Paraglide, Skydiving, na Power Line cyangwa Igiti cya Canopy Gutabara¶

Skydivers, abapilote ba paraglider, abakora paramotor, abapilote bamanika-glider, hamwe nabasimbuka BASE rimwe na rimwe bahura nimpinduka zitunguranye zumuyaga, kugwa kwumuriro, kubohereza parasite, cyangwa moteri yananiye imbaraga zituma byihutirwa byinjira mumashanyarazi ** hejuru yumuriro w'amashanyarazi hejuru yumuriro, amazi maremare, cyangwa kubaka ibisenge **. Mugihe nylon ram-air canopy ubwayo ikunze kwihuta kwambere, iminota ihita ikurikira kugwa kumurima ikunze kuba mubi cyane kuruta ingaruka zo kugwa ubwazo.

Umusimbuka cyangwa umuderevu umanikwa ahagaritswe muri parasute cyangwa paraglider hejuru yumurongo wamashanyarazi hejuru yumuriro ufite ibyago byinshi byo gukomeretsa amashanyarazi ahitanwa n’amashanyarazi niba ikiraro cya kiraro cyacyo kiyobora ibyiciro bibiri, niba kizunguruka kigana ku kibaho gikoreshwa hasi, cyangwa niba abari bahari bafite intego nziza bagenda hasi bagakora ku nkweto zabo zimanikwa cyangwa ku murongo wo guhagarika. Ubuhemu buringaniye ni ** igiti kinini cyo hejuru kigwa **: abaderevu benshi nabatwara ikirere barokotse umutwaro woroheje metero 20 (metero 65) hejuru yigiti cyinanasi cyangwa igiti kitarinze gukomeretsa, gusa baguye ku rupfu rwabo nyuma yiminota 10 kuko ** bakuyemo imishumi yamaguru cyangwa bakanda amashami yabo yimpeta 3 yimyenda yo kurekura amashami. Byongeye kandi, usimbuka yahagaritse kugenda neza mu maguru y’amaguru mu gihe kirenze iminota 15 kugeza kuri 30 ashobora guhura n’ihungabana ryica ** orthostatike (harness hang syndrome) ** kuko ibidengeri byamaraso mumaguru yabo yimanitse, mugihe usimbutse kugwa mumazi munsi yigitereko gishobora kurohama mumasegonda aramutse yinjijwe muri metero amagana ya Spectra, Vectran, cyangwa Kevlar. Kumenya guhambira inzitizi igwa, kuki utagomba na rimwe gutema cyangwa gutobora igiti cyangwa kumurongo w'amashanyarazi, nuburyo bwo guhunga kugwa kumazi bikiza ubuzima.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** NTUKIGERE uhambura imikandara yawe yamaguru cyangwa ngo ukoreshe urutoki rwawe rwo kurekura mugihe umanitse ku giti cyangwa uhagaritswe kumurongo wamashanyarazi. guhindura uburemere bwawe gukuramo cyangwa kugabanya parasute yawe nyamukuru bizaguta hasi.
2. ** Hagarika rwose kandi ugumane abarebera byibuze metero 15 kugeza kuri 30 (metero 50 kugeza 100) mugihe ugeze mumurongo wamashanyarazi cyangwa hafi yacyo. reba kumanura imirongo y'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi.
3. ** Hamagara nimero yawe yihutirwa (911 muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika na Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza) ako kanya. niba mubiti birebire, saba ** tekiniki yo hejuru-inguni yo gutabara / itsinda rya arborist **; genzura nimero yihutirwa.
4. ** Wishingire ku giti kinini cy'imbere mbere yo kwimuka niba umanitse ku giti cy'igiti. ** Komeza ingofero yawe, uzenguruke ukuboko n'amaguru kuzengurutse igiti kinini cy'igiti (cyangwa ucye umugozi wa webbing reservidle / igiti cyo gutabara ibiti uzengurutse umutiba munini kandi winjire mu rubuga rwawe rukuru), hanyuma usunike amaguru yawe kugirango wirinde ko amaraso atemba mu bibero byawe (** guhagarika ihahamuka **).
5. ** Niba ugwa bidasubirwaho mumazi maremare, hagarika igituza cyawe (kandi urekure ibikoresho) MBERE YO GUKURIKIRA, ariko utegereze kugeza igihe ibirenge byawe bikora kumazi kugirango ucibwe umuyonga munini hanyuma uve mu cyuma. rimwe mumazi, koga ** hejuru cyangwa kwambukiranya kure ya nylon yaguye ** kugirango utazafatwa munsi yigitambara gitose, kitagira umwuka.
6. ** Niba umuderevu aguye ku giti cyangwa akagira ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kugwa hasi, komeza ingofero yabo ON (keretse iyo ibujije guhumeka umwuka) kandi uhagarike ijosi ryumugongo. reba ibikomere by'umugongo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Parashute, Paraglider, cyangwa Paramotor Hanze Kumurima"] --> Obstacle{"Ni izihe nzitizi zirimo?"}
    Obstacle -->|"Imirongo Yumurongo"| PowerLine["1. Mu kirere: Tera ibyuma / imizigo; komeza ibirenge & amavi hamwe <br/> 2. Kumanika ku nsinga: BIRACYAHA KUBUNTU; Ntukore ku nkingi, insinga ya kabiri, cyangwa guca <br/> 3. Abakozi bo hasi: Guma inyuma ya metero 15 kugeza kuri 30 (50 kugeza 100 ft); ntukore ku gusimbuka cyangwa imirongo <br/> 4. Tegereza amashanyarazi yingirakamaro yemeza ko umurongo wapfuye kandi ufite ishingiro"]
    Obstacle -->|"Igiti kirekire"| Tree["1. Mu kirere: Kurinda isura n'umuhogo ukoresheje amaboko; amaguru akanda hamwe <br/> 2. Kumanika mu giti: NTUKIGERE gukuramo imikandara y'amaguru cyangwa gukuramo igikata <br/> 3. Guhobera umutaru nyamukuru uhagaritse cyangwa uhambire mumurongo hamwe na webbing / umusego wububiko <br/> 4. Kuramo amaguru cyangwa uhagarare kumashami akomeye kugirango wirinde ihahamuka"]
    Obstacle -->|"Amazi Yimbitse (Ikiyaga, Uruzi, Inyanja)"| Water["1. Mbere yo kugira ingaruka: Gufungura igituza cyo mu gatuza (hamwe n'ikariso ya paramotor hejuru) <br/> 2. Rindira gushika ibirenge bikora ku mazi, hanyuma ukuremo intoki hanyuma ucike mumaguru <br/> 3. Koga UPWIND ikureho kurohama kumurongo no guhagarika"]
    Obstacle -->|"Gukurura Umuyaga mwinshi"| WindDrag["1. Kurura feri imwe imwe ihinduranya cyangwa riser yinyuma inzira yose kugirango isenyuke ibaba <br/> 2. Cyangwa gukurura urufunguzo nyamukuru rwaciwe (kuguruka ikirere 3-impeta) <br/> 3. Kuzenguruka inyuma / kuruhande kugirango ibikoresho bitaremereye hanyuma ukore C-uhindukire hejuru"]

