Kugwa kw'Ibiti, Kugaruka Kwinjira Ihahamuka, no Kwimuka kure¶
Imibare yihutirwa itandukanye nigihugu. Uru rupapuro rukoresha 911, umubare kuri Amerika na Kanada. Ibindi bihugu byinshi bikoresha 112, 999, cyangwa undi mubare. Shakisha umubare wigihugu cyawe.
Hirya no hino muri Amerika ya Ruguru hamwe n’Uburayi, kugwa hejuru y’ibiti ni imwe mu mpamvu zitera guhiga ibitaro n’impfu ziterwa n’ubuhigi, bikaba birenze kure imbunda n’amasasu hamwe. Kugwa ** metero 4.5 kugeza kuri 7.5 (metero 15 kugeza kuri 25) ** uvuye aho uzamuka, kumanikwa kuri platifomu, cyangwa kuntambwe itera ihahamuka ryihuta ryihuta ryihuta ryumugongo winkondo y'umura, thoracic aorta, pelvis, na calcanei, mugihe umanitse utanyeganyega mumutekano wuzuye wumubiri udafite igitambaro cyo guhagarikwa gihitana ** kugeza kumunota ** kugeza kuri 30.
Na none, iyo impanuka itunguranye yimpanuka cyangwa urwembe rukomeye rwo kumanika imyambi ibaye kilometero uvuye kumuhanda wa kaburimbo wegereye, kubaho biterwa ahanini no kwifasha byihuse cyangwa ubufasha bwinshuti mugihe cyambere ** 3 kugeza 10. Aka gatabo karasobanura neza protocole nyayo yo gutabara ihungabana ryihungabana, ** MARCH ** tactique backcountry ihahamuka algorithm (tourniquets, gupakira ibikomere bifitanye isano, kashe yo mu gatuza, hamwe no guhagarika imyambi yagutse), gukuramo GPS guhuza, no gutegura kajugujugu (LZ).
Amakosa abiri yica muguhiga ihungabana: gukuramo umwambi no kurambika uwahohotewe wahagaritswe byihuse cyangwa kwicara uva amaraso hejuru
- ** Ntuzigere ukuramo umwambi mugari washyizwemo cyangwa icyuma cyo guhiga mu murima: ** Bitandukanye n’ahantu hagaragara neza, umurima uhiga utwara ibyuma byogosha ibyuma 2 kugeza kuri 4 imbere. Gukuramo umwambi usubira inyuma ukata imiyoboro minini n'imitsi uruzitiro rwacometse cyane (tamponading), bigatera guhita, bitagenzurwa imbere. Kurekera ahantu hamwe no kubihindura hamwe na padi nini.
- ** Irinde ihungabana rya orthostatike ako kanya: ** Niba uguye ku gihagararo cyigiti ukaba umanitse mubikoresho byawe byumubiri wose, ugomba ** ugomba gushiraho umukandara wawe woguhagarika no kuvoma amaguru ubudahwema ** kuruhande rwigiti; kumanika amaguru yoroheje, yimanitse ituma imishumi yamaguru ifata imitego igera kuri 60 ku ijana byamaraso yawe mumaguru yo hepfo, bikagutera ubwenge no gufatwa kumutima muminota 30.
Kora ubu¶
- ** Menya neza umutekano wibibanza hanyuma upakurure imbunda zose cyangwa umusaraba ubanza **: Mbere yo gukoraho umuhigi wakomeretse cyangwa kuzamuka ngo afashe, kwishora mumutekano, werekane umunwa mucyerekezo cyumutekano, ** fungura burundu icyumba nikinyamakuru cya buri mbunda cyangwa ufungure umusaraba uwo ariwo wose ** hanyuma ushireho intwaro zose hamwe nugukingura imitwe yagutse byibuze ** metero 3 (metero 10) ** kurekura ubwoba.
- ** Niba umanitse mubiti byihagararaho, koresha ako kanya umugozi wawe wo gutabara uhagaritse **: Kuramo umugozi wubutabazi wahagaritswe (ikirenge cyamaguru) ** mumufuka wigikoresho cyawe, kanda cyangwa uzunguruke hejuru yuburebure bwikivi, ukandagire mukizingo, hanyuma ** uhaguruke cyangwa usunike inyana yawe ninyama yibibero buri masegonda 5 kugeza 10 ** kugirango utware amaraso yimitsi asubire mumutima wawe, cyangwa wikebye kugirango uhaguruke uhaguruke.
- ** Hagarika kuva amaraso menshi mu masegonda 60 (M muri WERURWE) **:
- ** Imbunda y'imbunda cyangwa igikomere kinini (ikibero, inyana, ukuboko) **: Koresha amarushanwa ya ** CoTCCC yumuyaga wumuyaga (CAT cyangwa SOFTT-W) ** ** santimetero 5 kugeza kuri 8 (santimetero 2 kugeza kuri 3) ** hejuru y igikomere (cyangwa "hejuru kandi ikomeye" hejuru yimyenda yo guhiga niba ikibanza gikomeretsa cyihishe) reba kuva amaraso menshi hamwe na tourneque.
