Amagorwa yo mu bwato bwa Offshore: VHF DSC Gicurasi, Gukora EPIRB, no Kureka Ubuzima¶

Gutwara ubwato ku nkombe cyangwa gukora inzira yinyanja mu bwato bwidagadura, catamaran, cyangwa ubwato buto bwubucuruzi bugukuraho ubutabazi bwihutirwa bwa komini. Iyo ikinyuranyo gikwiye, umuriro w'amashanyarazi wuzuza akazu umwotsi, igikoma kigwa mu nyanja iremereye, cyangwa uburyo bwihuse bwihuta bwihuse bugamije kubanga, kubaho biterwa nuburyo mpuzamahanga bwo guhangana n’amazi. Imiyoboro igezweho ya satelite na radiyo ihujwe na Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) irashobora kwerekana ubwato bwibasiwe aho ariho hose ku isi mu minota mike, mugihe abakozi babyo batanze ibimenyetso bya elegitoroniki nijwi mbere yo guta umuyobozi.

Ubwoba no gutererana imburagihe ni amakosa abiri yica mugihe cyihutirwa cyamazi yubururu. Iperereza ryakozwe n’impanuka zo mu nyanja ryerekana ko ubwato buri gihe buguma hejuru yigihe kirekire nyuma yuko abakozi babo babataye mubuzima. Keretse niba ubwato bwawe burimo kurohama munsi y ibirenge byawe, gutwikwa kubutegetsi, cyangwa kumeneka hejuru yinyanja, kurwana kugirango ubwato bugende neza mugihe utangaza amakuru yumubabaro kuri satelite na radio. Aka gatabo gatanga intambwe-ku-ntambwe protocole yo kohereza VHF Mayday ivugwa kandi igendanwa, igakora megahertz 406 (MHz) Ibihe byihutirwa byerekana Radio Beacon (EPIRB), igasubiza inzira y’amazi yanga, kandi igashyira mu bikorwa inzira igenzurwa mubuzima.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Shyira ikoti ryubuzima bwa offshore hamwe nibikoresho byumutekano ako kanya. ** Kata umurongo wawe kuri jackline cyangwa cockpit point mbere yo gukandagira mukibuga. Niba uri muri selile yubutaka, hamagara numero yihutirwa yawe (911 muri Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza) cyangwa reba ibyacu nimero yihutirwa kuyobora, hanyuma uhindukire kuri radio VHF radio.
2. ** Kanda kandi ufate buto itukura yuzuye DISTRESS kumaradiyo yawe ya VHF kumasegonda 5. Yuzuye.
3. ** Hamagara umuhamagaro wa GICURASI wavuzwe kuri VHF Umuyoboro wa 16 (156.8 MHz) kuri 25.2 watt. "CYANE."
4. ** Koresha icyogajuru cyawe cya 406 MHz EPIRB hamwe na beacons ya AIS / PLB niba uri hanze cyangwa uhura n’akaga gakomeye.
5. ** Tegura igikapu cyo mu mwobo hanyuma ushyire ubuzima hejuru kuruhande rwa leeward (kumanuka) gusa nkuburyo bwa nyuma. Ihambire umurongo wamabara yubuzima neza mumurongo uremereye mbere yo guta valise hejuru.
6. ** Buri gihe uzamuke hejuru mubuzima; ntuzigere ukandagira mumazi kugeza igihe hull yazimiye munsi yawe. Gusa gabanya umurongo wo gusiga irangi mugihe ubwato bwababyeyi burimo gukurura umubiri ubuzima bwuzuye hejuru yubutaka.

flowchart TD
    A["Offshore Vessel Yihutirwa Yamenyekanye"] --> B{"Kamere y'iterabwoba ako kanya?"}
    B -->|"Kurohama, umuriro, gusenya, cyangwa ikibazo cyubuvuzi"| C["Buri munyamuryango wa Crew Dons Lifejacket, Harness, na PLB"]
    B -->|"Gukeka Skiff Yegereye mumazi menshi"| D["Funga Hasi Mugenzi, Ihembe ryijwi, Hindura inzira mumyanyanja"]
    C --> E["Fata Buto Yumutuku VHF DSC Amasegonda 5 (Ch 70)"]
    D --> F["Hamagara UKMTO / MSCHOA ukoresheje Terefone ya Satelite na Trigger SSAS / EPIRB"]
    E --> G["Kohereza VUBA GICURASI kuri VHF Umuyoboro wa 16 (25W Imbaraga Zirenze)"]
    G --> H["Koresha 406 MHz Satellite EPIRB hanyuma ugarure igikapu"]
    F --> H
    H --> I{"Ubwato bwa Mama bushobora gukizwa no kugenzura ibyangiritse?"}
    I -->|"Yego: Amapompo akora cyangwa umuriro urimo"| J["Gumana na Yacht, Komeza Radio Reba, Witegure kuzamura Kajugujugu"]
    I -->|"Oya: Kurohama munsi yumurongo wamazi cyangwa umuriro utagenzuwe"| K["Irangi ryizewe kugirango risukure, Tangiza Liferaft kuruhande rwibumoso, Intambwe Yumye"]

Ibyago bya marine ibyiciro bya radio: Gicurasi, Pan-Pan, na Securite¶

Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’itumanaho agengwa n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’itumanaho (ITU) n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’amazi (IMO) bagabanya ibiganiro byihutirwa byo mu nyanja mu byiciro bitatu by’ibanze. Gukoresha ijambo ryukuri rivuga ibigo bishinzwe ubutabazi hamwe nubwato hafi aho guhita uhita cyangwa guhagarara kubutabazi bwihutirwa.

