Ubukonje bukonje, Ikiraro cyumukara Urubura rwumukara, ninzira itunguranye¶

Ibicu bikonje hamwe nigitereko cyikiraro gitunguranye kiri mubintu byihutirwa byubukonje bwibihe byimvura umushoferi wese ashobora guhura nabyo. Bitandukanye na serwakira cyangwa urubura, aho kugwa kwimvura biguha umurongo ugaragara kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko, igihu gikonje kigizwe nigitonyanga cyamazi ya microscopique cyamazi cyahagaritswe mukirere kimaze kugabanuka munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 32 (dogere 32 Fahrenheit). Ibi bitonyanga birenze urugero bikomeza kuba amazi mugihe kireremba mu kirere gituje, ariko ako kanya bakora ku butaka bukomeye nko hejuru yikiraro kinini, umuhanda wa asfalt, umuhanda wicyuma, cyangwa ikirahure cyumuyaga ugenda, bahita bakonjesha mu rupapuro rukomeza, rubonerana rwa barafu cyangwa urubura rime rutagaragara.

Mu minota mike, umuhanda bigaragara ko wumye cyangwa utose cyane urashobora gutakaza kugeza 80% byikurura ryamapine mugihe ibiboneka bigabanuka munsi ya metero 50 (metero 165). Kuberako ibiraro birebire hamwe ninzira nyabagendwa zihura numwuka ukonje haba hejuru yinzira nyabagendwa ndetse no munsi yumukandara wubatswe, bikonjesha bikomeye iminota 30 kugeza kuri 90 mbere yuko ibitanda byumuhanda bikora. Kumenya kumenya igihu kirenze urugero mbere yuko amapine yawe yambukiranya ikiraro cyagutse, uburyo bwo kwirinda icyuma cyahanagura ikirahure hamwe na sensor ya radar kugirango igwe hejuru yimodoka yo hagati, uburyo bwo gukira ikiraro cyikiraro kitarinze gukora kuri feri, nuburyo bwo kurokoka ibinyabiziga byinshi byimodoka ikiza ubuzima.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Hagarika kugenzura ubwato no kugenzura umuvuduko wihuse ukoresheje buto ya moteri. Kanda feri kumurambararo wikiraro gifunze cyangwa guhungabanya ibiziga byimbere, mugihe usize kugenzura ingendo bikora bituma mudasobwa yikinyabiziga ikoresha itara ritunguranye iyo ipine yimodoka yatembye kurubura rwirabura.
2. ** Korohereza ikirenge cyawe neza kuri moteri mbere yo kwambuka ikiraro icyo aricyo cyose, kurenga, cyangwa inzira ndende. ** Shyira umuvuduko wawe kumuhanda wegera igitaka mugihe amapine yawe agifata. Inziga zawe zimaze kwambukiranya icyuma cyo kwagura icyuma cya kiraro, fata uruziga rwapfuye neza, komeza ibirenge byawe kuri feri na pederi ya gaze, hanyuma inyanja neza neza.
3. ** Zimya amatara yawe mato mato, amatara yimbere yibicu, n'amatara yinyuma yinyuma ako kanya. Ntukishingikirize kumatara yumunsi yumunsi, akenshi usiga amatara yawe yinyuma yijimye rwose mwijimye.
4. ** Shyira ikirahuri cya kirahure kugirango ushushe cyane kandi uzimye umuyaga wa kabine. Shyira ubushyuhe bwuzuye ku kirahure hanyuma ucagagure idirishya ryuruhande rwa milimetero 5 (santimetero 0.2) kugirango usukure imbere kandi wumve impanuka ziri imbere.
5. ** Koresha neza mu cyerekezo icyo aricyo cyose kandi ntuzigere ukubita feri. Niba igicapo gikomeje, hindukira muri Bidafite aho bibogamiye cyangwa ukande ahanditse pedal hasi kugirango uhagarike moteri ikurura na feri nshya.
6. ** Sohoka munzira nyabagendwa ikurikira, ahantu ho kuruhukira, cyangwa ahakorerwa serivise. niba inzira imwe yarengereye hejuru, buri kiraro, igicucu cyaciwe, hamwe ninzuzi yinzuzi imbere ni umutego wibarafu. Niba ufite uruhare mu kuzunguruka cyangwa kugongana, komeza umukandara wawe imbere mu modoka yawe hanyuma uhamagare nimero yawe yihutirwa (911 muri Amerika na Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza) cyangwa urebe nimero yihutirwa.

