Whakaahua iti (COHb 20 ki te 40 paiheneti): Te mamae o te upoko o te tinana, te whanoke nui, te ruaki, te rangirua o te tirohanga, te rangirua, te ngoikore o te whakaaro (kaore e mohio te tangata kua mate me haere ki waho), te mamae o te uma (angina), te tere o te ngakau, me te haere ohorere (ataxia). - Te kaha o te rongo (COHb i runga ake i te 40 ki te 50 ōrau): Te Syncope (ngohengohe), te ngenge e haere ana ki te koma, te maru nui, te mate o te ngakau, te mate ngakau mate, te hopu manawa, me te mate.

He aha te whakatuwhera i nga karati, nga whakamahau me nga matapihi e kore e aukati i te urunga o te remu¶

Ko te 5,000-watt kawe penehihini hiko e whakamahi ana i te miihini iti waro-kore-kore e whakaputa ana i te rite tonu o te rahinga o te waro monoxide ki te ono ki te rau nga motuka hou kua werohia ki te wahie kei runga i te kawenga. Ko te maru ka mahue i te muffler hiko kawe kei roto 10,000 ki te 50,000 ppm (1 ki te 5 ōrau) waro monoxide parakore, engari ko te kukū o roto o te 1,200 ppm (0.12 ōrau) kua tohua e te US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) hei Iki tonu i te Hauora, e toru nga mate o te manawa, e toru ranei te mate o te manawa (IDL). mate i roto i nga meneti.

He maha nga wa ka whakanohohia e nga rangatira o te kaainga he miihini ki roto noa i te kuaha karati e tuwhera ana kia kore ai e ua, i raro i te whakamahau o muri, kei raro i te rahoraho, 2 mita (6 putu) ranei i waho o te matapihi. Ka mate tenei i nga whanau i nga wa tupuhi na te toru o nga mahi aerodynamic me te hanga-ahupūngao:

1. Ko te kuhutanga o te hau i runga i te pehanga (Ko te Paanga Stack me te whakahekenga miihini): Ina he mahana ake te whare (i te takurua) he makariri ake ranei (i te raumati) i waho o te whare, i te wa e rere ana nga paera kaukau, nga whakamaroke kakahu, nga pupuhi oumu ranei, ka tupu te ahua o nga taumata o raro o te whare i te korehau pehanga hau kino (te tikanga -3 ki te -10 Pascals). Ko te ngongo i tukuna i roto i te karati e piri ana, i te tata ranei o nga hau o te mokowhiti, o nga hau soffit, o nga ara kuaha retireti ranei, ka ngongohia e nga tuitui pakitara moroiti, pouaka putanga hiko, me nga tatau huarere ki roto i nga ruma o runga i roto i te 10 ki te 15 meneti.
2. ** Nga waahi oho me nga waahi hurihanga:** Ka pupuhi te hau ki runga i te tuanui o te whare, ki nga kokonga ranei o te whare, ka puta he poipoipouri o te pehanga-iti (leeward wake eddy) ka toro atu i te 3 ki te 5 mita (10 ki te 16 putu) mai i te pakitara o te hau me roto i nga kokoru karati tuwhera. Engari kaua e pupuhi atu i te remu whakangao ki roto i te iari, ka mauhia e te hau vortex te pupuhi ngongo ki te taha o waho, ka toia ki roto i nga anga matapihi, nga hau hiwi, me nga awaawa.
3. ** Te herenga o nga pūoko kati aunoa CO (ANSI/PGMA G300 me te UL 2201):** He maha nga kaihanga kawe hou e whakaatu ana i te pukoro CO o runga i hangaia hei tapahi i te mura o te miihini mena ka kohia te waro monoxide huri noa i te anga whakangao (te tikanga i te 400 ppm inamata, 150 ppm te toharite hurihuri). Ahakoa he awhina mena ka pohehe te tangata ki te tiimata i te miihini i roto i te ruuma kati, kaore e taea e te pukoro o runga te kite i te ngongo e pupuhi ana i roto i te pukoro whaiti mai i te paipa hiku ma te matapihi tuwhera o te whare moenga, ma te hau soffit 3 mita (10 putu) te tawhiti i te hau hau o waho ka waimeha tonu te pūoko. Kaua rawa e waiho he tohu kati CO aunoa hei whakaaetanga ki te whakanoho i te miihini kia tata atu ki te 6 mita (20 putu) mai i tetahi hanganga.