Umurongo w'amashanyarazi umanuka: Umuvuduko mwinshi wo kubaho mu kirere no ku nsinga¶

1. Mu ndege ibikorwa mugihe impanuka y'umurongo w'amashanyarazi idashobora kwirindwa¶

Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’abaparakomando ry’Amerika (USPA * Igitabo gikubiyemo amakuru ya Skydiver *) hamwe n’amashyirahamwe yo muri Amerika amanika Gliding na Paragliding (USHPA), niba ubonye munsi ya metero 100 (metero 330) ko udashobora kuyobora neza gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hejuru cyangwa imirongo yohereza:

1. ** Kora impinduka ntoya, iringaniye gusa: ** Ntuzigere yank munsi yubutumburuke bwa dogere 90 cyangwa dogere 180 ya toggle hook hafi yubutaka kugirango utere umugozi; guhindagurika cyane bituma igituba kiroha mu butaka ku muvuduko mwinshi uhagaritse kandi utambitse, iyi ikaba ari yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera ikirere cyica ndetse n’ingaruka za paraglide.
2. ** Kureka ibintu byose byayobora cyangwa birebire byahagaritswe: ** Niba usimbutse ufite ibyuma birebire byuma, kamera ya tandem, cyangwa umurongo umanura kumurongo wa gisirikari / imizigo, jettison cyangwa gutera umurongo umanika kugirango bidatandukanya insinga nisi mugihe ukiri hejuru yumurongo.
3. ** Witegure kugwa kwa Parashute (PLF) hanyuma uhindukize umutwe kure y'insinga: ** Shyira ibirenge n'amavi hamwe, fata inkokora yawe neza urubavu kugirango urinde amaboko yawe nigituza kunyerera hejuru yicyuma cyambaye ubusa, hanyuma urebe kuri dogere 45 kugirango insinga ifata idakubita ingabo cyangwa mu muhogo.

