Reba gukaraba, kwiba amabaruwa yibwe uburiganya, hamwe na cheque ya kashi¶

Impapuro zo kugenzura impapuro zimaze kwiyongera ku isi hose kubera ko impeta z'abagizi ba nabi zateguwe zisahura agasanduku k'iposita, amabahasha y'amafi mu dusanduku two gukusanya ubururu bwa USPS, no kwiba urufunguzo rw'amaposita. Ukoresheje acetone cyangwa imashini yo murugo kugirango ushireho irangi rishingiye kumabara, inzira izwi nka ** kugenzura koza **, abajura bahanagura izina ryumushahara n’amafaranga y’amadolari kuri cheque yawe yashyizweho umukono mugihe bagumanye umukono wawe wukuri, wongere wandike cheque yamadorari 5,000 kugeza 25.000 yishyurwa kuri "amafaranga yinyumbu", cyangwa ukoreshe inzira zawe na numero za konti zanditse kumurongo wa MICR. Ku rundi ruhande, niba sheki wohereje kuri IRS, nyirinzu, cyangwa umucuruzi yibwe kandi akayishyura n’umujura, cyangwa niba washyize sheki y’impimbano ku muguzi wa interineti cyangwa ku kazi k’impimbano, uhura na konti ya banki ihita ihagarikwa, amafaranga asigaye, hamwe n’ibisabwa gukusanya banki.