Uburyo bwo Guhamagara Digitale (DSC) ikora kuri VHF Umuyoboro wa 70¶

Amaradiyo agezweho ya marike ya VHF amaradiyo hamwe nibiganza bikubiyemo ** Guhamagarira Digital Calling (DSC) **. Mugihe amasaha yijwi abera kuri ** VHF Umuyoboro wa 16 (156.800 MHz) **, radio icyarimwe ikurikirana ** VHF Umuyoboro wa 70 (156.525 MHz) ** kugirango amakuru atangire.

Iyo radiyo yawe ya VHF yashizwe kumurongo wa GPS hanyuma igashyirwaho na numero 9 yawe ya nimero ya ** Serivise ya serivisi ya Maritime Mobile Service (MMSI) **, kuzamura igifuniko cyamasoko no gufata buto itukura ** DISTRESS ** kumasegonda 5 ikora imirimo itatu:

1. ** Ihererekanyabubasha rya GPS ako kanya: ** Kurandura ikosa ryabantu mugusoma ubunini bwimibare nuburebure muri kabine yijimye.
2. ** Gutobora amajwi: ** Byumvikanisha induru ku kiraro cya buri bwato butwara imizigo, tanker, n'umunara wo ku nkombe z'inyanja ku nkombe z'umurongo.
3. ** Guhindura umuyoboro wikora: ** Imbaraga zakira amaradiyo kumato yegeranye kugirango zihindukire kuri ** Umuyoboro wa 16 ** kugirango abashinzwe ikiraro bumve ubutumwa bwawe wavuze nyuma yamasegonda 15.

Niba ufite amasegonda 10 mbere yo gufata buto yumutuku, koresha urufunguzo rwa radio kugirango uhitemo ** Kamere yumubabaro ** (* Kurohama *, * Umuriro / Guturika *, * Ubusambo / Igitero cyintwaro *, * Umuntu urenze *, cyangwa * Kureka ubwato *). Bitabaye ibyo, gufata buto itukura yohereza * Umubabaro udashyizweho * kumenyesha hamwe na GPS ikosora.

Inyandiko nyayo kumuyoboro wa VHF uvugwa 16 Gicurasi¶

Iyo amasegonda 5 ya kabiri ya DSC ya digitale arangije kohereza, tegereza amasegonda 15, urebe ko radio yawe yashyizwe kuri ** Umuyoboro wa 16 ** na ** 25 Watts (Imbaraga zikomeye) **, fata mikoro santimetero 5 (santimetero 2) mumunwa wawe uve mumuyaga, hanyuma usome iyi nyandiko buhoro:

** "GICURASI, GICURASI, GICURASI. ** ** Ubu ni ubwato bugenda [Izina ryubwato], [Izina ryubwato], [Izina ryubwato], ** ** Hamagara [Hamagara], MMSI [soma imibare 9 kugiti cyawe]. ** ** GICURASI, ubwato bugenda [Izina ry'ubwato]. ** ** Umwanya wanjye ni Ubunini [Impamyabumenyi n'iminota icumi Amajyaruguru / Amajyepfo], Uburebure [Impamyabumenyi n'iminota icumi Iburasirazuba / Iburengerazuba]. ** ** Twakubise ikintu cyarohamye kandi dufata amazi byihuse ** * (cyangwa umuriro wa leta / gusenya / piratage). * ** Turasaba ubufasha bwihuse. ** ** Hano hari [Umubare] abantu bakuru hamwe na [Umubare] abana. ** ** Icyombo cyacu ni [Uburebure muri metero n'ibirenge] [ibara ryijimye] igicucu / catamaran. ** ** Turimo gutangiza ubuzima bwa orange kandi dukora EPIRB yacu 406. ** ** CYANE. "**

Kurekura buto ya Push-Kuvuga hanyuma wumve amasegonda 30. Niba nta sitasiyo isubiza kumuyoboro wa 16, subiramo guhamagarwa kwa Gicurasi kumunsi wiminota 2. Niba ufite ibirometero birenga 40 (22 kilometero nautique) kuruhande rwinyanja ya VHF kandi ukaba utwara transide ya Marine Single Sideband (SSB / HF), ohereza impanuka ya DSC kuri ** 2187.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312.0 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 12577.0 kHz, cyangwa 16804.5 kHz kHz, 8291 kHz, 12290 kHz, cyangwa 16420 kHz **.

