Imibare yihutirwa yo kwanduza imibare: Imbonerahamwe yumuti wo murugo (5% kugeza 8.25%), Gutekwa nuburebure, no kuyungurura¶

Iyo umwuzure wibihuhusi, umutingito wibanze kumeneka, gutunganya imyanda irengerwa, cyangwa umuriro wigihe kirekire wanduye amazi yawe ya robine cyangwa uhatira urugo rwawe kuvura imvura, imigezi, cyangwa amazi meza, bigatuma ikosa rimwe ryokunywa hamwe na chorine ya chlorine irashobora gutuma umuryango wawe uhura nindwara ziterwa na virusi (Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Giardia lamblia, Norovirus, Hepatitis A, na Cryptosporidium) cyangwa gutera uburozi bukabije bwimiti ituruka kumyanda yuburozi. Niba hari umuntu yamize bunguri ** bidahumanye neza, impumuro nziza / itavanze, cyangwa icyuzi cya pisine cyibanze **, hamagara ** Igenzura ryuburozi (1-800-222-1222 muri Amerika) ** cyangwa nimero yawe yihutirwa (911, 112, cyangwa 999) ako kanya dukoresha ibyacu nimero yihutirwa ububiko. Ongera usuzume kandi utuyobora umutekano w'amazi n'amatangazo abira, ibigega byo kubika amazi byihutirwa no kuyungurura imbaraga, na gutekera mu nzu byihutirwa guteka mugihe umuriro wabuze.

Ni ukubera iki udutabo twihutirwa twavuga gusa * "ongeramo ibitonyanga 8 bya blach kuri gallon" * binanirwa kububiko bwa kijyambere? Kuberako mu myaka icumi ishize, Abanyamerika y'Amajyaruguru n’amahanga mpuzamahanga bahindura ibicuruzwa byahinduye urugo rusanzwe ** Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) ** kwibanda ku murage **5.25% (5.0%) ** kugeza kuri 6.0%, 7.5%, na 8.25% formulaire, mugihe icyarimwe yuzuza 70 ku ijana byububiko bwibiribwa hamwe na ** "Splashless / No-Splash," "Ibara-Umutekano," na "Impumuro (Lemon / Lavender) "ibibyimba birimo surfactants zifite ubumara, kubyimba polymers, n'impumuro nziza yo kunywa **.