Bitandukanye n'ikarita yo kubikuza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa elegitoronike cyangwa ihererekanyabubasha rya ACH (bigengwa n’amabwiriza agenga E), kugenzura impapuro bigengwa na ** Ingingo ya 3 n'iya 4 zo mu gitabo cy’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi (UCC) ** muri Amerika, Amategeko y’imishinga y’ivunjisha ** muri Kanada no mu Bwongereza, hamwe na ** Amabwiriza CC (Amategeko yihuse yo kuboneka) **. Muri UCC, banki yawe irasabwa rwose gusubiza konte yawe kumikono mpimbano, sheki zahinduwe (zogejwe), hamwe nimpapuro zabigenewe, mugihe wujuje igihe ntarengwa cyo kumenyeshwa n'amategeko kandi uhatira banki ya drawee na banki yo kubitsa kubahiriza ibyemezo byabo byemewe n'amategeko.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Hagarika konte yo kugenzura yahise uhita ufungura konti isimbuye isukuye: ** Hamagara ishami rya banki ishinzwe uburiganya cyangwa usure ishami ryumubiri uyumunsi. Kuberako buri mpapuro zerekana numero yawe yuzuye yo kugenzura no kugenzura nimero ya konte kumurongo wanyuma wa magnetiki (MICR), cheque imwe yibwe yemerera abagizi ba nabi gucapa sheki zimpimbano zitagira imipaka no gutangiza imyenda ya ACH itemewe. Shira ** Gukonjesha gukomeye / Post-No-Kugenzura Block ** kuri konti yangiritse, fungura konti nshya-yo kugenzura ifite numero ya konti nshya, hanyuma wohereze gusa amafaranga asigaranye atabaruwe.
2. ** Kuramo amashusho yimbere-yinyuma yerekana cheque yuburiganya: ** Injira kumurongo wamabanki kumurongo hanyuma ubike PDF cyangwa ishusho byombi ** imbere ** (werekana izina ryishyuwe ryogejwe / ryahinduwe, umubare wamadorari wahinduwe, cyangwa umukono wimpimbano) hamwe na ** inyuma ** (werekana umukono wibyemezo, kashe yo kubitsa kuri banki ya banki **, kubitsa kuri banki ya banki **
3. ** Kora noteri wa noteri "Icyemezo cya cheque Fraud / Impimbano / Guhindura" kuri banki yawe: ** Ukurikije amategeko agenga ubucuruzi (UCC) § 4-401, banki irashobora kwishyuza konti yawe yo kugenzura ibintu ** byishyurwa neza. Saba ko banki yawe itanga ** Impapuro zemeza ko mpimbano / Guhindura ** (cyangwa ** Itangazo ryigihombo **), kuyisinyira imbere ya noteri wa banki, hanyuma ugasaba guhita wishyura amafaranga yibwe hiyongereyeho amafaranga yose yatanzwe.
4. ** Tanga Serivisi ishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’amaposita yo muri Amerika (USPIS) Raporo y’ubujura bw’iposita na Raporo y’abapolisi baho: ** Niba sheki yoherejwe binyuze muri sisitemu y’amaposita, hita utanga raporo y’ubujura bw’amabaruwa hamwe na serivisi ishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’amaposita muri Amerika (USPIS) kuri uspis.gov/report cyangwa 1-877-876-2455 **; nimero yihutirwa). Tanga nimero zombi muri banki yawe no ku wishyuye wishyuye.
5. ** Menyesha uwagenewe kwishyurwa (IRS, ikigo gishinzwe imisoro, ibikorwa, cyangwa umucuruzi) mu nyandiko bityo ibihano bitinze bikurwaho: ** Niba sheki wohereje kuri IRS, ikigo cy’imisoro ya Leta, umukozi w’inguzanyo, cyangwa nyir'inzu wibwe ukamesa muri posita, ohereza uwishyuwe kopi y’ishusho ya sheki yogejwe, hamwe na raporo y’ubujura bwa banki ukoresheje impapuro zerekana ko wishyuye, hamwe na banki yawe. Munsi ya ** IRS Imfashanyigisho yimbere mu gihugu (IRM) 20.1.1.3.2 (Impamvu ifatika) **, yerekana ko cheque yimisoro yoherejwe mugihe cyafashwe kandi yogejwe nabajura ba posita bikwemerera kureka burundu ibihano byo kwishyura bitinze.
6. ** Niba warashize kubitsa cheque yimpimbano ya Cashier, NTUGASUBIZE cyangwa ngo wohereze amafaranga, hanyuma wimenyekanishe muri banki yawe mbere yuko sheki itangira: ** Niba umuguzi, subletter, cyangwa "umukoresha wa kure" yakoherereje cheque yumubitsi kumafaranga arenze ayo bumvikanyeho akagusaba gukoresha insinga, Zelle, cyangwa kugura amakarita yimpano hamwe namafaranga "yiyongereye", ** hagarara ako kanya **. Nubwo porogaramu ya banki yawe ivuga ko amafaranga "Ahari," Amabwiriza CC arasaba amabanki kurekura amafaranga yaboneka mugihe cyumunsi 1 kugeza 2 mugihe cheque yumubitsi wibinyoma ifata ** iminsi 5 kugeza 14 yakazi ** kugirango isubire inyuma mububiko bwa Banki nkuru yigihugu. Kureka 100 ku ijana by'amafaranga adakorwa kuri konti hanyuma umenyeshe umuyobozi w'ishami rya banki yawe mu nyandiko ko ukeka ko sheki wabitse ari impimbano bityo ntibagushyirireho uburiganya cyangwa ngo bakumenyeshe ChexSystems.

flowchart TD
    Incident["Impapuro Kugenzura Uburiganya cyangwa Cashier Kugenzura Ikibazo"] --> Scenario{"1.Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'igenzura ryihutirwa ryabaye?"}
    Scenario -->|A. Check You Wrote Was Washed/Altered or Counterfeited| Maker["UCC § 4-401 & § 3-407: Ikintu ntabwo cyishyuwe neza | Funga Konti, Shyira umukono kuri Banki Yimpinduka / Impimbano, & Gusaba Inguzanyo Yuzuye"]
    Scenario -->|B. Check Mailed to You (or by You) Was Stolen & Cashed by Thief (Forged Endorsement)| Endorse["UCC § 4-208 Kutubahiriza garanti yo kwerekana: Banki ya Drawee igomba gukuramo amafaranga yatanzwe na banki yo kubitsa abajura | Uwishyuwe aracyafite umwenda ushingiye (UCC § 3-310)"]
    Scenario -->|C. You Deposited a Fake Cashier's Check (Overpayment / Mystery Shopper / Job Scam)| FakeCheck["Reg CC Umutego Kuboneka: Ntugakore cyangwa ngo wohereze amafaranga ayo ari yo yose | Kwiyitirira Raporo ya Banki Ako kanya & Gutongana ChexSystems Yirabura"]
    Scenario -->|D. Legitimate Cashier's Check Was Lost or Stolen in Mail| LostCashier["UCC § 3-312 Itangazo ryigihombo: Ikirego gisaba dosiye hamwe na banki itanga (iminsi 90 yo kubahiriza amategeko nyuma yigihe cyo gutanga)"]
    Maker --> Reports["2. Dosiye Raporo Yubujura Bw’amabaruwa (USPIS 1-877-876-2455)"]
    Endorse --> Reports
    FakeCheck --> Reports
    LostCashier --> Reports
    Reports --> Escalate["3."]

