Ivyago vyo gutwara ubwato ku kiyaga: VHF DSC Mayday, EPIRB ikora, no guheba ubwato bwo gukiza abantu¶

Gutwara ubwato ku nkengera y’ikiyaga canke guca mu bwato bwo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga uri mu bwato bwo kwisamaza, ubwato buto buzwi nka catamaran canke ubwato buto buto bw’ubudandaji biragukurako ubufasha bw’ivyihutirwa bw’igisagara. Igihe igikoresho co mu bwato gica mu bwato kicitse, umuriro w’umuyagankuba ukazuza umwotsi mu nzu y’ubwato, ubwato bugasenyuka mu kiyaga gikomeye, canke ubwato bugenda vyihuta cane bukegera bufise umugambi w’urwanko, kugira umuntu arokoke bivana n’uburyo mpuzamakungu bwo gutorera umuti ingorane zo mu kiyaga. Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ugutabara abantu bikoreshwa n’inyenyeri be n’amaradiyo bihujwe n’ishirahamwe ryitaho ubwato kw’isi yose (GMDSS) birashobora kumenya neza ubwato bwakubiswe aho hose kw’isi mu minota mikeyi, igihe gusa abakozi bo mu bwato baciye batera ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none n’ivy’ijwi bibereye imbere y’uko baheba ubwato.

Ubwoba n’uguheba mbere y’igihe ni amakosa abiri yica cane mu bihe vy’ivyihutirwa vy’amazi y’ubururu. Itohoza ry’abantu bapfa mu kiyaga ryerekana yuko ubwato buguma bureremba igihe kirekire inyuma y’aho abakozi babwo babuhevye ngo buje mu bwato bwo gukiza abantu. Keretse iyo ubwato bwawe buriko burarohama n’umwete munsi y’ibirenge vyawe, buriko burasha ata co bushobora gukora, canke buriko buramenagurika ku rutare, nurwanye kugira ngo ubwato bugume bureremba mu gihe uriko uratangaza imburi z’amagorwa biciye ku nkuru z’inyenyeri n’iz’amaradiyo. Iyi nkuru itanga intambwe ku yindi amategeko yo gutanga VHF Mayday ivugwa n’ikoreshwa mu buhinga bwa none, gukoresha itara ry’iradiyo ryerekana aho umuntu ari (EPIRB) ry’amajwi 406 megahertz (MHz), kwishura ku nzira z’abansi zo mu kiyaga, no gukora igikorwa gicunzwe co guhindura umuntu akaja mu bwato bwo gukiza ubuzima.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Ambara igitambaro co gukiza ubuzima co mu kiyaga n’umugozi wo kwikingira ubwo nyene. Fata umugozi wawe ku murongo w’indege canke ku ntumbero y’indege imbere y’uko utera intambwe ku gisenge. Nimba uri mu karere ka telefone ngendanwa, hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburaya, 999 mu Bwongereza) canke usuzume ivyacu . inomero z'ivyihutirwa guide, hanyuma ugahindukira ukaja ku maradiyo yo mu kiyaga VHF.
2. Kanda kandi ufate buto ya DISTRESS itukura ifise amapfundo ku maradiyo yawe ya VHF yo mu mazi mu masegonda 5 yuzuye. Ivyo birungika amakuru y’ingorane y’uguhamagara kw’ivyuma (DSC) ku murongo wa VHF 70 urimwo akaranga kawe k’imibare 9 k’ikimenyetso c’ibikorwa vyo mu mazi (MMSI) n’amakuru ya GPS ku bwato bwose na (ibilometero 22 gushika ku 32 vyo mu kiyaga).
3. Gutangaza ubutumwa buvuzwe ku musi wa gatanu ku murongo wa VHF 16 (156,8 MHz) ku nguvu za 25 watts. Rindira amasegonda 15 umaze kurekura buto ya DSC itukura, ukande kuri mikrofone Push-To-Talk (PTT), hanyuma uvuge buhoro buhoro: uvuge ngo "MAYDAY na,"MAYDAY na yourll, incuro zitatu, ushiremwo latitude na longitude yawe, udondore ivyihutirwa, uvuge igitigiri c'abantu bari mu bwato, hanyuma uheze uti "OVER."
4. Koresha EPIRB yawe y’inyenyeri 406 MHz n’amatara yawe bwite ya AIS/PLB nimba uri ku nkengera y’ikiyaga canke uri mu kaga gakomeye. Kura EPIRB mu gitereko cayo, ushire antene mu buryo buhagaze, uhindure igikoresho co guhindura amaboko ku ON, hanyuma uyibohe ku gafuko kawe canke ku nzira y’ubuzima kugira ngo irungike amakuru y’ubuzima.
5. Tegura umufuko w’umugende maze ushire ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima ku ruhande rw’umuyaga (uruja hasi) gusa nk’uburyo bwa nyuma. Zana umufuko wo gufata amazi y’ivyihutirwa, ibibindi vy’amazi yo kunywa vy’inyongera, iradiyo VHF idashobora guterwa n’amazi, n’ibimuri mu cumba c’indege. Bohera neza umurongo w’umusinzi w’ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima ku gipfukisho kiremereye co ku bwato imbere y’uko uterera iyo valise mu kiyaga.
6. Igihe cose utere intambwe HEJURU mu bwato bw’ubuzima; ntukigere utera intambwe mu mazi gushika igihimba c’ubwato kizimiye munsi yawe. Ubwato bufise ibitovu buracari ikintu kinini cane umuntu abona be n’ivyo akoresha radar kuruta ubwato bufise uburebure bwa metero 2 (amafuti 6,5). Gusa n’ukata umurongo w’umunyabugenegene igihe ubwato buvyeyi buriko burakwega ku mubiri ubwato bw’ubuzima bupfutse munsi y’amazi.