Ko nga ture whakaurunga generator haumaru ki waho¶

• Te iti rawa o te 6 mita (20-waewae) te waatea ki nga taha katoa: Ine kia 6 mita (20 putu) mai i to whare, te whare o to hoa tata, nga karati piri, nga wharau, me nga matapihi, nga kuaha, nga taputapu rangi-matapihi, te putorino o te oumu, te hau mokowhiti ranei.
• Ponohia te muffler ngongo ki tawhiti atu i nga hanga katoa me te whakararo o te hau: Whakatairitehia te anga whakangao kia rere atu te putanga o te ngongo i te whare me te ahunga o te hau.
• Kaua rawa e tuu i raro i nga rahoraho, i nga awaawa, i nga tauranga waka ranei: Ko te ngongo wera e mau ana i raro i te rahoraho rakau, i te tuanui o te tuanui e iri ana ranei ka haere whakapae ma te taha o nga awhi ka uru ki roto i te whare ma roto i nga awhi rim me nga hau hau.

Te aukati i te whakaheke hiko whakamate me te hiko¶

Ko te hono i te hiko kawe ki to kainga ka hangai e rua nga morearea hiko e whakararu ana i te ora: te whakahoki ngaohiko teitei ki runga i nga raina hiko whaipainga me te hiko o te whenua makuku-rangi.

He aha te mea he morearea whakamate te whangai ki muri me te "taua whakamomori" tane-rua¶

Ia wa tupuhi, ka ngana te tangata ki te whakakaha i to ratau whare me te kore he pana whakawhiti ma te hanga, ki te hoko mai ranei i tetahi taura me nga poro tane i nga pito e rua, ka honoa mai i te kaihanga ki roto i te ipu whakamaroke kakahu 240-volt, te putanga weera, te turanga pakitara o waho ranei. Kaua rawa e mahi i tenei ahakoa ahakoa te aha:

1. Te hiko tonu mai i nga manga ora: I te wa e honoa ai tetahi pito o te taura tane-rua ki te hiko hiko, ka mau nga mata parahi o tera pito ki te 120/240-volt te ngaohiko tauutuutu whakamate e taea ai te whakapataritari tonu i te ventricular fibrillation ki te paraihia e te ringa, te tamaiti, te mokai ranei.
2. Whakamurihia te ahupūngao whakawhiti hiko (7,200+ volts i runga i nga raina tiriti): Ko te whakahuri whaipainga porotakaroa e mau ana i runga i te pou tiriti, i te papa kaakaariki ranei i waho o to kaainga he porowhita hikoruarua me te 30:1, 60:1 ranei te huri ōwehenga. I te nuinga o te wa, ka heke te 7,200-volt (13,800-volt) teitei ngaohiko toha hiko * heke iho* ki te 240 volts mo to whare. Mēnā ka whakamuri koe i te 240 volts mai i tō pūhiko ki roto i tō paewhiri whare me te kore e momotuhia te kaiwahi taputapu matua, ka rere whakamuri to hiko i roto i to mita hiko ka uru atu ki te awhiowhio tuarua o te hurihanga huarahi. Ka hikoi te kaihurihuri i te 240 volts o to kaihanga ki runga ki te 7,200+ volts, e whakakaha ana i nga waea "mate" kua heke puta noa i to kaainga me te tarai hiko i nga kaimahi raina taputapu, i nga hoa tata ranei e tarai ana i nga manga tupuhi.
3. Ahakoa te huri a ringa i te arai matua me te kore he raka, karekau he haumaru: I roto i te ahotea pouri o te mangumangu, ka wareware nga rangatira o te kainga ki te huri i te arai matua i te tuatahi, ka huri ranei tetahi atu mema o te whanau ki te whakahoki i te arai matua ki te tirotiro mena kua hoki mai te hiko o te tiriti. I te hokinga mai o te mana matiti taputapu ki waho-waahanga me to miihini e rere ana, ka tuki tonu te naianei o te hapa (10,000+ amps) ki te rotor hurihuri o to kaihanga, ka pahū nga awhiowhio hurihanga kaitahuri me te mura o te ahi hiko i roto i to papapa pakitara. Pānuihia to maatau aratohu te papa hiko me te wera nui mo nga wa ohorere ahi a te roopu.

Te rahi o te taura toronga me te aukati ahi¶

He iti te rahi o nga taura toronga whare (pēnei i nga aho angiangi 16-mehua, 18-mehua ranei nga rama rama o roto) he nui te parenga hiko. I te wa e kumea ana te 12 ki te 15 amp ma te taura angiangi te pouaka pouaka pouaka, te papu putunga, te ngaruiti ranei, ka heke te ngaohiko ki te taputapu (ka wera te motini compressor) i te wa e wera ana te taura toronga, ka rewa tana whakamaarama PVC, ka mura te whariki, te tarutaru maroke ranei.

