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Tree Stand Falls, Backcountry Penetrating Trauma, and Remote Evacuation

He rereke nga nama ohorere i ia whenua. Ka whakamahia e tenei wharangi te 911, te nama mo te United States me Canada. He maha nga whenua e whakamahi ana i te 112, 999, tetahi atu nama ranei. Kimihia te nama mo to whenua.

Across North America and Europe, elevated tree stand falls are the single leading cause of hunting-related hospitalizations and deaths, far surpassing firearm and archery discharges combined. Falling 4.5 to 7.5 meters (15 to 25 feet) from a climbing stand, hang-on platform, or ladder stand causes high-energy vertical deceleration trauma to the cervical spine, thoracic aorta, pelvis, and calcanei, while hanging motionless in a full-body safety harness without a suspension relief strap triggers fatal orthostatic suspension trauma in as little as 15 to 30 minutes.

Also, when an accidental firearm discharge or razor-sharp broadhead arrow impalement occurs kilometers from the nearest paved road, survival depends entirely on immediate self-aid or buddy-aid during the first 3 to 10 minutes. This guide details the exact rescue protocols for harness suspension trauma, the MARCH tactical backcountry trauma algorithm (tourniquets, junctional wound packing, vented chest seals, and broadhead arrow stabilization), GPS coordinate extraction, and helicopter landing zone (LZ) preparation.

Two fatal mistakes in hunting trauma: pulling out an arrow and laying a suspended victim flat too fast or sitting a bleeding victim up

  1. Never pull out an embedded broadhead arrow or hunting knife in the field: Unlike a smooth target field point, a hunting broadhead carries 2 to 4 surgical-steel razor blades inside the tissue. Pulling an arrow backward slices major arteries and veins that the shaft was actively plugging (tamponading), causing immediate, uncontrollable internal exsanguination. Leave it in place and stabilize it with bulky padding.
  2. Prevent orthostatic suspension trauma immediately: If you fall from a tree stand and are hanging in your full-body harness, you must deploy your suspension relief strap and pump your legs continuously against the tree trunk; hanging with relaxed, dangling legs allows tight leg straps to trap up to 60 percent of your blood volume in your lower limbs, leading to unconsciousness and cardiac arrest in under 30 minutes.

Mahia tenei inaianei

  1. Make sure scene safety and unload all firearms or crossbows first: Before touching an injured hunter or climbing down to help, engage the safety, point the muzzle in a safe direction, completely unload the chamber and magazine of every firearm or uncock any crossbow at the scene and place all weapons and open broadhead quivers at least 3 meters (10 feet) away so a panicked or spasming patient cannot trigger a second discharge.
  2. If hanging in a tree stand harness, deploy your suspension relief loop immediately: Pull the suspension relief strap (foot loop) from your harness pocket, clip or loop it at knee height, step into the loop, and stand up or pump your calf and thigh muscles every 5 to 10 seconds to drive venous blood back to your heart while you either climb back onto the platform, cut yourself down onto a ladder rung, or blow your rescue whistle and call for help.
  3. Stop massive arterial bleeding within 60 seconds (M in MARCH):
  4. Limb gunshot or broadhead wound (thigh, calf, arm): Apply a CoTCCC windlass tourniquet (CAT or SOFTT-W) 5 to 8 centimeters (2 to 3 inches) above the wound (or "high and tight" over hunting clothes if the exact wound site is hidden), crank the windlass until all bright red bleeding stops, and write the time on the strap; see te kaha o te toto me te toroni.
  5. Neck, armpit, or groin (junctional) wound: Immediately pack the wound cavity tightly with z-fold hemostatic gauze (or clean cotton cloth) pushed straight down onto the bleeding artery with your fingers, then hold firm two-handed direct pressure for 3 to 10 minutes.
  6. Stabilize impaled broadhead arrows or branches in place: Never remove an impaled arrow, bolt, or tree branch. If an arrow shaft protruding from a thigh, arm, or chest is too long to evacuate safely without snagging brush and levering the razor blades inside the body, carefully stabilize the shaft with two hands and use heavy wire cutters or a multi-tool saw to shorten the carbon/aluminum shaft 10 to 15 centimeters (4 to 6 inches) outside the skin without vibrating the broadhead, then tape bulky foam pads or rolled socks around the base. See impalement and embedded foreign object stabilization.
  7. Seal open chest wounds immediately (A and R in MARCH): If a gunshot, arrow, or broken rib from a tree stand fall creates an open chest wound (or both an entry and exit wound on the torso), wipe away blood and apply a vented chest seal (or a 3-sided taped plastic square) over both the entry and exit wounds on exhalation to prevent a fatal tension pneumothorax. See tension pneumothorax and sucking chest wound first aid.
  8. Protect the spine, prevent hypothermia, and transmit exact GPS coordinates: Keep any hunter who fell from a tree stand flat and still on an insulated foam pad wrapped in dry jackets and a mylar blanket. Call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom; see all tau ohorere) or trigger your satellite SOS beacon, and read your exact decimal-degree GPS coordinates from your phone compass/mapping app (OnX Hunt, Garmin, Apple/Google Maps) to dispatch.