Amategeko agenga ubucuruzi bumwe (UCC Ingingo ya 3 n'iya 4): Ninde uryozwa amategeko kubera uburiganya?¶

Abakozi ba banki bambere hamwe nabakozi bahamagaye bakunze kubwira abahohotewe na cheque: * "Kubera ko uwo ariwo mukono wawe nyawo munsi ya sheki, cyangwa kubera ko umujura yabishyize muyindi banki, ntidushobora gusubiza amafaranga yawe kugeza igihe andi mabanki ayasubije." * ** Ayo magambo arenga ku mategeko agenga ubucuruzi bumwe. **

Dore uburyo nyabwo butangwa muburyo buteganijwe n'amategeko ** ** UCC Ingingo ya 3 na 4 ** (yemejwe mumategeko ya leta muri leta zose z’Amerika 50) hamwe n’ibingana n’amahanga (** Umushinga w’ivunjisha ** muri Kanada no mu Bwongereza):

Byagenda bite se niba sheki wohereje kuri fagitire (cyangwa sheki yaweherejwe) yibwe muri posita?¶

Ubujura bwa posita butera ikibazo cyimpande zombi zemewe hagati ya ** Kohereza (Drawer) ** na ** Uwakiriye (Payee) **:

Urugero rwa 1: Kohereje cheque kuri IRS, Umusoresha wumutungo, nyirinzu, cyangwa umucuruzi, hamwe numujura yibye arakaraba¶

Dufate ko wohereje sheki y'amadorari 4000 kuri IRS cyangwa nyirinzu ku ya 10 Mata. Umujura aroba ibahasha mu isanduku yo gukusanya USPS, yoza sheki kugira ngo yandike "$ 9,000 yishyurwa John Doe," maze arayishyura. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri, uhura nibihe bibiri byihutirwa icyarimwe: (1) $ 9,000 yabuze kuri konte yawe yo kugenzura, KANDI (2) Ikigo cy'imisoro n'amahoro kiguherereza integuza ivuga ko utigeze wishyura amadorari 4000.

Dore amategeko na protocole nyayo ya triage:

• ** Muri UCC § 3-310 (b), umwenda wawe wishyuye kuri fagitire NTIBISOHORA kugeza igihe nyirubwite yakiriye kandi akishyura sheki: ** Kubera ko umujura yahagaritse sheki mu iposita mbere yuko fagitire yakira akayiganiraho, mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko uracyafite amadolari 4000 y'amanyamerika ashingiye kuri IRS cyangwa nyirinzu.
• ** Nigute ushobora kubona amafaranga yatinze, inyungu, nibihano by'imisoro byavanyweho: ** Ntukishyure gusa amafaranga yatinze. Ohereza Ikigo cy'imisoro n'amahoro, umutozakori, cyangwa nyirinzu nyirizina ** Impamvu Yimpamvu Yimpamvu Yibihano Abatement Package ** ikubiyemo: (a) fotokopi yimbere ninyuma ya cheque yogejwe kurubuga rwa banki yawe (menya ko kuri cheque yogejwe, numero yawe ya cheque yawe yambere, urugero, Kugenzura # 1042, numurongo wawe wa memo cyangwa itariki yawe ikomeza kugaragara, byerekana ko wanditse Kugenzura # 1042) Raporo **, na © Banki yawe ya ** Icyemezo cyo Guhindura **. Ishami ry’imisoro n’ishami ry’imisoro ya Leta risanzwe rigabanya 100 ku ijana by’ibihano bitishyuwe iyo byerekanwe amashusho ya banki ya sheki yogejwe.