2. Niki wakora niba umanitse uhagaritswe kumashanyarazi¶

Niba nylon canopy yawe inyuze hejuru yumurongo wa voltage mwinshi hejuru hanyuma ikagusiga umanitse mu kirere cyo hagati (cyangwa hamwe na bote yawe yimanitse hejuru yibyatsi):

1. ** KUBUNTU BUZUYE: ** Igihe cyose umubiri wawe nigitereko bikora kuri ** umugozi umwe gusa wicyiciro ** kandi ukaba ** udakora ku butaka, inkingi yingirakamaro, insinga yumusore, cyangwa insinga yicyiciro cya kabiri **, uri mumashanyarazi nkinyoni yicaye kumurongo, ikongerwamo ingufu mumashanyarazi ibihumbi.
2. ** Ntugakore ku ntoki zawe, kubika ripcord, cyangwa ibyuma bikoresha ibyuma: **
3. Gukuramo padi yawe yumuhondo / umutuku irekura urumuri rwawe nyamukuru, ikujugunya neza kumurongo winsinga yo hasi cyangwa hasi mugihe mugihe imirongo ikurikiranwa iracyakandagira hejuru yumugozi wo hejuru, uhita ukora icyiciro kigufi-cyiciro cyangwa icyiciro-gito-cy-igitaka kigufi binyuze mumubiri wawe.
4. Gukuramo ifeza yawe ya feza irasa icyuma cyuzuye icyuma cyindege hamwe numuyoboro wicyuma utanyuze hejuru yinsinga zegeranye, bigatera impumyi ** yihuta cyane ya arc flash iturika ** izatwika urumuri rwa nylon mugice cyakabiri.
5. ** Kuki imirongo ihagarika nylon, Spectra, Vectran, na Kevlar ISHOBORA gutwara amashanyarazi: ** Ntukigere wibwira ko imirongo yawe ya parasute cyangwa paraglider ari insulator. Mugihe cyo gukwirakwiza cyane no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi (** 4,800 kugeza 500.000 volt **), umwanda wa microscopique, umwanda wibyatsi, ibyuya, ubuhehere bwikirere, cyangwa imirongo ya karuboni fibre / aramid imbere mumirongo igezweho ikora neza ikurikirana umuyaga wica neza kumurongo kumurongo wibyuma bya riser hamwe no gukoresha urubuga; reba amashanyarazi.
6. ** Rangurura wegera abarebera hamwe na ba nyir'ubutaka GUMA GUSUBIZA METERO 30 (AMAFARANGA 100): ** Akaga gakomeye ku mudereva umanika metero 1 (metero 3) hejuru yubutaka munsi yumurongo wamashanyarazi ni uwumva neza cyangwa uwasubije bwa mbere wiruka agafata inkweto cyangwa ibitugu byindege. Ako kanya umuntu uhagaze ku isi akora ku muderevu umanitse, yaba umuderevu nuwatabazi bahinduka ikiraro kiziguye kiva kumurongo wa voltage mwinshi ujya hasi kandi amashanyarazi hamwe.

Ibiti bigwa hasi kandi birinda ihahamuka¶

1. Nigute ushobora gutondekanya ibiti bidashobora kugwa¶

Niba umanuka mumashyamba cyangwa igihagararo cyibiti bitarimo urwuri rusobanutse rwagerwaho:

1. ** Jya mu muyaga werekeza ku ikamba rinini cyane ry'igiti kizima, gifite ubuzima bwiza (irinde imitego yapfuye): ** Intego ku ikamba ryimbitse, rifite amababi yo hagati y’ibiti bizima cyangwa igiti gikomeye aho kuba igiti cyambaye ubusa, cyoroshye, gishobora kukumanika nk'icumu.
2. ** Komeza umuvuduko usanzwe wigice cya feri / flare yindege, ntugahagarike ibaba hejuru hejuru yigiti: ** Gutwika kare kare metero 10 (metero 33) hejuru yigitereko gihagarika paraglider cyangwa parasute, bigatuma ugwa hasi uhagaritse mumashami utarinze kwambika ikamba ryo hejuru.
3. ** Fata umwanya wo kurinda ibiti amasegonda 2 mbere yo kwinjira mumashami: **
4. Komeza ibirenge bya ** n'amavi yawe ukande hamwe ** (ntuzigere ukwirakwiza amaguru yawe mugihe ujugunywe mugiti, gitera kumanika imigozi yica kumashami ahagaritse ndetse nintanga zacitse).
5. Kurenga amaboko yawe neza imbere yisura yawe ** mumaso, amaso, numuhogo ** ukoresheje amaboko yawe ufata ibyago bitandukanye cyangwa inkokora yawe ifatanye cyane nimbavu zawe kuburyo amashami yamenetse adashobora kugucumita ijosi (aroti aroti / trachea) cyangwa amaboko (arteriire arillary).