Master Hunting & Backcountry Trauma Decision Tree

flowchart TD
    Incident["Backcountry Hunting Emergency"] --> Type{"Identify Primary Mechanism of Injury"}

    Type -->|"1. Tree Stand Fall: Hanging in Harness"| Susp["SUSPENSION TRAUMA SELF-RESCUE PROTOCOL<br/>1. Blow whistle / Trigger SOS / Call 911 immediately<br/>2. Unpack Suspension Relief Strap & step into foot loop<br/>3. Pump legs rhythmically against tree trunk every 10 sec<br/>4. Climb back onto steps/platform or use controlled descent"]

    Type -->|"2. Tree Stand Fall: Hit the Ground"| FallGround["HIGH-ENERGY BLUNT TRAUMA & SPINAL PROTOCOL<br/>Assume unstable cervical/lumbar spine & pelvic fracture<br/>Keep patient strictly flat on insulated pad<br/>Wrap jacket tightly around greater trochanters (hips)<br/>Check for internal bleeding, pneumothorax & head injury"]

    Type -->|"3. Accidental Gunshot Wound (GSW)"| GSW["MARCH PENETRATING TRAUMA PROTOCOL<br/>1. Unload all firearms at scene immediately<br/>2. M: Windlass Tourniquet on limbs; Pack groin/neck wounds<br/>3. A/R: Check both FRONT and BACK for entry + exit wounds;<br/>apply vented chest seals to all torso holes between neck & navel<br/>4. C/H: Treat shock & wrap in hypothermia enclosure"]

    Type -->|"4. Broadhead Arrow / Crossbow Bolt Impalement"| Arrow["BROADHEAD IMPALEMENT PROTOCOL<br/>NEVER pull arrow out backward or push it through<br/>Expose wound by cutting clothing around shaft<br/>Apply firm direct pressure alongside shaft base<br/>Build bulky doughnut/log-cabin pad around shaft & tape fast"]

    Susp --> Evac["REMOTE EVACUATION & HELICOPTER LZ COORDINATION<br/>Transmit Decimal-Degree GPS (e.g., 44.12345, -110.12345)<br/>Mark trail turnoffs with blaze-orange vests/ribbon<br/>Prepare 30 m x 30 m (100 ft x 100 ft) Helicopter Landing Zone"]
    FallGround --> Evac
    GSW --> Evac
    Arrow --> Evac

