Gucomeka gazi Cylinder Valve Shear, Tank Rocketing, hamwe na Azote ya Liquid¶

Amashanyarazi ya gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe na feri ya Dewar yamashanyarazi ikoreshwa buri munsi mumaduka yo gusudira, ibitaro, laboratoire za kaminuza, resitora, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi, hamwe n’ahantu hubakwa. Amashanyarazi asanzwe yuzuye yinganda (nka K-nini cyangwa T-yo gusudira argon, ogisijeni, azote, cyangwa tanki ya helium) ipima ibiro 60 kugeza kuri 80 (ibiro 130 kugeza 175) ** kandi ifite gaze ikanda kuri ** 150 kugeza 300 (ibiro 2200 kugeza 4500 kuri pound kare / psi) **, hafi ** 70 kugeza 140 byumuvuduko uri mumapine yimodoka itwara abagenzi **. Izo mbaraga zose zabitswe zishobora kubikwa inyuma na silindiri imwe ya bronze ya silinderi ijosi ya milimetero 25 gusa (1 cm).

Niba silindiri idahagaritswe idafite ururondogoro rwicyuma rurinda icyuma hejuru yikubitiro hanyuma igakubita igiti cyayo cyumuringa hejuru ya beto, ku nkombe yakazi, cyangwa ikigega cyegeranye, ijosi ry'umuringa riracika. Ako kanya, indege ya gaze ya supersonic ihunga silindari ya kilo 70 ihinduka misile ya ballistique itayobowe (** tank rocketing **) ishoboye kwihuta kugera kuri metero zirenga ** 50 kumasegonda (kilometero 110 kumasaha) ** no gukubita neza binyuze murukuta rwa beto, inzugi zicyuma, numubiri wabantu. Bimwe byica, kandi bitagaragara rwose, ni isuka cyangwa kugabanya umuvuduko wa azote ya ** azote ($ LN_2 $), argon y'amazi, cyangwa helium y'amazi ** imbere muri laboratoire ifunze, gukonjesha gukonjesha, cyangwa icyuma gikurura imizigo: kubera ko azote yuzuye yaguka ** 696 mububumbe bwa ** iyo itetse mumyuka ya ogisijeni ya Dewar ikabura umwuka mubi. guhumeka ** nta na rimwe wumva uhumeka neza. Kumenya impamvu utagomba na rimwe kugerageza gufata silindiri ya gaze igwa cyangwa gusimbukira hejuru yikigega gikubita, uburyo bwo kwimura umwuka wa ogisijeni wabuze umwuka wa ogisijeni utabaye uwakorewe icyaha cya kabiri, nuburyo bwo kubona silindiri ya acetylene yangirika ikiza ubuzima.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** NTUKIGERE ugerageza gufata silindiri ya kilo 70 (pound 150) ikubiswe n'amaboko yawe cyangwa umubiri wawe, kandi NTUKIGERE usimbukira kuri silinderi ya valve yamenaguye. niba umuringa wumuringa ucitse hanyuma ikigega kigatangira kuvuza induru bikabije, kuzunguruka, cyangwa kurasa, guta inyuma yububiko bukomeye (inkingi ya beto, imashini zicyuma, cyangwa hanze yicyumba) ako kanya kugeza silinderi yikubise ubusa (mubisanzwe amasegonda 30 kugeza 90).
2. ** Sohora mucyumba ako kanya kandi NTIWinjire gutabara umukozi bakoranye waguye niba azote yuzuye ($ LN_2 \(), argon, helium, cyangwa karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone (\) CO_2 $) yamenetse ahantu hafunzwe. abarenga 50 ku ijana bapfa bazize gaze inert ni abashaka gutabara bihutira guhumeka. Tegereza abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bambaye ibikoresho byo guhumeka byonyine (SCBA); reba umwanya ufunzwe.
3. ** Ntuzigere uzana flask ya kirogenike ya Dewar cyangwa silindiri ya gaze isunitswe imbere muri kabili ya lift Hamwe nabagenzi. gutwara ubwato bwa kirogenike kuri lift zitwara abantu zidafite abadereva ukoresheje igenzura-guhamagara.
4. ** Kwimura byibuze metero 100 kugeza 300 (metero 330 kugeza 1.000) mugihe silinderi yo gusudira ya acetylene ishyushye, ikanyeganyega, cyangwa igasohora impumuro isa na tungurusumu cyangwa impumuro nziza nyuma yo gucana cyangwa umuriro.
5. ** Hamagara nomero yawe yihutirwa (911 muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika na Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza) uva ahantu habi h’umutekano. genzura nimero yihutirwa.
6. ** Ubushyuhe bukabije bwa kirogenike cyangwa indege ikonje ikongejwe mumazi ashyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 37 kugeza kuri 39 (dogere 98,6 kugeza kuri 102.2 Fahrenheit), ntuzigere usiga uruhu rwakonjeshejwe. reba hypothermia hamwe n'ubukonje.