flowchart TD
    A["Ivyihutirwa vy'ubwato bwo mu kiyaga vyabonetse"] --> B{"Kamere y’Iterabwoba ry’Ubwo nyene?"}
    B -->|"Kurohama, Umuriro, Gusenyuka, canke Ingorane z'Ubuvuzi"| C["Umukozi wese wo mu bwato yambara ijaketi yo gukiza ubuzima, umugozi, na PLB"]
    B -->|"Ubwato buteye amakenga buriko bwegera mu mazi afise ingorane nyinshi"| D["Gufunga Inzira y'Abagenzi, Ihembe ry'Ijwi, Guhindura Inzira Mu Biyaga"]
    C --> E["Fata buto y’umutuku ya VHF DSC mu masegonda 5 (Igice ca 70)"]
    D --> F["Hamagara UKMTO / MSCHOA ukoresheje telefone y'inyenyeri maze ushireho SSAS / EPIRB"]
    E --> G["Gutangaza MAYDAY ivuzwe ku murongo wa VHF 16 (Inguvu nyinshi za 25W)"]
    G --> H["Gukoresha 406 MHz inyenyeri EPIRB no kugarura umufuko w'umugende"]
    F --> H
    H --> I{"Mbega Ubwato Bushobora Gukizwa n’Ukugenzura Ivyonona?"}
    I -->|"Ego: Amapompo arakora canke umuriro urimwo"| J["Gumana n'ubwato, gukomeza kuraba iradiyo, kwitegurira guterura indege y'intambara"]
    I -->|"Oya: Ubwato burarohama munsi y’umurongo w’amazi canke umuriro utagenzurwa"| K["Umusinzi wo gukingira, gutanguza ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima ku ruhande rw'i Leeward, gutera intambwe yumutse"]

Ivyiyumviro vy'amaradiyo y'amagorwa yo mu kiyaga: Mayday, Pan-Pan, na Securite¶

Amategeko mpuzamakungu agenga ivy’itumanaho ry’amatelefone arongowe n’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’itumanaho ry’amatelefone (ITU) hamwe n’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’ivy’itumanaho ry’ikiyaga (IMO) agabanya amakuru y’ivyihutirwa vyo mu kiyaga mu bice bitatu vy’ingenzi. Gukoresha ijambo ry’ikirundi ryiza bibwira ibibanza bihuza ibikorwa vy’ugutabara n’ubwato buri hafi nimba boca bahindukira ubwo nyene canke bagahagarara kugira ngo bafashwe vyihuse.

Uko guhamagara mu buryo bwa digitale (DSC) bikora kuri VHF Channel 70¶

Amaradiyo y’ikiyaga VHF y’ubu n’ibikoresho bifatwa mu minwe birimwo Uguhamagara mu buryo bw’ubuhinga bwa none (DSC). Mu gihe amasaha y’amajwi abera ku umurongo wa 16 wa VHF (156.800 MHz), iyo radiyo irakurikirana icarimwe umurongo wa 70 wa VHF (156.525 MHz) kugira ngo ibone amakuru y’ivyuma.

Iyo iradiyo yawe ya VHF ifatanye n’umurongo wa GPS kandi ikaba ifise inomero yawe y’imirongo 9 Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI), guterura igipfukisho c’impuzu no gufata buto itukura DISTRESS mu masegonda 5 birarangura ibikorwa bitatu:

1. Ugutanga GPS mu kanya nk’ako gukubita: Bikuraho ikosa ry’umuntu mu gusoma imibare ya latitude na longitude mu nzu y’umwiza.
2. Itobora amajwi: Ivuga inkengeri ku kiraro c’ubwato bwose bw’imizigo, ubwato bwose butwara amazi, n’umunara wo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga w’abacungera inkengera y’ikiyaga uri mu rwego rwo kubona.
3. Guhindura umurongo vy’ubuhinga: Guhatira abakira amaradiyo ku mato ari hafi guhindukira bakaja ku umurongo wa 16 kugira abapolisi b’ikiraro bumve ubutumwa bwawe buvuzwe haciye amasegonda 15.

Niba ufise amasegonda 10 imbere yo gufata buto itukura, koresha urufunguzo rwo kuri radiyo kugira uhitemwo Kamere y’Imibabaro (Kurohama, Umuriro/Igisasu, Ubusuma/Igitero c’intwaro, Umuntu ari hejuru y’ubwato, canke Guheba ubwato). Ahandi ho, gufata buto itukura birungika imburi Undesigned Distress n'ivyo GPS yawe ikora.

Inyandiko nyayo y'ikiganiro ca VHF kivugwa ku musi wa 16 Gitugutu¶

Igihe ikimenyetso c’amasegonda 5 ca DSC digital alert kirangije gutanga, rindira amasegonda 15, usuzume ko iradiyo yawe ishizwe kuri Channel 16 na 25 Watts (High Power), ufate mikoro ku masentimetero 5 (2 inches) uvuye ku kanwa kawe kugira ngo ntuve mu muyaga, hanyuma usome iyi nyandiko buhoro buhoro:

"UMUSI WA GITUGUTU, UMUNSI WA GITUGUTU, UMUNSI WA GITUGUTU. Ubu ni ubwato bugendera ku mazi [Izina ry'ubwato], [Izina ry'ubwato], [Izina ry'ubwato], Ikimenyetso c'uguhamagara [Ikimenyetso c'uguhamagara], MMSI [soma imibare 9 ku giti cayo]. MAYDAY, ubwato bugendera ku mazi [Izina ry'ubwato]. Ikibanza canje ni Latitude [Idegre n'iminota cumi mu Buraruko/Ubumanuko], Longitude [Idegre n'iminota y'icumi mu Buseruko/Uburengero]. Twarakubise ikintu kiri mu mazi kandi turiko turafata amazi vyihuta (canke umuriro wa leta / gusenyura / ubusuma). Turasaba gufashwa vuba. Hari [Igitigiri] c'abantu bakuze n'[Igitigiri] c'abana bari mu bwato. Ubwato bwacu ni [Uburebure mu metero n'amaguru] [ibara ry'umubiri] sloop/catamaran. Turiko turatanguza ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima bw'umutuku kandi turiko turakoresha 406 EPIRB yacu. BIHEZE."