Urugero rwa 2: Isosiyete y'Ubwishingizi, Umukoresha, Umukiriya, cyangwa Ikigo gishinzwe imisoro bohereje sheki kuri wewe, kandi Umujura yarayitwaye.¶

Dufate ko isosiyete yubwishingizi cyangwa umukiriya bakoherereje sheki ya $ 10,000, umujura w’iposita akwiba mu gasanduku kawe, ahimba umukono wawe inyuma, awushyira kuri konti y’uburiganya. Iyo uhamagaye isosiyete yohereje sheki, baravuga bati: * "Banki yacu yerekana ko sheki yatanzwe, bityo inshingano zacu kuri wewe zishyuwe byuzuye." *

• ** Vuga UCC § 3-310 (b) (4) na § 3-420: ** Bwira ishami ryohereje mu by'amategeko / ibaruramari mu nyandiko ko kubera ko sheki yibwe mbere yo kukugezaho (cyangwa yishyuwe ku mpimbano mpimbano), ** umwenda wabo wibanze kuri wowe ntiwigeze usohoka muri UCC § 3-310 **, kandi banki yabo igomba kwishura konti yabo kandi ikishyura amafaranga yatanzwe na banki ya banki ya banki. Na none, niba koko sheki yageze kumasanduku yawe ya posita mbere yo kwibwa, ** UCC § 3-420 ** iguha impamvu itaziguye iteganijwe yo kurega ** Guhindura ibikoresho ** kurwanya banki yabikijwe yemeye ibihimbano.

Kurokoka uburiganya bwa cheque ya Cashier (Amafaranga yishyuwe menshi, akazi k'impimbano, cyangwa uburiganya bwabaguzi kumurongo)¶

Buri munsi, abaguzi b'inyangamugayo n'abaterankunga bagwa mu mutego wa ** Igenzura ry'amafaranga y'impimbano / Uburiganya bukabije **:

• Ugurisha imodoka, uburiri, cyangwa kamera kumurongo (cyangwa wemera akazi ka kure "umufasha wubutegetsi / umuguzi wamayobera", cyangwa kugurisha inzu), kandi umuguzi / umukoresha akwoherereza cheque ya ** Cashier isa neza (cyangwa ikakubwira gucapa imeri yoherejwe kuri imeri kubitsa kuri terefone) kuri ** $ 3.500 ** mugihe wari ufite umwenda ** $ 500 **.
• Bakubwira gushira sheki kuri konte yawe ya banki kandi, porogaramu yawe ya banki ikimara kwerekana amadorari 3.500 nka ** "Amafaranga aboneka" ** bukeye bwaho, kugirango wire, Zelle, cyangwa ugure amakarita yimpano yinyongera ** $ 3000 ** kugirango wishure "uwimuka," "umukozi wohereza," cyangwa "umucuruzi wa software."
• Icyumweru kimwe, sheki ya kashi irasubira inyuma nka ** 100% mpimbano **. Banki yawe ihinduye amadolari 3.500 yose, usize konti yawe yo kugenzura ** itari nziza - $ 3.000 **, ihagarika konti zawe zose, isaba ko wishyurwa byihuse, kandi ikanaguha urutonde kuri ** ChexSystems na Serivisi zo kuburira hakiri kare (EWS) ** kuri "Gukoresha Konti / Gukekwaho Uburiganya" mumyaka 5.