- ** Ijosi, ukuboko, cyangwa igituba (ihuriro) igikomere **: Ako kanya ** shyira umwobo wigikomere cyane hamwe na z-fold hemostatic gauze ** (cyangwa igitambaro gisukuye ipamba) usunikishije hasi kuri arteri yamaraso ukoresheje intoki zawe, hanyuma ufate igitutu gikomeye cyamaboko abiri kuminota ** kugeza kuminota ** **.
- ** Hindura imyambi yagutse yimyambi cyangwa amashami ahantu **: Ntuzigere ukuraho umwambi wamanitswe, bolt, cyangwa ishami ryibiti. Niba igiti cy'umwambi kiva mu kibero, ku kuboko, cyangwa mu gituza ni kirekire cyane ku buryo kidashobora kwimuka neza nta guswera no gukata icyuma cyogosha imbere mu mubiri, komeza witonze uruzitiro ukoresheje amaboko abiri hanyuma ukoreshe icyuma kiremereye cyangwa ibikoresho byinshi byabonye kugirango ** bigabanye uruziga rwa karubone / aluminiyumu kugeza kuri santimetero 4 kugeza kuri santimetero 4 zuzuye. Reba kumanikwa no gushiramo ibintu byamahanga byo gutuza.
- ** Funga ibikomere byo mu gatuza ako kanya (A na R muri WERURWE) **: Niba isasu, umwambi, cyangwa imbavu yavunitse bivuye ku gihagararo cy’igiti bitera igikomere cyo mu gatuza (cyangwa igikomere cya ** cyinjira kandi gisohoka ** ku musego), uhanagura amaraso hanyuma ushyireho kashe ya ** yerekana igituza ** (cyangwa ikibanza cya plastike gifatanye impande 3) hejuru ya ** ibibyimba byinjira no gusohoka. Reba tension pneumothorax no kwonka igikomere igikomere ubufasha bwambere.
- ** Rinda urutirigongo, wirinde hypothermia, kandi wohereze imirongo ya GPS neza **: Komeza umuhigi uwo ari we wese waguye ku giti ahagarare neza kandi agikomeza ku gipangu cyiziritse gifunze amakoti yumye hamwe nigitambaro cya mylar. Hamagara nimero yawe yihutirwa (911 muri Amerika na Kanada, 112 mu bihugu by’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza; reba byose nimero yihutirwaýa
Guhiga Umwigisha & Backcountry Ihahamuka Igiti¶
flowchart TD
Incident["Guhiga Ibihe byihutirwa"] --> Type{"Menya uburyo bwibanze bwo gukomeretsa"}
Type -->|"1. Igiti gihagarara kugwa: Kumanika muri Harness"| Susp["SUSPENSION TRAUMA YIKWIYE-GUKIZA PROTOKO <br/> 1. Hisha ifirimbi / Trigger SOS / Hamagara 911 ako kanya <br/> 2. Kuramo ihagarikwa ry'ubutabazi bwo guhagarika & intambwe mu kirenge <br/> 3. Kuvoma amaguru mu buryo bwitondewe hejuru yigiti buri masegonda 10 <br/> 4. Subira inyuma kuntambwe / urubuga cyangwa ukoreshe kumanuka"]
Type -->|"2. Igiti gihagarara kugwa: Kanda hasi"| FallGround["HIGH-ENERGY BLUNT TRAUMA & PROTOCOL SPINAL <br/> Dufate ko inkondo y'umura itajegajega / lumbar spine & pelvic ivunika"]
Type -->|"3. Gukomeretsa imbunda bitunguranye (GSW)"| GSW["WERURWE PENETRATING TRAUMA PROTOCOL <br/> 1. Kuramo imbunda zose aho uri ako kanya <br/> 2. M: Irushanwa rya Windlass Tourniquet kumaguru; Gupakira igikomere / ijosi <br/> 3. A / R: Reba byombi imbere na INYUMA kugirango winjire + ibikomere byo gusohoka; C / H: Kuvura ihungabana & gupfunyika muri hypothermia"]
Type -->|"4. Broadhead Arrow / Kwambukiranya Bolt"| Arrow["PROTOKOL YO GUSHYIRA MU BIKORWA <br/> NTUKIGERE ukurura umwambi inyuma cyangwa ngo uyisunike muri <br/> Garagaza igikomere ukata imyenda izengurutse uruzitiro"]
Susp --> Evac["KWIBUKA EVACUATION & HELICOPTER LZ IHURIRO <br/> Kohereza Impamyabumenyi-Impamyabumenyi ya GPS (urugero, 44.12345, -110.12345)"]
FallGround --> Evac
GSW --> Evac
Arrow --> Evac
Kugereranya Matrix: Kugereranya Ibiti Kugwa na Ballistic na Broadhead Trauma¶