Kumenya ** inkingi enye z'ikigo cyemewe cyo kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika (EPA), Ibigo bishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC), n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) siyanse yo kwanduza amazi ** yemeza amazi meza yo kunywa mugihe cyose: 1. ** Guteka (1 Minute ku nyanja; 3 Minutes Hejuru 2,000 Meters / 6,562 Feet): ** Guteka nuburyo ** bwintambwe imwe gusa yica 100% mubyiciro bine byose bitera indwara **: bagiteri, virusi, cysts protozoan (Giardia), NA chlorine irwanya **Cryptosporidium oocysts **. 2. ** Mbere yo Kwiyungurura (1-Micron Absolute Akayunguruzo cyangwa Gutuza + Imyenda) MBERE YO Kwanduza Imiti: ** Chorine yo mu rugo (NaOCl) na iyode yica bagiteri na virusi byihuse, ihindure Giardia cysts gahoro gahoro (30 to 60 minutes), na ** NTIMWice Cryptosporidium oocysts kuri dosiye ya chlorine ishobora kunywa **. Nanone, umwanda hamwe nubutaka bwamazi mumazi yibicu bihuza chlorine yubusa (chlorine demand), bigusaba ** gukuba kabiri ikariso ya ** niba amazi ari ibicu. 3. ** Ikigereranyo Cyukuri cya Bleach Ijanisha Imibare (1 Metric Drop = 0.05 mL; Intego Intego = 2 mg/L [ppm] Amazi meza / 4 mg/L [ppm] Amazi yibicu, kugenda 0.5 to 2.0 ppm Ubuntu busigaye bwa Chlorine Nyuma 30 Minutes): ** Guhuza umubare wibitonyanga byawe neza NaOCl ijanisha ryacapwe kumacupa yawe ya bleach ikora yibikoresho. 4. ** Kalisiyumu yumye Hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2, 65% to 78% Granular Pool Shock) Intambwe Zibiri Zibisubizo Byibisubizo: ** Kuberako urugo rwamazi rwamazi rutakaza **20% to 50% yububasha bwa chlorine kumwaka ** mububiko, wiga kuvanga granular yumye idahungabana Ca(OCl)2 icyuzi cya pisine (which stores dry for 10+ years) muri a 1:100 Amazi ya bleach yibisubizo biha umuryango wawe ibikoresho byihutirwa bitagira umupaka.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Niba ufite amavuta yo guteka cyangwa ingufu za batiri, BURUNDI uhitamo guteka (1 full minute hepfo 2,000 meters / 6,562 feet ubutumburuke; 3 full minutes hejuru cyangwa hejuru 2,000 meters / 6,562 feet). ** Amazi yangiza kandi yica indwara zose zanduza abantu (harimo na chlorine-immune Cryptosporidium) neza mbere yuko irangiza a 1-minute guteka. Reka amazi akonje bisanzwe; ntukongereho ice cubes ikozwe mumazi yanduye.
2. ** Mbere yo gukoresha amavuta yo murugo kugirango yanduze amazi, genzura ikirango cyimbere ninyuma cyicupa kubisabwa bibiri: **
3. ** Ibisabwa 1: ** Urutonde rwibintu ** Bikora ** kurutonde rwinyuma rugomba kuvuga Sodium Hypochlorite ... 5.0% to 9.0% (typically 5.25%, 6.0%, 7.5%, or 8.25%) CYANGWA icupa rigomba gutwara EPA Registration Number (EPA Reg. No.) hamwe nogusukura / kwanduza amabwiriza.
4. ** Ibisabwa 2: ** Igomba kuba ** 100% Ibibaya, Bisanzwe, Bleach idasanzwe **. ** NTUKIGERE unywa amazi yatunganijwe na "Splashless / No-Splash" byakuya, impumuro nziza, gel gel, cyangwa "Ibara-Umutekano" (hydrogen peroxide / sodium percarbonate) byakuya. **
5. ** Niba amazi yawe mbisi ari ibicu, ibyondo, cyangwa afite ibice bireremba: reka bikemuke 30 minutes, hanyuma uyisuke unyuze mu ikawa isukuye, ibice 4 by'ipamba isukuye T-shati, cyangwa a 1-micron absolute (NSF/ANSI 53 or 58) Akayunguruzo ka fibre mbere yo kongeramo blach. ** Niba amazi akomeje kuba igicu na nyuma yo kuyungurura imyenda, ugomba **2x) umubare wibitonyanga bya blach ** byashyizwe kumurongo wamazi meza yimeza ya EPA / CDC hepfo.
6. ** Gupima umubare nyawo wibitonyanga (ukoresheje imiti isanzwe ita imiti 20 drops = 1 milliliter / 100 drops = 1 teaspoon = 5 mL), kubyutsa neza, no GUTEGEREZA 30 FULL MINUTES mbere yo kunywa. ** Niba amazi ari ** imbeho ikonje (< 10°C / 50°F) **, ** gutegereza 60 full minutes (double the contact time) **, kubera ko imiti yica udukoko twangiza buhoro buhoro 50% kuri buri wese 10°C kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bw'amazi.
7. ** Kora "30-Minute Yoroheje Chlorine Ikizamini" kuri buri cyiciro cyavuwe: ** Nyuma yo gutegereza 30 minutes, kura agapira no kunuka amazi:
8. ** Niba ifite umunuko, woga-pisine ya chlorine impumuro nziza: ** Chlorine isigaye yubusa (0.5 to 2.0 ppm) iracyahari, bivuze ko icyifuzo cya chlorine cyose cyujujwe kandi amazi ni ** umutekano wo kunywa **. .
9. ** Niba ifite impumuro ya ZERO ya chlorine nyuma yiminota 30: ** Ibintu kama mumazi byatwaye chlorine yose mbere yo kwanduza. ** Ongeramo ikindi gipimo cyuzuye cya byakuya, koga, hanyuma utegereze ikindi 15 to 30 minutes. **
10. ** NTUKIGERE ugerageza guteka cyangwa guhumanya amazi yandujwe nubumara bwinganda zifite ubumara, lisansi, imiti yica udukoko, ibyuma biremereye (lead/arsenic), cyangwa ubururu-icyatsi kibisi (cyanotoxins).