2. Impamvu utagomba na rimwe gukuramo cyangwa gutemwa mugihe umanitse ku giti¶

Icyerekezo cyawe cyo kumanuka no kumanuka nikimara guhagarara imbere yigiti, kurwanya ubushake bwo "kuzamuka metero 6 zanyuma" bizarokora ubuzima bwawe:

• ** Kwibeshya kwa anchorage ikomeye: ** Hejuru yumutwe wawe, umuto wawe muto wa ripstop nylon hamwe nu murongo wo guhagarika ntibikunze kuzenguruka igiti kinini cyubatswe. Ahubwo, igitereko gikunze gukururwa byoroheje hejuru yinshinge zinanasi zo hanze zoroshye cyangwa zoroshye cyangwa santimetero 1 (0.4-santimetero) zamashami yinyuma, zifatwa gusa nuburinganire buringaniye kumirongo mirongo itanu.
• ** Kuki gutema cyangwa gukuramo byica: ** Niba ikirere gikurura ikirere gikuru (cyitezwe ko kizamanuka kumashami munsi yacyo), bahita bamanuka mumashami yo hepfo yamenetse kugeza kumashyamba. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, niba umuderevu wa paraglider akuramo imikandara yamaguru mugihe ahagaze kumashami asa nkaho akomeye, kuvanaho ibiro bitunguranye bituma igiti hejuru gishobora guhanagura amashami, cyangwa ishami ryikubita munsi yuburemere bwa boot, bikaviramo kugwa bidatinze.
• ** Komeza ingofero yawe KURI: ** Kugwa amashami yimbaho ​​zajugunywe hejuru yikigina hejuru, cyangwa pendulum ihindukira mumitiba yigiti, birashobora gutera ihungabana ryumutwe uramutse ukuyemo ingofero mugihe utegereje gutabarwa.

3. Kurinda ihahamuka rya Orthostatike (Harness Hang Syndrome)¶

Iyo umuderevu cyangwa ikirere kimanitse hejuru yimyenda ya parasute (cyane cyane ibikoresho byo kuguruka kuguru kuguru cyangwa kugabana umusozi woroshye wa paraglide umukandara udafite intebe yagutse) n'amaguru yabo yimanitse mu kirere hagati:

1. ** Uburyo bwo guhagarika ihahamuka: ** Imigozi ifatanye yamaguru yumugore ikanda hejuru yimitsi minini yigitsina gore mugice cya ruhago mugihe amaguru yimanitse aguma adahungabana rwose. Hatabayeho gukanda injyana yinyana n imitsi yibibero (** imitsi ya skeletale imitsi ya pompe **) isunika amaraso hejuru yububasha, kugeza kuri ** 20 kugeza 30% byamazi yuzuye azenguruka mumaguru yawe yo hepfo ** muminota 10 kugeza kuri 20.
2. ** Syncope yihuse no gufatwa k'umutima: ** Yambuwe gusubira mu mitsi kuri atrium iburyo y'umutima, gusohoka k'umutima kugabanuka, bitera umutwe utunguranye, isesemi, ibyuya, iyerekwa rya tunnel, no guta ubwenge (** ihungabana rya orthostatike **). Niba umuntu utazi ubwenge akomeje kumanika ahagaritse mu cyuma kidashobora kugenda, hypoxia cerebral cerebral hamwe no gufatwa k'umutima byica bishobora gukurikira mu minota mike.
3. ** Nigute wakwirinda ihahamuka mugihe utegereje igiti: **
4. ** Shikira umutaru nyamukuru hanyuma uhagarare ku gihimba gikomeye (utiriwe ucogora): ** Shyira imbere witonze imbere kugira ngo uhobore igiti kinini cy’ibiti uhagarike hanyuma ushire ikirenge kimwe cyangwa byombi ku ishami ryubatswe hafi y’ihuriro ry’imitsi kugira ngo imitsi yamaguru yawe yikoreze uburemere bwumubiri wawe aho gukenyera.
5. ** Igare hanyuma usunike amaguru buri masegonda 30: ** Niba umanitse ahantu hafunguye munsi y amashami kandi ukaba udashobora kugera ikirenge mucya, komeza uhindure inyana zawe, fata amavi yawe hejuru yigituza, hanyuma uzunguruze amaguru mukirere kugirango usukemo amaraso yimitsi asubira mumutima wawe.
6. ** Kora ikirenge (Prusik cyangwa impinduramatwara ya bridle stirrup): ** Niba utwaye umurongo wo gutabara ibiti byo gutabara, umurongo wihuta (kuri paraglider), cyangwa ushobora guhinduranya agace kanyerera munsi yinkweto zawe, uhagarare mumuzingo kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko kumitsi yawe.
7. ** Ubuvuzi nyuma yo gutabara umusimbuzi umaze igihe kirekire: ** Inkeragutabara zimaze kumanura umuntu wahohotewe wamanitswe mu minota irenga 20 yimanitse, akomeze kubikurikiranira hafi kugirango ahindurwe / ahagarike amazi, akurikirane ibimenyetso bikomeye, kandi akomeze ashyushye kandi atuje; reba guhungabana na gucika intege.