Nigute ushobora gutangaza Gicurasi Gicurasi iyo wunvise ubundi bwato mubibazo¶

Niba wunvise umuhamagaro wa Mayday kuri Channel 16 uvuye mubwato bwakubiswe butabona igisubizo cyatanzwe nabayobozi ku nkombe nyuma yiminota ibiri, ufite inshingano zemewe n'amategeko munsi ya ** SOLAS Umutwe wa V, Amabwiriza 33 ** kugirango utange akamo.

1. Andika igihe, izina ryubwato bubabaye, MMSI, GPS ikora, na kamere yihutirwa.
2. Kohereza kumuyoboro wa 16: ** "GICURASI GICURASI, GICURASI GICURASI, GICURASI, GICURASI.

Amatara ya satelite yumubabaro: 406 MHz EPIRBs, PLBs, na AIS SARTs¶

Iyo ubwato burenze kilometero 35 kugeza kuri 50 (kilometero 20 kugeza 30 zuburebure) uvuye kubutaka, kugabanuka kwisi bibuza ibimenyetso bya VHF kugera kuri antene yinyanja. Kuri iyo ntera, ubuzima bwawe bwibanze ni ** Cospas-Sarsat icyogajuru cyo gushakisha no gutabara **, cyanyuze kuri ** 406 MHz Ikibanza cyihutirwa cyerekana Radio Beacon (EPIRB) ** cyangwa ** Beacon Yumuntu (PLB) **.

Amategeko yingenzi yo gukoresha 406 MHz EPIRB mubuzima¶

Kurikiza aya mategeko kugirango uzenguruke satelite ifunga ibimenyetso byawe:

• ** Komeza antenne ihagarike kandi ikureho inzitizi: ** EPIRB yohereza ibyuma bya watt 5 biturika buri masegonda 50 kuri 406 MHz. Gushyira igorofa ya EPIRB hasi yubuzima munsi yabakozi batose bahagarika ingufu za radio hamwe na chip imbere ya GPS. Ushobora kureremba EPIRB ikoresha amazi mumyanyanja ihambiriye kumurongo wubuzima hamwe na lanyard yayo, cyangwa ukayikubita hejuru ugana kumatara hamwe na antenne yerekeza mwijuru.
• ** Ntuzigere uzimya EPIRB kugirango ubike bateri imaze gukora: ** Umaze gufungura ON mugihe cyihutirwa, usige EPIRB ikomeza kugeza igihe uzamuriwe mubwato cyangwa kajugujugu. Kuzimya itara no kuzimya guhagarika ibyogajuru bikurikirana kandi bigahagarika ibimenyetso byo gutaha ** 121.5 MHz ** na ** AIS strobe ** kajugujugu zo gutabara zishingiye mugihe cya nyuma.
• ** Niba utabishaka ukora EPIRB mubitaguhangayikishije: ** Hindura ako kanya urumuri rwa OFF, hanyuma uhamagare ikigo cya hafi gishinzwe gutabara inkeragutabara (RCC) ** cyangwa sitasiyo ishinzwe kurinda inkombe na radiyo ya VHF cyangwa terefone kugirango utangaze ibinyoma ukoresheje indangamuntu yawe ya Hex 15, bityo bahagarike gushakisha nta gihano.

Kugenzura ibyangiritse mbere yo gutererana: kurwanya umwuzure, umuriro, no gusenya¶

Kuberako ubwato bwa metero 12 (metero 40) butanga ubwugamo buhebuje, amazi meza, hamwe nogutuza ugereranije nubuzima, itegeko ryibanze ryanyu ni ** kurwana kugirango ukize ubwato ** mugihe witegura gutererana.

Ibihe byihutirwa byumwuzure no kunanirwa-hull¶

Niba amajwi menshi ya bilge yumvikana cyangwa amazi yazamutse hejuru yibibaho:

1. ** Tangira pompe zose zamashanyarazi nintoki ako kanya ** hanyuma utangire moteri ya mazutu.
2. ** Shimisha cyangwa ugenzure ubushyuhe bwamazi ya bilge: ** Igikoresho cyamazi meza yatembye gishobora kwuzuza litiro 300 (litiro 80) zamazi yo kunywa atagira ingaruka. Amazi yumunyu yemeza ko hanze yinyanja cyangwa inyanja.
3. ** Shakisha inkomoko ukoresheje kwigunga kuri gahunda: ** Reba kashe ya moteri, icyuma cya podiyumu, imashini ifata moteri, ubwiherero bwo mu bwiherero, hamwe n’imiyoboro.
4. ** Twara icyuma cyoroshye cya pompe cyihuta mumashanyarazi yananiwe: ** Buri kintu cyose cyanyuze muri hull kigomba kuba gifite ** cyometse kuri softwood conical plug ** ihambiriye kumubiri wa valve. Niba inyanja yashegeshwe cyangwa shitingi ikananirwa, inyundo icyuma cyoroshye mugukingura.
5. ** Shyira materi yo kugongana hanze (kurigata ubwato) kuvunika hull: ** Niba ikintu cyarengewe n'amazi cyacitse imbere ya fiberglass hull imbere, uzenguruke jib iremereye cyangwa umuyaga ukabije uzengurutse hanze yumuheto ufashwe numurongo ugana munsi yigitereko kugera kumutwe. Umuvuduko wamazi unyunyuza umwenda mubwato, uca ibyinjira kugeza 80%.