Impamvu "Amafaranga Yaboneka" NTIBISobanura ko cheque ifite "Cleared" (Amabwiriza CC Umutego)¶

Mu mategeko ya federasiyo ya ** Yihuta yo Kuboneka (Amabwiriza CC, 12 C.F.R. Igice cya 229) **, amabanki yo muri Amerika arasabwa byemewe n'amategeko gukora amadolari ya mbere 225 kugeza kuri $ 275 yo kubitsa sheki aboneka kumunsi wakazi utaha, ahasigaye sheki isanzwe iboneka mugihe cyiminsi 2 yakazi **, kandi kugeza kuri ** $ 5.525 ya cheque ya Cashier ** iboneka kumunsi wakazi **.

Ariko, ** amafaranga aboneka ntabwo ari cheque yanyuma yo gukemura **. Bifata ** iminsi 5 kugeza 14 yakazi ** (kandi kugeza ibyumweru byinshi kugirango ihuriro ryinguzanyo cyangwa imishinga yo mumahanga) kugirango ishusho ya cheque yumubiri / elegitoronike igende muri Banki nkuru yigihugu kuri banki yitwa ko itanga impapuro, imenyekane nkimpimbano, hanyuma ugaruke utishyuwe. Munsi ya ** UCC § 4-214 (Uburenganzira bwo kwishyurwa-Inyuma) **, wowe (uwabitsa) wishyura 100 ku ijana byinshingano mugihe cheque wabitse isubizwa utishyuwe, kabone niyo umubitsi wa banki yakubwiye kuri konti ko sheki "isa neza" cyangwa "yakuweho."

Ibihe byihutirwa-Kugenzura Porotokole niba usanzwe ubitsa cheque yibinyoma¶

1. ** Niba utarigeze wohereza amafaranga ayo ari yo yose kubashuka: ** Kureka buri dorari imwe yabikijwe idakorwa kuri konte yawe kugirango mugihe banki ihinduye cheque yamadorari 3.500 muminsi mike, amadolari 3.500 nyayo aricara kugirango yinjize amafaranga atarinze kohereza konti yawe nabi. Injira mumashami yumubiri uyumunsi, saba Umuyobozi wishami, ubahe inyandiko yanditse ivuga ko wamenye ko umuguzi / umukoresha wohereje sheki ari uburiganya, hanyuma ubasabe gushyira kubushake kubushake bwamafaranga kugirango konte yawe idashyizwe ahagaragara nka konte yibeshya.
2. ** Niba URI WESE watsindiye, Zel, cyangwa wohereje amakarita yimpano mbere yuko cheque itangira: **
3. ** Mu masaha 24 yumurongo: ** Kurikiza byihutirwa SWIFT / Fedwire yibutsa protocole ako kanya (reba ubuyobozi bwacu kuri imitungo itimukanwa ifunga insinga na banki yihutirwa yibutsa protocole). Niba waguze amakarita yimpano (Apple, Target, Home Depot, Razer Zahabu), hamagara umurongo utanga ikarita yimpano kumurongo wibihimbano hamwe nimero yikarita kugirango uhagarike amafaranga yose atakoreshejwe kurikarita.
4. ** Irinde urutonde rwabagizi ba nabi / uburiganya kuri ChexSystems na EWS: ** Iyo sheki yimpimbano isebye kandi igasiga konte yawe nabi - $ 3.000, algorithm yumutekano wa banki ikunze kwibwira ko * wacapye sheki yimpimbano kandi ugafunga konti yawe hamwe na ** ChexSystems "Ukekwaho uburiganya" ** (bikubuza gufungura konti yo kugenzura kuri banki iyo ari yo yose mumyaka 5). Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, tanga ** Ubujura bw'indangamuntu / Raporo y'Uburiganya **, Raporo ya ** FBI IC3 (ic3.gov. Garagaza ko wabaye ** wahohotewe n’abandi bantu **, vugana na ** amezi 12 kugeza 24 y’amezi gahunda yo kwishyura inyungu zeru ** kugira ngo usigare nabi, hanyuma utange ** Amategeko y’inguzanyo yatanzwe (FCRA) Impaka ** kuri ChexSystems (chexsystems.com) na Serivisi zo Kuburira hakiri kare (earlywarning.com) gukuraho inyandiko iyo ari yo yose "Uburiganya".