Amazi maremare hamwe ninyanja (Skydiving, paraglide, na paramotoring)¶

Akaga gakabije ka paramotor ifite ingufu (PPG) hamwe nubutaka bwamazi ya parasute¶

Kumanuka kw'amazi biri mubintu byihutirwa byahitanye abantu benshi muri siporo yindege, cyane cyane kubapilote ** bafite ingufu za paraglider (paramotor / PPG) **, bambara kilo ** 20 kugeza kuri 35 (45-kuri-75-pound) moteri yimodoka ebyiri hamwe nicyuma cyuma cyuma cyiziritse kumugongo **. Niba umuderevu windege akubise amazi maremare adafite amashanyarazi ya CO2 yikora kumurongo kandi ntashobora kuva mubikoresho byayo mumasegonda 5, moteri iremereye ibahanagura hasi mumazi nkuko ibaba rya nylon ritose hamwe na metero 300 zumurongo uhagaritse kuzenguruka inkweto zabo:

Intambwe ku ntambwe uburyo bwo kugwa amazi yo kubaho¶

1. ** Mugihe ukiri metero 100 kugeza 300 (metero 330 kugeza 1.000) mukirere hejuru y'amazi: **
2. Shyiramo intoki zawe cyangwa CO2 igikoresho cya flotation (veste yubuzima) cyangwa paramotor ikariso ya flotation ako kanya.
3. Irekure cyangwa wirukane inkweto ziremereye niba igihe kibyemereye, fungura ingofero yawe yingofero gusa niba wambaye ingofero ya kamera iremereye ishobora gutobora imirongo (komeza ingofero zamazi yo gukingira niba wegereye amabuye / indege), hanyuma ** fungura igituza cyawe cyigituza rwose ** mugihe ufashe ibyago byombi / guhindagurika kugirango amaboko yawe adashobora kuva mumitugu yigitugu hagati yumuyaga.
4. *.
5. ** Mugihe nyacyo ibirenge byawe bikora kumazi: **
6. Fata umwuka uhumeka, ** kurura igikonjo cyawe gikuru cya ** (kuguruka mu kirere) cyangwa ukubite ibikoresho nyamukuru byihuta-kurekura byihuse, shyira umugongo wawe, hanyuma usunike amaboko inyuma mumitugu yigitugu n'amaguru yawe mumaguru.
7. ** Niba nylon canopy iguye hejuru yumutwe wawe mumazi: **
8. ** Ntugakubite cyangwa ngo utere amaguru ku gasozi: ** Gukubita amaguru mu mazi nibyo bizinga imirongo ihanamye ya Kevlar / Spectra ihagarika amaguru yawe nk'urushundura rwo kuroba.
9. Komeza amaguru yawe, ugere hejuru ukoresheje ukuboko kumwe kugirango usunike umufuka muto wigitambara cya ripstop nylon gitose hejuru yubuso bwamazi kugirango ukore umufuka wumuyaga uhumeka, hanyuma ** ukurikire ikidodo kimwe cyumwenda wa nylon ukuboko-ukuboko mu cyerekezo kimwe ** kugeza ugeze kumpera yinyuma yinyuma yigitereko hanyuma woga neza mumazi afunguye.