Rekura buto Push-To-Talk maze wumvirize amasegonda 30. Nimba ata kinyamakuru gisubiza kuri Channel 16, nusubiremwo ijambo ry’umunsi wa Gitugutu mu minota 2. Niba uri ku bilometero birenga 40 ku nkengera y’ikiyaga birenze urugero rwa VHF kandi ufise igikoresho co kwakira amajwi co mu mazi (SSB / HF), urungike imburi y’amagorwa ya DSC ku 2187.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312.0 kHz244, 84,1. 16804,5 kHz, hanyuma hakaza umusi wa Gitugutu uvugwa ku 2182 kHz, 4125 kHz, 6215 kHz, 8291 kHz, 12290 kHz, canke 16420 kHz.

Uko wotangaza umukino wa Mayday Relay iyo wumvise ubundi bwato buri mu bibazo¶

Iyo wumvise ijwi ry’umunsi wa Gitugutu ry’agahomerabunwa ku rubuga rwa Channel 16 rivuye mu bwato bwakubiswe ata n’inyishu ironka ku buyobozi bwo ku nkombe inyuma y’iminota ibiri, urafise inshingano itegekanijwe n’amategeko hakurikijwe SOLAS Igice ca V, Itegeko rya 33 ryo gutanga iryo hamagara ry’amagorwa:

1. Inyandiko y’igihe, izina ry’ubwato buri mu kaga, MMSI, amakuru ya GPS, n’ingene ibintu vyihutirwa vyifashe.
2. Gutangaza ku murongo wa 16: **"IKIMENYETSO C'UMUSI WA 16, IKIMENYETSO C'UMUSI WA 16, IKIMENYETSO C'UMUSI WA 16. Ibibanza vyose, ubu ni ubwato bugendera ku mazi [Izina ry'ubwato bwawe, Ikimenyetso c'uguhamagara, MMSI] incuro zitatu. Ibikurikira vyakiriwe n'ubwato bugendera ku mazi [Izina ry'ubwato bufise ingorane] ku [Igihe UTC6] ku Murongo wabo na1.

Ivyerekana ingorane bikoreshwa n'inyenyeri: EPIRBs za 406 MHz, PLBs, na AIS SARTs¶

Iyo ubwato buri ku bilometero birenga 35 canke 50 uvuye ku butaka, iyo isi igoramye birabuza ibimenyetso vya VHF gushika ku ma antene yo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga. Kuri iyo ntambwe, umurongo wawe w’ubuzima ni Uburyo bwo kurondera no gutabara bukoreshwa n’inyenyeri Cospas-Sarsat, ushobora gushikako biciye ku Itara ry’Iradiyo ry’Ivyihutirwa ry’406 MHz (EPIRB) canke Itara ry’Umuntu (PLB).

Amategeko ahambaye yo gukoresha EPIRB y'amajwi 406 MHz mu bwato bwo gukiza ubuzima¶

Kurikiza aya mategeko kugira ngo inyenyeri zizunguruka zikingire ikimenyetso cawe:

• Guma antene ihagaze kandi idafise ikintu kiyibuza: EPIRB itanga umuyagankuba w’amashanyarazi w’amawatt 5 buri masegonda 50 ku 406 MHz. Gushira EPIRB hasi mu bwato bwo gukiza ubuzima munsi y’abakozi bo mu bwato batose birazibira inguvu za radiyo n’igice ca GPS co mu mutima. Ushobora guterera EPIRB ikoreshwa n’amazi mu kiyaga iboshe ku bwato bwo gukiza abantu n’umugozi wayo, canke ukayibohesha ku nzira y’urusenga, antene ikaba yerekeza ku kirere.
• Ntukigere uzima EPIRB kugira ngo uzigame bateri iyo umaze gukora: Iyo umaze gufungura ON mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa, reka EPIRB ikomeze gukora gushika ushizwe hejuru mu bwato bwo gutabara canke mu ndege y’intambara. Gufungura no kuzima itara bica bihagarika ugukurikirana kw’inyenyeri kandi bikahagarika ikimenyetso co gushika aho kiri 121,5 MHz na AIS strobe ivyo indege zitwara abantu zikoresha mu gihe ziriko zirashika.
• Niwaba ukoresheje EPIRB mu mpanuka ata ngorane: Zima itara ubwo nyene, hanyuma uhamagare Ikigo co guhuza ibikorwa vy’ubutabazi (RCC) canke ikigo c’abajejwe umutekano ku nkengera y’ikiyaga kiri hafi cane ukoresheje iradiyo ya VHF canke telefone kugira ngo umenyeshe imburi y’ikinyoma ukoresheje urupapuro rwawe rw’inyuguti 15 rwitwa Hex IDal, kugira ngo bashobore.

Gucungera ivyonona imbere yo guheba: kurwanya umwuzure, umuriro, no gusenyura¶

Kubera ko ubwato bufise metero 12 (amafuti 40) butanga ubuhungiro bwiza, amazi meza, n’ugushikama ugereranije n’ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima, itegeko ryawe rya mbere ni kurwana kugira ngo ukize ubwato mu gihe witeguriye guheba mu buryo bumwe.