Mechanism Comparison Matrix: Tree Stand Falls vs. Ballistic vs. Broadhead Trauma

Trauma Mechanism Primary Pathophysiology & Hidden Lethal Risks Time to Critical Deterioration Immediate Field Stabilization Critical Contraindication (What NOT to Do)
Harness Suspension After Tree Stand Fall Leg straps compress femoral veins while motionless legs pool 50 to 60% of blood volume; causes cerebral hypoxia, vagal bradycardia, and cardiac arrest 10 to 30 minutes if legs hang motionless without a foot relief loop Haere tonu ki roto i te taawhi whakatārewatanga; papua nga waewae ki te rakau; raro te patunga ki te whenua, ka huri haere mai i te noho ki te takoto Kaua rawa e iri noa me nga waewae ngawari; kia tere te tapahi, te wetewete ranei o te kai whakaora ki runga i te arawhata
Panga Whenua-Hinga Kore mai i te Turanga Rakau (4.5 ki te 7.5 m / 15 ki te 25 ft) Nga whati o te uta axial calcanei (rekereke), tibial plateaus, ** pelvic ring** and L1/T12 vertebrae; ko te whakaheke tere ka kutikuti i te aorta o te kopu, te ate ranei 15 ki te 60 meneti mai i roto i te retroperitoneal, intrathoracic hemorrhage ranei Ko te katoa o te immobilization i runga i te papa kiriweti; Kaihere pelvic huri noa i nga kaitoro nui; te hiri o te uma ka werohia ki te peka Kaua rawa e tu, e haereere ranei i te kaiwhaiwhai ki waho kua mamae te tuara, te kaki, te hope ranei i muri i te takahanga mai i te turanga
Raiwhara Tere-Teitei, Slug Pupu Pupu GSW ranei Te wahi kuru tuturu me te nui ngaru ngaru cavitation rangitahi mo te wai (10x te diameter matā) ka whatiwhati i nga wheua ka tihorea nga arai/whare tata. 2 ki te 4 meneti (whae/brachial artery); 10 ki te 20 meneti (te ahotea pneumothorax) Touriuri mataahi i runga i nga peka; te tarapi hemostatic i roto i nga rohe honohono; Tirohia te tuara/te taha mo te nui atu o te patunga puta ka hiritia nga rua o te uma Kaua e wareware ki te huri/tirohia te tuara o te tūroro mo te patunga i puta; he maha nga wa ka huna e te kohao urunga he nui te toto o muri
Shotgun Birdshot / Buckshot i te Awhe Kati E hia rau pire e hanga ana i te koha o te kopa, he kopa me te kopa kirihou kua mau ki roto, he kongakonga kakahu, me te rewharewha o te toto. 3 ki te 15 meneti kei runga i te tawhiti me te urunga o nga waka Ko te hikoi hikoi tata mo nga pito; tarapi hemostatic nui + whakakakahu pehanga rapa; hiri pouaka occlusive mo te rama Kaua e moumou taima ki te kohi i te mata takitahi, i nga pire rino ranei i te mara
Pere Unui, Pouaka Whakawhiti ranei 2 ki te 4 heu pokarekare ka hanga i nga werohanga stellate hohonu me te kore ohorere o te wai; ka mahi te kaaka hei mono whakaroto o roto Hekona mena ka unuhia; ka noho pumau mo nga haora ki te kore e nekehia ma te waahi Waiho kia mau; Pokia ka pehia a tawhio noa te take o te take; papa me nga pukapuka ritua-waahi / pahuka; āta kuti i te roanga o te rakau ina hiahiatia mo te kawe KAUA KAUA e toia te mahunga whanui ki muri ka pana whakamua ranei ma roto i te peka (ka whanui ake nga mata miihini ina toia whakamuri)

Te ora i te hinganga o te rakau: Harness Suspension Trauma & Ground Impact

1. Te Tikanga Ahu o te Harness Suspension Trauma (Orthostatic Intolerance)

Ko nga paerewa hopu manu o naianei me mau he Full-Body Fall Arrest System (Full-Body Fall Arrest System (FAS / TMA-certified harness) kua herea ki te rakau mai i te wa e wehe atu ai o waewae ki te whenua ma te whitiki o te raina, te raina ora ranei. Heoi, ko te hopu i to taka i roto i te whitiki he haurua noa o te pakanga: - He aha te "Venous Muscle Pump" i Rahua i waenganui-Air: Ko te tikanga, ka tu koe i runga i te whenua, ko nga uauatanga o to kuao kau me nga uaua huha ka pehia nga uaua hohonu, ka pana atu te toto deoxygenated ki runga ma roto i nga reera kotahi-ara kia hoki ki to atrium matau. Ka iri koe i waenganui-rangi i muri i te tiango o te tu rakau, ka kumea e te kaha te toto ki roto i ou waewae i te wa e peehia ana e te here o te te here waewae o te hiku nga uaua wahine i roto i to riu ka aukati i te hokinga mai o te uaua ki te ngakau. - Te Tatau Maama 15-Minute: I roto i te 5 ki te 15 meneti o te iri kore neke, tae atu ki te 60 ōrau o te rōrahi toto tohanga ka mau ki roto i ō pito o raro. Ka paheke te putanga o te ngakau, ka paheke te toto, ka paheke te roro i te vasovagal reflex (te Bezold-Jarisch reflex) e whakaroa ana i te tere o te ngakau, ka ngaro ohorere te mahara. Ka kore e mohio i roto i te whitiki poutū, ka heke te mahunga o te kaiwhaiwhai ki mua (ka whakararu i te huarahi hau) ka mau te ngakau hypoxic mate i roto 15 ki te 30 meneti.