Umuyaga mwinshi ukurura no kugwa-amababa ingaruka ubufasha bwambere¶

1. Guhagarika parashute yahunze cyangwa paraglider gukurura umuyaga mwinshi¶

Iyo iguye mumuyaga urenga kilometero 35 kugeza kuri 55 kumasaha (kilometero 22 kugeza 35 kumasaha) ** cyangwa imbere ya gust, parasute yuguruye cyangwa paraglider ikora nkumuyaga munini uzunguruka hasi, ukurura umusimbuzi watangaye cyangwa wakomeretse mumirima yerekeza kuruzitiro rwumugozi, umuhanda munini, amabuye, cyangwa inyubako:

• ** Niba uri umusimbuka ukururwa: **
• Kuramo ** nyamukuru ya canopy cutaway hand ** ako kanya (kumurongo wo kuguruka).
• Niba inzira yawe yananiwe cyangwa urimo kuguruka paraglider idafite karabine yihuta, ** reka kureka feri imwe ihindurwe burundu hanyuma ukurure umurongo umwe wa feri GUSA (cyangwa umugongo umwe C / D riser) ukuboko-ukuboko kugeza mu gituza cyawe **. Gukurura feri zombi mu buryo bumwe bituma ibaba ryuzura neza hasi cyane hejuru yo gukurura imbaraga; gukurura ** uruhande rumwe gusa ** rwerekana amabuye hejuru nkurupapuro ruringaniye mumuyaga kandi rwica imbaraga zayo zikurura ako kanya.
• ** Niba uri indorerezi ugerageza guhagarika igitereko gikurura umusimbuka utazi ubwenge: **
• ** NTUKIGERE ufata imirongo ihagarikwa ya taut cyangwa ngo wibire mumubiri wuwasimbutse mugihe igitereko cyuzuye.

2. Imfashanyo yambere yo kugwa hasi ningaruka zo hasi¶

Iyo paraglider ihuye na disimagasi idasanzwe cyangwa imbere (kugwa kwa kanopi) hafi yubutaka, cyangwa ikirere kigenda kigwa hasi, ingaruka zohereza imbaraga za vertical G-imbaraga hejuru yibirenge, amaguru, pelvis, numugongo:

1. ** Komeza inkondo y'umura na thoracolumbar umugongo: ** Ntugafashe umuderevu waguye guhaguruka cyangwa kugenda mumodoka. Kumanuka cyane-kugabanuka kumyanya ya paraglider yicaye itera ** guturika cyangwa kwikuramo imitsi ya vertebrae ya T12, L1, na L2 ** kuri thoracolumbar hinge; guhaguruka birashobora gutwara ibice byamagufwa mumugongo kandi bigatera paraplegia ihoraho; reba ibikomere by'umugongo.
2. ** Kureka ingofero yindege yuzuye cyangwa ifunguye mumaso ON niba umuderevu ahumeka bisanzwe: ** Kuraho ingofero yindege ihindagurika ihindura uruti rwumugongo; gusa kura ingofero niba umuderevu atagira ubwenge, adahumeka, cyangwa kuruka kandi ntushobora gukuraho inzira zabo hamwe n'ingofero.
3. ** Reba neza kuvunika kw'imitsi idahindagurika hamwe no kuvunika kw'igitsina gore: ** Reba ukugabanya ukuguru, kuzenguruka hanze ukuguru, cyangwa ububabare bukabije; komeza amaguru gahoro gahoro udakandagiye imbere kumagufa yibibuno, ugenzure kuvunika kuvanze kuvanze hamwe no kwambara neza, kandi utume umuderevu atagira ubukonje bwubutaka mugihe ategereje kajugujugu cyangwa ambulance; reba amagufwa yamenetse.

Ibikoresho byo gutabara hanze yumurima hamwe nurutonde rwiteguye¶

Mbere yo gutangiza paraglider, paramotor, cyangwa gusimbuka ikirere hafi yishyamba, amazi, cyangwa koridoro yo mu cyaro, banza urebe ko witwaza kandi ugenzura ibi bikoresho bitanu byo kubaho:

• ** Icyuma cyo mu ndege gifunitse cyashyizwe ku gituza cyangwa mu ndege y’imbere: ** Witwaze icyuma gikarishye, cyikubye kabiri ** icyuma gifata ibyuma ** (hamwe nicyuma gisimburwa nicyuma gishobora kubagwa imbere ya aluminium cyangwa plastike ikomeye cyane kuburyo idashobora guca intoki zawe) cyashyizwe aho ushobora kukigeraho ukoresheje ** ukuboko ** mugihe umanitse munsi yumutwaro kugirango ugabanye umurongo uhagaritse amazi akurura amazi.
• ** Igikoresho cyo gutabara ibiti imbere mu mufuka wa paraglider: ** Witwaze metero 15 kugeza kuri 25 (metero 50 kugeza kuri 80) ikariso yimbaraga nyinshi za milimetero 3 aramid / Dyneema guta umurongo (kugirango ugabanye abatabazi kubutaka kugirango bashobore gukuramo umugozi uzamuka uhagaze) hamwe na ** 2 metero (6.5-metero) uzengurutse igiti cyigiti uhita ugwa mumatongo.
• ** Igikoresho cyogukoresha amazi yindege zose zirenze amazi cyangwa paramotor: ** Ntuzigere uguruka paramotor iremereye mugace kanyuze hagati yikiyaga, uruzi, cyangwa inkombe idafite igikoresho cyogukoresha amazi ya CO2 cyashyizwe kumurongo wa paramotor hamwe na kote yumuntu ku giti cye.
• ** Umuyoboro wa Satelite SOS, ifirimbi, na radiyo yindege ya metero 2 / amateur: ** Terefone zigendanwa akenshi zisenya ingaruka cyangwa kugwa mumifuka mugihe igiti cyakurikiranye; fata ifirimbi yo hejuru ya decibel pealess yo gutabara hamwe na satelite ya SOS (nka Garmin inReach cyangwa PLB) kumurongo wawe wigitugu.
• ** Mbere yo gusimbuka / mbere yo gutangiza imbogamizi kuri buri karere kamanuka: ** Mbere yo kwinjira mu ndege cyangwa kuzamura amababa yawe, banza ugaragaze icyerekezo cyerekana icyerekezo cyumuyaga, ahantu hambere hamanuka haguruka, icyerekezo cyumurongo wamashanyarazi ** hejuru (reba inkingi zingirakamaro hamwe namabati ya transformateur kumuhanda kabone niyo insinga zoroheje zitagaragara kuva kuri metero 300 hejuru), hamwe nubutaka bwawe bwateganijwe mbere.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Ni ukubera iki abadereva bo mu kirere hamwe n'abapilote ba paraglider rimwe na rimwe barokoka igiti kigwa nta nkomyi, gusa bagapfa nyuma yiminota mike?¶

Hafi ya byose byica bigwa nyuma yo kugwa neza kubiti bibaye kubera ko umuderevu cyangwa umuderevu wo mu kirere adaha agaciro uburyo igitereko cyabo cyafashwe hejuru yabyo kandi bigashyira mugikorwa cyo kurekura ibiti cyangwa gukuramo imikandara yamaguru kugirango bazamuke hejuru yigiti. Iyo parasute ya nylon cyangwa paraglider ituye mumatongo yigiti, mubisanzwe ifatwa gusa no guterana hejuru yuduti twinshi duto duto, duto cyane aho kuba ishami ryubatswe. Ako kanya umuderevu ahindura ibiro byabo, agabanya igiti kinini, cyangwa akuramo ibikoresho byabo kugirango akandagire ku ishami, ishami rirafata cyangwa igitonyanga kiranyerera ku buntu, umanura umuderevu udahinze metero 15 kugeza kuri 30 (metero 50 kugeza 100) hasi. Buri gihe komeza ingofero yawe hamwe nibikoresho byawe byuzuye, irinde umutekano ku giti kinini hamwe nigitambambuga, hanyuma utegereze itsinda ryabatabazi ryumugozi.

Niba ikirere cyangwa paraglider kimanitse kumurongo w'amashanyarazi ibirenge byabo metero 1 uvuye kubutaka, kuki abari aho batagomba gufata amaguru ngo abafashe hasi?¶

Mugihe usimbuka amanitse ahagaritswe mu kirere avuye hejuru yumurongo w'amashanyarazi mwinshi utiriwe ukora ku butaka cyangwa ku nkingi y'ingirakamaro, umubiri wabo wose hamwe n’ibikoresho byabo byose bitanga ingufu kuri volt ibihumbi, kimwe n’inyoni ihagaze ku nsinga. Kubera ko nta nzira igana ku butaka, nta mashanyarazi abanyuramo. Nyamara, ako kanya inkeragutabara zihagaze kwisi zirahaguruka zikora ku nkweto z'uwasimbutse, ibikoresho, cyangwa imirongo ihagarikwa, umurambo w’abatabazi wuzuza umuyagankuba utaziguye uva mu nsinga y’umuvuduko mwinshi unyuze mu bantu bombi ku isi, uhitana amashanyarazi uwasimbutse ndetse nuwatabaye. Umuntu wese uri hasi agomba kuguma byibuze metero 15 kugeza 30 (metero 50 kugeza 100) kugeza igihe amashanyarazi yemeje ko umurongo uzimye kandi ugahagarara.