Imiterere yo mu kirere yubukonje bukonje, urubura rwa rime, na barafu¶

Abashoferi benshi batunguwe no kumenya ko igihu cyamazi gishobora kubaho mugihe ubushyuhe bwikirere buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 5 (dogere 23 Fahrenheit) cyangwa se hakagera kuri dogere selisiyusi 15 (dogere 5 Fahrenheit). Gusobanukirwa uburyo ibitonyanga byamazi bitwaye bitwara bisobanura impamvu igihu gikonje kirenze ubuhemu kuruta igihu gisanzwe cyangwa urubura rwumye.

flowchart TD
    A["Gutwara ibicu cyangwa igihu munsi ya 4 C (40 F)"] --> B{"Reba Indorerwamo Zuruhande, Antenna, na Spray Umuhanda"}
    B -->|"Amapine atera spray yamazi kandi indorerwamo ziratose"| C["Igicu cyamazi: Zimya ibiti bito, inshuro ebyiri zikurikira kugeza kumasegonda 6+"]
    B -->|"Urubura rwa barafu ku ndorerwamo / guhanagura CYANGWA zero zipine gutera imbere"| D["GUKORA IGIKOMBE & IGIKORWA CY'UMUKARA"]
    D --> E["Kureka kugenzura ubwato ukoresheje buto, hindura defrost hejuru, gahoro kumuhanda wubutaka"]
    E --> F{"Kwegera Ikiraro, Kurenga, cyangwa Viaduct?"}
    F -->|"Yego"| G["Uzuza feri zose MBERE yikiraro gihuriweho; inkombe igororotse hakurya ya zeru yinjiza"]
    F -->|"Oya: Kumuhanda ufunguye"| H["Ongera icyuho gikurikira kugeza kumasegonda 10 kugeza 12; reba umurongo unyuze kumurongo wiburyo"]
    G --> I{"Ikinyabiziga gitangira kunyerera hejuru ya barafu?"}
    H --> I
    I -->|"Oya"| J["Sohoka mumihanda ikurikiraho hanyuma utegereze ubushyuhe bwizuba cyangwa amakamyo yumunyu"]
    I -->|"Yego: Kurengana cyangwa Kwirengagiza"| K["Irinde feri, reba inzira ifunguye, uyobore neza muri slide, uhindukire utabogamye"]
    K --> J

Ukuntu ibitonyanga byamazi arenze urugero flash-freeze ku ngaruka¶

(Gulf of Mexico)

Mugihe ibyo ** bitonyanga byamazi ** bikubise ikintu gikomeye, nkurugero rwikiraro cya beto, umurongo wumuhanda usize irangi, icyapa cyumuhanda wa aluminiyumu, cyangwa impera yimbere yimodoka yawe, guhuza imashini bikuraho uburemere bwabyo kandi bigatanga nucleation ako kanya. Igitonyanga gikonjesha mugice cyamasegonda, kirekura ubushyuhe bwihishwa bwo guhuza no guhuza cyane na substrate ikonje.

Glaze ice (ice ice) hamwe nuburyo bwo kubitsa rime¶

Ukurikije ubunini bwigitonyanga, umuvuduko wumuyaga, nuburyo bugera munsi yubukonje bwumuhanda wicaye, igihu gikonje gitanga ibibara bibiri bitandukanye buri shoferi agomba kumenya:

Kuki ikiraro cyikiraro kirenga gukonjesha iminota 30 kugeza kuri 90 mbere yimihanda yigitaka¶

Icyapa cyo kuburira kumuhanda cyanditseho * "Ikiraro Ikiraro Mbere Yumuhanda" * gishingiye muri fiziki yohereza ubushyuhe:

1. ** Kubura ubutumburuke bwa geothermal: ** Umuhanda usanzwe wicara kubutaka bwegeranye nubutaka bwimbitse. Ubutaka bukora nk'ikigega gishyuha gitanga ubushyuhe hejuru muri asfalt, bikadindiza ubukonje iyo ubushyuhe bwikirere bugabanutse.
2. ** Gukonjesha impande eshanu gukonjesha ku biraro: ** Ikiraro cyo hejuru cyikiraro cyangwa viaduct gifite isi zeru munsi yacyo. Gukonjesha umuyaga wubukonje hamwe nubukonje bukonje buzunguruka hejuru yubushoferi hejuru, hamwe na parapeti zombi zo hanze, kandi hejuru yicyuma cyerekanwe cyangwa ibyuma bifasha munsi yacyo. Ubushyuhe burahunga kuva hejuru no hepfo yicyapa hejuru yikubye kabiri igipimo cyumuhanda wo hasi.
3. ** Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wibyuma byubatswe na beto: ** Igorofa yikiraro yubatswe kuva beto ikomejwe cyangwa ibyuma bya orthotropique ikora ubushyuhe kure cyane kuruta asfalt yijimye. Ndetse iyo umuhanda wibumba ugana ku kiraro ari dogere selisiyusi 2 (dogere 35,6 Fahrenheit) kandi utose, ikiraro cyahagaritswe ikiraro cya metero 10 (metero 33) imbere gishobora kwicara kuri dogere selisiyusi 3 (dogere 26,6 Fahrenheit) zometseho urubura rwinshi.
4. ** Kwagura umutego wubukanishi: ** Buri kiraro kirimo urutoki rwicyuma cyangwa imirongo yagutse ya reberi kumpande zombi aho umuhanda uhura nigihe cyahagaritswe. Ibyapa byibyuma byambaye ubusa bikonja mbere ya byose. Niba umushoferi ahindukiriye gato cyangwa yihuta mugihe amapine yabo yambutse kwaguka, kugabanuka gutunguranye hagati yintambara hagati ya asifalt nicyuma gishobora guhita gitera ikinyabiziga kuruhande.