Icyumba cy'amashanyarazi na moteri icyumba kirashya¶

Umuriro ku bwato bwa fiberglass uturuka hanze utanga uburozi bwa cyanide bwirabura hamwe numwotsi wa karubone monoxide mugihe ushonga amase munsi yumurongo wamazi.

• ** Funga banza uhindure lisansi na bateri: ** Kuramo umugozi wa mazutu ya mazutu, uhindure moteri ya solanoid ya OFF hanyuma ufunge valve ya tank, hanyuma uhindure ** Batteri Isolator ihinduka kuri OFF ** (nyuma yo kohereza VHF DSC Gicurasi).
• ** Ntuzigere ufungura icyuma gishyushya moteri: ** Gufungura agasanduku ka moteri bigaburira ogisijeni mumuriro, bigatera inyuma. Kureka kizimyamwoto-isuku (** FM-200, Novec 1230, cyangwa CO2 **) cyangwa icyuma-cyuma cyumuti ABC cyanyuze mucyumba cya moteri cyicyumba cya moteri ** urufunguzo rutarinze guterura.
• ** Kuyobora ubwato kumanuka kugirango umuriro ukwirakwira: ** Niba umuriro utangiye imbere, hindura inzira bityo umuyaga uhuha umwotsi kandi ugurumana kure ya cockpit hamwe nubuzima bwubuzima bwimbere.

Gusenya inyanja iremereye¶

Niba ibice bitwikiriye cyangwa amashyamba hamwe na masta yaguye kuruhande:

1. ** Konti kubakozi bose hanyuma urebe ibikomere byo mumutwe cyangwa umugongo. **
2. ** Ntugatangire moteri kugeza igihe ugenzuye ko nta murongo ugenda munsi yinyuma.
3. ** Rinda igikonjo igice cyacitse cya mast: ** Niba umuyoboro wa mast uri hejuru kumuraba kandi ugatera ubwoba ko uzacukura umwobo munsi yumurongo wamazi, gabanya ibyuma bihagaze kubusa. Koresha ** hydraulic rigging cutters **, chisel ikonje n'inyundo, cyangwa ukuremo ** cotter pin na clevis pin ** mumatembabuzi kugirango rigacike. Kureka santimetero 30 (metero 1) ya kabili ya coax kuri joriji-rig antenna yihutirwa ya VHF.

Ubusambo bwo mu nyanja, inzira ziteye inkeke, hamwe no kurinda ubwato buto¶

Ubujura bwitwaje intwaro mu nyanja hamwe n’ubwato buto bw’ubwato bukomeje kuba akaga muri koridoro yihariye yo mu nyanja: Ikigobe cya ** cya Aden, ikibaya cya Somaliya, n’inyanja itukura yo mu majyepfo (Bab-el-Mandeb) **, Ikigobe cya Gineya (Afurika y’iburengerazuba) **, ** Sulu na Celebes Inyanja (Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo ya Aziya) **

Kwiyandikisha mbere yo gutambuka muri koridor zo mu nyanja zifite ibyago byinshi¶

Mbere yo kwinjira ahantu hose hashobora guteza akaga (HRA) cyangwa ahantu hashobora gutanga raporo kubushake (VRA), ubwato bwo hanze bugomba kwandikisha gahunda yabanyuze mubigo bishinzwe kugenzura amazi mukarere kandi bigakurikiza ** Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyobora (BMP) **:

• ** Inyanja y'Ubuhinde, Inyanja Itukura, Ikigobe cya Aden, n'Inyanja y'Abarabu: ** Iyandikishe hamwe na ** Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano wo mu nyanja Ihembe rya Afurika (MSCHOA) ** (mschoa.org) no kohereza raporo yumwanya wa buri munsi kuri ** Ubwongereza Ibikorwa byubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja (UKMTO) ** ukoresheje imeri (watchkeepers@ukmto.org) cyangwa telefone ya satelite (+44 2392 222060).
• ** Ikigobe cya Gineya (Afurika y'Iburengerazuba): ** Iyandikishe kandi utange raporo kuri ** MDAT-GoG (Kumenyekanisha imiyoboro y'amazi yo mu nyanja - Ikigobe cya Gineya) ** binyuze watchkeepers@mdat-gog.org cyangwa telefone +33 2 98 22 88 88.
• ** Amajyepfo yAmajyepfo ya Aziya (Inzira ya Malacca, Inzira ya Singapore, Inyanja ya Sulu): ** Raporo kuri ** ReCAAP yo Guhana amakuru ** hamwe na ** Amakuru yo guhuza amakuru (IFC) Singapore ** (+65 6594 5728).
• ** Politiki yo Kumenyekanisha mu buryo bwikora (AIS): ** Kurikiza inama zubu UKMTO cyangwa MDAT-GoG zijyanye no gushyiraho Icyiciro B AIS kuri ** Uburyo bwo guceceka (Kwakira gusa) ** mugihe uhindura uturere twa piratage, hanyuma uhindure AIS ** usubire muri TRANSMIT ** ako kanya ubonye uburyo buteye amakenga cyangwa wohereze Gicurasi.