2. Te Whakaoranga Whaiaro Taahi-a-Taahi I Te Iri I Roto I Te Rakau Tu Rakau

Me kawe e nga kaiwhaiwhai kia toru nga mea kei roto i te pouaka o waho, i te pute taha ranei e waatea tonu ana ** i te wa e iri ana i raro i te taumahatanga** (kaua rawa i roto i te pute tarau kutui ka kowhakina ki raro i te here waewae kiki): he Tau Tae Whakatarewa he naipi kopa taimaha, kaitapahi here ranei me te peawhiowhiowhiowhiowhiowhiowhio / waea pukoro. 1. Awhi me te Puma Inamata: Ina mutu to hinganga, panahia o putu ki te katua o te rakau ka whakahekehia o uaua waewae kia kore ai te toto e poka. 2. Tohaina te Taakaha Whakatarewa: Toia te here kaiawhina kua kopikopiko mai i to whitiki, whakapiri atu ki te kowiri here i te taumata o te hope, whakatikahia te poupou o te waewae kia tarewa paku ki runga ake i ou rekereke, honoa nga putu e rua ki roto i te porowhita, ka tu tika ki runga i te koru. Ma te tu ki te kopae waewae, ka whakawhitia to taumaha tinana mai i ou here ki runga i nga kapu o ou waewae, ka whakahoki i te 100 paiheneti o te rere o te toto uaua o te wahine, me te whakahoki i nga papua uaua o ou waewae, ka hoko haora mo te wa haumaru. 3. Taupiri Whakapaipai (Mena kua ngaro to here awhina): Mena karekau he here awhina, tangohia to ** whitiki piki o te tangata raina, taura here hata, here here karu ranei** herea, whakahurihia ranei huri noa i te katua rakau, ki roto ranei i to here here ki te teitei o te turi, ka takahia tetahi waewae ki roto i te riu hei tango i te pehanga. 4. Whakaora ki runga i te Tu, Whakahekea ranei: I a koe e tu ana i roto i te kohanga awhina, awhi i te katua rakau kia wetewete i to herenga o muri, pahekehia te here here rakau ki raro 30 henimita (12 inihi) i ia wa ki te inihi ki raro ki te rakau piki, te arawhata ranei, piu atu ranei ki runga i te turanga. 5. Te Whakaoranga i muri i te Whakaoranga I muri i te Whakatarewa Roa: Kia tukua iho ki te whenua te kaihopu kua roa e iri ana i roto i te whitiki mo te neke atu i te 15 meneti: - Ki te kore e mohio, ka hopukina ranei e te ngakau: Whakatakotoria kia takoto tonu, whakapuare i te huarahi hau, ka timata CPR. - Mena kei te mohio me te mataara: Ko te Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) me nga aratohu whakaora mahi e tohutohu ana ki te whakawhiti i te manawanui mohio, me te ata tirotiro i te huarahi rererangi me nga tohu whakahirahira, me te wetewete i nga here katoa, me te whakamahana i a ratou i te wa e wehe atu ana ki te tari ohorere ki te tirotiro mo te **rhabdomyolysis rite te kuru me te pakarutanga o te hukahuka me te pāhare pāporo.

The Backcountry MARCH Algorithm for Gunshot and Broadhead Trauma

Ki te whara te kaiwhai i te raiwhara whai mana nui, te pu mapere, te muzzleloader, te kopere puhuihui ranei, te kopere/whakawhitiwhiti, whai i te raupapatanga MARCH (Mhe whakaheke toto, Airway, Rrespiration, Circulation, Hypothermia/Upoko):