Ibimenyetso bitandatu byo kuburira hakiri kare byerekana ko igihu gikonje kirimo umuhanda¶

Kuberako imashini yimodoka ya termometero ipima ubushyuhe bwikirere imbere yumwanya wa grille imbere aho kuba ubushyuhe bwa pavement, ugomba gukoresha ibimenyetso bifatika kugirango umenye umuhanda ukora neza mbere yuko ukenera feri cyangwa kuyobora.

• ** Amababa yera yera yuzuye kuruhande rwindorerwamo yindorerwamo hamwe na antenna ya radio ikiboko: ** Witegereze kuruhande rwa plastike ruyoboye indorerwamo yinyuma yawe hanze buri minota ibiri mugihe utwaye ibicu bikonje. Niba ubonye umurongo wera utuje, wubukonje cyangwa inyubako yiminwa ya ice ice yoroheje kuruhande rwindorerwamo, ibitonyanga birenze urugero bikonjesha cyane ingaruka.
• ** Amapine imbere areke gutera hejuru yibihu byamazi: ** Mubicu bitose bidakonje, amapine yimodoka namakamyo imbere atera icyuma cyinshi, gikomeza amazi ya spray. Niba umuhanda ugaragara nkumwijima kandi urabagirana munsi yamatara, ariko amapine ari imbere azunguruka gitunguranye hamwe na zero spray cyangwa igihu inyuma yabo, ubuhehere kumuhanda bwarafunze urubura rwirabura; reba flash freeze hamwe no gutwara ibibara byirabura.
• ** Icyuma cyohanagura gitangira kuganira, gutembera, cyangwa kuzamura ikirahure: ** Iyo igihu kirenze urugero gikubise icyuma cyangwa plastike yimyenda yicyuma cyumuyaga wicyuma cyawe, urubura rufunga ingingo zoroshye kugirango icyuma cya reberi ntigishobora guhura numurongo wikirahure. Aho guhanagura neza, icyuma gisimbukira hejuru yikirahure hanyuma kigasiga firime yamata yibicu bikonje kumurongo wawe.
• ** Dashboard yihanangiriza ko "Imbere yo Kugongana Kuburira / Adaptive Cruise Sensor Abamugaye": ** Imodoka zigezweho zishyiraho ibyuma bya milimetero-umurongo wa radar ibyuma byerekana ikirango cya grille imbere na kamera optique inyuma yikirahure cyo hejuru. Igicu gikonje cyubaka milimetero 2 kugeza kuri 5 (0.08-kuri-0.2-santimetero) igikonjo cyurubura rwa rime hejuru yizuru ryimbere imbere muminota mike, bikumira urumuri rwa radar kandi bigatera chime sensor yibikoresho bya cluster yawe. Iyo chime ni umuburo udashidikanywaho ko imodoka yawe irimo kwegeranya urubura.
• ** Ubukonje bwinshi kumuzitiro wumuhanda uhuza uruzitiro, insinga zingirakamaro, hamwe nizamu ryizamu: ** Reba ibyuma birinda ibyuma bya W-beam hamwe na posita ya kilometero ku rutugu. Niba zisa n'izijimye, cyera cyera, cyangwa zometseho inshinge zoroshye zerekana urubura, ikiraro cyikiraro kiri imbere kirasize.
• ** Guceceka gutunguranye mu rusaku rwumuhanda wa kabine: ** Iyo amapine yawe avuye kuri asfalt itose yometse ku rupapuro rwumucyo wijimye, urusaku ruhoraho rw urusaku rwibitonyanga byamazi bisuka imbere mumariba yibiziga bigabanuka gitunguranye.

Intambwe ku ntambwe yo gutwara amayeri yo gukonjesha igihu hamwe nigorofa¶

Gutwara neza unyuze muri koridor ikonje ikonje bisaba gutandukanya ibyinjira byose kugirango utigera usaba amapine yawe gufata feri, kwihuta, no guhindukira icyarimwe.