Igiti cyemezo: Guhitamo no gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwiza bwo kweza amazi¶

Kurikiza iyi clinique nubuhanga kugirango uhuze isoko yawe yamazi meza nibikoresho bihari kuri protocole nyayo yo kuvura.

flowchart TD
    RawWater["Ukekwaho Amazi Yanduye (Itangazo Ryiza, Nibyiza, Imvura, Uruzi, cyangwa Ikigega kibitswe)"] --> ChemCheck{"Amazi Yandujwe na lisansi, imiti yinganda, amavuta yimyanda yumwuzure, cyangwa uburozi bwubururu-Icyatsi cya Algae?"}
    ChemCheck -->|"YEGO: Imiti, lisansi, cyangwa Cyanotoxine Yubu"| DoNotUse["NTIBITEKEREZE CYANGWA BIKORESHEJWE: Guteka Byibanze Byuma Byinshi & Vaporize lisansi; Shakisha Ubundi Amacupa / Amazi Yabitswe cyangwa Koresha Osmose Yinyuma / Kugabanya"]
    ChemCheck -->|"OYA: Ibyago bya Microbiologiya Gusa (Bagiteriya, virusi, Giardia, Cryptosporidium)"| ClarityCheck{"INTAMBWE 1: Crystal y'amazi irasobanutse cyangwa igicu / Turbid?"}
    ClarityCheck -->|"Igicu, Icyondo, cyangwa Ibara"| PreFilter["Gutuza + Mbere-Muyungurura Mbere: Reka Gutuza Mins 30 -> Suka Binyuze mu Kawa Muyungurura, Imyenda y'ipamba ya Layeri 4, cyangwa 0.1-kuri-1.0 Micron Hollow-Fibre Filter"]
    ClarityCheck -->|"Crystal Clear"| MethodSelect{"INTAMBWE 2: Nubuhe buryo bwo kwanduza ufite?"}
    PreFilter --> MethodSelect
    MethodSelect -->|"Inkomoko y'Ubushyuhe Iraboneka (Amashyiga, Keteti, Sterno, Inkongi y'umuriro)"| BoilProtocol["GOLD STANDARD BOILING: Zana kubiteke byuzuye kumunota 1 wuzuye (CYANGWA iminota 3 yuzuye kuri / hejuru ya 2000 m / 6,562 ft Uburebure) -> Yica 100% ya Bagiteri, Virusi, Giardia, & Cryptosporidium"]
    MethodSelect -->|"0.1-kuri-1.0 Micron Akayunguruzo + Kutavomera"| DualProtocol["ICYICIRO CYA KABIRI CY'INGINGO ZIKINGIRA:"]
    MethodSelect -->|"Ikirangantego cyurugo kitavanze (5% kugeza 8.25% NaOCl) cyangwa Granular Pool Shock Gusa"| BleachProtocol["CHLORINATION CHIMICAL: Reba neza NaOCl kuri Label -> Dose kumeza ya EPA (Koresha 2x Dose niba ikiri igicu) -"]

Igice cya 1: Icyo buri buryo bwo Gutunganya Amazi Yica Mubyukuri (Matrix ya Pathogen)¶

Gusobanukirwa ** ingano ya patogene (microns / µm.