Whakamahia anake tauera-waho, taura toronga 3-a-papa kua tohua ki nga waehere koti SJTW, STW, SOOW, SEOOW ranei: - ** Tae atu ki te 15 mita (50 putu) mo nga uta 15-amp (1,800 Watts te teitei):** Whakamahia te iti rawa 12 AWG (American Wire Gauge) taura parahi taumaha (1.5 ki te 2.5 mm² te waahanga whiti i roto i nga paerewa ine IEC). - 15 ki te 30 mita (50 ki te 100 putu) 20-amp ranei nga uta (2,400 Watts) me te 30-amp taura takahuri-raka (L14-30): Whakamahia te iti rawa 10 AWG (4.0 ki te 6.0 mm² ineine) taura taumaha. - Kaua rawa e herea nga taura toronga ki raro i nga whariki, whariki, ka kowhakina tatatia ranei ki nga whitiki matapihi kati, nga tatau rino ranei: Ko te wera i mau i raro i te whariki e kore e memeha, me te kowiri i te taura i roto i te anga whakarewa o te kuaha ka tapahia i roto i te arai o roto, ka hiko te anga o te tatau. Whakauruhia nga aho ki roto i te karekau paipa matapihi kua whakatapua i te pahuka, pania ranei te aputa o te kuaha ki te kihu poka wai wehe kia kore ai te taura e pakaru.

Te mahi makuku i te wa o te ua, te ua, me te hukarere¶

Kaua rawa e whakahaere i tetahi kaihanga kawe anga-tuwhera tika i te ua, te hukapapa, te hukarere maku ranei, kaua rawa e tukua kia noho ki roto i te wai tu, i te para ranei: - Whakaarahia te anga ki runga i te whenua maku: Whakanohoia te kaihanga ki runga i te papa raima taumata, nga poraka hiato taumaha, ki te papa rakau maroke ranei kia kore ai e pakaru te wai ua ki roto i te whare stator raro. - Whakamahia he whakamarumaru whakangao i hangaia, he whakamarumaru tuwhera-taha ranei: Tiakina te tihi o te waahanga kia kore e ua ma te whakamahi i te whakamarumaru awha kua oti te hanga mo nga kaihanga hiko (pērā i te GenTent kua whakamatauria e te UL e mau ana ki te anga i te wa e tuwhera tonu ana te ruha me te whakamatao i nga urunga hau) ka tuu ranei ki raro i te puhera tuwhera ki runga i te pakitara tuwhera, whakapumau tonu i te hau. 1.5 mita (5 putu) o te waahi tuwhera huri noa i nga taha e wha me te 6 mita (20 waewae) mai i to kainga. - Kia maroke nga hononga taura me te whakamatau i nga GFCI: Pēhia te patene TEST me te RESET kei runga i nga putanga Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI / RCD) i nga wa katoa ka timata koe i te waahanga. Whakanuia nga wehenga taura o waho mai i te tarutaru maku ma te whakanoho ki runga i te peere kirihou hurihuri, paraka cinder ranei.

Ko te kati ohorere, te whakahaere kawenga, me te haumaru whakawera wera¶

Ina rere ana te miihini hiko mo nga ra i te wa e paheke ana, ka taea e te katinga kore tika, te whakakii ranei i te miihini wera ka taea te whakangaro i nga taputapu, ka puta he ahi ahi.

1. Me pehea te mahi i te katinga-whakaheke kawenga haumaru me te katinga ahi ohorere¶

Kaua rawa e whakawetohia te hiko (me waiho ranei kia pau te hau) i te wa e kaha tonu ana to pouaka pouaka, oumu, papua, hikohiko ranei e kaha tonu ana te utu hiko. I te tere haere o te miihini i roto i nga hēkona whakamutunga i mua i te tu, ka hinga te ngaohiko whakaputa me te auau AC (60 Hz i Amerika Te Tai Tokerau, 50 Hz i Uropi/UK/Ahitereiria) i te wa e paheke ana, e wera ana i nga papa whakahaere HVAC tairongo me nga awhiowhio whakamatao.

• Te raupapa whakaweto kua whakamaheretia (mo te whakakii hinu, te tirotiro hinu, te moe ranei):
• Whakawetohia, unuhia ranei nga taputapu taumaha i roto i te whare i te tuatahi.
• Haere ki waho ki te kaihanga ka huri i te Main AC Circuit Breaker i runga i te paewhiri mana generator ki OFF.
• Allow the engine to run completely unloaded for 2 to 3 minutes so the internal flywheel fan cools the copper alternator windings and cylinder head.
• Turn the Engine Ignition Switch to OFF.
• Turn the Fuel Valve (Petcock) to the OFF position. (On propane units, close the brass valve on top of the LP gas cylinder tightly).
• Emergency shutdown (if the generator is sparking, smoking, leaking fuel, or making violent mechanical knocking noises):
• Do not wait for a 3-minute cool-down. Approach from the upwind side and immediately flip the Main AC Breaker and Engine Ignition Switch to OFF, then close the Fuel Valve.
• If the ignition switch fails to kill the engine, pull the Choke Lever fully to the closed/start position to flood and stall the engine.
• If a fuel or electrical fire erupts on the generator, stay back 2.5 to 3 meters (8 to 10 feet), sweep the base of the flames with a Class B/C or ABC dry chemical fire extinguisher, and call the fire department if flames do not go out immediately.