1. Gucunga amatara yimodoka no kugaragara mubicu bya zeru¶

Kugaragara mu gihu cyikonje gikunze kugabanuka munsi ya metero 100 (metero 330) kandi birashobora kugwa munsi ya metero 15 (50 metero) mubibaya byinzuzi no mubibaya byinganda:

• ** Hindura amatara y'intoki kuva kuri "Auto" ujya kuri "Beam Beam ON": ** Imashini nyinshi zikoresha urumuri rwumucyo zibona igihu cyera cyera kumanywa cyangwa nimugoroba kandi ukagumya kumurika amatara nyamukuru, ugakora gusa amatara yimbere yimbere kumanywa mugihe usize amatara yinyuma yumutuku inyuma. Hindura itara ryumubiri kanda kumurongo wo hasi kumurongo kugirango urujya n'uruza rushobora kubona amatara yawe mbere yuko akubita inyuma.
• ** Shyira amatara yimbere imbere hamwe namatara yinyuma yibicu (aho bifite ibikoresho): ** Amatara yimbere yibicu yicaye hasi kuri bamperi hanyuma ugashiraho urumuri rugari, ruringaniye munsi yigitereko cyumucyo kugirango umurikire impande zumuhanda zishushanyije utagarutse mumaso yawe. Mu Burayi, Ubwongereza, no ku binyabiziga byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga ku isi, fungura itara ryanyu rya ** ryinyuma ** mugihe ibiboneka bigabanutse munsi ya metero 100 (metero 330), hanyuma uzimye iyo ibiboneka bimaze kuba byiza kugirango udahisha abashoferi inyuma yawe.
• ** Ntukigere ukoresha imirishyo miremire: ** Amatara maremare amurika hejuru kumurongo ugereranije ugereranije nigitonyanga cyahagaritswe, ukanyanyagiza urumuri muri retina yawe (glacatter glare) hanyuma ukagabanya intera igaragara neza mo kabiri.
• ** Kurikiza umurongo wiburyo (cyangwa umurongo wibumoso ugana ibihugu byumuhanda wibumoso) aho gukurikira umurongo wo hagati: ** Iyo amatara yimbere yegereye akoresheje igihu gikonje, ukareba umurongo ugabanya ibice byangiza icyerekezo cyawe kandi ugakurura inzira yawe igana mumodoka igenda. Witegereze amaso yawe hepfo gato kuruhande rwumurongo wijimye wijimye cyangwa kumurongo werekana kumurongo kugirango imodoka yawe igume mumurongo wacyo.

2. Nigute ushobora kwambuka ikiraro cyikiraro cyangwa kurenga neza¶

Igihe cyose ubonye ikiraro cyikiraro, icyapa kirenga umuhanda, cyangwa umugezi wambukiranya imbere mugihe cy'ubukonje bukabije cyangwa ubushyuhe bukonje, kora iyi myitozo yintambwe enye zambuka:

1. ** Ihute kumuhanda wigitaka mbere yikiraro: ** Uzuza 100 ku ijana bya feri yawe no kugabanya umuvuduko mugihe amapine yose uko ari ane aracyazunguruka kumuhanda ushyigikiwe nisi metero 150 kugeza 300 (metero 500 kugeza 1.000) mbere yuko ikiraro cyegera icyapa.
2. ** Huza ibiziga byawe neza mbere yo kwaguka kwambere: ** Niba ikiraro cyicaye kumurongo, shiraho arc yoroheje, ihora iyobora arc hamwe na radiyo yagutse ishoboka mbere yuko amapine yawe yimbere yambukiranya icyuma cyagutse, kandi wirinde gukora ubugororangingo butunguranye hagati.
3. ** Inkombe hakurya hamwe na peteroli itagira aho ibogamiye: ** Mugihe wambutse ikiraro, komeza ikirenge cyawe kuri pederi ya feri ndetse no ku nkombe hamwe na zeru zeru cyangwa ufate igitutu gihagije cya gaze ya pedal kugirango uhuze n'umuvuduko wawe uzunguruka kugirango ibiziga bitwara ntibisunike cyangwa ngo bikurure kurubura.
4. ** Ntuzigere uhindura inzira kumurongo wikiraro: ** Umusozi uzamuye wubushyuhe bwakonje, urubura rwa rime, hamwe nibimenyetso bya plastike byerekana inzira hagati yumuhanda munini bikora nkurugendo rwikiraro hejuru yikiraro. Guma hagati mumurongo umwe kugeza amapine yose uko ari ane yambutse kwaguka kure gusubira kumuhanda wubutaka.