1. M, Pahekeheke Nui (60 Hekona Tuatahi)

  • Tourniquet Placement for Extremity Wounds: Kaua e moumou hekona utu nui ki te tapahi i nga paparanga e toru o nga parapara whakangau kua whakamatao kia kite i te kowhaotanga o nga uaua o te wahine mena ka rere te toto ki raro i te waewae tarau. Whakanohoia he CoTCCC windlass tourniquet (CAT or SOFTT-W) "high and tight" ki runga rawa o te huha, o runga ringa ranei ki runga i nga kakahu maeneene (kia mohio kaore he waea pukoro, maripi, pouaka ammo ranei i roto i te pute i raro i te roopu), toia te roopu piri-whaiaro kia piri tonu ki te tangata, ka wiriwiri i te rakau awhi kia mutu te toto whero kanapa. Kia u te ahua, whakakitea te patunga, a, ki te hiahiatia, tuuhia he torotika tuarua ki runga i te kiri 5 ki te 8 henimita (2 ki te 3 inihi) ki runga ake i te patunga i mua i te wetewete i te here teitei me te piri.
  • Tautaki Whakangau Whakangau Whakamuri Whakahou: Ki te kore koe e mau i tetahi taarua arumoni, whakamahia he 5-henimita (2-inihi) te whanui o te kotaha raiwhara, te here karu, te takai koti karaka karaka ranei kua takai ki runga ake o te patunga ka whiria ki te ** raka whakarewa, te rakau horoi, te rakau maro ranei.** Kaua rawa e whakamahi i te paracord angiangi, i te bootlace anake karekau he whitiki papanga whanui kei raro, i te mea ka tapahia e te taura angiangi te kiri me te kore e purua te uaua o te wahine.
  • Te Taapaki Whara mo te Maehe, Reke, Axilla, Neck ranei: Ki te motuhia e te matā, te mahunga whaanui ranei tetahi oko i roto i te riu o te riu (inguinal junction), te kaokao, te take ranei o te kaki, takai he maihao ki te hemostatic gauze (QuikClot Combat Gauze, Celox ranei) ka horoi ranei i te t-hate kia mau ki te miro ki roto i te tiihi me te ** te raro o te rua o te patunga** tae noa ki te kapi ki runga ake i te taumata o te kiri, katahi ka piko ki raro me nga ringa e rua mo 3 ki te 5 meneti katoa (hemostatic) 10 meneti ranei (waakawa noa).

2. Kawa Motuhake: Ko te Pere Broadhead me te Crossbow Bolt Ipalements

Ko nga pere whakangau o naianei me nga raka kopere kua tohua ki te mata-mau, miihini ranei (whakawhanui) whanui i hangaia hei whakanui ake i te whakaheke toto ma te 2, 3, e 4 ranei nga mata heu o te karaehe haumanu e roa ana 2.5 ki te 6 henimita (1 ki te 2.5 inihi) te tapahi diameter: 1. He aha te mea e mate ai te Toia i te Ui Whanui: Kei roto i te tinana, kei te pehi te kakau pere waro me nga matatahi ki nga pakitara tapatapahi o nga uaua me nga uaua (tamponade roto). Ano hoki, he mata whaanui te anga ki muri e tuwhera ana ano he hamarara ina toia whakamuri ka huri nga upoko aunui-mau i te mea ka piko te tuara ngawari o te pere. Ko te toia o te pere ki waho o te ngahere ka poroa nga nerves mau tonu, nga uaua, me nga uaua nui e tuwhera whanui ana. 2. Me pehea te Whakapumau i te Pere kua werohia ki te mara: - Tapahia nga koti me nga koti ** huri noa** i te rakau pere me te kutikuti whara, te maripi ranei kia kore ai e kumea te kakahu ki te rakau. - Mena kei te rere te toto ki te taha o te waahi urunga pere, pehia kia mau nga papa kaini ki runga i te kiri te taha te take o te kakau me te kore e titaha, e wirihia ranei te pere. - Hangaia he cabin-cabin or donut bolster huri noa i te pere tae atu ki te 8 ki te 10 henimita te teitei (3 ki te 4 inihi) ma te whakamahi i nga tokena kua whakatakahia, nga potae huruhuru e kore e pai, nga takai pahukawe, nga roera karaera nui ranei, me te whakapiri i te papaa ki te tinana kia kore e taea e te pere te pirori i te wa e kawe ana te paru. 3. Ahea me pehea te Whakapoto i te Rakau Pere: Ki te puta mai he rakau pere 75-henemita (30-inihi) ki waho o te huha o te kaipahua, o te uma ranei i roto i te paraihe matotoru, ka whiua e ia manga rakau te pito o te huruhuru me te whakangao i te heu whanui i roto i nga whekau o te turoro. - Tonoa tetahi hoa ki te pupuri i te rakau pere ki roto i te puri-rite-rite ki te taha tata tonu ki te waahi urunga kiri me nga ringa e rua (kia rawhihia ranei ki te kumau raka) kia 100 paiheneti o te wiri. - Whakamahia nga kaitapa waea taimaha, he kaitapao ngongo hurihuri, he kani-niho-maha ranei ki te tapahi i te waro kowhao, te rakau konumohe ranei 10 ki te 15 henemita (4 ki te 6 inihi) kei runga ake i te kiri. Takaia he riipene riipene ki runga i te pito waro-wao kua taraihia kia kore ai e whara nga kaiwhakaora i nga mahanga waro koi.