| Inzira yo guhahamuka | Ibanze rya Pathophysiologiya & Ingaruka Zihishe Zica | Igihe cyo Kwangirika | Guhagarika umurima ako kanya | Kwivuguruza gukomeye (Ibyo NTIBIKORA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ** Harness Guhagarika Nyuma Yigiti Cyaguye ** | Imishumi yamaguru igabanya imitsi yumugore mugihe amaguru atanyeganyega pisine ** 50 kugeza 60% yubunini bwamaraso **; itera hypoxia cerebral, vagal bradycardia, no gufatwa k'umutima | ** Iminota 10 kugeza 30 ** niba amaguru amanitse nta kugenda | Injira muri ** igitambara cyo guhagarika ** ako kanya; kuvoma amaguru hejuru yigiti; hasi uwahohotewe kubutaka ninzibacyuho buhoro buhoro kuva kwicara kuri supine | ** Ntukigere umanika gusa n'amaguru yoroshye **; menya neza ko abatabazi baca cyangwa bakuramo uwahohotewe kumanuka kurwego rwihuse |
| ** Ingaruka Yubusa-Kugwa Kubituruka kubiti ** (** 4.5 kugeza 7.5 m / 15 kugeza 25 ft **) | Imvune ya Axial yamenetse calcanei (inkweto), tibial plateaus, impeta ya pelvic ** na ** L1 / T12 vertebrae **; kwihuta gukata thoracic aorta cyangwa spleen / umwijima | ** Iminota 15 kugeza kuri 60 ** kuva retroperitoneal y'imbere cyangwa kuva amaraso ava muri intrathoracic | Ubudahangarwa bwuzuye bwumugongo kuri padi; ** pelvic binder ** ikikije trocanters nini; Ikimenyetso cyo mu gatuza niba kimanitswe ku ishami | ** Ntuzigere uhagarara cyangwa ngo ugende umuhigi hanze ** ufite umugongo, ijosi, cyangwa ikibuno nyuma yo kugwa ahagarara |
| ** Imbunda Yumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa Shotgun Slug GSW ** | Inzira ihoraho yamashanyarazi hiyongereyeho hydrostatike nini ya hydrostatike yigihe gito ya cavitation ** (diameter 10x yamasasu) isenya amagufwa kandi igatemagura imitsi / amara. | ** Iminota 2 kugeza kuri 4 ** (imiyoboro y'umugore / brachial); ** Iminota 10 kugeza kuri 20 ** (tension pneumothorax) | ** Windlass tourniquet ** kumaguru; gupakira hemostatike muri zone ihuza; ** reba inyuma / impande kugirango igikomere kinini gisohoke ** hanyuma ushireho umwobo wibituza byombi | ** Ntuzigere wibagirwa kuzunguruka / kugenzura umugongo wumurwayi ** igikomere cyo gusohoka; umwobo muto winjira akenshi uhisha inyuma yinyuma nini yo gusohoka |
| ** Shotgun Birdshot / Buckshot kuri Range Range ** | Pelletes amajana n'amajana zirema inenge zifunitse, zometseho uduce twa plastike yashizwemo, ibice by'imyenda, hamwe no gukwirakwiza imitsi y'amaraso. | ** Iminota 3 kugeza kuri 15 ** bitewe nintera nubwato bwabigizemo uruhare | Ikirahuri cyegeranye cyumuyaga kumpera; gupakira cyane hemostatike + kwambara byoroshye; Ikimenyetso cyo mu gatuza kidasanzwe | ** Ntuzigere utakaza umwanya wo gutoranya isasu cyangwa ibyuma bya pellet ** kumurima |
| ** Broadhead Arrow cyangwa Crossbow Bolt ** | ** Urwembe rwo kubaga 2 kugeza 4 ** rutera isuku, yimbitse ya stellate hamwe na zeru hydrostatike; ** shaft ikora nk'imitsi y'imbere y'imbere ** | ** Amasegonda niba yakuweho **; gihamye kumasaha niba adahagaritswe neza ahantu | Kureka gushiramo; ** gupakira hanyuma ukande hafi ya shaft **; ipadiri ifite ibice byinshi bigabanijwe-gauze / ifuro; gabanya uburebure burenze urugero niba bikenewe kugirango ubwikorezi | ** NTUKIGERE ukurura umugongo inyuma ** cyangwa ngo usunike imbere unyuze mu gihimba (ibyuma bya mashini byohereza mugari iyo bikuwe inyuma) |
Kurokoka Igiti Guhagarara Kugwa: Harness Guhagarika Ihahamuka & Ingaruka¶
1. Physiology ya Harness Guhagarika Ihahamuka (Orthostatic Intolerance)¶