Byagenda bite mugihe cheque yemewe ya Cashier, cheque yemejwe, cyangwa amafaranga yatakaye cyangwa yibwe?¶

Bitandukanye na cheque yumuntu ku giti cye, ntushobora gushyira gusa itegeko risanzwe ryo guhagarika-kwishura kuri cheque ya Cashier, sheki yemewe, cyangwa sheki yabaguzi ** imaze gutangwa, kubera ko cheque yumubitsi ari inshingano itaziguye yemejwe na banki itanga ubwayo (UCC § 4-403 Igitekerezo cya 4).

Niba cheque yukuri 20.000 $ (urugero, kubwinzu yishyuye mbere cyangwa kugura imodoka) yatakaye cyangwa yibwe muri posita, ugomba gukoresha uburyo bwihariye buteganywa n amategeko ya ** Unode yubucuruzi (UCC) § 3-312 ("Sheki yatakaye, yangiritse, cyangwa yibwe cheque, cheque yabatanga, cyangwa cheque yemewe") **:

1. ** Tanga inyandiko yemewe "Itangazo ry'igihombo" Muri UCC § 3-312: ** Menyesha banki itanga ako kanya hanyuma ukore icyemezo cyarahiye ** Itangazo ry'igihombo ** uhanishwa igihano cy'ikinyoma kivuga ko (a) wari ufite sheki (cyangwa ufite uburenganzira bwo kuyishyira mu bikorwa), (b) igihombo cyo gutunga ntabwo cyari igisubizo cyo kwimurwa byemewe n'amategeko, kandi © ntushobora kubisuzuma byemewe, kandi © ntushobora kubishobora.
2. ** Sobanukirwa nigihe giteganijwe cyiminsi 90 gitegerejwe nigihe giteganijwe (cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kwishyura indishyi): ** Munsi ya ** UCC § 3-312 (b) (1) **, Itangazo ryigihombo ryubahirizwa byemewe n'amategeko ** iminsi 90 yingengabihe nyuma yitariki ya cheque ya kashi ** (ntabwo hashize iminsi 90 ubimenyesheje). Kubera iki? Kuberako niba inzirakarengane "Ufite amasomo akwiye" yerekana sheki yumubitsi muri iyo minsi 90 yambere, banki itanga isabwa muburyo bwo kwishyura. Umunsi wa 90 wa 90 ** urangiye nta sheki yatanzwe na nyirubwite mugihe gikwiye, banki itanga ** igomba kugusubiza amadorari 20.000 yuzuye cyangwa igatanga cheque yabasimbuye **. *.

Ibaruwa isaba UCC ibaruwa isaba Banki yawe yo gukaraba, kwigana, cyangwa cheque mpimbano¶

Niba banki yawe yanze kwishura konte yawe yo kugenzura kuri sheki yogejwe, sheki yimpimbano, cyangwa ibyemezo byimpimbano, cyangwa ikurura ibirenge amezi menshi itegereje kuri banki yabikijwe n’abajura, ohereza iri tangazo ryemewe n'amategeko ukoresheje ** USPS Icyemezo cyanditse hamwe n’inyemezabwishyu isabwa ** ku ishami ry’uburiganya rya banki yawe hamwe n’ibiro bishinzwe amategeko / Ubuyobozi bukuru:

SUBJECT: FORMAL NOTICE OF IMPROPERLY PAID CHECK(S) AND DEMAND FOR RECREDIT UNDER UCC § 4-401, § 3-407, AND § 4-406
DELIVERED VIA CERTIFIED MAIL (TRACKING #: [Insert Number])

Date: [Insert Date]
To: [Your Bank Name], Check Fraud / Loss Prevention Department & Office of the General Counsel
Address: [Bank Dispute Address and Corporate Legal Address]
From: [Your Full Legal Name], [Your Address, Phone Number, and Email]
Compromised Account Number: [XXXX-1234] | Bank Fraud Claim #: [Insert Claim #]

To Whom It May Concern:

Please take formal legal notice pursuant to Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) §§ 3-401, 3-407, 4-401, and 4-406 that my checking account ending in [1234] was unlawfully debited for check(s) that were NOT "properly payable" under applicable state law. I previously reported this fraud to your institution on [Date] and executed an Affidavit of [Alteration / Forgery / Forged Endorsement].