3. A & R, Rererangi me te Respiration (Te Ture Taonga Whakauru me te Puta)

Ko nga matā raiwhara tere-tere (.270, .308, .30-06, 6.5 Creedmoor) tata tonu ka puta katoa ki roto i te tinana o te tangata, ka hanga he maru urunga pakupaku kei mua me te nui rawa atu, he tawhetawhe maea putaatu kei muri, i te taha taha ranei. - Tirohia te "Pouaka" (Kai ki te Puu, Mua, Taha, me te Whakamuri): Horoia o ringaringa ki roto i te koti o te kaiwhaiwhai puta noa i te taha o mua, i nga papa, i muri. - Hoatuhia nga Keri Uu Pua: Ko nga patunga kuhu i waenga i nga iwi kaokao me te pito (mua, muri ranei) ka hinga te huhu (pneumothorax). Horoia te toto me te werawera o te kiri, ka pania he hiri pouaka arumoni kua puta ki runga i te marutanga o te urunga ME te hiri pouaka tuarua ki runga i te patunga puta i te mutunga o te manawa. Mena kei te hangai koe me te putea Ziploc kirihou taumaha, te takai paramanawa ranei, ripiripia ki raro e toru nga taha ki raro ka waiho te kokonga o raro kia kaua e pokaia kia puta te hau i roto i te pouaka kia kore e ngotea ki roto. - Kia mataara mo te Progressive Tension Pneumothorax: Ki te kaha haere te manawa o te turoro me te maru o te uma kua hirihia, ka puta nga ngutu kikorangi, ka ngaro te manawa o te ringaringa, he tino awangawanga, he uaua ranei nga uaua kaki, puuhia te hiri o te uma ma te tihorea tetahi kokonga mo te 3 ki te 5 hēkona, ka maenee te pehanga hau ki waho o te hau. hiri ki raro.

4. C & H, Te Tohanga, te Herea Pelvic, me te Aukati Hipothermia

  • Whakamutua te Trauma Triad of Death: He tangata turoro e whakaheke toto ana i te ngahere makariri o Noema ka tere te wera o te tinana. Ka heke iho te pāmahana matua ki raro 35 nga nekehanga Celsius (95 nga nekehanga Fahrenheit) ka mutu te mahi o nga pereti toto me nga mea whakakao (hypothermic coagulopathy), ka tiimata ano nga patunga ki te whakaheke toto.
  • Tukunga Ngaaahu Inamata: Ahakoa he ngawari te hau, tangohia te kaihopu whara i te paru matao, te hukarere ranei ma te paopao i te ** urunga nohoanga pahuka-katia, peketua, he moenga matotoru ranei o nga peka paina** ki raro iho. Takaia ki nga paparanga maroke, he anga karaka-a-waho, he whakamahana ringa matū ki roto i nga kee me te uma (i runga i te paparanga koti angiangi, kaua rawa ki te kiri kau), me te paraikete mokowhiti mylar mo te hau.

Te Whakakotahi i nga Rohe Whakahoutanga Whakamuri Mamao me nga Rohe Taunga Helicopter (LZ)

I te wa e waea ana ki te tuku ohorere (911 / 112 / 999) ka tuku karere ranei ma te taputapu SOS amiorangi (Garmin inReach, Zoleo, SPOT, iPhone/Android Satellite SOS ranei) mai i nga ngahere hohonu:

1. Nga korero tika hei tuku i te 30 Hekona Tuatahi

  1. Tautaki GPS Tika i roto i nga Waeine Ira, Waeine-Minutes-Hekona: Whakatuwherahia to taupānga mahere hopu (OnX Hunt, BaseMap, Gaia GPS, Garmin Explore, Apple/Google Compass ranei) ka panuihia te ahopae me te ahopou tika (hei tauira, 45.67892, -111.04567), me te ingoa o te rori poro rakau tata, te keeti i mua o te huarahi, te wai rere awa ranei.
  2. Kua Whakamahia Te Hangaia me nga Wawaonga Aromatawai: Maamaa te kii "Te hopu i te maru o te pu ki te huha matau me te hikoi hau i te 07:40 AM" ranei "6 mita (20-waewae) te tu rakau ka hinga me te pararutiki tuara." Me tono motuhake mo te tuku helicopter hauora hau (Medevac) me te tima Rapu (Medevac)** me te tiima Rapu ki te 3 ** SAR. E 60 meneti te wehe i nga wa whakautu i nga taiwhenua na te mea kaore e taea e nga kaihopu waka turoro taiwhenua te kawe i te kaihopu 100 kirokaramu 3 kiromita ma te rakau anake.
  3. ** Tohua nga Huinga Huarahi katoa me te Blaze Orange**: Mena kei te watea mai he hoa tuarua, whakairihia ** he kakahu hopu karaka, he riipene haki a te kairuri, he rama rama ranei** ki te keeti rori matua me nga marau katoa o te huarahi e arai atu ana ki te manawanui kia rere tika ai nga kaiakiaki me nga paramedic ki te waahi kaore e ngaro.