Gusuzuma uburyo buteye amakenga nubwato bwuburobyi bwaho¶

Abarobyi b'abanyabukorikori hirya no hino mu turere dushyuha, bakora skif yihuta kandi bakunze kwerekeza ku bwato kugira ngo bacuruze amafi cyangwa bakuburira kure y'urushundura. Tandukanya ubwato bwo kuroba n’ishyaka ryanga urunuka ukoresheje ibi bipimo:

Ibikorwa byoroshye no kurokoka mugihe cyo gukora cyangwa kwurira¶

Niba radar cyangwa amashusho yerekana ahantu hihuta cyane skifs ifunga kumurongo uhoraho nta bikoresho byo kuroba bigaragara:

1. ** Vuga induru, tangira moteri nkuru kuri RPM yuzuye, hanyuma ukangure abakozi bose. ** Umuntu wese yambara ikote ryubuzima (hamwe na PLB), imyenda yijimye, ninkweto, kandi yimuka munsi yamagorofa usibye umuyobozi.
2. ** Hindura amasomo 30 kugeza kuri 45 ako kanya kugirango ugerageze intego: ** Niba skiff ihinduye inzira kugirango ikomeze guhagarikwa kwerekeza kuruhande rwawe, fata nkuburyo bubi.
3. ** Kuyobora mu buryo butaziguye umuyaga uremereye kandi ucagaguye cyane: ** Skiffs yoroheje ya fiberglass itakaza amahirwe yihuta iyo yikubise mu nyanja ihanamye ya metero 1.5 kugeza kuri 2,5 (metero 5 kugeza kuri 8), kandi umuheto utera bigoye gufata urwego cyangwa intego yintwaro. Komeza ubwato butondekanye hamwe na moteri yuzuye.
4. ** Hamagara Piracy Mayday ako kanya hanyuma utere urumuri rwa satelite: **
   • Fata buto ya VHF DSC yumubabaro hanyuma utambike kumuyoboro wa 16: ** "GICURASI, GICURASI, GICURASI. GICURASI. Iyi ni yacht [Izina, Hamagara, MMSI]. Umwanya
   • Koresha **406 MHz EPIRB ** hanyuma ukande buto ya SOS kuri ** Iridium / Garmin inReach ** intumwa.
   • Hamagara ** UKMTO (+44 2392 222060) ** cyangwa ikigo cyo mukarere cyo kureba amato mukarere ka terefone yawe hanyuma ugasiga umurongo ufunguye.
5. ** Kumurikira igorofa no gutondekanya imirongo ikurikira: ** Nijoro, fungura amatara yumwuzure hanyuma ucane urumuri muri make werekeza kuri skiff. Komeza metero 50 (metero 165) zumurongo wa polypropilene ureremba kumurongo winyuma ugana kuri moteri mbi.
6. ** Niba abinjira mu ndege bashushanyije intwaro kandi bari kumwe, REKA KUBONA kandi utange amahoro: **
   • Abantu bitwaje imbunda nibamara kurasa cyangwa kuzamuka mu bwato, gukomeza kurwana bizica abakozi.
   • ** Ongera usubire inyuma utabogamye **, funga inzira ya mugenzi wawe imbere niba ufite igihome kinini (cyangwa uhagarare ufite amaboko yubusa yazamuye uburebure bwigitugu niba kuri etage), ** ntuzigere ukora ibintu bitunguranye **, irinde guhuza amaso bikabije, hanyuma uvuge utuje ko nta ntwaro zirimo.
   • Gumana ** "umufuka wikariso nu mufuka wa elegitoroniki" ** urimo amadorari 200 kugeza 400 US $, ikarita yarangiye, na terefone ishaje hafi yimbonerahamwe kugirango abajura barayifata baragenda.

Gutegura igikapu cyo mu mwobo no gushyira mu bikorwa ubuzima bugenzurwa¶

Niba umwuzure watsinze pompe yawe cyangwa umuriro ukaguhatira kuva mu bwato, kurokoka mubuzima bwo hanze (** ISO 9650-1 Ubwoko bwa 1 ** cyangwa ** SOLAS A-Pack **) biterwa nibyo uzana mubwato nuburyo urinda uruzitiro guturika.