Ibipimo bigezweho byo guhiga bisaba kwambara ** Sisitemu Yuzuye Yumubiri Yuzuye (FAS / TMA yemewe) ** ihambiriye ku giti uhereye igihe ibirenge byawe biva hasi ukoresheje umukandara wa lineman cyangwa umurongo wubuzima. Ariko, gufata kugwa kwawe ni kimwe cya kabiri cyintambara: - ** Impamvu "Pompe Muscle Pompe" inanirwa mu kirere cyo hagati **: Mubisanzwe, iyo uhagaze hasi, kugabanuka kwinyana yawe ninyama yibibero byanyunyuza imitsi yimbitse hanyuma bigasunika amaraso ya dexygene hejuru hejuru binyuze mumibande imwe igaruka kuri atrium yawe iburyo. Iyo umanitse uhagaritswe mu kirere hagati nyuma yuko igiti gisenyutse, uburemere bukurura amaraso mumaguru mugihe urubuga rukomeye rwimigozi ya ** harness ruhagarika imitsi yigitsina gore mumatako yawe ** ikabuza gusubira mumutima. - ** Iminota 15 yo Kubara **: Muri ** iminota 5 kugeza kuri 15 ** yo kumanika utanyeganyega, kugeza kuri ** 60 ku ijana byamaraso yawe azenguruka ** ahinduka umutego wo hasi. Indwara z'umutima ziragabanuka, umuvuduko w'amaraso uragwa, kandi ubwonko butera paradoxical ** vasovagal reflex (Bezold-Jarisch reflex) ** itinda umuvuduko wumutima, bigatera guta ubwenge gitunguranye. Iyo umuntu atazi ubwenge mu gihagararo gihagaritse, umutwe w’umuhigi uratembera imbere (kubangamira inzira yo guhumeka) kandi gufatwa n’umutima byica hypoxic bikurikira mu minota ** 15 kugeza 30 **.
2. Intambwe ku yindi Kwikiza Iyo umanitse mu giti gihagarara¶
Umuhigi wese agomba gutwara ibintu bitatu mumasanduku yo hanze cyangwa mumufuka wuruhande bikomeza kugerwaho ** mugihe umanitse munsi yubusa ** (ntanarimwe mumufuka w ipantaro wipantaro wapanze munsi yumukandara ukuguru): a ** Igikoresho cyo gutabara gihagarikwa ** a ** icyuma kiremereye cyiziritse cyangwa icyuma gikata ** hamwe nifirimbi ya ** idafite ifu / terefone ngendanwa / icyogajuru SOS beacon **. 1. ** Kenyera na pompe Ako kanya **: Ako kanya kugwa kwawe guhagarara, kanda inkweto zawe hejuru yigiti hanyuma ** uhindure imitsi yamaguru yawe mu buryo bwitondewe ** kugirango amaraso adashobora guhurira. 2. ** Shyira kumugozi wubutabazi bwahagaritswe **: Kuramo umugozi wubutabazi ushyizwe mubikoresho byawe, uyihambire kumuzingo wa harness kurwego rwo mu kibuno, uhindure ikirenge kugirango umanike gato hejuru yamaguru yawe, ufate inkweto zombi muri stirupure, hanyuma ** uhagarare neza mumuzinga **. Guhagarara mukirenge cyawe bimura uburemere bwumubiri wawe kumatako yawe, ukagarura 100 kwijana ryamaraso yimitsi yumugore, kandi ukagira pompe yimitsi yamaguru, ukagura amasaha ** yumwanya wo kubaho neza. 3. ** Improvised Loop Loop (Niba Wabuze Ikibaho Cyubutabazi) **: Niba udafite umukandara wubutabazi, fata umukandara wawe wo kuzamuka wa ** lineman, umugozi wo gukurura impongo, cyangwa umugozi wa binocular umukandara ** uhambire cyangwa uzunguruke uzenguruke hejuru yigiti cyangwa mumutwe wawe uhambiriye uburebure bwikivi. 4. ** Ongera uhagarare cyangwa umanuke **: Mugihe uhagaze mumurongo wubutabazi, guhobera igiti cyigiti kugirango uremere umugongo wawe, shyira igiti uhambiriye kumanura munsi ya santimetero 30 (santimetero 12) icyarimwe kugirango umanuke kugeza ku nkoni izamuka cyangwa urwego, cyangwa usubire kuri platifomu. 5. ** Umwanya wanyuma wabatabazi nyuma yo guhagarikwa igihe kirekire **: Iyo umuhigi amaze kumara iminota irenga 15 yimanitse mu cyuma amanurwa hasi: - ** Niba nta ubwenge cyangwa mu gufatwa k'umutima **: Shyira hasi (supine) ako kanya, fungura inzira, hanyuma utangire CPR. - ** Niba ubyitondeye kandi ubyitondeye **: Ibigezweho ** Sosiyete yubuvuzi yo mu butayu (WMS) ** hamwe n’amabwiriza yo gutabara mu kazi atanga inama yo kwimura umurwayi witonze, kugenzura inzira zabo hamwe n’ibimenyetso by’ingenzi, guhita urekura imishumi yose y’ibikoresho, hanyuma ukabishyushya mu gihe wimukiye mu ishami ryihutirwa kugira ngo usuzume ** uburozi bumeze nka rhabdomyolysis na hyperkalemia ** (amaguru yangiza imitsi).