flowchart TD
    Start["Gase yangiritse cyangwa Cryogenic Cylinder yihutirwa"] --> HazardType{"Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa gaze cyangwa silinderi bibaho?"}
    HazardType -->|"Umuvuduko mwinshi Cylinder Valve Yogoshe / Roketi"| Rocket["1. Ntugerageze gufata cyangwa kumanika silinderi ikubita <br/> 2. Wibire inyuma ya beto ikomeye cyangwa imashini iremereye yicyuma <br/> 3. Tegereza amasegonda 30 kugeza kuri 90 kugeza indege ya gaze ya supersonic irangiye burundu <br/> 4. Ventilate icyumba ako kanya niba gaze yari inert, uburozi, cyangwa yaka umuriro"]
    HazardType -->|"Amazi ya Azote / Argon / Helium / CO2 Kumeneka mucyumba"| Cryo["1. Hunga icyumba ako kanya hanyuma ufungure imiryango yo hanze niba ifite umutekano <br/> 2. NTUKIGERE winjira mucyumba ufashe umwuka wawe kugirango ukure uwahohotewe utazi ubwenge <br/> 3. Koresha laboratoire yihutirwa yo gukuramo umuyaga uturutse hanze ya koridor <br/> 4. Tegereza Inkeragutabara hamwe na tanki ya SCBA kugirango ukuremo uwahohotewe"]
    HazardType -->|"Acetylene Tank Flashback, Umuriro, cyangwa Igishishwa gishyushye"| Acetylene["1. Funga silinderi valve GUSA niba ako kanya (amasegonda 2 yambere) na tank birakonje <br/> 2. Niba urukuta rwa silinderi rwumva rushyushye cyangwa urusaku: SHAKA m 100 kugeza 300 m (330 kugeza 1.000 ft) ako kanya <br/> 3. Ntukimure silinderi ishyushye ya acetylene (ihungabana irashobora kuyiturika) <br/> 4. Abakozi bashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bakoresha amazi atagira abapilote mu gihe cyamasaha 1 kugeza 24"]
    HazardType -->|"Umuvuduko ukabije wa Oxygene Kumeneka cyangwa Amavuta Yanduye"| Oxygen["1. Kuraho ibishashi byose, umuriro, no kunywa itabi ako kanya <br/> 2. Kureka imyambaro yuzuye ogisijeni hanyuma usohokane imyenda hanze muminota 30 <br/> 3. Ntukigere ukora ku bikoresho bya ogisijeni cyangwa indangagaciro ukoresheje gants cyangwa ibikoresho"]

Amashanyarazi ya silinderi yamenetse hamwe na tank ballist roketi¶

Fizika ya roketi 200-bar (3000-psi)¶

Icyuma gisanzwe cyumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa aluminiyumu yometse kuri gaze ni icyuma cyumuvuduko ukikijwe n'inkuta zometseho nta kashe, zageragejwe guhangana n’umuvuduko wimbere wa ** 250 kugeza 500 (3,600 kugeza 7.250 psi) **. Nyamara, ihuriro ridakomeye kuri buri silindiri ya gaze isunitswe ni ** yometseho umuringa wumuringa wateranijwe ** winjiye mu ijosi rifunganye hejuru y icupa, hamwe nigikoresho cyoroshye cyumuringa waturika-disiki yorohereza (PRD) yubatswe kuruhande rwumubiri wa valve.

Iyo silinderi ihagaze neza idafite urunigi rw'urukuta cyangwa umukandara (urugero, mugihe umutekinisiye arimo asimbuza imashini igabanya umuvuduko kugirango ingofero yo gukingira ibyuma ihagarike) hanyuma igahita hejuru:

1. ** Ingaruka ya guillotine: ** Nka kilo 70 (155 pound) ya silinderi yicyuma ikoresheje arc ya metero 1.5 (metero 5) arc, umuringa wo hejuru wumuringa wihuta kugera kumuvuduko mwinshi. Niba valve yumuringa ikubise kumeza yameza yo gusudira ibyuma, tine ya tine, cyangwa intambwe ifatika, cyangwa mugihe ikintu kiremereye kiguye kumashanyarazi yometse kumuringa, uruti rwumuringa ruvunitse ruvaho rusize ijosi rya silinderi yicyuma, hasigara ** milimetero 12 kugeza kuri 19 (santimetero 0,5 kugeza kuri 0,75).
2. ** Gutera roketi ya Supersonic: ** Gazi yabitswe kuri ** 200 bar (3000 psi) ** iturika muri iryo josi rya milimetero 15 rifungura umuvuduko wa supersonic (umuvuduko ukabije), bikabyara ako kanya imbaraga za ** 3.500 kugeza 5.500 (ibiro 800 kugeza kuri 1,250 byatewe) **, hafi ** inshuro eshanu kugeza kuri umunani uburemere bwa silindiri yicyuma ubwayo **.
3. ** Inzira y'akajagari: ** Niba valve ivunitse neza kuruhande rwagati rwagati, silinderi irasa inyuma hasi nka torpedo, ikamenagura urukuta ruzengurutse cinderi, sitidiyo yimbaho, abakozi ba laboratoire, ninzugi zimodoka, cyangwa kwikuramo inkuta za beto kugeza mumitambiko ya gisenge. Niba igiti cya valve cyunamye kuri dogere 45 mbere yo gufungura, silinderi izunguruka cyane nka pinwheel yibiro 70 yibyuma kuri RPM amagana, ivunika amaguru n'amaguru mbere yo kurasa hejuru yububiko.