Igice cya 2: Byuzuye EPA / CDC Urugo rwa Bleach Igitonyanga & Ikiyiko cyo Kuzuza Imbonerahamwe (5.0% Kuri 8.25% Sodium Hypochlorite)¶

Imibare yose ikoreshwa hepfo ikurikira ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika (EPA) **, ** Ibigo bishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) **, na ** Umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi (WHO) ** ibipimo byokunywa byihutirwa byamazi, byateganijwe kugirango bigere hafi **2 mg/L (2 ppm) ya Chlorine iboneka kubuntu (FAC) kumazi meza ** na **4 mg/L (4 ppm) kumazi yibicu / Amazi meza **:

• ** Ibipimo bisanzwe byo gupima bikoreshwa mumeza yemewe: **
• 1 Standard Medicine Dropper Drop = 0.05 milliliters (mL) (20 drops = 1.0 mL)
• 1/8 Teaspoon = 0.625 mL (- 12 to 13 drops / kuzunguruka kuri 8 to 16 drops mu makarita yoroshye yo mu murima)
• 1/4 Teaspoon = 1.25 mL (- 25 drops)
• 1/2 Teaspoon = 2.50 mL (- 50 drops)
• 1 Full Teaspoon (tsp) = 5.0 milliliters (mL) (100 drops)
• 1 Full Tablespoon (Tbsp= 3 tsp) = 15.0 milliliters (mL)

Imbonerahamwe 2A: Gutoya-Byihutirwa Kunywa Amazi yo Kunywa Amazi (1 Liter / 1 Quart na 4 Liters / 1 US Gallon)¶

Imbonerahamwe 2B: Igikoresho kinini & Barrel Gutera Indwara (20 Liters / 5 Gallons na 208 Liters / 55-Gallon Drum)¶

Mugihe uvura amazi manini yihuta (20 L / 5 gal) cyangwa ibiryo byo mu rwego rwubururu HDPE ububiko bwo kubika (208 L / 55 gal), gupima hamwe na mililitiro ** yarangije (mL umunwa wo mu kanwa) ** cyangwa ** gupima ibiyiko ** aho kubara ibitonyanga byinshi kumuntu:

Bigenda bite niba Icupa ryawe ryo murugo ari 1 to 2 Years Old? (Bleach Shelf-Amategeko yo gutesha agaciro ubuzima)¶

Amazi ya sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) ni imiti idahungabana kandi igenda ibora buhoro buhoro umunyu wameza ($ inyandiko {NaCl} \() na ogisijeni (\) inyandiko {O} _2 $), cyane cyane iyo bibitswe hejuru 21°C (70°F): - ** Amezi 0 kugeza kuri 6 Kera (Ububiko bukonje): ** 100% imbaraga, koresha rero imbonerahamwe isanzwe hejuru. - ** Amezi 6 kugeza 12 Yashize: ** Gutsindwa 20% to 30% imbaraga, bityo iracyakora kurwego rusanzwe cyangwa +25% ikinini; genzura hamwe na ** 30-Minota ya Chlorine Ikizamini cya ** (cyangwa bihendutse $10 ** Ubuntu bwa Chlorine DPD / Ibizamini by'ibidendezi ** bigamije 0.5 to 2.0 ppm nyuma yiminota 30). - ** Amezi 12 kugeza 24 Yashize: ** Gutsindwa 50% cyangwa byinshi mubikorwa bya chlorine ikora, bityo ** kabiri (2x) igitonyanga cyamanutse ** hanyuma ugenzure umunuko wa chlorine ucitse uguma nyuma yiminota 30. - ** Amezi arenga 24 kugeza 36 Yashize: ** Hafi yangiritse rwose mumazi yumunyu, ntabwo rero ** ntukishingikirize kumyaka 3 yamazi yamazi ** utabipimishije ukoresheje ikizamini cya chlorine.