Umwuzure w'ubwato vyihutirwa n'ugusenyuka kw'ubwato¶

Iyo inkengeri y’amazi menshi ivuze canke amazi akaduga hejuru y’ibiti vyo hasi:

1. Utangure amapompo yose y’amazi y’umuyagankuba n’ay’amaboko ubwo nyene hanyuma utangure moteri ya dizeli.
2. Sogora canke usuzume ubushuhe bw’amazi y’ibarabara: Igikoresho co gupima amazi meza gishobora gusesagura amazi yo kunywa atagira akamaro angana na litiro 300 (amagaloni 80). Amazi y’umunyu yemeza ko hariho igice c’inyuma c’ubwato canke igikoko c’ikiyaga.
3. Tora isoko mu kwitandukanya n’abandi mu buryo butunganye: Suzuma ikidodo c’umugozi w’indege, igihimba c’inyuma c’indege, igikoresho co gusesa amazi yinjira muri moteri, ibikoresho vyo mu bwiherero, n’imigende y’amazi yo mu binogo.
4. Gutwara igipfukisho c’ibiti vyoroshe mu bipfunsi vy’ikiyaga vyananiwe: Igikoresho cose co mu gipfukisho c’ubwato gikwiye kuba gifise igipfukisho c’ibiti vyoroshe gipfutse kiboshe ku mubiri w’ibarabara. Iyo igikoko co mu kiyaga gicitse canke umuyoboro w’amazi ukabura, nutere inyundo igipfukisho c’ibiti vyoroshe mu mfuruka.
5. Gushireho igitambaro co hanze co gutera (fothering a sail) ku bijanye n’uguca ibice kw’ubwato: Iyo ikintu kiri mu mazi gica ibice vy’ubwato vy’ibara ry’agahama imbere, zinga igiti kiremereye c’ubwato canke storm trysail ukikuze neza hanze y’umuheto ufashwe n’imirongo ijana munsi y’umuheto ku bikoresho vy’ugutera ubwato. Igitutu c’amazi kiranyonga igitambaro c’ubwato kikaja mu gipfukisho, kigatuma amazi yinjira mu bwato gushika ku bice 80 kw’ijana.

Amashanyarazi yo mu kiyaga n'umuriro wo mu cumba ca moteri¶

Umuriro uri ku bwato bukozwe mu mpuzu z’ibirahuri ku nkengera y’ikiyaga utanga umwotsi w’ubumara w’umukara w’umukara n’uw’umuyagankuba mu gihe uriko urashongera amazi ari munsi y’umurongo w’amazi.

• Ubanze uzime amavuta n’amabateri: Kura umugozi wo kuzima amavuta ya dizeli, uzime amavuta ya solenoid ya propane maze ufunge valve y’itangi, hanyuma uzime Imavuta y’Isolator ya Bateri (umaze kohereza VHF DSC yawe Mayday).
• Ntukigere ufungura urugi rw’aho moteri ishushe: Gufungura isandugu ya moteri bitanga umwuka w’ikirere (oxygène) ku muriro, bikaba bituma umuriro w’inyuma utera umuriro. Sohora igizimya umuriro gikoreshwa n’ibintu bisukuye (FM-200, Novec 1230, canke CO2) canke igizimya umuriro gikoreshwa n’imiti yumye ABC uciye mu umwobo w’umuriro wo mu cumba ca moteri utaduze urufunguzo.
• Guyobora ubwato mu muyaga kugira ngo urubeya ntirukwiragire buhoro: Iyo umuriro wadutse imbere, hindura inzira kugira ngo umuyaga ufuhe umwotsi n’imbeya kure y’aho umudereva w’indege n’aho ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima bushirwa inyuma.

Gusenyura mu biyaga bikomeye¶

Iyo igipfukisho canke ibice vy’ishyamba bigabanutse maze igiti c’ubwato kigatera ku ruhande:

1. Ikonti y'abakozi bose kandi usuzume ko ata bikomere vyo mu mutwe canke vyo mu mugongo.
2. Ntutangure moteri gushika umenye ko ata mirongo iriko irakurikira munsi y’inyuma y’ubwato. Guzingira umugozi w’umugozi w’ubwato bituma umuduga udakora.
3. Kingira igiti c’ubwato igice c’igiti c’ubwato cavunitse: Nimba igiti c’ubwato kiriko kiratera hejuru ku mipfunda kandi kikaba gitera ubwoba bwo gutobora igiti c’ubwato munsi y’umurongo w’amazi, kata igiti c’ubwato gihagaze. Koresha ibikoresho bicapura ivyuma bikoreshwa n’amazi, igikoresho co gucapura n’inyondo bikonje, canke ukure ibipimo vy’ivyuma n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma mu bipfukisho vy’ivyuma kugira ngo ivyuma bitere neza. Siga umugozi w’ivyuma w’amasentimetero 30 kugira ngo ukoreshe antene ya VHF y’ivyihutirwa.

Ubusuma bwo mu kiyaga, uburyo buteye amakenga, n'ukwikingira ubwato buto¶

Ubusuma bw’intwaro mu kiyaga be n’ugutera ubwato buto buteye akaga biracari akaga mu nzira zimwe zimwe zo mu kiyaga: Ikiyaga ca Aden, Ikiyaga ca Somaliya, n’Ikiyaga Gitukura co mu bumanuko (Bab-el-Mandeb), Ikiyaga ca Gineya (Afirika y’Uburengero), Ikiyaga ca Sulu n’ica CelebesIkiyaga ca Malaccare Aziya ( Ibiyaga**, n’ibice vyihariye vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga vyo muri amajepfo ya Karayibe no muri Amerika yo hagati.