Niki wakora mugihe silinderi ya valve yunvise cyangwa yatembye bidasubirwaho¶

1. ** Fata igifuniko cya ballistique ako kanya amasegonda 60 kugeza kuri 90: ** Ako kanya silinderi iratemba hanyuma urumva urusaku rutumva, rugabanya ugutwi rwumutwe wogosha wumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa disiki yaturika, induru * Ndetse na litiro 9000 yuzuye (300-kub-metero) ya silindiri ya gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nijosi ryogoshe rwose bizarangiza amafaranga yose mumasegonda ** 30 kugeza 90 **.
2. ** Icyerekezo cya kinetic kimaze guhagarara, suzuma ibyago bya gaze MBERE YO Kongera kwinjira mucyumba: ** Ndetse na nyuma ya silinderi ihagaritse kugenda kandi ikaryama hasi, litiro ** 6,000 kugeza 9000 (metero kibe 210 kugeza 315) ** ya gaze ya compression yari imbere mumacupa ubu yuzuza icyumba kizengurutse:
3. ** Inert asphyxiants (Nitrogen, Argon, Helium, Dioxyde de Carbone): ** Mu kazu gato ko gusudira, mu kabati ko kubikamo, cyangwa muri laboratoire yo hasi, silinderi imwe isohotse irashobora guta ogisijeni yo mu kirere munsi y’urwego rwo guhumeka neza. Fungura imiryango uturutse hanze hanyuma wemerere abafana bahumeka gusukura umwanya mbere yo kwinjira.
4. ** Imyuka yaka umuriro (Hydrogen, Acetylene, Propane, Methane, Carbone Monoxide): ** Kwimura inyubako yose ako kanya utabanje guhinduranya amashanyarazi cyangwa kumena imashini (zikora arc y'amashanyarazi ishobora guturika igicu cya gaze).
5. ** Umwuka wa Oxidizing (Oxygene Yera, Oxide ya Nitrous): ** Umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni wuzuye imyenda y'akazi, umusatsi, n'imyenda yo mu iduka; ikibatsi kimwe cyangwa itabi mugihe cyiminota 15 yerekanwe bizatera imyenda guturika mumuriro mwinshi.
6. ** Imyuka yubumara cyangwa yangirika (Chlorine, Amoniya, Dioxyde de sulfure, Hydrogene Sulfide, Silane, Phosgene): ** Kangura ako kanya ibikoresho byangiza-ibikoresho byangiza, uhite uva hejuru kandi uzamuke, hanyuma utegereze amakipe ya HAZMAT; reba imiti yamenetse.

Amavuta ya azote ya Cryogenic ($ LN_2 $), argon, hamwe na umwuka wa karuboni¶

Kuki azote isukuye yica nta mwuka numwe uhumeka¶

Amazi ya azote ($ LN_2 \(, atetse kuri ** ukuyemo dogere 196 selisiyusi / ukuyemo dogere 320 Fahrenheit **) hamwe na argon y'amazi (\) LAr $, guteka kuri dogere ** munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 30 / dogere 303 Fahrenheit **) abikwa mumashanyarazi ya vacuum yometse kuri litiro ya litiro 240. silinderi.

Iyo azote ya litiro 180 y'amazi ya azote Dewar inama hejuru ya koridoro, igaturika igiceri cyayo cyubaka igitutu, cyangwa igatwika valve yubutabazi imbere muri laboratoire nto, icyumba cya cryobank, cyangwa igikoni cya resitora (aho $ LN_2 $ ikoreshwa mubiribwa bikonjesha cyangwa cocktail), ibintu bibiri bibera icyarimwe:

1. ** Ikigereranyo cyo kwaguka 1 kugeza kuri 696: ** Buri litiro imwe ya azote yamenetse yamenetse muri ** 696 ya gaze ya azote ikonje ** (na litiro 1 ya argon y'amazi yaguka ikagera kuri litiro 847 ya gaze ya argon **). Kumena litiro 20 gusa za azote yuzuye mumazi yo gufunga metero 3 kuri 4 (metero 10 kuri 13) zitanga litiro 13,920 za gaze ya azote nziza **, ihita igabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni wicyumba uva mubisanzwe ** 20.9 ku ijana ** ukamanuka kuri ** munsi ya 8% **.
2. ** Umutego wa physiologique winzara yumuyaga wa zeru: ** Ubwonko bwumuntu ntibukora ** ntibumenya urugero ogisijeni iri mumaraso kugirango itere ubushake bwo guhumeka; ahubwo, chemoreceptors mumikorere yubwonko numubiri wa karotide bipima cyane ** dioxyde de carbone yashonze ($ CO_2 $) kwiyubaka ** mumaraso.
3. Iyo winjiye mucyumba cyuzuyemo azote 95% ya azote cyangwa argon, urashobora guhumeka no guhumeka bisanzwe mubisanzwe, ugahumeka umwuka wa karuboni yumubiri wawe hamwe numwuka wose, bityo ** urumva guhumeka zeru, kuniga zeru, no kuburira zeru **.
4. Ndetse icyarushijeho kuba kibi, iyo umuvuduko w'igice cya ogisijeni mu bihaha ugabanutse munsi ya 6 kugeza 8 ku ijana, ogisijeni ikwirakwiza ** inyuma ** mu maraso yawe y'amaraso mu bihaha kandi igasohoka mu mwuka wawe wa mbere. Mu masegonda ** 8 kugeza kuri 15 (guhumeka 1 kugeza kuri 2 gusa) **, amaraso ya dexygene yageze mubwonko bwubwonko hanyuma umuntu agwa hasi nta ubwenge afite hasi, mubyukuri aho gaze ikonje, azote yuzuye cyangwa gaze ya argon yibanda cyane; reba umwanya ufunzwe.

Intambwe ku yindi igisubizo kuri kirogenic yamenetse cyangwa indege ikonje¶

1. Kwimuka ako kanya no gutabara ikirere¶

1. ** Niba Dewar ya kirogenike yamenetse, inama hejuru, cyangwa umuyaga mwinshi mumazu, sohoka mucyumba ako kanya ** hanyuma ukurure cyangwa utere urugi rwa koridoro ufunguye * uturutse hanze * gusa iyo ubikoze uhindura icyumba ahantu hafunguye abantu benshi cyangwa ugatera icyumba cyumubyimba mwinshi wihutirwa.
2. ** Reba urukuta rwa Oxygene Depletion Monitor (ODM) hanze yumuryango: ** Laboratoire hamwe na resitora ya byeri / soda selile igomba kuba ifite monitor ya ogisijeni ya digitale / CO2 yashyizwe hanze yumuryango. Isomwa ryose riri munsi ya ** 19,5 ku ijana ogisijeni ** ni ikirere kibuze umwuka wa ogisijeni; munsi ** 12 ku ijana ** itera guca urubanza bidatinze; munsi ** 6 kugeza 8 ku ijana ** byica muminota.
3. ** Niba uwahohotewe ari hasi imbere kandi ashobora kugerwaho avuye hanze yumuryango adakandagiye mucyumba ** (urugero, ibirenge byabo bibereye kumuryango wugururiwe umuryango winjira muri koridor yagutse ihumeka neza), guma rwose mumyuka ya koridoro nziza hanyuma ubikure mumaguru mu kirere cyiza. Bitabaye ibyo, tegereza abatabazi bashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bambaye tanki nziza ya SCBA.
4. ** Uwahohotewe amaze guhumeka neza, reba ako kanya guhumeka no guhumeka: ** Niba badahumeka, tangira ** CPR uhumeka neza ** (cyangwa umufuka-valve-mask uhumeka hamwe na 100% ogisijeni); kugarura ogisijeni mu bihaha mbere yo gufatwa n'umutima wa hypoxic bituma umuntu akira vuba; reba CPR.

2. Imfashanyo yambere ya kirogenike ya azote cyangwa ubukonje-gaze ubukonje¶

Muri make uduce twa peteroli ya azote yuzuye hejuru yuruhu rushyushye, rwambaye ubusa akenshi rusohoka nta nkurikizi bitewe ningaruka ya ** Leidenfrost ** (urwego rukingira imyuka ya azote ihumeka ikozwe munsi yigitonyanga). Ariko, niba azote yuzuye ya azote cyangwa amazi ya argon yinjiye mumyenda y'ipamba, ibidengeri biri imbere yikariso ya globe ya kirogenike cyangwa boot, bigasuka mu jisho, cyangwa bigasuka nk'indege ya gaze ikonje cyane ku ruhu, bikonjesha uruhu hamwe nuduce twimbitse cyane kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 196 mu masegonda:

1. ** Ntuzigere ukuramo imyenda cyangwa uturindantoki twakonje cyane kuruhu rwuwahohotewe: ** Kurandura uturindantoki cyangwa isogisi ikonjeshejwe urutoki cyangwa ikirenge ikuramo umubyimba wuzuye wa epidermis na dermis uhereye kumubiri. Ahubwo, fungura intoki zose zifatika hanyuma winjize ikiganza cyangwa ikirenge cyambaye mumazi y'akazuyazi kugeza igihe urubura rwa rubura rushonga kandi umwenda ukanyerera buhoro.
2. ** Ongera wongere wongere uruhu rwakonje mukuzenguruka amazi ashyushye kuri dogere selisiyusi 37 kugeza kuri 39 (dogere 98,6 kugeza kuri 102.2 Fahrenheit): **
3. Shira intoki, ukuboko, cyangwa ikirenge cyakonje mukibase cyamazi gisukuye gipimwa na termometero (cyangwa hamwe ninkokora yawe idakomeretse kuburyo wumva ushushe umubiri, ** utigeze ushyuha **) kuminota ** 15 kugeza 30 ** kugeza igihe ibara ryera, ibishashara, urutare rukomeye ruhinduka umutuku / umutuku kandi byoroshye; reba hypothermia hamwe n'ubukonje.
4. ** Ntuzigere usiga cyangwa ukanda massage ya kirogenique, ** kandi ntuzigere ufata amaboko akonje hejuru ya laboratoire ya Bunsen, radiator, cyangwa amazi ashyushye hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 42 (dogere 108 Fahrenheit), kuko ingirangingo zafunitse zifite umuriro mwinshi utabanje kubyumva.
5. ** Cryogenic yamenetse mumaso: ** Hita uhanagura ijisho rifunguye ukoresheje uruzi rworoheje rwumunyu wa sterile salile cyangwa amazi meza ya robine kuri sitasiyo yijisho ryiminota ** 15, ntuzigere ureka uwahohotewe amukubite amaso, kandi utwikire amaso yombi yiziritse hamwe nudukariso twa sterile kugirango uhite ujyanwa kwa muganga wamaso; reba ibikomere by'amaso.
6. ** Witege ububabare bukabije hamwe na blisti isobanutse / hemorhagie mugihe cyo kwisubiramo: ** Wuzuze imibare yongeye gushyirwaho neza hamwe na gaze ya sterile yumye yashyizwe hagati ya buri rutoki, ntuzigere uvuza ibisebe bya kirogenike, hanyuma ujyane mu kigo cyaka (ibikomere bya kirogenike bicungwa n’ibice byabugenewe byabugenewe).

Amashanyarazi ya Acetylene flashback, kubora imbere, hamwe numuriro wa ogisijeni¶

1. Igihe cyo gufata igihe cya silinderi ishyushye ya acetylene¶

Bitandukanye na ogisijeni, azote, cyangwa silinderi ya argon, ni ibishishwa by'ibyuma byuzuye byuzuye gaze, ** acetylene ($ C_2H_2 $) ** ntabwo ihindagurika mu buryo bwa shimi kandi irashobora guturika ubwayo nta mwuka cyangwa ogisijeni iyo ihagaritswe nka gaze yubusa hejuru ya ** 1.03 kugeza kuri 2.0 bar (15 kugeza 29 psi) **. Kugirango ubike acetylene neza imbere muri silinderi yo gusudira kuri bar 17 (250 psi), imbere ya silinderi ya acetylene yapakiwe neza rwose kuva hejuru kugeza hasi hamwe na sima ya sima isa na monolithic yuzuye hamwe na ** acetone y'amazi ** (cyangwa DMF solvent), aho gaze ya acetylene ishonga nka karubone mumacupa ya soda.

Nyamara, ibintu bibiri byihutirwa birashobora gukurura ibintu bitera imbaraga, bikomeza kwikuramo imbere muri silindiri ya acetylene:

• ** Amashanyarazi yaka muri silinderi: ** Niba itara rya oxy-acetylene ikata cyangwa yo gusudira idakora abafata flashback ikora flashback (aho urumuri rugenda rusubira inyuma hejuru yumutuku wa acetylene), cyangwa niba silinderi ihuye numuriro wakazi wo hanze cyangwa ikamanuka bikabije, acetylene iri imbere ya silinderi itangira kubora muri karubone ikomeye (soot) na hydrogène imbere.
• ** Kuki gufunga valve bidahagarika guturika: ** Kuberako kubora kwa acetylene bisaba ** ogisijeni ya zeru **, niyo waba ufunze valve ya silinderi burundu, reaction yo kubora imiti irashobora gukomeza kurya inzira gahoro gahoro ikoresheje misa yimbere imbere ya silinderi yicyuma ifunze kumasaha ** kugeza 24 kugeza **, kuzamura umuvuduko wimbere no koroshya urukuta rwicyuma kugeza silinderi iturika nkibisasu biturika cyane.