2. Me pehea te Whakaritea i te Rohe Taunga Helicopter Ohotata (LZ) ki te Ngahere

Mena kei te uru mai he waka topatopa hauora, SAR ranei ki te whakawātea ngahere, ki te wiwi, ki te huarahi poro rakau whanui ranei: - Ngā Ahu Ūkui Iti: - LZ awatea: Neke atu i te 25 ki te 25 mita (75 ki te 75 putu) me te pai ake ** 30 ki te 30 mita (100 ki te 100 putu)** mo nga waka topatopa nui ake, he tino maamaa i nga rakau, he tumu te teitei ake i te 45 henimita (18 inihi), me nga raina hiko o runga. - LZ po: Neke atu 45 ki te 45 mita (150 ki te 150 putu). - Paepapa Whenua: Me pakari te waahi pa ki raro (kaore he paru repo hohonu, he hukapapa angiangi ranei o te roto hukapapa) me te hekenga iti iho i te 8 ki te 10 nga nekehanga (na te pikinga teitei ake i te 10 nga nekehanga ka pa atu nga matatahi rotor matua ki te taha pukepuke o runga). - Whakapaia Nga Taonga Wewete Katoa ki te 130 km/h (80 mph) Horoi Rotor: I mua i te taenga mai o te waka topatopa, puuhia, whakataimahatia ranei nga paraikete mokowhiti mylar katoa, papa pahuka, potae, me nga peeke taputapu kau. Ko te paraikete mylar ka ngotea ki roto i te rotor hiku topatopa ka puta he tukinga kino. Kia mau te takai hauhauwau o te manawanui ki te whitiki, ki te rīpene ranei ki raro, ka parea nga kanohi o te manawanui mai i nga ngira paina e rere ana me te puehu. - Whakaatuhia te Aranga o te Hau me te Kaua rawa e Whakamahia i nga Puka Maama i te Po: Tu me to tua ki te hau ki te taha whakarunga o te maara (herea ranei he riipene haki kanapa ki tetahi pou hei peera hau) na te mea ka tau tonu nga waka topatopa ka rere ki te hau. I te po, whakamahia nga karaehe matū karaehe, he morearea waka whero/amipere, he rama rama ranei e tohu ana whakararo ki te whenua i waenganui o te maara; Kaua rawa e whitia he rama ma te maramara ma, he rama whakangau ranei ki runga i te cockpit e whakangaro ana i nga mohiti tirohanga-po (NVGs) o te kaiurungi.

Rarangi Arowhai Haumaru i mua i te Hunga mo ia Kaiwhaiwhai

  • Ka mau i te TMA-Certified Full-Body Fall Arrest Harness on every Hunt: Tope ki roto i te whakaora haumaru poutū (me te Prusik knot) ranei te whitiki piki a te tangata raina i te take o te rakau i mua i te piki ki te papa tuatahi, no reira ka 100 paiheneti te hono mai i te whenua ki runga me te whenua ki raro.
  • Manatokohia To Taapiri Whakatarewa Kei te Apitihia me te Waahi: Noho i roto i to whitiki 15 henimita (6 inihi) mai i te whenua i runga i te rakau o muri i mua i te whakatuwheratanga o te ra ki te whakaharatau ki te whakamahi i te koru waewae me te kuhu ki roto i raro i te taumaha o te tinana.
  • Kaua rawa e Piki Me te Pu kua utaina, nga upoko whanui ranei e kore e hipokina: Wewetehia to pu, kopere ranei i nga wa katoa i te take o te rakau, whakapiria ki te raina toia (me te whanau e tohu whakararo ana i a koe), ka toia ki runga i muri noa iho i to herenga ki runga i te papa. Mauria nga pere aunui katoa ki roto i te papa pere maro, whai hoopu e mau ana i nga matatahi.
  • Mauhia he Kete Awhina Tuatahi (IFAK) ki runga i to Whitiki, i to Uuma ranei: Whakaohia he momo CoTCCC mo te hiko hikoi (CAT, SOFTT-W) karei hemostatic z-fold, he whakakakahu pehanga ohorere, he kete e rua o nga hiri pouaka, he paraikete mokowhiti, me te whiowhio peera i roto i to tinana, kaua e waiho ki muri.
  • Leave a Written Hunt Plan Pin in Your Mapping App: Drop a digital waypoint pin of your exact tree stand location in OnX Hunt or Google Maps and text it to a family member before dawn along with your expected check-in time.