Ukwandikisha imbere y'uguca mu bibanza vy'ikiyaga bifise ingorane nyinshi¶

Imbere yo kwinjira mu karere kose k’akaga gakomeye (HRA) canke mu karere k’ugutanga raporo ku bushake (VRA), ubwato bwo mu kiyaga butegerezwa kwandika umugambi wabwo wo guca mu bigo vy’akarere bigenzura ivy’ikiyaga no gukurikiza amabwirizwa Imigenzo myiza y’uburongozi (BMP):

• Ikiyaga c'Ubuhindi, Ikiyaga Gitukura, Ikiyaga ca Adeni, n'Ikiyaga c'Abarabu: Iyandikishe Ikigo c'Umutekano wo mu Kiyaga c'Ihembe rya Afirika (MSCHOA) (mschoa.org) kandi wohereze raporo z’ibikorwa ku musi ku musi ku Ishirahamwe ry’ubudandaji ryo mu mazi ryo mu Bwongereza (UKMTO) biciye kuri email (watchkeepers@ukmto.org) canke telefone y’inyenyeri (+44 2392 222060).
• Ikiyaga ca Guinée (Afirika y'Uburengero): Kwiyandikisha no gutanga raporo kuri MDAT-GoG (Ubumenyi bw'Ikiyaga ku Bucuruzi - Ikiyaga ca Gineya) biciye ku watchkeepers@mdat-gog.org canke telefone +33 2 98 22 88 88.
• Aziya y’amajepfo (Ikiyaga ca Malacca, Ikiyaga ca Singapore, Ikiyaga ca Sulu): Raporo ku Ikigo co gusangira amakuru ca ReCAAP no ku Ikigo co gukorana amakuru (IFC) Singapore (+65 6594 5728).
• Itegeko ry'uburyo bwo kumenya umuntu (AIS): Kurikiza impanuro za UKMTO canke MDAT-GoG zijanye n'uko woshinga AIS yo mu rwego rwa B ku Uburyo bwo guceceka (Kwakira gusa) mu gihe uriko uraca mu bice vy'ubusuma, hanyuma uhindure AIS usubire ku GUTANGA BUSHITSE umusi wose ubonye ko hari ikintu giteye ubwoba.

Gusuzuma uburyo buteye amakenga n'ubwato bwo kuroba bwo mu karere¶

Abarovyi b’abanyabuhinga bo mu bihugu vy’ubushuhe barakoresha ubwato bufunguye vyihuta kandi kenshi baragenda baja ku bwato buto kugira ngo bagurishe amafi canke bakugabishe kure y’insenga. Gutandukanya ubwato bwo kuroba n’umugwi w’abansi ukoresheje ibi bimenyetso:

Guhunga n'ibikorwa vyo kurokoka mu gihe co kwegera canke kwinjira mu ndege¶

Iyo radar canke ibikoresho vy’amaso bibona ubwato bwihuta cane bupfutse ku nzira idahinduka ata bikoresho vyo kuroba bibonetse:

1. Vurira inkengeri, utangure moteri nini ku rugero rwo hejuru, hanyuma uvyure abakozi bose. Umuntu wese yambara ijaketi y’ubuzima (irimwo PLB), impuzu zirabura, n’inkweto, maze akagenda munsi y’ibitanda vy’ubwato kiretse uwurongoye ubwato.
2. Hindura inzira 30 gushika kuri 45 degrees ubwo nyene kugira ngo ugerageze umugambi: Nimba ubwato buhindura inzira kugira ngo bugumye bufata inzira buhora buja ku nyuma yawe, bufate nk’uburyo bw’urwanko.
3. Ugendere mu muyaga uremereye cane no mu mipfunda iteye igomwe cane: Ubwato buto bukoreshwa n’ivyuma vy’ibirahuri buratakaza umuvuduko wabwo iyo buteye mu kiyaga giteye igomwe c’amametero 1,5 gushika kuri 2,5 (amafuti 5 gushika ku 8), kandi gutera imiheto bituma bigorana gufata ingazi canke gutera ibirwanisho. Gumana amabarabara y’ubwato afise amabara agororotse, moteri ikaba iri ku rwego rwo hejuru.
4. Gutangaza umusi mukuru wa Piracy Mayday ubwo nyene maze ushireho amatara y'inyenyeri:
   • Fata buto ya VHF DSC Distress maze uyitangaze ku murongo wa 16: **"UMUSI WA GITUKURU, UMUSI WA GITUKURU, UMUSI WA GITUKURU. Ubu ni ubwato [Izina, Ikimenyetso c'Ihamagara, MMSI]. Ikibanza [Lat/Long]. Turaterwa n'intwaro n'ubwato [Umubare]. Usabe imfashanyo y'igisirikare vuba."
   • Ukoreshe EPIRB yawe ya 406 MHz hanyuma ukande kuri buto ya SOS iri ku ntumwa yawe Iridium / Garmin inReach.
   • Hamagara UKMTO (+44 2392 222060) canke ikigo c’akarere c’abasirikare bo mu mazi kuri telefone yawe y’inyenyeri maze usige umurongo ufunguye.
5. Mumurikire imirongo y’inyuma y’ubwato n’umugezi: Mw’ijoro, mushire amatara y’umuyagankuba maze mumurikire gatoyi itara ry’ubwato. Ugeze metero 50 (amafuti 165) y’umurongo w’ivyuma bireremba biva ku mpande zompi z’inyuma y’ubwato gushika ku bikoresho vy’indege bihumanye.
6. Nimba aba boarders bafise ibirwanisho bakwegeye kandi bari iruhande, MUREKE GUHUNGANA mwihebe amahoro:
   • Igihe abagabo bitwaje ibirwanisho bari mu nzira y’ugutera canke kuduga mu bwato, kubandanya barwana bizotuma abakozi bo mu bwato bicwa.
   • Throttle back to neutral, ufunge urugi rw’inzira y’abagenzi imbere nimba ufise igihome c’ibarabara (canke uhagarare amaboko ataco ufise ushize hejuru ku rutugu nimba uri ku bwato), ntiwigere ukora ibintu bitunguranye, wirinde guca mu maso, kandi uvuge utuje ko ata birwanisho biri mu bwato.
   • Gumana "decoy wallet n'igikapu c'ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none" kirimwo amadolari y'Amerika 200 gushika kuri 400, ikarita yarangije igihe, na telefone ya kera hafi y'imeza y'ibiharuro kugira ngo abasuma bayifate bagende.