DETAILS OF IMPROPERLY PAID CHECK(S):
Check #: [Number] | Date Posted: [Date] | Fraudulent Payee: [Name] | Amount Debited: $[Amount]
Depository Bank Displayed on Back Endorsement: [Name and Routing # of Thief's Bank]
Associated Overdraft / Returned Item Fees Triggered: $[Amount]
TOTAL IMPROPER DEBIT: $[Total Amount]

STATUTORY BASIS FOR IMMEDIATE RECREDIT:
Under UCC § 4-401(a), a payor bank may charge against the account of a customer only an item that is "properly payable."
[Select Applicable Legal Ground:]
- [Option A - Washed / Altered Check (UCC § 4-401(d) & § 3-407):] Check #[Number] was stolen from the mail after I wrote it to [Original Payee] for $[Original Amount], and was chemically washed and materially altered without my authorization to read $[Altered Amount] payable to [Thief Name]. Under UCC § 4-401(d), a bank may charge a customer's account on an altered item only according to its original tenor.
- [Option B - Counterfeit Check / Forged Maker Signature (UCC § 3-401 & § 3-403):] Check #[Number] is a counterfeit instrument bearing a forged maker signature that I never signed or authorized. Under UCC § 4-401(a), a check bearing a forged maker signature is wholly inoperative and strictly not properly payable.
- [Option C - Forged Payee Endorsement (UCC § 3-420 & § 4-208):] Check #[Number] was stolen in transit and negotiated over a forged payee endorsement without the authorization of the intended payee [Payee Name]. Under UCC § 4-401(a), a check bearing a forged endorsement is not properly payable.

NOTICE REGARDING INTERBANK WARRANTY RECOVERY (UCC § 4-208):
While your institution is entitled to recover its loss from the Depository Bank ([Thief's Bank Name]) for breach of statutory presentment warranties under UCC § 4-208(a), your duty under UCC § 4-401 to recredit my account for an item that was never properly payable is direct and independent. It is unlawful to hold my personal funds hostage for months pending interbank collection.

DEMAND:
I demand that [Your Bank Name] immediately recredit my account in the full amount of $[Total Amount] (plus all associated fees) within 10 business days. If my account is not recredited by [Date], I will file formal regulatory enforcement complaints with the [Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) / Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) / Federal Reserve] and pursue all statutory remedies.

Sincerely,

[Your Signature]
[Your Printed Name]
Enclosures: Copy of Front & Back of Altered/Forged Check, Signed Affidavit of Forgery/Alteration, USPIS Mail Theft Report (#[Number]), and Local Police Report (#[Number])