2. The 20-minute cool-down rule before refueling¶

Gasoline is extremely volatile; its invisible vapors are 3 to 4 times heavier than air and flash-ignite at temperatures around 280 degrees Celsius (536 degrees Fahrenheit) or from a tiny static spark. Meanwhile, a running generator's exhaust manifold and muffler sit directly beneath the top-mounted sheet-metal gas tank and reach 500 to 600 degrees Celsius (930 to 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit).

Safe refueling and fuel storage checklist: - [ ] Ground the fuel container and use a wide funnel: Before pouring, touch the nozzle of your approved safety fuel can (red for gasoline, yellow for diesel) against the metal frame of the cool generator (away from the battery terminals) to discharge static electricity, and use a clean wide-mouth funnel or anti-spill spout so fuel never runs down the outside of the tank. - [ ] Leave 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) of expansion headspace: Never fill the generator gas tank all the way to the brim of the filler neck. Cold gasoline expands in volume as it warms up above a warm engine; overfilling forces liquid fuel out the cap vent hole directly onto the hot exhaust manifold. - [ ] Use a battery LED headlamp at night: Never hold a match, lighter, candle, or cigarette near a generator or fuel storage area. - [ ] Store spare fuel cans safely outdoors: Never store gasoline cans or 9-kilogram (20-pound) propane cylinders inside the living space of your house, basement, or near a gas water heater pilot light. Store approved, tightly sealed fuel containers in a detached shed or ventilated outdoor storage box at least 7.5 meters (25 feet) away from the running generator and any ignition source.

3. Blackout troubleshooting and crankcase oil maintenance¶

Unlike an automobile engine that has a pressurized oil filter and a large 5-liter oil sump, most portable generators use a splash-lubricated small air-cooled engine holding less than 0.6 to 1.1 liters (20 to 38 fluid ounces) of oil, running continuously at a fixed 3,600 RPM (or 3,000 RPM for 50 Hz units).

• Check the oil dipstick every 8 to 12 hours of run time (at every second refueling): Running a generator continuously burns oil rapidly. If the oil level drops even 150 milliliters (5 ounces) low, the internal low-oil float sensor will automatically ground out the spark plug to prevent the connecting rod from seizing, causing the generator to shut off suddenly in the middle of the night and refuse to restart until you add SAE 10W-30 (or synthetic 5W-30 in sub-freezing winter weather).
• Perform the mandatory first oil change on a brand-new generator after 20 to 25 hours: If you unpacked a brand-new generator from a box during a storm blackout, internal aluminum and cast-iron break-in metal shavings will fill the crankcase oil during the first day of operation. Drain and refill the oil after the first 20 to 25 hours of running, then every 50 to 100 hours thereafter, or the engine will fail prematurely during a multi-day outage.
• Calculate startup surge watts vs running watts to prevent breaker trips: Electric motors inside refrigerators, deep freezers, sump pumps, well pumps, and furnace blowers require 2.5 to 3.5 times their running wattage for the first half-second when the motor starts spinning (Locked Rotor Amps). Never turn on all household circuits at the exact same second; stagger your loads by turning on the well pump or refrigerator first, waiting 30 seconds for the compressor to stabilize at its lower running wattage, and then turning on secondary lighting or heating loads.

Pātai auau¶

Kua tirohia nga puna¶

• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): Portable Generator Safety, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Prevention, and UL 2201 / PGMA G300 Standards.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Carbon Monoxide Poisoning After a Disaster: Clinical Guidance and 20-Foot Generator Clearance Rule.
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code) Article 702 Optional Standby Systems and NFPA 72 / 720 Carbon Monoxide Alarm Acoustic Patterns.
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, United States): Using Portable Generators Safely and Carbon Monoxide IDLH Exposure Limits.
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and Electrical Safety First (United Kingdom): Safe Use of Standby Generators, Earthing, and Isolation Requirements.

Related guides¶

• Whakaongo auahi me te waro monoxide paihana awhina tuatahi
• Carbon monoxide leaks and indoor alarms
• Selecting and installing a backup generator
• Electrical panel arcing and overheating
• Home power outage safety and backup power
• Global emergency numbers