Gutegura umufuko w'umugende no gukora igikorwa co gutera ubuzima¶

Iyo umwuzure unesheje amapompo yawe canke umuriro ukaguhatira kuva mu bwato, kurokoka mu bwato bwo gukiza ubuzima bwo mu kiyaga (ISO 9650-1 Type 1 canke SOLAS A-Pack) bivana n’ico uzana mu bwato n’ingene ubuza ubwato guhuha.

Urutonde rw'ibintu vyo gufata umufuko wo mu kiyaga (umufuko wo mu mwobo)¶

Gumana umufuko w’umugende udashobora guterwa n’amazi, ushobora gutera neza, ushizwe iruhande y’ingazi y’inzira y’abagenzi, wuzuye ibi bintu:

• EPIRB yanditswe 406 MHz yongeweko Itara ry’Umuntu (PLB) ry’inyuma na AIS SART.
• Iradiyo VHF ifatwa mu minwe ireremba amazi (bateri ishaje hamwe n’ivy’inyuma vy’amazi).
• Igikoresho co guhanahana amakuru gikoreshwa n’inyenyeri (Garmin inReach / Iridium) kiri mu gafuko k’umye gafise amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 10.000 mAh.
• Ibimenyetso vy’umubabaro vy’ubuhinga bwa none n’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none vya SOLAS: Ivyuma 4 vy’umutuku vy’iparachute, ivyuma 4 vy’umutuku bifatwa mu minwe, ibikoresho 2 vy’umwotsi vy’umutuku, strobe 1 y’umuco w’umuco (LED SOS strobe) idashobora guterwa n’amazi, n’indorerwamo y’ikimenyetso.
• Gufata amazi mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa: Fata ibibindi bibiri vy’amapulasitike vy’amalita 10 (2,5-gallon) vyuzuye bibiri vya gatatu vyuzuye amazi meza (kugira ngo birerembe) iruhande y’umufuko w’umugende, canke ushiremwo igikoresho co gukora amazi gikoreshwa n’amaboko n’imifuko y’amazi y’imililitiro 125.
• Indwara z’ikiyaga n’ibikoresho vyo kuvura: Ivyo gusenyura ondansetron (Zofran) canke ibipande vya scopolamine bishobora gusenyuka mu kanwa n’ibipande vy’imiti meclizine bishobora gutabwa, igitambaro co gupfuka, imibavu idashobora guterwa n’amazi, ikintu co kwikingira izuba, n’imiti y’abakozi bo mu bwato ishobora gukoreshwa mu misi 14.
• Ivyokurya vyo kurokoka n’ibikoresho vyo gukingira ubushuhe: Ivyokurya vy’amakalori menshi (2.400 gushika kuri 3.600 kcal), Ibikoresho vyo gukingira ubushuhe vya SOLAS (TPAs), imbugita ireremba ifise umutwe udakomeye, imigozi, itara, amaganzu y’amazi n’amakopi y’ivyandiko vy’urugendo.

Intambwe ku yindi gushiraho ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima n'uburyo bwo kwinjira¶

Ntukigere utera ubwato bwo gukiza abantu kare cane; ubwato bwo gukiza abantu butagira ivyuma buboshe mu miyaga y’inkubi y’umuyaga burashobora guhindukiza canke guca umurongo wabwo imbere y’uko umuntu wese yinjira. Igihe guheba ubwato biba ikintu kidashobora kwirindwa:

1. Suzuma ko umurongo w’umusinzi uboshe ku gipfukisho kiremereye ku bwato: Imbere yo gufungura igikombe canke igikapu, ukureho metero 1 (amafuti 3) y’umurongo w’umusinzi** w’umweru maze ugenzure ko impera irura iboshe ku gipfukisho gikomeye co ku bwato.
2. Twara igikombe canke igikapu ku ruhande rw'umuyaga (uruhande rw'umuyaga): Tera ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima hejuru y'ikiyaga ku ruhande rw'inyuma rw'ubwato** (kurekura ubwato n'ibipande vy'ubwato bigwa) kugira ngo umuyaga ufuhe ubwato buja ku bwato.
3. Kura umurongo wose w’abasinzi maze uwukure cane kugira ngo ushire umuriro ku gitereko ca CO2: Ivyuma vyinshi vy’ubuzima bifise umurongo w’abasinzi uburebure bwa metero 8 gushika kuri 12. Kurura uburebure bwose hanze gushika buhagaze, hanyuma ushireho inguvu z’ugukurura n’amaboko abiri kugira ngo utere umuvuduko wa CO2/N2. Mu masegonda 20, iyo bwato izovyimba.
4. Ushire iburyo ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima iyo bupfutse buhindukiye: Iyo buhindukiye, uwuyoga yambaye impuzu yo gukiza ubuzima kandi aboshe ku bwato ategerezwa kuduga ku ruhande aho cylindre ya CO2 imanitse, agafata umugozi wo gukingira ubuzima akajabuka hasi hasi, agaca yiheka inyuma, maze akakwegera ubwato hejuru mu wind.
5. Kura ubwato bukomeye iruhande maze STEP UP URYUMYE: Kurura ku murongo w’abasinzi kugira ngo uzane ubwinjiriro bwo kwinjira mu bwato bube bwiza ku nzira y’umuyaga canke ahantu ho kwogera. Ubanze utere umufuko w’umugende n’ibibindi vy’amazi imbere. Ugire board y’abakozi b’abakozi b’abanyabwenge kuruta abandi bose kugira ngo babanza guhagarika hasi no gufasha abandi bari imbere. Ntukigere usimbira ku gipfukisho c'ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima.
6. Katura umurongo w’umusinzi n’icumu ry’umutekano riri imbere mu bwinjiriro bw’ubwato: Igihe bose bari imbere kandi ubwato buriko burarohama canke buriko burasha hafi cane ku buryo bushobora gushongera imiyoboro, ushiremwo icumu rireremba ry’umutwe usongoye ryuzuye iruhande y’umuryango w’injira maze uce umurongo w’umusinzi. Mushire drogue (nanga yo mu kiyaga) ubwo nyene kugira ngo mugende neza.