Nigute ushobora gukumira burundu gukaraba no kohereza ubutumwa¶

1. ** Hagarika kohereza amabaruwa kugenzura igihe cyose bishoboka; niba ugomba kohereza cheque, genda imbere yiposita: ** Ntuzigere ushyira ibahasha irimo cheque mumasanduku yawe yoherejwe hamwe n'ibendera ry'umutuku hejuru, kandi ntuzigere uyijugunya mumasanduku yo hanze yubururu USPS yakusanyije nyuma yigihe cyo gufata buri munsi. Genda imbere muri posita ya posita yumubiri hanyuma uyijugunye mumwanya wimbere.
2. ** Andika cheque zose ukoresheje Uni-ball yumukara 207 (cyangwa ikaramu ihwanye na pigiseli ya pigment): ** Ikaramu isanzwe yerekana imipira ikoresha irangi rishingiye ku irangi ryashonga rwose mugukuraho imisumari (acetone) mumasegonda. Ikaramu ya Gel ikoresha ** wino ishingiye kuri pigment ** (nka Uni-ball 207, Sharpie S-Gel, cyangwa Pentel EnerGel yanditseho "Kugenzura Umutekano / Uburiganya") irimo uduce duto twa microscopique dufata burundu imbere mumibabi yimpapuro kandi ntidushobora gukaraba hamwe n’imiti idasenya impapuro za sheki.
3. ** Kuraho ibibanza byubusa kumurongo wa Payee numubare: ** Uzuza umurongo wose wa Payee numurongo wanditse-wamadorari umurongo kumurongo wiburyo ushushanya umurongo utambitse ()========) binyuze mumwanya wose usigaye kugirango umujura adashobora gushyiramo imibare cyangwa amagambo (urugero, guhindukira "One hundred" in "Nine thousand One hundred").
4. ** Emera "Kwishura neza" kuri konti zose zigenzura ubucuruzi: ** Niba ukora ubucuruzi buciriritse, budaharanira inyungu, cyangwa HOA, fasha ** Umushahara mwiza ** na ** ACH Positive Pay ** hamwe na banki yawe yubucuruzi. Hamwe no Kwishura neza, wohereje urutonde rworoshye rwa nimero ya cheque, amatariki, n'amadorari igihe cyose wanditse cheque; niba hari cheque yogejwe cyangwa y'impimbano yerekanwe idahuye nurutonde rwawe rwoherejwe kumafaranga, banki ihita iyanga mbere yuko ijana ku ijana riva kuri konte yawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Inkomoko yagenzuwe¶

• ** Komisiyo ishinzwe amategeko / Ikigo cy’amategeko cy’Abanyamerika (Amerika): ** * Amategeko agenga ubucuruzi (UCC) Ingingo ya 3 (Ibikoresho byumvikanyweho: §§ 3-118, 3-310, 3-312, 3-401, 3-403, 3-406, 3-407, 3-420) * na * UCC Ingingo ya 4 (Kubitsa muri Banki no gukusanya: §§ 4-114, 4-201 4-406) *.
• ** Inama y'Ubutegetsi ya Federal Reserve Sisitemu na Biro ishinzwe kurengera abaguzi (Amerika): ** * Amafaranga yihuse yo kuboneka / Amabwiriza CC (12 C.F.R. Igice cya 229, §§ 229.10-229.13, 229.34) * na * CFPB Ubuyobozi ku buriganya bwo kugenzura ibinyoma no guhagarika konti yo kubitsa *.
• ** Serivisi ishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’amaposita muri Amerika (USPIS) hamwe n’Urwego rushinzwe gukumira ibyaha by’imari (FinCEN, Amerika): ** * Imenyekanisha rya FinCEN ku gihugu hose muri gahunda yo kwiba amabaruwa ajyanye no kugenzura uburiganya (FIN-2023-Alert003) * na * USPIS Raporo y’ubujura bw’amabaruwa *.
• ** Ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura ifaranga (OCC, Amerika): ** * Kugenzura uburiganya, uburiganya bwa Cashier, n'uburenganzira bwo kuguriza abakiriya (helpwithmybank.gov) *.
• ** Kwishura Kanada na Guverinoma ya Kanada (Kanada): ** * Imishinga y'amategeko yo kuvunja (R.S.C., 1985, c. B-4) * na * Kwishura Kanada Amategeko A4 (Ibintu byagarutsweho kandi byerekanwe) *.
• ** Serivisi ishinzwe Umuvunyi Mukuru wa Leta n’Ubukungu (Ubwongereza): ** * Inyemezabuguzi y’ivunjisha 1882 *, * Itegeko ryo kugenzura 1992 *, na * Amabwiriza yo kugenzura amashusho y’impimbano *.

Kuyobora¶

• Ihererekanyabubasha rya banki ritemewe, Amabwiriza E, n'uburenganzira bwo kwishyura
• Umutungo utimukanwa ufunga uburiganya hamwe na banki yihutirwa yibutsa protocole
• Kunanirwa na banki, konti zahagaritswe, no kugarura FDIC
• Igenzura ryimisoro, imisoro yinyuma, hamwe no kwirwanaho kwimishahara
• Umushahara utishyuwe hamwe na cheque yimishahara
• Imibare yihutirwa ukurikije igihugu