Backcountry WERURWE Algorithm yo kurasa no guhahamuka¶
Iyo imbunda yo guhiga ifite imbaraga nyinshi, imbunda, muzzleloader, cyangwa umuheto wuzuye / umusaraba ukomeretsa umuhigi mu biti bya kure, kurikiza amayeri ya ** WERURWE ** (** M ** assive hemorhage, ** A ** irway, ** R ** espiration, ** C ** irculation, ** H ** ypothermia / Umutwe):
1. M, Amaraso menshi (Amasegonda 60 ya mbere)¶
- ** Gushyira Tourniquet Kubikomere Byinshi **: Ntugapfushe ubusa amasegonda y'agaciro ukata ibice bitatu bya bibiliya yo guhiga kugirango ubone imiyoboro y'amaraso yihuta niba amaraso yamenetse ukuguru. Shira amarushanwa ya ** CoTCCC yumuyaga (CAT cyangwa SOFTT-W) "muremure kandi ufunze" ** hejuru cyane yibibero cyangwa ukuboko hejuru hejuru yimyenda yoroshye (urebe neza ko nta terefone ngendanwa, icyuma, cyangwa agasanduku ka ammo kari mumufuka munsi yigitambara), kurura umugozi wihambiriye cyane nkuko bishoboka, kandi uhindure inkoni yumutuku ihagarara burundu. Iyo ibintu bimaze guhagarara, shyira ahagaragara igikomere, nibiba ngombwa, shyira irushanwa rya kabiri kuruhu ** santimetero 5 kugeza kuri 8 (santimetero 2 kugeza kuri 3) hejuru y igikomere ** mbere yuko urekura umugozi muremure kandi ukomeye.
- Improvised Backcountry Hunting Tourniquet: If you do not carry a commercial tourniquet, use a 5-centimeter (2-inch) wide canvas rifle sling, binocular strap, or folded blaze-orange vest strip wrapped above the wound and twisted tightly with a metal bolt, cleaning rod section, or stout hardwood stick as a windlass. Never use a thin paracord or bootlace alone without a wide fabric band underneath, as thin cord slices skin without occluding the deep femoral artery.
- Wound Packing for Groin, Buttock, Axilla, or Neck Wounds: If a bullet or broadhead severs a vessel in the groin crease (inguinal junction), armpit, or base of the neck, wrap a finger in hemostatic gauze (QuikClot Combat Gauze or Celox) or clean cotton t-shirt strips and feed it tightly inch-by-inch directly onto the bleeding vessel at the bottom of the wound cavity until packed slightly above skin level, then lean down with both hands for 3 to 5 full minutes (hemostatic) or 10 minutes (plain gauze).
2. Special Protocol: Broadhead Arrow and Crossbow Bolt Impalements¶
Modern hunting arrows and crossbow bolts are tipped with fixed-blade or mechanical (expandable) broadheads engineered to maximize hemorrhage via 2, 3, or 4 surgical-grade razor blades spanning 2.5 to 6 centimeters (1 to 2.5 inches) in cutting diameter: 1. Why Pulling a Broadhead Out Is Fatal: Inside the body, the carbon arrow shaft and blades are pressing against the sliced walls of veins and arteries (internal tamponade). Also, mechanical broadheads have rear-facing barbed blades that open like an umbrella when pulled backward and fixed-blade broadheads rotate as the flexible spine of the arrow bends. Pulling an arrow out in the woods slices adjacent intact nerves, tendons, and major arteries wide open. 2. How to Stabilize an Impaled Arrow in the Field: - Cut away jackets and shirts around the arrow shaft with trauma shears or a knife so clothing does not tug on the shaft. - If blood is oozing around the arrow entry site, press sterile gauze pads firmly against the skin alongside the base of the shaft without tilting or wiggling the arrow. - Build a log-cabin or doughnut bolster around the arrow up to a height of 8 to 10 centimeters (3 to 4 inches) using rolled socks, spare fleece hats, foam pad strips, or bulky gauze rolls, and tape the padding securely to the body so the arrow cannot pivot during litter transport. 3. When and How to Shorten the Arrow Shaft: If a 75-centimeter (30-inch) arrow shaft sticks out of a hunter's thigh or chest in thick brush, every tree branch will strike the feathered fletching end and lever the razor broadhead inside the patient's organs. - Have a partner hold the arrow shaft in a vise-like grip right near the skin entry point with both hands (or clamp it tightly with locking pliers) to absorb 100 percent of vibration. - Use heavy-duty wire cutters, a rotary tubing cutter, or a fine-tooth multi-tool saw to cut the hollow carbon or aluminum shaft 10 to 15 centimeters (4 to 6 inches) above the skin. Wrap a piece of duct tape over the ragged cut carbon-fiber end so sharp carbon splinters do not injure rescuers.