3. Kwirinda ikirahuri cyamatara nigitereko cyamatara hejuru mugihe ugenda¶

Mu gihu gikonje cyane, ibitonyanga bikonje birashobora gutwikira ikirahuri cyawe cyihuta kuruta amazi asanzwe ashobora guhanagura:

• ** Shyira imbere ya defroster yumuyaga hejuru yubushyuhe ntarengwa n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'abafana: ** Komeza hejuru yikirahure gishyushye bihagije kuburyo ibitonyanga by'ibicu bikonje cyane bishonga ku ngaruka aho gukonjesha mu rupapuro.
• ** Zimya buto ya "Recirculate" akayaga: ** Kuzenguruka ikirere cya cabine umutego ushushe, ushushe wumushoferi nabagenzi bari mumodoka, bigatuma * imbere * yikirahure gikonje gihinduka igihu cyangwa ubukonje hejuru mugihe * hanze * irimo ibicu bikonje. Buri gihe ukurura umwuka mwiza wo hanze hamwe na compressor ya A / C ikora (ihumanya umwuka mbere yo kuyishyushya).
• ** Ntugatere amazi yo mu cyi cyangwa intege nke zogejwe hejuru yumuyaga wa sub-zeru kumuvuduko wumuhanda: ** Niba ikigega cyawe kirimo amazi cyangwa amazi yo mu cyi cyogeje amazi yagabanutse kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 0 (dogere 32 Fahrenheit), kuyisukaho ikirahuri gikonje cyumuyaga mugicu gikonjesha kizahita gitwikira ikirahuri cyose mumpapuro zitagaragara zurubura rukomeye, kuri 50 km / h. Buri gihe uzuza ikigega cyawe mbere yubukonje na ** ukuyemo 30 ° C kugeza kuri 40 ° C (ukuyemo 22 ° F kugeza kuri 40 ° F) de-icing methanol cyangwa propylene glycol washer **.
• ** Reba amatara maremare ya LED ahagarara kuri lisansi: ** Bitandukanye n'amatara ashaje ya halogene yabyaye ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi yashonga urubura hejuru yigitereko cyamatara mu buryo bwikora, amatara agezweho ya ** LED akora neza kugirango akore **. Mu gukonjesha igihu cyangwa icuraburindi, urubura rwurubura rwera rwa rime rushobora kubaka hejuru yumucyo wamatara ya LED muminota 30 uvuye mumihanda, bikagabanya urumuri rwawe imbere 70%. Hagarara muri parikingi yizewe kugirango usibe kandi de-ice LED itara ryamatara n'amatara murizo.

Gusubirana skid hejuru yikiraro cyometseho ikirahure hamwe na flavours zigoramye¶

Ndetse abashoferi bafite amakenga barashobora gukubita urupapuro rutunguranye rwa barafu itagaragara hejuru yumuhanda muremure cyangwa ikiraro cyinzuzi. Ukuntu wimura amaboko n'ibirenge mumasegonda 1.5 yambere bigena niba uhindagurika neza kurundi ruhande cyangwa uzunguruka muri parapet yikiraro.

Nigute ushobora kurokoka igihu gikonjesha ibinyabiziga byinshi¶

Zimwe mu mpanuka z’imihanda yahitanye abantu benshi mu mateka, zirimo ibinyabiziga birenga 50 kugeza ku 150 mu ruhererekane rumwe, bibaho iyo banki y’ahantu huzuye ibicu bikonje ** cyangwa ** super-fog ** ituye hakurya y’ikiraro gihuza ibihugu cyangwa inzira y’umugezi bwacya. Abatwara ibinyabiziga binjira mu rukuta rwera kuri kilometero 100 kugeza kuri 120 / h (62 kugeza 75hh), bavumbura icyarimwe ko badashobora kubona igihe cyashize kandi ko kaburimbo munsi yigihu ari urubura rukomeye rwumukara, hanyuma bakanyerera mumurongo wahagaritswe imbere.

"Super-fog" ni iki kandi ni ukubera iki ikora hafi y'ibishanga no gukaraba umuriro?¶

Abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere basobanura ** super-fog ** nk'uruvange rw'umwotsi, uduce duto two gutwikwa, hamwe n'umwuka wuzuye w'amazi ukonje bigabanya kugaragara kuri horizontal munsi ya metero 3 (metero 10) **. Iyo ibintu kama bitose (nk'ibishanga byumye, gutwika umurima wubuhinzi, ibirundo by’amashyamba, cyangwa inganda zikomoka ku nganda) birekura trillioni za microscopique hygroscopic nuclei mu kibaya cy’amazi akonje ijoro ryose, imyuka y’amazi iba hafi ya buri kintu cyose cy’umwotsi. Niba ubushyuhe bugabanutse munsi yubukonje, iyi super-igihu ibika urubura rwijimye, rwuzuye amavuta rwuzuyemo soot hejuru yumuhanda mugihe ugabanuka kugaragara kuri zeru rwose imbere ya metero 50 (metero 165).