Whakamutua te akoranga Awhina Tuatahi mo te toto me te koraha

Every hunter and backcountry archer should complete a 1-hour hands-on Stop the Bleed course and a Wilderness First Aid (WFA) certification through the Red Cross, St John Ambulance, or the National Bowhunter Education Foundation to practice one-handed self-tourniquet application and junctional wound packing before heading into the woods.

Pātai auau

How quickly can hanging in a tree stand safety harness become fatal if you do not use a suspension relief strap?

Hanging motionless in a full-body safety harness after a fall can cause unconsciousness in 5 to 15 minutes and fatal cardiac arrest in 15 to 30 minutes due to orthostatic suspension trauma. When your legs dangle passively, the tight leg straps compress your femoral veins while gravity traps up to 60 percent of your blood volume in your legs, starving your brain and heart of blood. Immediately stepping into your suspension relief foot loop and pumping your leg muscles restores venous return and allows you to survive for hours.

Why must you never pull out an impaled hunting broadhead arrow in the woods?

Unlike a smooth bullet or target tip, a hunting broadhead has 2 to 4 razor-sharp surgical steel blades (and mechanical broadheads have rear-facing blades that spring wider when pulled backward). While inside the wound, the arrow shaft physically plugs the sliced walls of blood vessels. Pulling an arrow backward slices major arteries, veins, and nerves wide open inside the limb or torso, causing immediate, uncontrollable internal bleeding. Always leave the arrow in place, pad around the base, and let trauma surgeons remove it in an operating room.

Can you apply a windlass tourniquet directly over heavy winter hunting clothes if a hunter shoots or cuts their leg?

Yes, if bright red arterial blood is pouring from a leg or arm and cutting through heavy insulated bibs will waste critical seconds, place a CoTCCC windlass tourniquet "high and tight" near the groin or armpit directly over smooth clothing (making sure pockets underneath are empty of phones, knives, or ammo) and crank the windlass until bleeding stops. Once the bleeding is controlled and the scene is safe, you can expose the wound and place a second tourniquet directly on the skin 5 to 8 centimeters (2 to 3 inches) above the injury before ever loosening the first one.

Why is it mandatory to check a gunshot victim's back and sides even if you only see one wound on the chest or belly?

High-velocity hunting rifle bullets and shotgun slugs almost always pass completely through the body, and because the bullet tumbles, mushrooms, and pushes fractured bone outward, the exit wound on the back or flank is frequently three to five times larger and bleeds far more heavily than the small entry hole on the front. Always sweep gloved hands across the patient's entire back, armpits, and buttocks, and cover both the entry and exit chest wounds with vented chest seals.

What should you do if an impaled arrow shaft is so long that you cannot carry the hunter out of thick brush?

Never wiggle or bend the arrow. Have one rescuer grip the arrow shaft firmly with both hands right against the skin (or clamp it with locking pliers) so zero vibration travels down to the broadhead blades inside the tissue. A second rescuer can then use heavy wire cutters, a tubing cutter, or a multi-tool saw to cut the hollow carbon or aluminum shaft 10 to 15 centimeters (4 to 6 inches) above the skin, cover the jagged cut carbon end with duct tape, and build a bulky taped foam pad around the stub.

Kua tirohia nga puna

  • Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC) and American College of Surgeons (Stop the Bleed, United States): Tactical Field Care Guidelines for Extremity Tourniquets, Junctional Hemorrhage Packing, and Vented Chest Seals.
  • Wilderness Medical Society (WMS): Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Suspension Trauma (Harness Hang Syndrome), Spine Immobilization, and Backcountry Hemorrhage.
  • Treestand Manufacturers Association (TMA) and International Hunter Education Association (IHEA-USA): Full-Body Fall Arrest System (FAS) Standards, Lifeline Usage, and Suspension Relief Protocols.
  • National Bowhunter Education Foundation (NBEF): Broadhead Penetrating Trauma Prevention and Field Stabilization Guidelines.
  • National Association of Search and Rescue (NASAR) and International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR): Backcountry Helicopter Landing Zone (LZ) Selection and GPS Coordinate Transmission Protocols.

Nga kaiarahi e pa ana