3. A & R, Airway and Respiration (The Entry-and-Exit Wound Rule)¶
High-velocity hunting rifle bullets (.270, .308, .30-06, 6.5 Creedmoor) almost always pass completely through a human torso, creating a small, neat entry wound on the front and a much larger, ragged exit wound on the back or flank. - Check the "Box" (Neck to Navel, Front, Sides, and Back): Sweep your gloved hands inside the hunter's vest across the entire front, armpits, and back. - Apply Vented Chest Seals: Any penetrating wound between the collarbones and the navel (front or back) can collapse a lung (pneumothorax). Wipe blood and sweat off the skin and apply a vented commercial chest seal over the entry wound AND a second chest seal over the exit wound at the end of an exhalation. If improvising with a heavy plastic Ziploc bag or snack wrapper, tape down three sides squarely and leave the bottom corner untaped so trapped air can burp out of the chest without being sucked back in. - Watch for Progressive Tension Pneumothorax: If a patient with a sealed chest wound becomes progressively more short of breath, develops bluish lips, loses their radial wrist pulse, and has extreme anxiety or distended neck veins, burp the chest seal by peeling up one corner for 3 to 5 seconds to let trapped high-pressure air hiss out of the pleural cavity, then smooth the seal back down.
4. C & H, Circulation, Pelvic Binding, and Hypothermia Prevention¶
- Stop the Trauma Triad of Death: A bleeding trauma patient in a cold November forest loses body heat rapidly. Once core temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) blood platelets and clotting factors stop working (hypothermic coagulopathy), causing wounds to start bleeding uncontrollably again.
- Immediate Thermal Enclosure: Even if the air feels mild, get the injured hunter off the cold dirt or snow immediately by sliding a closed-cell foam seat cushion, backpack, or thick bed of pine boughs underneath them. Wrap them in dry down layers, a blaze-orange outer shell, chemical hand warmers placed in the armpits and chest (over a thin shirt layer, never on bare skin), and a windproof mylar space blanket.
Coordinating Remote Backcountry Evacuation & Helicopter Landing Zones (LZ)¶
When calling emergency dispatch (911 / 112 / 999) or messaging via a satellite SOS device (Garmin inReach, Zoleo, SPOT, or iPhone/Android Satellite SOS) from deep woods:
1. Exact Information to Transmit in the First 30 Seconds¶
- Exact GPS Coordinates in Decimal Degrees or Degrees-Minutes-Seconds: Open your hunting mapping app (OnX Hunt, BaseMap, Gaia GPS, Garmin Explore, or Apple/Google Compass) and read the exact latitude and longitude (for example,
45.67892, -111.04567), plus the name of the nearest logging road, trailhead gate, or creek drainage. - ** Mechanism hamwe ningamba zikomeye zakoreshejwe **: Vuga neza * abakozi ntibashobora gutwara umuhigo wa kilo 100 kilometero 3 ukoresheje ibiti byonyine.
- ** Shyira akamenyetso kuri buri kayira hamwe na Blaze Orange **: Niba mugenzi wawe wa kabiri aboneka, umanike ** ikanzu yo guhiga ya blaze-orange, kaseti yerekana ibendera, cyangwa glowsticks ** ku irembo rikuru ry’ibiti byinjira no kuri buri kayira kari munzira iganisha ku murwayi bityo abashinzwe umutekano hamwe n’inkeragutabara zishobora guhita zerekeza aho bitabaye.
2. Uburyo bwo Gutegura Kajugujugu Yihutirwa Yihuta (LZ) mumashyamba¶
Niba kajugujugu yo kwa muganga cyangwa SAR yinjiye mu ishyamba ryimeza, urwuri, cyangwa umuhanda mugari: - ** Ibipimo ntarengwa byo gukuraho **: - ** Ku manywa LZ **: Nibura ** 25 kuri metero 25 (75 kuri 75) - ** Nijoro LZ **: Nibura ** 45 kuri metero 45 (150 kuri 150) **. - ** Ahantu hahanamye **: Ahantu ho gukorerwa hagomba kuba hake (hatari ibyondo byimbitse cyangwa urubura rwikiyaga cyoroshye) hamwe nubutumburuke bwa ** munsi ya dogere 8 kugeza kuri 10 ** (ahantu hahanamye cyane kurenza dogere 10 bituma ibyuma byingenzi bya rotor bikubita kumusozi wo hejuru). - ** Kurinda ibikoresho byose birekuye Kurwanya 130 km / h (80 mph) Gukaraba Rotor **: Mbere yuko kajugujugu yegera, ** gupakira kure cyangwa gupima uburemere bwuzuye imyenda ya mylar, ibipapuro byinshi, ingofero, nubufuka bwubusa bwubusa **. Igipangu cya mylar irekuye yinjijwe muri kajugujugu umurizo uzatera impanuka ikomeye. Komeza hypothermia yumurwayi uzenguruke umukandara cyangwa ukande hasi kandi urinde amaso yumurwayi urushinge rwa pinusi n ivumbi. - ** Erekana icyerekezo cyumuyaga kandi ntuzigere ukoresha Strobes yera nijoro **: Hagarara hamwe na ** usubire kumuyaga ** kumurongo wo hejuru wogusiba (cyangwa uhambire umurongo mwiza wa kaseti yerekana amabendera kumugozi nkumuyaga wumuyaga) kuko kajugujugu zihora zigwa hanyuma zigakuramo ** mumuyaga **. Mwijoro, koresha urumuri rwamabara rwamabara, ibinyabiziga bitukura / amber, cyangwa itara ryerekanaga ** hepfo hasi hagati rwagati rwibiti **; ** ntuzigere ucana itara ryera ryera cyangwa guhiga hejuru kuri cockpit ** isenya indorerwamo z'indege (NVGs).