Intambwe-ku-ntambwe yo kubaho protocole niba uhuye nurukuta rwigihu cyangwa ikirundo imbere¶

1. ** Koresha ubumenyi bwa acoustic ukata idirishya ryumushoferi wawe: ** Mugihe ibiboneka bigabanutse munsi ya metero 50 (metero 165) mugicu gikonje, hindura idirishya ryumushoferi wawe kuri santimetero 1 kugeza kuri 2 (0,5 kugeza kuri 1) hanyuma uzimye radio. Mu gihu cyinshi, uzumva ** kumva ** feri yo mu kirere, ibyuma bisunika, hamwe no guturika kw'amahembe ya pileup ya metero 300 kugeza kuri 500 (metero 1.000 na 1,650) imbere mbere yuko ubona amatara maremare.
2. ** Ntuzigere uhagarara munzira nyabagendwa niba udahagaritswe: ** Niba uyobewe nigicu cyinshi gikonje, ntugahagarike imodoka yawe hagati yumuhanda munini. Komeza kugenda buhoro mugihe uyobora umurongo wiburyo wasize irangi kumurongo kugeza igihe ushobora gukuramo rwose umuhanda munini ugana ahasohoka, guhagarara, cyangwa kurenga urutugu rwa kaburimbo inyuma yumuzamu.
3. ** Niba ukwega ku rutugu, hindura amatara yawe hanyuma ukure ikirenge kuri pederi ya feri: ** Mu gihu gihumye, abashoferi begereye bahura n'ingaruka za ** zinyenzi (kugena intego) **: bafunga amatara yumutuku yaka cyane cyangwa amatara ya feri yimodoka ihagaze kumutugu, bakeka ko imodoka igenda mumihanda yihuta. Niba uhatiwe guhagarara kure yigitugu cyumuhanda mu gihu cyinshi, hindukira muri Parike, shyira feri yo guhagarara, ** fata ikirenge cyawe kuri pederi ya serivise ya feri **, uzimye amatara yawe nyamukuru, hanyuma usige gusa ** inzira-enye zinzira ya amber hazard flashers ** pulsing.
4. ** Niba ikirundo kibujije umuhanda ujya imbere, komeza werekeza ku rutugu rworoshye rwo hanze, urubura rwa shelegi, cyangwa ibyatsi byo hagati mbere yo kugira ingaruka: ** Ntugahite winjira inyuma yimodoka yikamyo ihagarara, aho ingaruka zidasanzwe ziteye ubwoba. Intego ku nguni ntoya yerekeza ku mwobo wo hanze w’ibyatsi, ku rubura rworoshye rwa shelegi, cyangwa kuri bariyeri yo gukuraho ingufu za kinetic hanze yumuhanda munini aho amakamyo aremereye anyerera.
5. ** Guma umukandara imbere yikinyabiziga cyawe kugeza igihe impanuka irangiriye, cyangwa uhite uhita urenga izamu niba idirishya risukuye rihari: **
6. ** Niba ibinyabiziga bigonga cyane cyangwa uri hejuru yikiraro kidafite inzira nyabagendwa: ** Komeza umukandara wawe ufunze cyane, komeza amaboko yawe hasi kumuziga (kugirango rero umufuka wo mu kirere ntujugunye amaboko yawe mumaso yawe), kanda inyuma yumutwe wawe ushikamye hejuru yumutwe, hanyuma urebe indorerwamo zawe kugeza igihe umuhanda ujya hejuru.
7. ** Niba imodoka yawe ije kuruhukira inyuma yikirundo cyigihu hejuru yumuhanda wo hasi, hari icyuho cyicecekeye kitagira amatara yegereye cyangwa moteri itontoma, kandi inkombe yigitaka yicaye hanze yumuryango wawe wabagenzi: ** Kuramo buriwese uhite, usige imifuka yose hamwe namakoti inyuma, usohokane kuruhande rwa metero 100 hejuru yuburinzi bwicyuma. metero (metero 330) hejuru / kure yikibanza cyaguye **. Ntuzigere uhagarara hagati yimodoka zimodoka zaguye kandi ntuzigere utinda kurutugu rwa kaburimbo.