Nigute ushobora kumenya niba silindiri ya acetylene ibora, nicyo gukora¶

1. ** Amasegonda 2 yambere nyuma yo gucana itara: ** Niba itara rya oxy-acetylene ryamamaye cyane, ifirimbi, cyangwa risohora umwotsi wumukara kuva hejuru, uhite ufunga itara rya ogisijeni ya feri, funga icyuma cya peteroli, kandi, ** gusa niba ushobora kugera kuri silinderi ako kanya kandi umubiri wa silinderi ukumva ukonje rwose kubiganza byambaye ubusa **, funga acili ya silindini.
2. ** Ibimenyetso by'akaga ko kubora imbere (NTIWEMERE CYANGWA UKORA): **
3. Umubiri wibyuma bya silindiri ya acetylene wumva ** ushyushye cyangwa ushushe ** (cyangwa irangi ritose / amazi kumashanyarazi cyangwa akuma mubice).
4. Silinderi isohora ** ituje imbere imbere, gutontoma, cyangwa kunyeganyega **.
5. Guhunga gaze binuka cyane nka ** tungurusumu ziboze, acetone ikarishye, cyangwa izitwikwa **.
6. Amacomeka yicyuma (kuri silinderi yo muri Amerika ya ruguru) arashonga akarasa indege yumuriro cyangwa soot yumukara.
7. ** Gahunda yo kwimuka ako kanya kuri silinderi ishyushye cyangwa yaka: **
8. ** NTUKIGERE ugerageza gufata, kuzunguruka, cyangwa gutwara silinderi ishyushye ya acetylene hanze.
9. ** Kwimura abantu bose muri zone yo guhezwa byibuze metero 100 kugeza 300 (metero 330 kugeza 1.000) ** inyuma yububiko bukomeye hanyuma uhamagare 911/112/999.
10. Serivisi ishinzwe kuzimya umuriro izashyiraho monitor ya ** idafite abadereva ** inyuma yigitwikirizo kugirango itobore igikonjo cya silinderi ubudahwema hamwe n’amazi akonje cyane mu gihe cyamasaha 24 (kugenzura ukoresheje kamera yerekana amashusho yumuriro hamwe n "ikizamini cyo kumisha amazi" kugeza igihe icyuma kizakomeza gukonja mugihe cyisaha imwe amazi amaze guhagarara).

2. Umuvuduko ukabije wa ogisijeni Adiabatic kwikuramo no guturika amavuta¶

Ntuzigere ushyira igitonyanga na kimwe cyamavuta ya peteroli, amavuta, WD-40, Vaseline, cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga amavuta kuri valve ya silindiri ya ogisijeni, igenzura ryumuvuduko, cyangwa ikigega cya ogisijeni yibitaro gikwiye, kandi ntuzigere ufungura umuvuduko mwinshi wa ogisijeni ya silinderi yihuta mugihe uhagaze imbere yipima:

• Iyo bar-150-200-bar (2200-kugeza 3000-psi) ya silindiri ya ogisijeni yamenetse ifunguye vuba, ogisijeni yumuvuduko ukabije wikubita mu mwobo wanyuma wumucungamutungo wumuringa nka piston, igahagarika gaze imbere byihuse kuburyo ubushyuhe bwayo bwihuta bukagera kuri dogere selisiyusi ** kugeza kuri 1,470 ** (**30)
• Imbere ya 100 ku ijana ya ogisijeni ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kuri dogere selisiyusi 600, ndetse na microscopique isiga amavuta yo gutunga urutoki, amavuta ya hydrocarubone, cyangwa kashe idahwitse y’imbere mu micungire y’umuriro irashya cyane, igashonga umubiri ugenzura imiringa mu muriro w’icyuma gishyushye kandi ugahita ugenzura mu kirahure mu maso no mu gituza.
• ** Amategeko yo gufungura silindiri ya okisijene itekanye ("Kata buhoro, uhagarare kuruhande"): ** Buri gihe ugenzure insinga za ogisijeni ukoresheje amaboko asukuye, adafite amavuta, genzura neza ko T-screw igenzura igitutu gishyigikiwe inzira yose isohoka (irekuye), ihagarare ** kuruhande rwa silinderi kugirango umubiri wumuringa wumuringa uri hagati yawe hamwe nikirahure cyumubyimba uhagarike buhoro buhoro **

Urutonde rwa gaze hamwe na cryogenic umutekano urutonde¶

Kugenzura amahugurwa yawe, ivuriro, igikoni, cyangwa laboratoire ukurikije aya mahame atanu ateganijwe yumutekano:

• ** Kurinda silinderi ihagaritse kuri point ebyiri (cyangwa hejuru ya kimwe cya gatatu) hamwe n'iminyururu cyangwa imishumi iremereye, yaba yuzuye cyangwa irimo ubusa: ** Ntuzigere usiga silinderi yidegembya idahambiriye hasi, imizigo yikuramo, cyangwa igare, nubwo mumasegonda 30 mugihe uhindura tanki. Komeza icyuma kiremereye cyuma kirinda icyuma gikingira kuri silinderi igihe cyose cyimuwe cyangwa kidahujwe nubuyobozi.
• ** Reba umugozi uhuza CGA / ISO, ntuzigere ukoresha adaptate cyangwa kaseti ya Teflon kumutwe ugororotse: ** Buri muryango wa gazi ukoresha geometrie itandukanye, idahinduka ya valve outlet geometrie (nka CGA 540 kuri ogisijeni, CGA 580 kuri inert argon / azote, CGA 510 ihinduranya-ya acetylene). Ntuzigere uhatira kugenzura ibintu bidahuye kuri silinderi, ntuzigere ukoresha imashini zikozwe mu muringa zakozwe mu rugo kugira ngo uhuze ibiyobora lisansi n'ikigega cya ogisijeni, kandi ntuzigere uzinga kaseti ya PTFE ya plumber ku cyicaro cya CGA bullnose (gusa insinga zometse ku mbaho ​​zifata kaseti ya ogisijeni).
• ** Shyiramo ibyuma bifata flashback NA rever-flux igenzura kumatara yose ya oxy-lisansi: ** Shyiramo abashinzwe gufata flame-gufata ibyuma byafashwe na flasback itagira umwanda kuri ** isohoka ryombi rya ogisijeni hamwe nigitutu cya peteroli ** (usibye na feri ya feri yo kugenzura) kugirango uhagarike urumuri rutagera kuri hose cyangwa silinderi ya acetylene.
• ** Shyiramo ibyumba bya kirogenike hamwe na Monitori ikomeza ya Oxygene (ODMs) hamwe numuriro wo hasi: ** Shyiramo monibitori ya ogisijeni yo mu byiciro bibiri (iteye ubwoba kuri 19.5 ku ijana na 18.0 ku ijana $ O_2 $) hamwe na strobe yo hanze hamwe n'ihembe hanze y'umuryango wa buri cyumba cya azote cyuzuye cyangwa ukagenda muri $ CO_2 $ ikonjesha ikarishye. inkinzo yuzuye-yuzuye, hamwe nipantaro idafite isanduku itwikiriye hejuru yinkweto zifunze mugihe usuka $ LN_2 $.
• ** Irinde gutwara ibinyabiziga bifunze bifunze bya silinderi hamwe na barafu yumye / LN2: ** Ntuzigere utwara azote ya azote ya Dewar, agasanduku nini k'urubura rwumye, cyangwa ikigega cya acetylene / propane kitavumbuwe imbere mu kabari k'abagenzi b'imodoka ifunze cyangwa SUV ifite amadirishya hejuru. Kugenda buhoro buhoro kumeneka cyangwa guteka $ LN_2 $ imbere mumodoka ifunze birashobora guhumeka umushoferi kumuvuduko wumuhanda cyangwa gutwika imbere mumodoka ako kanya feri ya feri cyangwa amashanyarazi ya buto ya arcs.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Bigenda bite mubyukuri iyo valve y'umuringa ivunitse hejuru yikigega cyuzuye cyo gusudira cyangwa scuba?¶

Amashanyarazi yuzuye ya gaze yuzuye inganda (nka welding argon, azote, cyangwa ogisijeni) cyangwa ikigega cya aluminium scuba kirimo gaze ikanda kuri bar 150 kugeza 300 (psi 2200 kugeza 4500 psi). Niba silinderi iguye idafite icyuma kirinda ibyuma kandi ikanogosha umuringa ku ijosi, gaze irahunga ikoresheje milimetero 15 (0,6-santimetero) zifungura ku muvuduko udasanzwe, ikabyara toni zirenga 4000 (900 pound) za roketi. Uku gusunika kwihutisha kilo 70 (155 pound) silinderi y'icyuma hejuru cyangwa kunyura mu kirere kuri metero zirenga 50 ku isegonda (ibirometero 110 mu isaha), byoroshye kwinjira mu rukuta ruzitira inzitizi, inzugi z'ibyuma, n'imibiri y'ibinyabiziga mbere yo gusiba amafaranga mu masegonda 30 kugeza kuri 90. Ntuzigere ugerageza gufata cyangwa gukandagira kuri silinderi hamwe na valve yangiritse; fata igifuniko cyihuse inyuma ya beto iremereye cyangwa ibyuma kugeza indege ihagaze burundu.

Kuki abantu banyura muri azote yuzuye cyangwa argon yamenetse batigeze bumva ko bahumeka?¶

Umubiri wawe uhinduka uhumeka hamwe numutima uteye ubwoba w "inzara yumuyaga" (guhumeka) uterwa ahanini nubwiyongere bwa dioxyde de carbone ($ CO_2 $) mumaraso yawe, ntabwo biterwa no kubura ogisijeni. Iyo isukari ya azote cyangwa argon itetse muri gaze imbere mucyumba gifunze, yimura ogisijeni mu kirere mugihe ikwemerera guhumeka azote itagira impumuro nziza no gusohora umwuka wa karuboni yawe bisanzwe. Kuberako urugero rwa karuboni ya dioxyde iguma hasi, urumva ari ibisanzwe rwose kandi neza, burigihe kugeza urugero rwa ogisijeni mubwonko bwawe igabanutse cyane kuburyo utakaza ubwenge utaburiye nyuma yo guhumeka rimwe cyangwa bibiri (munsi yamasegonda 15). Ntuzigere winjira mucyumba gifite kirogenike yamenetse kugirango utabare umuntu utazi ubwenge udafite ibikoresho byo guhumeka wenyine (SCBA).