Igice cya 3: Kalisiyumu ya Kalisiyumu Hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2 "Ikidendezi Cyuzuye") Imibare yo gukemura¶

Kuberako amazi ya bleach yangirika mumezi 12, ibigo bishinzwe ibiza (** OMS, Croix-Rouge, CDC, na EPA ) bikoresha granular yumye ** Kalisiyumu Hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2, birimo 65% to 78% chlorine iboneka, igurishwa mubikoresho byububiko na pisine nkuko HTH Pool Shock) ** kubwigihe kirekire cyo kwitegura byihutirwa. Kubikwa byumye mu ndobo ya pulasitike ifunze imbere mu kabati gakonje, ** calcium hypochlorite yumye imara 10+ years n'umwe 454-gram (1-pound) umufuka wangiza kugeza kuri **38,000 liters (10,000 gallons) y'amazi yo kunywa **.

1.¶

Iyo ugura a 1-pound umufuka wa granular pisine yumye mububiko bwibikoresho, genzura neza ibirango bya chimique witonze: - ** UMUTEKANO UKORESHEJWE: ** Ibikoresho bikora bigomba kuba Calcium Hypochlorite ... 65% to 78%. - ** NTIMUKORESHE (Trichlor / Dichlor . "stabilizer) cyangwa ** Sulfate y'umuringa ** (algicide) kumazi maremare yo murugo.

2. Official EPA / OMS 2-Intambwe "Umubyeyi Umuti wo gukemura" Porotokole¶

Ugomba ** NTUBWO ugerageza guta ibinyampeke byumye bya 68% Kalisiyumu Hypochlorite mu icupa ry’amazi ya litiro 1 ** (ingano imwe ntoya cyane iba yibanze kuri litiro 1 kandi igasiga imyanda ya calcium idashonga). Ahubwo, burigihe ukoreshe ** EPA Uburyo bubiri bwo gukemura ibibazo **:

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  EPA / CDC 2-STEP CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE (65%-78% POOL SHOCK) PROTOCOL    |
|                                                                         |
|  STEP 1: MIX YOUR "LIQUID BLEACH STOCK SOLUTION" (500 mg/L / 0.05%):    |
|  - Add 1 HEAPING TEASPOON (5 to 7 grams / 1/4 ounce) of dry granular    |
|    Calcium Hypochlorite (65% to 78%) into 7.5 LITERS (2 US GALLONS)     |
|    of clean water inside a plastic jug (NEVER mix in a metal container).|
|    (Or for a smaller 1-Liter / 1-Quart Stock Bottle: dissolve a         |
|    LEVEL 1/8 TEASPOON [0.8 grams] of dry granules into 1 LITER [1 Qt]   |
|    of water).                                                           |
|  - Stir with a plastic/wood spoon for 2 minutes until dissolved, let    |
|    any white lime chalk settle, and label the jug:                      |
|    "DO NOT DRINK: CHLORINE STOCK SOLUTION".                             |
|                                                                         |
|  STEP 2: DOSE YOUR DRINKING WATER USING THE 1 : 100 DILUTION RATIO:     |
|  - Add 1 PART of that Liquid Stock Solution to 100 PARTS of raw         |
|    drinking water (this delivers an exact 5 ppm chlorine dose):         |
|    * For 1 LITER (1 Quart) of Raw Water -> Add 10 mL (2 Teaspoons)      |
|      of Stock Solution.                                                 |
|    * For 4 LITERS (1 US Gallon) of Raw Water -> Add 40 mL (8 Teaspoons  |
|      / 2.5 Tablespoons / 1.35 fl oz) of Stock Solution.                 |
|    * For 20 LITERS (5 US Gallons) of Raw Water -> Add 200 mL (scant     |
|      1 Cup) of Stock Solution.                                          |
|  - Stir and wait 30 minutes (60 minutes if cold) before drinking.       |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Igice cya 4: Guteka kuburebure (1 Minute vs. 3 Minutes) hamwe n'ubundi buryo bwo kwanduza indwara (Iodine, NaDCC, ClO2, & SODIS)¶