Uburyo imiti yo gutunganya umuhanda inanirwa mugihe cyibicu bikonje¶

Abamotari benshi bibwira ko baramutse babonye ikamyo yumunyu ya komine ivura umuhanda amasaha abiri mbere, ikiraro cyikiraro gifite umutekano mukibara cyirabura. Gusobanukirwa uburyo de-icing brines igabanya kandi ikarinda ikizere kubeshya:

• ** Kunyunyuza imitsi ukoresheje ibicu bikomeza: ** Mbere yo kuvura ubwonko bwamazi (mubisanzwe 23% sodium chloride ya sodium cyangwa magnesium chloride yumuti watewe mumirongo migufi kumurongo) bikora mukugabanya amazi akonje. Nyamara, igihu kinini cyakonje cyangwa imvura ikonje ikomeza gushira amazi meza kuri kaburimbo. Iyo umunyu umaze kugabanuka munsi yijanisha rikomeye, igisubizo cyamazi ya brine gikonjeshwa giturumbuka mubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma habaho firime idasanzwe ya shimi ya firimu ikonje.
• ** Umuyaga uhuha ku biraro birebire: ** Iyo abakozi bo mumihanda bakwirakwije granules yumunyu wumye hejuru yikiraro hejuru yikiraro mbere yo gukonjeshwa, kwambukiranya umuyaga hamwe n’umuyaga uhuha watewe no gutwara amakamyo ya kilometero 100 km / h (62hh) uhuha kugera kuri 60 ku ijana bya kristu yumunyu wumye uva mu kiraro cyoroshye mbere y’amazi ataragera.
• ** Gukuramo 9 ° C (15 ° F) sodium ya chloride ya sodium: ** Munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 9 (dogere 15 Fahrenheit), umunyu usanzwe urutare uhinduka gahoro cyane kugirango wirinde igihu gikonje cyane kidasa hejuru; reba imvura y'amahindu n'imbeho ikabije.

Imodoka ibanziriza urugendo gutegura ibicu bikonjesha hamwe na koridoro yumukara¶

Niba ingendo zawe za buri munsi cyangwa imbeho zambuka ibiraro byinzuzi, inzira zinyanja, ibibaya byimisozi, cyangwa ibibaya byubuhinzi bikunda guhuha, tegura imodoka yawe mbere yo kuva mumuhanda:

• ** Shyiramo Amapine Yimisozi Yimisozi itatu (3PMSF) amapine yimbeho cyangwa amapine ya Nordic adafite ibyuma: ** Amapine asanzwe yibihe byose bikomera munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 7 (dogere 45 Fahrenheit) hanyuma ugatakaza kugeza kuri 50% bya feri yabyo hejuru yikiraro cya glaze ice.
• ** Huza ibyuma bya silicone yo mu bwoko bwa silicone wiper: ** Simbuza ibyuma byerekana ibyuma byerekana (bipakira neza hamwe na barafu ya rime ku ngingo ya pivot) hamwe n’ibihanagura by'imbeho imwe, hanyuma ukavura ikirahuri cyo hanze ukoresheje ikirahuri cya hydrophobi gitwikiriye neza.
• ** Uzuza ikigega cyogeje ukuyemo amazi 40 ° C (ukuyemo 40 ° F) de-icing amazi yo gukaraba: ** Gumana inkono ya litiro 4 (1-gallon) mu gikingi, hamwe n'umuringa ufashe intoki ndende cyangwa icyuma kiremereye cya polyikarubone hamwe n'icupa rya spray rya isopropyl alcool de-icer ifunga inzugi z'umuryango, hamwe n'amatara ya LED.
• ** Gapakira ibikoresho byuzuye byo kurokoka: ** Witwaze imyenda igaragara cyane ya ANSI / ISO kuri buri mugenzi (ubitswe muri glovebox cyangwa mumifuka yumuryango, ntabwo ushyinguwe mumitiba), amashanyarazi akoreshwa na bateri amber LED yaka umuriro, imifuka yo kuryama munsi ya zeru cyangwa ibiringiti by'ubwoya, ubushyuhe bwamaboko, amazi, ibiryo bya kalori nyinshi, hamwe na kilo ya kilo 5; reba ibikoresho byihutirwa byimodoka.

Gufata intoki kumasomo yo kugarura skid yo kugarura no kurangiza amasomo afatika ** Imfashanyo Yambere na CPR ** uhereye kuri Croix-Rouge, Ambulance ya St John, cyangwa ushinzwe umutekano waho uragutegurira gukemura ibinyabiziga byombi ndetse n’ihungabana ry’umuhanda kugeza igihe abashinzwe ubutabazi bahageze.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Nigute ushobora gukonjesha igihu no gutwikira umuhanda mu rubura mugihe imvura itagwa cyangwa shelegi?¶

Ibicu bikonje bikonje iyo ibitonyanga bito byamazi bikomeza guhagarikwa mukirere gituje cyakonje munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 0 (dogere 32 Fahrenheit). Kuberako ibitonyanga byikirere bitagira nucleus ikomeye kugirango itume imikurire ya kirisita ikura mugihe ireremba mu kirere cyo hagati, baguma mumazi arenze urugero kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 10 (dogere 14 Fahrenheit) cyangwa ubukonje. Ako kanya ibyo bitonyanga birenze urugero bikora hejuru yumuhanda ukomeye, ikiraro cyikiraro, izamu, cyangwa ikirahure cyumuyaga, guhuza imashini bitera gukonjesha ako kanya, kubaka urupapuro rukomeza rwurubura rwirabura rwerurutse cyangwa urubura rwera rime nta rubura na rumwe rugwa mu kirere.