Ihahamuka ryo guhagarika ni iki (harness hang syndrome), kandi nigute ushobora kuyirinda mugihe ugumye mu giti?¶

Ihahamuka ryo guhagarika (nanone ryitwa orthostatic intolerance or harness hang syndrome) riba mugihe umuntu amanitse atanyeganyega neza mukoresheje amaguru amanitse ubusa muminota irenga 15 kugeza 30. Imigozi ifatanye amaguru ifata imitsi minini yumugore mu kibero mugihe uburemere bukurura amaraso mumaguru atanyeganyega. Hatabayeho kugabanuka bisanzwe kwimitsi yamaguru kugirango asubize amaraso mumutima, kugeza kimwe cya kane cyamaraso yumubiri ahinduka mumaguru, inzara nubwonko bwumutima wa ogisijeni bikamuviramo gucika intege no gufatwa kumutima. Kugira ngo wirinde ihahamuka mugihe utegereje gutabarwa kw ibiti, ikwegera iruhande rwigiti kinini kugirango uhagarare kumashami akomeye, cyangwa ugahora ku igare kandi ugahindura amaguru buri masegonda 30 kugirango usubize amaraso hejuru yumubiri wawe.

Kuki utagomba na rimwe guca parashute yawe cyangwa gukuramo ibikoresho byawe mbere yuko ibirenge byawe bikora kumazi mugihe cyo kugwa kumazi?¶

Kurenza amazi atuje cyangwa ibirahure, imyumvire yimbitse yumuntu izwiho kutizerana, usimbuka wizera ko ari metero 1.5 gusa hejuru yubuso aracyari metero 12 kugeza kuri 20 (metero 40 kugeza kuri 65) hejuru yikirere. Kurandura parasute yawe nyamukuru cyangwa kunyerera mubikoresho byawe bitavunitse kuri metero 15 bitera ingaruka yumuvuduko mwinshi hejuru yubuso bwamazi ashobora kuvunika urutirigongo, guturika ingingo zimbere, cyangwa kugukubita ubwenge kuburyo uhita urohama. Buri gihe fungura igituza cyawe mugituza ukiri mukirere kugirango witegure, komeza amaboko yawe ufate ibyago, hanyuma utegereze kugeza igihe uzumva inkweto zawe zijugunywe mumazi mbere yo kurekura ibiti cyangwa ibikoresho.

• Aka gatabo gatanga ubuzima bwihutirwa hamwe nuburyo bwambere bwo gutabara impanuka za parasute na paraglider kandi ntizisimbuza amabwiriza yindege yemewe na USPA, USHPA, BHPA, cyangwa FAI ifatanya na club zigihugu aero. Tekereza gufata ubutayu ubufasha bwambere hamwe namasomo ya CPR muri Croix-Rouge, Ambulance ya St John, cyangwa umuganga wemewe wo hanze. *

Kuyobora¶

• Imirongo yamashanyarazi yamanutse hamwe namashanyarazi
• Amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi ubufasha bwambere
• Gukomeretsa umugongo: immobilisation no kwitaho
• Kurohama no gutabara amazi ubufasha bwambere
• Amagufa yamenetse, kuvunika, hamwe
• Yatakaye hanze nubutayu kubaho

Inkomoko yagenzuwe¶

• Ishyirahamwe ry’abaparakasi muri Amerika (USPA, Amerika): Igitabo gikubiyemo amakuru ya Skydiver (SIM Igice cya 5-1: Ibihe byihutirwa bya Skydiving, Kugwa ku biti, kugwa ku murongo w'amashanyarazi, no kugwa ku mazi)
• Reta zunzubumwe zamerika Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (USHPA) hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abongereza Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (BHPA, Ubwongereza): Uburyo bwihutirwa bwa Pilote Uburyo bwihutirwa bwo kugwa ku biti, imirongo y’amashanyarazi, no kwibiza mu mazi
• Umuyobozi mukuru w’ubuzima n’umutekano (HSE, Ubwongereza) hamwe n’ubuvuzi bw’ubutayu (WMS): Isubiramo rishingiye ku bimenyetso byerekana ihungabana ry’ihungabana rya Harness (Orthostatic Shock) hamwe n’ubuyobozi bw’abatabazi
• Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe kurinda umuriro (NFPA, Amerika): NFPA 1006 Igipimo cy’ubutabazi bwa tekinike y’abatabazi (Inkeragutabara n’umugozi wa Arborist)
• Ubuyobozi bukuru bw’indege (FAA, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika): Gukoresha Parashute hamwe nuburemere-Shift Igenzura Indege Iguruka hamwe nigitabo cya Parashute Rigger