Urutonde rwihutirwa rwo gufata umufuka (igikapu)¶

Gumana amazi adafite amazi, meza cyane ** umufuka wumwobo ** ushyizwe iruhande rwurwego rwumuhanda, wuzuyemo ibi bintu:

• ** Kwiyandikisha 406 MHz EPIRB ** hiyongereyeho ibikoresho ** Beacon Yumuntu Wihariye (PLB) ** na ** AIS SART **.
• ** Amazi adashobora kureremba hejuru ya VHF radio ** (bateri yishyuye wongeyeho alkaline AA backup).
• ** Inzira ebyiri zogutumanaho ** (Garmin inReach / Iridium) mumufuka wumye hamwe na banki yingufu ya mAh 10,000.
• ** SOLAS pyrotechnic na elegitoroniki yerekana akababaro: ** 4 parasute yumutuku, imirishyo 4 yumutuku, ibyuma 2 byumwotsi wa orange, 1 strobe idafite amazi LED SOS, nindorerwamo yerekana.
• ** Amazi yihutirwa: ** Kata bibiri ** litiro 10 (litiro 2,5-litiro) ya jerrycans ya plastike ** yuzuyemo bibiri bya gatatu byuzuye amazi meza (nuko bareremba) iruhande rwumufuka wumwobo, cyangwa upakira intoki ** revers-osmose ukora amazi ** hamwe na 125 mL.
• ** Indwara yo mu nyanja hamwe nibikoresho byubuvuzi: ** Kumunwa gusenyuka ** ondansetron (Zofran) ** cyangwa ** scopolamine ibishishwa ** hamwe na chewable ** meclizine ** ibinini, tourniquet, bande zidafite amazi, izuba, hamwe niminsi 14 yo gutanga imiti yabakozi.
• ** Ibiryo byo kurokoka hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro: ** Utubari twinshi twa calorie (2,400 kugeza 3,600 kcal), ** SOLAS imfashanyo irinda amashyuza (TPAs) **, icyuma kireremba hejuru, icyuma, amatara, gants ya nitrile, hamwe na kopi ya pasiporo no kwiyandikisha.

Intambwe-ku-ntambwe yoherejwe ubuzima hamwe nuburyo bwo kwinjira¶

Ntuzigere utangiza ubuzima bwa kare cyane; ubuzima butagabanijwe buhujwe n'umuyaga wa gale burashobora guhindagura cyangwa gufata umurongo wacyo mbere yuko umuntu yurira. Iyo gutererana ubwato biba bidashoboka:

1. ** Kugenzura umurongo wo gushushanya uhambiriwe kumurongo uremereye kuri yacht: ** Mbere yo gupakurura kanseri cyangwa valise, kuramo metero 1 (metero 3) kumurongo wera wamabara ** hanyuma urebe ko impera isharira yaciwe kumurongo ukomeye.
2. ** Fungura kanseri cyangwa valise kuruhande rwa LEEWARD (kumanuka): ** Fata hejuru yubuzima hejuru kuruhande rwa ** leeward ** (usibanganye ibishishwa byimbere kandi bigwa) kugirango umuyaga uhuhure ubwato * werekeza kuri * uruzitiro.
3. ** Kuramo umurongo wose wo gusiga amarangi hanyuma yank bigoye kurasa silindiri ya CO2: ** Ibikoresho byinshi byubuzima bifite umurongo wo gusiga amarangi ** metero 8 kugeza kuri 12 (metero 26 kugeza 40) z'uburebure **. Kuramo ** uburebure bwose ** hanze kugeza bihagaritse, hanyuma utange imbaraga zikomeye zamaboko abiri kugirango utere CO2 / N2 valve. Mu masegonda 20, uruzitiro ruzamuka.
4. ** Iburyo hejuru yubuzima niba buzamutse hejuru: ** Niba ihindagurika, koga yambaye ikote ryubuzima hanyuma akizirika ku bwato agomba kuzamuka kuruhande aho silinderi ya ** CO2 ** yimanitse, agafata umugozi wiburyo wa ** hejuru yubutaka hasi, yegamiye inyuma, hanyuma ukurura uruzitiro hejuru yumuyaga.
5. ** Kurura uruzitiro neza kuruhande hanyuma UKOMEZE KUMUKA: ** Kurura kumurongo wo gushushanya kugirango uzane ubwinjiriro bwinjira imbere ya gari ya moshi cyangwa urubuga rwo koga. Tera igikapu cy'umwobo n'amasafuriya y'amazi imbere. Gira abanyamuryango ba agile cyane cyane kubanza gutuza hasi no gufasha abandi imbere. ** Ntuzigere usimbukira hejuru yubuzima bwa **.
6. ** Kata umurongo wo gushushanya hamwe nicyuma cyumutekano imbere yumuryango winjira: ** Iyo abantu bose bamaze kwinjira kandi yacht irarohama cyangwa yaka hafi bihagije kugirango ushonge imiyoboro, fata ** icyuma kireremba hejuru ** cyometse kumuryango winjira hanyuma ucemo umurongo. Kohereza ** drogue (inyanja yinyanja) ** ako kanya kugirango ugende neza.