Kuki ibiraro n'umuhanda urenga umuhanda uhagarara vuba cyane kuruta umuhanda usanzwe?¶

Umuhanda munini usanzwe wicara hejuru yubutaka hamwe nubutare bwajanjaguwe, bukora nk'igipangu gishyuha gikora ubushyuhe bwubutaka bwabitswe hejuru muri asfalt. Ikiraro cyazamutse, ibinyabiziga biguruka, n'inzira nyabagendwa bihagarikwa rwose mu kirere, bituma umuyaga ukonjesha hamwe nigihu gikonjesha bikwirakwira hejuru yikinyabiziga cyo hejuru ndetse n’ibyuma byubatswe hamwe n’umukandara wa beto munsi. Kuberako ibiraro bitakaza ubushyuhe kumpande eshanu icyarimwe kandi bikaba bitarimo inyuma ya geothermal, ubushyuhe bwubuso bwabwo bugabanuka munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 0 (dogere 32 Fahrenheit) iminota 30 kugeza kuri 90 mbere yuko umuhanda wubutaka wubutaka uhagarara.

Nakagombye gukoresha amatara maremare cyangwa amatara maremare mugihe ntwaye ibicu bikonje?¶

Ntuzigere ukoresha amatara maremare mu gihu, kubera ko ibiti birebire byerekana urumuri hejuru mu bitonyanga by'amazi byahagaritswe kandi bikagaragaza amaso ahumye amaso yawe. Buri gihe ujye uzimya amatara yawe mato mato n'amatara yibicu. Reba amategeko yumuhanda wiwanyu yerekeranye na flasher: inkiko nyinshi ziragira inama yo guhinduranya flasher mugihe gito mugihe gahoro gahoro kugirango uburire urujya n'uruza, mugihe ubiretse mugihe utwaye ibinyabiziga bihoraho bityo ibimenyetso byo guhinduka bikomeza gukora.

Nakora iki niba imodoka yanjye itangiye kunyerera mugihe cyambukiranya ikiraro cya barafu?¶

Komeza ibirenge byombi kuri feri ya feri na moteri yihuta, hanyuma uhagarike kugenzura ubwato ako kanya ukoresheje buto yimodoka niba yari kuri. Gufata hejuru yikiraro cyikiraro gifunze cyangwa gihungabanya amapine kandi bigasenya kuyobora. Reba kure werekeza hagati yuguruye yumuhanda wawe aho ushaka ko imodoka igenda, hanyuma uhindure neza, ntoya ihindura icyerekezo icyerekezo cyinyuma cyanyerera (cyangwa uhindure uruziga gato ugana neza niba amapine yimbere arimo guhinga ikiraro kigoramye). Niba ibiziga byawe bigenda bikurura urubura, hindura neza muri Bidafite aho bibogamiye cyangwa ukande kuri clutch kugeza igihe wambukiranya intera yagutse ugana kuri kaburimbo ivuwe.

Inkomoko yagenzuwe¶

• Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ikirere (NWS) hamwe n’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’inyanja n’ikirere (NOAA, Amerika):
• Ubuyobozi bukuru bw’imihanda (FHWA, Amerika): * Gahunda yo gucunga ikirere: Umuhanda wo kwerekana ubushyuhe bwa pavement, gushushanya ikiraro cya Bridge, hamwe na sisitemu yo kuburira-igaragara cyane *
• Ibiro Bikuru hamwe n’imihanda minini (Ubwongereza): * Gutwara ibicu bikonje, Hoarfrost, hamwe nubukonje bwumukara (Amategeko agenga umuhanda 226 kugeza 237) *
• Gutwara Kanada n'ibidukikije hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe Kanada (Kanada): * Umutekano wo gutwara ibinyabiziga mu gihe cy'imbeho, Glazing Gucana ibicu, hamwe n’ibipimo bikurura amapine *
• Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe iteganyagihe (WMO): * Atlas Mpuzamahanga Igicu: Ibisobanuro by'igihu gikonje, Rime Ice, Glaze, na Hoarfrost *

Kuyobora¶

• Fasha gukonjesha hamwe numutekano wumukara wo gutwara
• Imvura y'amahindu, imvura ikonje, n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi urasenyuka
• Imvura y'amahindu n'imbeho ikabije
• Impanuka y'imodoka: icyo gukora ako kanya
• Ibikoresho byihutirwa byimodoka