Kurokoka imbere mu bwato bwo gukiza ubuzima no gukora igikorwa co gutabara abantu mu ndege itwara abantu canke mu bwato¶

Uhejeje kuva mu bwato bw’umuvyeyi, ushire mu ngiro ivy’ikiyaga Ingingo ngenderwako zine zo kurokoka: Ugukingira, Aho uri, Amazi, n’Ivyokurya mw’isaha ya mbere uri mu bwato.

Ibikorwa vy'isaha ya mbere vyihuta imbere mu bwato bwo gukiza ubuzima¶

1. Stream the sea anchor (drogue): Suzuma ko nanga y’ikiyaga y’impuzu yashizwe ku murongo wayo w’amametero 30 (amafuti 100) kugira ngo igere ku bwinjiriro mu muyaga, igabanye ukugenda kw’amazi n’ibice 70 kw’ijana, kandi ihagarare neza kugira ngo ntiyihindukire.
2. Bail out amazi y'ikiyaga no kwumisha hasi neza: Kwicara mu mazi y'ikiyaga agenda arasesagura bikura ubushuhe bwo mu mubiri kandi bikazana ibisebe vy'amazi y'umunyu n'ubushuhe bwinshi. Koresha indobo y’amazi n’ibiponji kugira ngo wume hasi, hanyuma upfuke insulation double floor mu mazi akanye.
3. Funga ibipfukisho vy’injira y’igisenge maze ugabanye imiti y’indwara y’ikiyaga: Zipa hasi ibipfukisho vy’umuyaga usige akazu gatoyi k’impwemu hejuru. Umuntu wese afate umuti wo kurwanya indwara y’ikiyaga ubwo nyene imbere y’uko iseseme itangura.
4. Guha isaha zizunguruka maze ubohe vyose: Boha umufuko w’umugende, ibibindi vy’amazi, EPIRB, na VHF ifatwa mu minwe ku nzira z’ubuzima zo mu mutima kugira ngo ntihagire ikintu kizimira iyo umuntu ahindukiye. Gushinga isaha 1 y’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ku cambu co kuraba.

Amategeko akomeye y'ugutanga amazi n'ibifungurwa ku kiyaga¶

Umubiri w’umuntu ushobora kubaho indwi 3 udafunguye, ariko imisi 3 gushika ku 6 gusa udafise amazi meza:

• Amazi ntaco ufise mu masaha 24 ya mbere (kiretse iyo wakomeretse canke ucuya mu bushuhe bukaze): Mu masaha 24 ya mbere, amafyigo yawe asohora amazi menshi nk’amasobe. Inyuma y’amasaha 24, umugabane militiro 500 z’amazi meza (16 ounces / 2 cups) ku muntu ku musi, ukanywa buhoro buhoro.
• Ntukigere unywera amazi y’ikiyaga canke amasobe: Amazi y’ikiyaga afise umunyu uruta incuro zitatu amaraso ashobora gukora; kunywa amazi yo mu kiyaga bituma amafyigo yawe akura amazi mu bihimba vyawe kugira ngo akuremwo sodium irengeje urugero, ivyo bikaba bituma amafyigo adakora neza kandi akagira ububabare bwo mu mutwe. Kunywa amasobe biragira ingaruka mbi nk’izo nyene.
• Ntukarye poroteyine, ifi, canke ivyokurya vyumye ata mazi menshi yo kunywa: Gufata poroteyine mu mubiri bifata amazi yo mu mubiri kugira ngo usohore azote ya urea. Murye gusa ivyo birimwo ibinure ibisuguti vy’ubuzima vya SOLAS gushika mukwegeranije amazi meza y’imvura ku gisenge c’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.

Helicopter iduza ubutabazi n'umutekano wo gutora ubwato¶

Iyo indege y’ubutabazi canke ubwato bw’ubudandaji bwa AMVER bushitse, ukwimurirwa kwa nyuma bisaba indero ikomeye:

1. Shiraho amakuru y’iradiyo kuri VHF Channel 16 kandi ukurikize amabwirizwa y’umudereva. Ntukigere utera umuriro w’ibisasu vy’indege iyo iriko iraza. Koresha umuco w’umutuku ufatwa mu ntoke (ufashwe hejuru y’uruhande rw’umuyaga), umwotsi w’umutuku, canke umuco w’umutuku w’umuco w’umuco.
2. Itegure gusukura umurongo w’inkubi y’umuyaga: Indege igendagenda itera igisasu kija hasi kirenze 130 km/h (70 knots) gishobora guhindukiza ubwato bwo gukiza ubuzima. Ambara ijaketi yawe yo gukiza ubuzima n’amataratara, ushiremwo ivyuma bipfutse, hanyuma usohoke mu mazi gusa iyo uwugutabara akutegetse kubigira.
3. Ntukigere ukora ku mugozi canke ku giseke co guterura indege y’intambara gushika ibanza gukora ku mazi canke ku gitereko c’indege: Igikoresho co guterura 100.000 volts z’umuyagankuba udahinduka ku nsinga y’indege yo guterura. Gufata urusenga imbere y’uko rutera mu kiyaga biratuma umuntu agira ubwoba. Reka amazi abanze gutera umugozi hasi, ntiwigere ubohera umugozi wo guterura ku bwato bwawe canke ku bwato bwo gukiza ubuzima, kandi ugume upfutse amaboko imbere mu giseke.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Bigenda gute iyo mfashe buto y’umutuku ya VHF DSC Distress mu masegonda 5 kandi radiyo yanje idafise MMSI canke GPS ihuriweko?¶