1. Impamvu Uburebure Burebure Buhindura Igihe cyo Guteka (1 Minute v. 3 Minutes)¶

Ku nyanja (101.3 kPa / 14.7 psi umuvuduko w'ikirere), amazi meza atetse kuri 100°C (212°F). Mugihe uzamutse hejuru kumusozi, umuvuduko muke wikirere utuma amazi abira kubushyuhe bwa ** **

• ** Icyitonderwa cya siyansi kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza amazi (65°C to 75°C / 149°F to 167°F): ** Microbiologique yumuriro-urupfu-igihe cyumurongo cyerekana ko Cryptosporidium, Giardia, E. coli, Cholera, Rotavirus, na Hepatitis A bishwe mubyukuri muri 1 to 6 minutes kuri 70°C (158°F) no mumasegonda ** hejuru 85°C (185°F). Ibigo byerekana ** "umunota 1 wo gutekesha (3 minutes hejuru 2,000 m) " kubera ko ingo zisanzwe zidatwara laboratoire ya laboratoire ya laboratoire: kureba ibibyimba binini bizunguruka hejuru hejuru yamasegonda 60 byemeza ko amazi yarenze 85°C to 100°C udakeneye termometero.

2. Kugereranya Ibindi Byuma Byangiza Amazi Ibinini & Uburyo¶

Inomero zihutirwa zo mukarere hamwe na protocole yikigo¶

Mugihe c'amazi ya komine cyangwa ubujyanama bwamazi, hamagara ibikorwa by’amazi byaho cyangwa ishami ry’ubuzima rusange hanyuma ukoreshe umurongo wa telefone zemewe:

• ** Amerika: ** Kubintu byihutirwa byo gufata imiti cyangwa byakuya, hamagara ** Igenzura ry’uburozi muri Amerika kuri 1-800-222-1222** (cyangwa ** 911 **). Kubijyanye n’amazi yo kunywa nibibazo byo kuvura, baza kuri ** EPA Amazi yo Kunywa Yizewe (epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water) ** na ** CDC Amazi meza (cdc.gov/water-emergency) **. Reba muyunguruzi yemejwe kuri ** NSF / ANSI Igipimo cya 53 cyangwa 58 (Cyst Reduction) ** na ** Porotokole ya NSF P231 (Microbiological Purifiers) **.
• ** Kanada: ** Hamagara ** Igenzura ry'uburozi kuri 1-844-POISON-X (1-844-764-7669) ** cyangwa ** 911 **. Kurikiza ** Amabwiriza yubuzima bwa Kanada kubijyanye no gutanga no gukuraho inama zamazi meza ** hamwe ninzego zubuzima rusange bwintara.
• ** Ubwongereza: ** Hamagara ** NHS 111 ** kugirango ubone inama zubuvuzi zihutirwa cyangwa ** 999/112 ** kubintu byihutirwa. Ibihe byihutirwa byamazi bigengwa nubugenzuzi bwamazi yo kunywa ** (DWI, dwi.gov.uk) **, Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano mu Bwongereza ** (UKHSA) , hamwe n’amazi akoreshwa mukarere kawe (bisabwa byemewe n'amategeko kugeza amazi yamacupa kubakiriya biyandikishije kubuntu ** Serivisi ishinzwe ibikorwa byihutirwa PSR mugihe cyo guhagarara).
• ** Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi: ** Hamagara ** 112 ** byihutirwa. Amazi yo kunywa agengwa nubuyobozi bwa ** EU bwo kunywa amazi (Directive (EU) 2020/2184) ** n'ibigo nderabuzima rusange.
• ** Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande: ** Hamagara ** Uburozi Amakuru kuri 13 11 26 (Ositaraliya) ** cyangwa **0800 764 766 (Nouvelle-Zélande) **; nimero yihutirwa ni ** 000 ** (AU) na ** 111 ** (NZ). Kurikiza ** NHMRC Amabwiriza yo Kunywa Amazi yo muri Ositaraliya ** na ** Taumata Arowai (Umugenzuzi w’amazi, Nouvelle-Zélande) **.
• ** Ubuhinde na Aziya-Pasifika: ** Hamagara ** 112 ** (Ubuhinde) cyangwa Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe amakuru y’uburozi (1800-116-117) **, hanyuma ukurikire ** Umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi (WHO SEARO / WPRO) ** amabwiriza yo gutunganya amazi murugo. Reba urutonde rwuzuye rwisi kuri nimero yihutirwa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Kuki ntashobora gukoresha "Splashless" cyangwa "No-Splash" Clorox bleach kugirango nze amazi yo kunywa mugihe cyihutirwa?¶