Kurokoka imbere yubuzima no gukora kajugujugu cyangwa gutabara ubwato¶

Umaze gukuraho ubwato bwababyeyi, shyira mu bikorwa inyanja ** Amahame ane yo kurokoka: Kurinda, Ahantu, Amazi, n ibiryo ** mugihe cyambere cyubwato.

Ako kanya ibikorwa-isaha yambere imbere mubuzima¶

1. ** Komeza inanga yinyanja (drogue): ** Kugenzura inyanja yinyanja yohereje kumurongo wa swivel ya metero 30 (metero 100) kugirango werekeza kumanuka kumanuka, kugabanya umuvuduko wa 70%, no guhagarara neza.
2. ** Kureka amazi yo mu nyanja hanyuma wumishe hasi burundu: ** Kwicara mugucisha amazi yinyanja bitwara ubushyuhe bwumubiri kandi bigatera ibisebe byamazi yumunyu na hypothermia. Koresha indobo ya bailer hamwe na sponges kugirango wumishe hasi, hanyuma ushireho ** insuline ya kabiri ya kabiri ** mumazi akonje.
3. ** Funga ibipapuro byinjira hanyuma ukwirakwize imiti yo mu nyanja: ** Shyira hasi umuyaga uhuha usize icyuho gito cyo guhumeka hejuru. Saba buri muntu gufata ** imiti igabanya ubukana ** ako kanya mbere yuko isesemi itangira.
4. ** Shinga kuzenguruka kw'isaha hanyuma uhambire ibintu byose: ** Ihambire umufuka wu mwobo, inkono y'amazi, EPIRB, hamwe na VHF ukoresheje intoki imbere yimbere yimbere kugirango hatagira ikintu kibura mukuzunguruka. Shiraho isaha 1 yo kureba amasaha azenguruka ku cyambu cyo kureba.

Amazi akomeye hamwe nibiryo byo kugaburira protocole mu nyanja¶

Umubiri wumuntu urashobora kubaho ibyumweru 3 nta biryo, ariko iminsi 3 kugeza kuri 6 gusa nta mazi meza:

• ** Amazi ya zeru mumasaha 24 yambere (keretse niba yakomeretse cyangwa abira ibyuya mubushyuhe bukabije): ** Mugihe cyamasaha 24 yambere, impyiko zawe zisohora amazi yinyongera nkinkari. Nyuma yamasaha 24, ration ** mililitiro 500 (ounci 16 / ibikombe 2) byamazi meza kumuntu kumunsi **, byanyoye buhoro.
• ** Ntuzigere unywa amazi yo mu nyanja cyangwa inkari: ** Amazi yo mu nyanja afite umunyu wikubye inshuro eshatu kurenza amaraso ashobora gutunganya; kunywa amazi yo mu nyanja bihatira impyiko zawe gukuramo amazi mu ngingo zawe kugirango usukure sodium irenze, bitera impyiko na delirium. Kunywa inkari bigira ingaruka zimwe.
• ** Ntukarye poroteyine, amafi, cyangwa ibiryo byumye udafite amazi menshi yo kunywa: ** Kurya poroteyine bitwara amazi yumubiri imbere kugirango asohore azote ya urea. Kurya karubone gusa ** SOLAS ibisuguti byo kubaho ** kugeza igihe ukusanyije amazi meza yimvura hejuru yinzu yogejwe.

Kajugujugu izamura gutabara no gutwara ubwato¶

Iyo kajugujugu yo gutabara cyangwa ubwato bwabacuruzi AMVER bugeze, iyimurwa rya nyuma risaba indero ikaze:

1. ** Shiraho radio kuri VHF Umuyoboro wa 16 hanyuma ukurikize amabwiriza yumudereva. Koresha urumuri rutukura rwa ** (rufashe kuruhande rwibihembo) **, ** umwotsi wa orange **, cyangwa ** LED SOS strobe **.
2. ** Witegure rotor-force rotor kumanuka: ** Kajugujugu iguruka itanga igisasu kimanuka kirenga ** 130 km / h (amapfundo 70) ** gishobora guhinduranya ubuzima. Shira ikariso yawe yubuzima hamwe nindorerwamo, ushireho ibikoresho bidahwitse, hanyuma usohoke mumazi mugihe uwoga wo gutabara agutegetse kubikora.
3. ** Ntuzigere ukora ku kajugujugu ya kajugujugu cyangwa agaseke kugeza igihe ikoze ku mazi cyangwa igorofa mbere: ** Rotor izunguruka yubaka ** 100.000 volt yumuriro w'amashanyarazi uhagaze ** kumurongo wo kuzamura. Gufata indobo mbere yuko igwa mu nyanja bitanga ihungabana. Reka amazi abanze hasi, ** ntuzigere uhambira umugozi wo kuzamura ubwato bwawe cyangwa ubuzima bwawe **, kandi ukomeze amaboko yawe imbere mugiseke.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Bigenda bite iyo mfashe buto itukura ya VHF DSC kumasegonda 5 mugihe radio yanjye idafite MMSI cyangwa GPS ihujwe?¶

Niba radiyo yawe ya VHF itarateguwe numero 9 ya MMSI, buto itukura DSC itukura ntishobora kohereza digitale; ugomba guhindukira kuri VHF Umuyoboro wa 16 hanyuma ugakora ijwi rya Gicurasi. Niba radio yawe ifite porogaramu ya MMSI idafite GPS yakira, gufata buto yumutuku kumasegonda 5 yohereza amakuru ya DSC ya digitale hamwe nubwato bwa MMSI bwubwato bwawe kumato yose hamwe na sitasiyo yinkombe, kandi ugomba gusoma uburebure bwawe n'uburebure mu ijwi riranguruye kumurongo wa 16.