Urutonde rwumutekano mbere yo guhiga kuri buri Muhigi¶
- ** Wambare TMA Yemejwe Yuzuye Yuzuye Ifatwa Ryifata kuri buri Guhiga **: Kanda mumurongo wumutekano wumutekano wa ** (ufite ipfundo rya Prusik) cyangwa umukandara wo kuzamuka wa lineman ** munsi yigiti mbere yuko uzamuka kumurongo wambere, bityo uhuza 100 ku ijana uhereye hasi ukamanuka hasi.
- ** Menya neza ko Igikoresho cyawe cyo guhagarika cyahagaritswe kandi kiragerwaho **: Icara mu bikoresho byawe santimetero 15 (santimetero 6) uvuye hasi ku giti cyinyuma mbere yumunsi wo gufungura kugirango witoze gukoresha ikirenge kandi ukandagamo munsi yuburemere bwumubiri.
- ** Ntuzigere uzamuka ukoresheje imbunda ipakiye cyangwa Broadheads idafunze **: Buri gihe fungura imbunda yawe cyangwa umusaraba wawe munsi yigiti, uyihambire kumurongo wa ** ukurura ** (hamwe numunwa werekeza hepfo yawe), hanyuma ubikure nyuma yuko uhambiriye kuri platifomu. Witwaze imyambi yose yagutse imbere imbere yikigina, gifunze neza.
- ** Witwaza Igikoresho Cyambere Cyimfashanyo (IFAK) kumukandara wawe cyangwa mu gatuza Rig **: Gapakira amarushanwa ya ** CoTCCC yumuyaga wumuyaga (CAT cyangwa SOFTT-W) ** z-inshuro ya hemostatike ya gaze, kwambara igitutu cyihutirwa, udupfunyika tubiri twa kashe yigituza, igitambaro cyumwanya, imbere yikamyo yawe idafite ifiriti isize hejuru yumubiri wawe.
- ** Kureka Gahunda Yanditse yo Guhiga Muri Mapping App **: Kureka inzira ya digitale ya pin yerekana aho uhagaze neza mubiti muri OnX Hunt cyangwa Ikarita ya Google hanyuma ukayandikira umuryango wawe mbere yuko bucya hamwe nigihe giteganijwe cyo kwisuzumisha.
Fata Guhagarika Amaraso nubutayu amasomo yambere yo gufasha
Buri muhigi n’umuheto w’inyuma agomba kurangiza amasaha 1 kuri ** Hagarika amasomo ya Bleed ** hamwe n’icyemezo cya ** Ubutayu bwa mbere (WFA) ** binyuze muri Croix-Rouge, Ambulance ya St John, cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe uburezi cya Bowhunter kugira ngo akore imyitozo yo kwipimisha wenyine hamwe no gupakira ibikomere bifitanye isano mbere yo kwerekeza mu ishyamba.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶
Ni kangahe kumanika ku giti ibikoresho byumutekano bishobora guhitana abantu niba udakoresheje umugozi wo gutabara?
Kumanika utanyeganyega muburyo bwuzuye bwumutekano nyuma yo kugwa birashobora gutera ubwenge muminota 5 kugeza kuri 15 no gufatwa kumutima byica muminota 15 kugeza 30 kubera ihungabana rya orthostatike. Iyo amaguru yawe yikaraga byoroshye, imishumi ifatanye yamaguru igabanya imitsi yumugore mugihe uburemere bwikigereranyo bugera kuri 60% byamaraso yawe mumaguru, bikicisha inzara ubwonko numutima wamaraso. Ako kanya ukandagira mukuhagarika ibirenge byahagaritswe no kuvoma imitsi yamaguru yawe bigarura imitsi kandi bikagufasha kubaho amasaha menshi.