**.`sodium xylene sulfonate` cyangwa `amine oxides`), kubyimbye, kandi akenshi impumuro nziza, mugihe ugabanya sodium hypochlorite munsi yanduza (`1% to 4%` nta kwandikisha kwanduza EPA). Kunywa amazi yatunganijwe na flamless blach ifuro iyo ihungabanye kandi igatera gastrite yimiti no kuruka. Buri gihe ugenzure ko icupa ryawe rivuga ** Ibisanzwe / Ikibaya kitavanze **, urutonde **`Sodium Hypochlorite (5% to 8.25%)`** kuri label yinyuma, kandi ** ntabwo ifuro iyo ihungabanye **.

Gukora firigo ya firigo (Brita cyangwa PUR ikibindi gikora karubone) kora amazi yanduye neza kuyanywa mugihe cyo kumenyesha amazi abira?¶

** Oya.`NSF/ANSI Standard 42` na `53`) kugira karubone irekuye ifite imiyoboro yemerera ** 100% ya bagiteri (`E. coli`, `Salmonella`) na virusi (`Norovirus`, `Hepatitis A`) kunyura mu kirahure cyawe **. Gusuka amazi yumwuzure wa bagiteri cyangwa kubira-kumenyesha amazi ya robine ukoresheje ikibindi cya karubone nabyo byanduza karitsiye, bisaba gusimburwa nibimenyesha kubira birangiye. Buri gihe ** guteka cyangwa guhumura amazi yawe mbere ** (cyangwa ukoreshe a `0.1-micron` hollow-fibre filter hongeweho na bleach).

Niba ntetse amazi muminota 10 cyangwa 15 aho kuba umunota 1, ntabwo aribyo bifite umutekano?¶

Oya: amazi abira kurenza ** 1 umunota wuzuye ** (`3 minutes` hejuru `2,000 meters / 6,562 feet`) itanga ** zeru inyungu zica mikorobe ** (100% ya bagiteri, virusi, `Giardia`, na `Cryptosporidium` gupfa nyuma yamasegonda 60 yikibyimba) mugihe utera ** ibibazo bitatu **: isesagura lisansi yihutirwa cyangwa ingufu za batiri, iteka amazi yo kunywa mukibumbe, kandi igahunika imyanda idahungabana nka ** nitrate (`dangerous for infants`) ** na ** kuyobora **. Zana amazi kumateke akomeye, igihe cyumunota 1 (`3 minutes` ahirengeye), hanyuma uzimye ubushyuhe ako kanya.