Nabwirwa n'iki ko kugura no gutwara EPIRB cyangwa Beacon Yumuntu Wihariye (PLB) kubwato bwo hanze?¶

EPIRBs na PLB zombi zohereza kuri 406 MHz ya Cospas-Sarsat ya satelite yumubabaro hamwe na signal ya 121.5 MHz yo gutaha, ariko ikora imirimo itandukanye: EPIRB yanditswe mubwato, ireremba mu buryo bwikora, ikora kumazi ikoraho, kandi ikora byibuze amasaha 48 kuri dogere selisiyusi 20 (dogere 4 Fahrenheit). PLB yanditswe kumuntu ku giti cye, ikora amasaha 24, igomba gukoreshwa nintoki, kandi isaba koga gufata antenne hejuru y’amazi, bigatuma EPIRB ikenerwa mubwato na PLBs kuri buri kantu k'ubuzima bwa buri kipe.

Nakagombye kuguma mu bwato bwanjye bwangiritse cyangwa bwuzuyemo umwuzure cyangwa guhita ninjira mubuzima?¶

Keretse niba ubwato bwawe burimo kurohama munsi yinyanja cyangwa gutwikwa numuriro utagenzurwa, guma mu bwato mugihe utegura ubuzima hamwe. Mu isiganwa ryihuta ryo mu 1979 na Sydney muri 1998 kugeza ibiza bya Hobart Yacht Race, abakozi benshi barapfuye nyuma yo guterera ubwato bwangiritse mu mwobo w’ubuzima bwarohamye mu kumena imivumba, mu gihe ubwato bwabo bwatawe bwaje gusanga bureremba neza. Buri gihe ujye utera hejuru mubuzima gusa iyo yacht igenda.

Ubwato bw'imizigo y'abacuruzi burashobora gutabara ubwato buto cyangwa ubwato butwara ubuzima mubihe bibi byo hanze?¶

Nibyo, muri sisitemu ya Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Inkeragutabara (AMVER) hamwe ninshingano mpuzamahanga za SOLAS, amato ya kontineri yubucuruzi hamwe na tankeri ahora yayoborwa nibigo bishinzwe ubutabazi kugirango batabare ubwato bubabaye hanze. Iyo ubwato bunini bugenda hejuru yubuzima bwawe kugirango habeho amazi atuje kandi bikamanura urwego rwindege cyangwa urushundura munsi yicyuma cyarwo, utegereze kugeza igihe uruzitiro rufite umutekano iruhande, wambare ikoti yawe yubuzima, hanyuma ureke abashinzwe ubutabazi bazamure abarokotse bakoresheje igitebo cya crane aho kuzamuka urwego rwa metero 15 (metero 50) mukubyimba niba unaniwe.

Inkomoko yagenzuwe¶

• ** Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’amazi (IMO) na ICAO (Mpuzamahanga): ** * Igitabo cya IAMSAR, Umubumbe wa III * na * SOLAS Igice cya V, Amabwiriza 33 *.
• ** Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’itumanaho (ITU, Mpuzamahanga): ** * Amabwiriza ya Radiyo, Ingingo ya 32: Itumanaho ry’akababaro GMDSS *.
• ** Ingabo z’Amerika zirinda inkombe (USCG, Amerika): ** * GMDSS, DSC VHF Umuyoboro wa 70, 406 MHz Ibikorwa bya EPIRB, hamwe nuburyo bwa AMVER *.
• ** Ikigo cy’Ubwongereza gishinzwe umutekano n’inyanja (MCA) na RNLI (Ubwongereza): ** * Umutekano wo mu nyanja, Kurokoka ubuzima, hamwe na Kajugujugu Hi-Line yohereza *.
• ** OCIMF, ICS, BIMCO, na UKMTO (Mpuzamahanga): ** * Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyobora kuri Deter Piracy (BMP5) *.
• ** Ubwato bw'isi (Mpuzamahanga): ** * Amabwiriza adasanzwe yo hanze (OSR) yo mu cyiciro cya 0, 1, na 2 *.

Kuyobora¶

• Ubwato bwubwato bwihutirwa, kureka ubwato, numuntu hejuru
• Gufunga imipaka, gushakisha terefone, no kwanga kwinjira
• Ambasade n’ubufasha bwa konseye
• Ibihe byihutirwa byubuvuzi no kwimurwa mumahanga
• Inomero zihutirwa