Kuki utagomba na rimwe gukuramo umwambi wo guhiga wamanitswe mu ishyamba?
Bitandukanye n'amasasu yoroshye cyangwa isonga, intego yo guhiga ifite ibyuma 2 kugeza kuri 4 byogosha ibyuma byo kubaga (kandi imashini nini ya mashini ifite ibyuma bireba inyuma byimbere mugihe bikururwa inyuma). Mugihe kiri imbere mu gikomere, uruziga rw'imyambi rucomeka ku nkuta zaciwe z'imiyoboro y'amaraso. Gukuramo umwambi usubira inyuma ukata imiyoboro minini, imitsi, hamwe n imyakura yagutse imbere mu gihimba cyangwa ku mubiri, bigatera kuva amaraso imbere, bidacungwa. Buri gihe usige umwambi mu mwanya, padi uzengurutse umusingi, hanyuma ureke abaganga bahahamuka babikure mucyumba cyo gukoreramo.
Urashobora gushira ikirahuri cyumuyaga hejuru yimyenda iremereye yo guhiga mugihe umuhigi arasa cyangwa akagabanya ukuguru?
Nibyo, niba amaraso atukura ya arterial asukuye mumaguru cyangwa ukuboko hanyuma ugaca muri bibili ziremereye bizatakaza amasegonda akomeye, shyira umuyaga wa CoTCCC umuyaga "muremure kandi ufunze" hafi yigituba cyangwa ukuboko hejuru yimyenda yoroshye (kureba neza ko imifuka iri munsi irimo terefone, ibyuma, cyangwa ammo) hanyuma ugahina ikirahure kugeza igihe amaraso ahagarara. Amaraso amaze kugenzurwa kandi ahantu hafite umutekano, urashobora kwerekana igikomere hanyuma ugashyira irushanwa rya kabiri kuruhu rwa santimetero 5 kugeza kuri 8 (santimetero 2 kugeza kuri 3) hejuru yimvune mbere yuko urekura urwa mbere.
Ni ukubera iki ari itegeko kugenzura uwahohotewe n’umugongo n’impande kabone niyo wabona igikomere kimwe gusa mu gituza cyangwa mu nda?
Guhiga umuvuduko mwinshi wamasasu nimbunda zamasasu hafi ya zose zinyura mumubiri, kandi kubera ko isasu ryatembye, ibihumyo, kandi bigasunika amagufwa yavunitse hanze, igikomere cyo gusohoka kumugongo cyangwa kumpande ni kinini inshuro eshatu kugeza kuri eshanu kandi kiva amaraso cyane kurenza umwobo muto winjira imbere. Buri gihe uhanagura amaboko ya kashe hejuru yumurwayi wose, amaboko, nigituba, hanyuma utwikire ibikomere byinjira no gusohoka mu gituza hamwe na kashe yo mu gatuza.
Wokora iki mugihe umwambi wamanitswe umwambi ari muremure kuburyo udashobora kuvana umuhigi mumashanyarazi?
Ntuzigere uzunguza cyangwa kugoreka umwambi. Saba inkeragutabara imwe ifate umwambi wimyambi ukoresheje amaboko yombi iburyo bwuruhu (cyangwa uyihambire hamwe nugufunga ibyuma) kugirango vibrasiyo ya zeru igana kumurongo wimbere imbere. Inkeragutabara ya kabiri irashobora noneho gukoresha insinga ziremereye, icyuma gikonjesha, cyangwa ibikoresho byinshi byabonye kugirango ucibwe karubone cyangwa aluminiyumu ya santimetero 10 kugeza kuri 15 (santimetero 4 kugeza kuri 6) hejuru yuruhu, gupfundikira karuboni yacagaguye hamwe na kaseti, hanyuma yubake icyuma kinini gifunze kizingiye kuri stub.
Inkomoko yagenzuwe¶
- Komite ishinzwe ubuvuzi bwa Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC) hamwe n’ishuri rikuru ry’abaganga bo muri Amerika (Hagarika Bleed, Amerika):
- Umuryango w’ubuvuzi bwo mu butayu (WMS): * Amabwiriza y’ubuvuzi agenga imicungire y’ihungabana (Harness Hang Syndrome), Immobilisation yumugongo, hamwe no kuva amaraso mu mugongo *.
- Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora Treestand (TMA) n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryigisha abahiga (IHEA-USA): * Ibipimo byuzuye byo guta muri yombi umubiri wuzuye (FAS), imikoreshereze yubuzima, hamwe na protocole yubutabazi *.
- Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe uburezi cya Bowhunter (NBEF): * Broadhead Kwinjira mu gukumira ihahamuka n’amabwiriza yo guhagarika imirima *.
- Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe gushakisha no gutabara (NASAR) na komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe ubutabazi bwa Alpine (ICAR): * Gutoranya kajugujugu ya Kajugujugu Yinyuma (LZ) Guhitamo hamwe na Porotokole ya GPS ihuza imiyoboro *.