Nimba iradiyo yawe ya VHF itashizwe muri porogarama y’umubare wa MMSI w’imirongo 9, buto itukura ya DSC Distress ntizotanga umubare w’imirongo; utegerezwa guhindukira ukaja kuri VHF Channel 16 ugakora ijwi ry’ikiganiro ca Mayday. Niba iradiyo yawe ifise porogarama ya MMSI ata GPS irimwo, gufata buto itukura mu masegonda 5 birungika ubutumwa bwa DSC bufise akaranga ka MMSI k’ubwato bwawe ku bwato bwose n’ibibanza vyo ku nkombe, kandi utegerezwa gusoma latitude na longitude yawe n’ijwi rirenga kuri Channel 16.

Nomenya gute ko nogura no gutwara EPIRB canke Itara ry’Umuntu (PLB) ryo gutwara ubwato mu kiyaga?¶

EPIRBs zompi na PLBs zirungika ku nkuru y’umubabaro y’inyenyeri Cospas-Sarsat 406 MHz n’ikimenyetso c’ugushika ku 121,5 MHz, ariko zikora uruhara rutandukanye: EPIRB yandikwa ku bwato, ireremba ihagaze ubwayo, ikora iyo ikoze ku mazi, kandi ikora at-40. degre za Fahrenheit). PLB yandikwa ku muntu ku giti ciwe, imara amasaha 24, itegerezwa gukoreshwa n’amaboko, kandi isaba ko uwuyoga afata antene hejuru y’amazi, ivyo bikaba bituma EPIRB iba nkenerwa ku bwato be n’ama PLB ari meza ku mpuzu y’ubuzima y’umukozi wese.

Noba noguma mu bwato bwanje bw’amazi bwasenyutse canke bwarengewe n’amazi canke noca nca nsubira mu bwato bwo gukiza abantu?¶

Keretse iyo ubwato bwawe buriko burarohama munsi y’ikiyaga canke buriko burasha n’umuriro udashobora gucungerwa, guma uri mu bwato bugendera ku mazi mu gihe uriko urategura ubwato bwo kurokora abantu iruhande. Mu gihe c’ivyago vyo mu 1979 vy’amarushanwa ya Fastnet Race be n’ivyabaye mu 1998 mu mahiganwa y’ubwato bwa Sydney to Hobart, abakozi benshi barapfuye inyuma yo guheba ubwato bwari bwarononekaye bakabugira ubwato bwo gukiza abantu bwahindukiye mu mipfunda, mu gihe ubwato bwabo bwahevye bwaje gusangwa bureremba ata co bukoze. Igihe cose genda UP mu bwato bwo gukiza ubuzima igihe gusa ubwato buriko buramanuka.

Mbega ubwato bw’ubudandaji bushobora vy’ukuri gukiza ubwato buto bugendera ku mazi canke ubwato bwo gukiza abantu mu bihe bikomeye vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga?¶

Egome, mu gihe c’uburyo bwo gutabara ubwato bufashanya (AMVER) be n’inshingano mpuzamakungu za SOLAS, ubwato bw’ubudandaji butwara ibintu n’ubwato butwara ibitoro burahindurwa ubudasiba n’Ibigo bijejwe guhuza ibikorwa vy’ugutabara kugira ngo burokore ubwato buri mu kaga buri ku nkengera y’ikiyaga. Igihe ubwato bunini bugenda buva mu muyaga wo hejuru y’ubwato bwawe bwo gukiza ubuzima kugira ngo bukore amazi atuje maze bumanure ingazi y’umudereva canke urusenga rw’umudereva mu gipfukisho cabwo c’icuma, rindira gushika ubwato bufise umutekano iruhande, wambare ijaketi yawe yo gukiza ubuzima, maze ureke abakozi bo gutabara baterure abarokotse bakomeretse biciye ku giseke c’i5. umugozi w’ingazi mu gipfunsi iyo urushe.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’ivy’amazi (IMO) na ICAO (Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu): Igitabo ca IAMSAR, Umuzingo wa III na SOLAS Igice ca V, Itegeko 33.
• Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’itumanaho ry’amatelefone (ITU, International): Amabwirizwa agenga ivy’iradiyo, Ingingo ya 32: Itumatumana ry’amatelefone ry’amagorwa rya GMDSS.
• Igisirikare ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gicungera inkengera y’ikiyaga (USCG, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): GMDSS, DSC VHF Channel 70, Ibikorwa vya EPIRB 406 MHz, n’Ibikorwa vya AMVER.
• Ikigo c’Ubwongereza kijejwe ivy’amazi n’inkengera z’ikiyaga (MCA) na RNLI (Ubwongereza): Umutekano wo mu kiyaga, ubuzima bw’abantu, n’ubuyobozi bwo gutwara indege zitwara abantu n’ibintu.
• OCIMF, ICS, BIMCO, na UKMTO (Impuzamakungu): Imirongo myiza yo guhagarika ubusuma bw’amato (BMP5).
• Ugutwara ubwato kw'isi yose (Impuzamakungu): Amabwirizwa yihariye yo mu mazi (OSR) ku bwato bwo mu rwego rwa 0, 1, na 2.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Ivyihutirwa vy'ubwato bw'abagenzi, guheba ubwato, n'umuntu aja mu kiyaga
• Gufunga ku mupaka, gushakisha kuri telefone, no kwanka kwinjira
• Imfashanyo ya Ambasade n'iya konsula
• Ivyihutirwa vy’ubuvuzi n’uguhunga mu mahanga
• Inomero z'ivyihutirwa