Kuki silinderi ya acetylene ishobora guturika nyuma yamasaha amaze kuzimya?¶

Bitandukanye n’indi myuka ya lisansi nka propane cyangwa metani, acetylene ($ C_2H_2 $) ni imiti ya endothermic chimique ishobora gucika mo gaze karubone na hydrogène mugihe irekura ubushyuhe bwinshi bwimbere, idakeneye umwuka cyangwa ogisijeni namba. Niba itara ryaka ryongeye gusubira muri silinderi ya acetylene, cyangwa niba silinderi ishyutswe numuriro uri hafi, iyi reaction yo kubora irashobora gutangirira imbere hejuru ya silinderi. Nubwo wahita ufunga valve ya silinderi kugirango hatagira gaze ihunga kandi nta mwuka winjira, umuyaga urashobora gukomeza kugenda gahoro gahoro imbere imbere yicyuma gifunze amasaha menshi kugeza igihe umuvuduko wimbere uturika silinderi bikabije. Niba ikigega cya acetylene cyigeze cyumva gishyushye gukoraho, gusakuza imbere, cyangwa kunuka nka tungurusumu nyuma yo kugaruka, ubireke aho biri, wimure metero 100 kugeza 300 (metero 330 kugeza 1.000), hanyuma uhamagare ishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro.

Ni ukubera iki ari bibi cyane kubona amavuta cyangwa amavuta kubuvuzi bwa ogisijeni bwo kwa muganga cyangwa gusudira?¶

Umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni ku muvuduko mwinshi (150 kugeza 200 bar / 2200 kugeza 3.000 psi) ugabanya cyane ubushyuhe bwo gutwika hydrocarubone iyo ari yo yose, harimo amavuta ya moteri, amavuta, WD-40, amavuta yo kwisiga, hamwe na peteroli ya peteroli. Byongeye kandi, iyo ufunguye silindiri ya ogisijeni, gaze yumuvuduko mwinshi yihutira kunyura mu gice gito cyapfuye kandi ikagabanya gaze yafashwe ku buryo ubushyuhe buri mu muringa bukwiranye na dogere selisiyusi 500 (dogere 930 Fahrenheit) muri milisegonda (bizwi nka compression adiabatic). Niba ndetse n'akabuto gato k'amavuta cyangwa amavuta ahari ku nsanganyamatsiko cyangwa ku ntebe ya valve, ihita ikongeza ako kanya imbere muri ogisijeni isukuye, igashyiraho umuringa n'ibyuma by'ubugenzuzi ubwayo ku muriro bigatuma igenzura riturika.

• Aka gatabo gatanga umutekano wihutirwa namakuru yubufasha bwambere kuri gaze yugarijwe na kirogenike yihutirwa kandi ntisimbuza ibikoresho byangiritse byemewe, gusudira, cyangwa amahugurwa yumutekano wa laboratoire. Tekereza gufata ubufasha bwambere hamwe namasomo ya CPR muri Croix-Rouge, Ambulance ya St John, cyangwa umuryango wigisha ubuvuzi bwihutirwa. *

Kuyobora¶

• Umwanya uhagije wo guhumeka: manholes, silos, na tank
• Hypothermia na frostbite ubufasha bwambere
• Imiti yamenetse nibikoresho byangiza
• Gukomeretsa kw'amaso no kumena imiti
• Gutwika no gutwika ubufasha bwambere
• Gukomeretsa ku kazi n'impanuka zo mu nganda

Inkomoko yagenzuwe¶

• Ishyirahamwe rya gazi zifunitse (CGA, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika): Igitabo c'imyuka ihumanye hamwe no gufata neza imyuka ihumanye mu bikoresho (Agatabo P-1) hamwe no gufata neza amazi ya Cryogenic (Agatabo P-12)
• Ishyirahamwe ry’imyuka yo mu Bwongereza (BCGA, Ubwongereza) hamwe n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ubuzima n’umutekano (HSE, Ubwongereza): Gukoresha neza Cylinders ya Gasegereti (INDG306) no Gukorana neza na Acetylene (INDG327)
• Ikigo cy’iperereza muri Amerika gishinzwe umutekano n’ibiza (CSB, Amerika): Ibyago by’umutekano wa Azote Asphyxiation (No 2003-10-B)
• Ishyirahamwe ry’imyuka y’inganda mu Burayi (EIGA): Gucunga ibyabaye bya Acetylene Cylinder hamwe no guhagarika Adiabatic muri Oxygene.
• Ubuyobozi bushinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima (OSHA, Amerika): Imyuka ya gaze isabwa muri rusange (29 CFR 1910.101) hamwe na Oxygene-lisansi yo gusudira no gukata (29 CFR 1910.253)