Nigute nakuraho uburyohe bwo koga-pisine ya chlorine uburyohe nyuma yo kwanduza amazi na bleach?¶

Ubwa mbere, ** ntuzigere ugerageza gukuramo uburyohe bwa chlorine KUGEZA iminota 30 yuzuye (cyangwa iminota 60-amazi akonje-amazi) igihe cyo guhura cyarangiye **. Iyo iminota 30 imaze kurangira ukaba wagenzuye impumuro ya chlorine idakabije: ** (1) Aerate ** usuka amazi yatunganijwe inyuma no hagati y'ibibindi bibiri bisukuye inshuro nyinshi; ** (2) Ongeramo akantu gato (`10 to 25 mg` kuri litiro) ya Vitamine C / Ifu ya Ascorbic Acide ** (ihita igabanya hypochlorite ikarishye mu munyu wa chloride utaryoshye); cyangwa ** (3) Suka amazi yamaze kwanduzwa ukoresheje ikibindi cyiza cya karubone ya Brita ** mbere yo kunywa.

Nshobora gukoresha hydrogen Peroxide (3% H2O2) cyangwa Apple Cider Vinegar aho guhumanya kugirango yanduze amazi yo kunywa byihutirwa?¶

Isukari ya pome ya pome na umutobe windimu birakomeye cyane kuburyo bidashobora kwica `Giardia`, `Cryptosporidium`, `Norovirus`, cyangwa imitwaro iremereye ya bagiteri. ** 3% Hydrogene Peroxide (`H2O2`) ** ni biocide idakomeye kuruta sodium hypochlorite (`NaOCl`), bisaba kwibanda cyane hamwe nigihe cyo gutegereza amasaha menshi atera igifu, niyo mpamvu yaba ** EPA, CDC, cyangwa OMS ** yemera urugo `3%` hydrogen peroxide nkibanze byihutirwa byo kunywa amazi yangiza. Komera kuri ** guteka, `5% to 8.25%` byakuweho, `NaDCC` (`Aquatabs`), Dioxyde ya Chlorine (`ClO2`), cyangwa `68%` Kalisiyumu Hypochlorite ikemura igisubizo **.

Kuyobora¶

• Umutekano w'amazi n'amatangazo abira
• Ibigega byo kubika amazi byihutirwa, guhinduranya ibiryo bya HDPE, no kuyungurura imbaraga
• Guteka byihutirwa mugihe cy'amashanyarazi: Chafing lisansi, butane, numutekano wa CO
• Isuku yihutirwa: Ubwiherero bwindobo nisuku nta mazi meza
• Kubaka ibikoresho byihutirwa murugo
• Inomero zihutirwa

Inkomoko nubuyobozi¶

• ** Ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA): ** * Kwanduza byihutirwa amazi yo kunywa (epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/emergency-disinfection-drinking-water: Umukozi 5% to 6% na 8.25% Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach Ibitonyanga hamwe na Kalisiyumu ya Kalisiyumu Hypochlorite Ikigereranyo Cyibisubizo) *.
• ** Ibigo bishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC, Amerika): ** * Gutuma amazi agira umutekano mugihe cyihutirwa (cdc.gov/water-emergency): Guhindura ubutumburuke bwo guteka (1 Minute v. 3 Minutes Hejuru 6,500 Feet / 2,000 Meters), 1-Micron Absolute Kwiyungurura Cryptosporidium, hamwe na Iyode Kurwanya *.
• ** Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS): ** * Amabwiriza yo Kunywa-Amazi meza (Edition ya 4): Indangagaciro za Pathogen CT Indangagaciro ya Chlorine, Dioxyde ya Chlorine (ClO2), Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), hamwe no Kwangiza Amazi y'izuba (SODIS) *.
• ** NSF International / ANSI (NSF/ANSI Standards 53, 58, and P231): ** * Kunywa Amazi yo Gutunganya Amazi, Ingaruka zubuzima (Kugabanya Cystike ya Cyst Cryptosporidium na Giardia kuri <= 1.0 Micron Nominal/Absolute) *.
• ** Sosiyete y'Ubuvuzi yo mu butayu (WMS): ** * Amabwiriza ngenderwaho y’ubuvuzi bwo kwanduza amazi mu murima (Ubushyuhe-Biterwa na Halogens Kinetics, Ubushyuhe bwa Pasteurisation, na Ascorbic Acide Dechlorination) *.