Urubura rwo ku gisenge: ibimenyetso vy'imburi, gukuraho urubura mu buryo butekanye, n'ico wokora iyo wumvise urubura ruvuza induru¶

Urubura rusa n’ururemereye, mugabo igisenge kirashobora kwikorera uburemere bwinshi cane. Inyuma y’igihuhusi gikomeye, canke inyuma y’ugushonga no gusubira gukonja, amatoni y’urubura n’urubura bitose birashobora kwicara ku nzu, ku kigega, ku garaje, ku iduka canke ku gisenge c’ubudandaji gisanzwe. Ibisate vyinshi vyubatswe bifise urubibi rwo gukingira, mugabo ibisenge vya kera, ibisenge bisongoye, ibisenge bifise amabarabara yononekaye, be n’ibisenge bitigeze bigenerwa imizigo y’urubura rwo mu karere birashobora gusenyuka ata n’umwe abigabishije cane.

Iyi nkuru irasigura ingene wocira urubanza umuzigo uri ku gisenge cawe, ibimenyetso vy’imburi biri imbere n’inyuma y’inyubakwa bisobanura akaga, ingene wokura urubura hasi ukoresheje igikoresho co gukurako igisenge utaduga, ingene wovyifatamwo iyo wumvise urubura ruvuza induru, ruvuza induru canke rusaduka. Yongerako ido n’ido ku urubura rwinshi, ibidengeri vy'urubura n'ugusenyuka kw'igisenge, rivuga ivy’ishimikiro vyerekeye akaga.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Niwumva ijwi ry’ugusemerera, ry’uguturika canke ry’ugusaduka rivuye mu gisenge canke mu gisenge, canke ukabona igisenge gica kigenda kigenda kigenda, uce uva muri iyo nyubakwa ubwo nyene. Twara abantu bose, harimwo n’ibikoko vyo mu nzu, kandi ntusubire kurondera ibintu.
2. Hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada, 112 hirya no hino mu Bumwe bw’Uburaya, 999 mu Bwongereza) umaze kuba hanze kandi uri kure y’iyo nyubakwa. Vuga ko utinya ko igisenge cosenyuka. Rondera ibindi bihugu ku inomero z'ivyihutirwa urupapuro.
3. Gumana hanze munsi y’imirongo y’igisenge, amabaraza, amabaraza n’ibibanza vy’imiduga. Urubura n’urubura birashobora gusenyuka biva ku gisenge ata co bimenyesheje, kandi igisenge kidakora neza kirashobora gutuma umuzigo waco uja hanze.
4. Ntuduge ku gisenge, kandi ntukoreshe ingazi ku butaka bufise urubura. Gugwa no gusenyuka kw’igisenge ni vyo bitera urupfu rwinshi mu gihe co gukuraho urubura.
5. Gumana kure y’imirongo y’amashanyarazi, ubwinjiriro bw’abakozi b’amashanyarazi n’ibipimo vya gaze iyo ukora hafi y’inzu, kandi umenyeshe abajejwe amashanyarazi iyo mirongo yose yononekaye.
6. Igihe akaga kagaragara, nushireho umuntu afise uruhusha rwo gukora amasezerano canke injeniyeri w’ivy’imibumbe kugira ngo asuzume imbere y’uko usubira kwinjira.

Mbega ukuntu urubura ruri ku gisenge ruremereye¶

Uburemere bw’urubura buvana n’ingene amazi ari muri rwo, si ukuntu ruri kure gusa. Igisenge gifise umutekano munsi y’amasentimetero 30 (ikirenge 1) c’ifu yumye coshobora gushikirwa n’ingorane munsi y’uburebure nk’ubwo bw’urubura canke urubura rwuzuye, rwuzuye. Imvura igwa ku rubura ituma ibintu bikomera cane, kuko urubura runywa amazi rukarushiriza kuremera cane ataco ruhinduye mu burebure.

Ivyo ni ibiharuro bitari vyo bihinduka bivanye n’ivyo umuntu ameze. Itegeko risanzwe ry’ibigo bijejwe gucungera ivyihutirwa ni uko igisenge gishobora gushikirwa n’ingorane iyo gifise urubura rushasha rurenga metero nka 1,2, canke urubura rwa kera rwuzuye amasentimetero nka 60. Ivyo biharuro ni ubuyobozi gusa. Inkubi y’umuyaga imwe gusa ikomeye inyuma y’urubura rwa kera, imvura hejuru y’urubura, gutera amazi ku ruhome, n’igisenge gifise ivyononekaye vyariho, vyose birashobora gutuma umuntu asenyuka munsi cane y’aho hantu h’uburebure.

Kubera iki imitwaro y'imiterere itandukanye¶

Amategeko y’inyubako ashiraho umuzigo w’urubura ku kibanza cose, ashingiye ku nyandiko za kera. Igisenge cawe cari gigenewe uwo muzigo, wongereko n’uruhande, nimba cubatswe kugira ngo gikoreshe kode kandi kiri mu mimerere myiza. Inyubakwa za kera, izongeweko, izohindurwa n’abantu, n’inyubakwa zifise imirongo yaboze, yacitse canke yononekaye n’inzoka, vyoshobora kutabihura. Ibisate vyo mu bibanza bikunda kubona urubura ntivyari vyagenewe rwo na gato, ni co gituma igihuhusi kidasanzwe gishobora kwonona mu karere katateguwe.

Ni ibihe bisenge biri mu kaga cane¶

• Ibisate bigororotse kandi biteye hasi. Urubura ntirushobora gusenyuka, ni co gituma rurundanira kandi rushobora gutera ikidengeri iyo rushonze. Ivyumba vyinshi bisenyuka biva ku bisenge vy’amagaraje, inyubakwa z’ubudandaji, ububiko n’ibiraro.
• Ibisate bininibinini bifise ibifadika bike, nk’ibiraro, amazu y’imyimenyerezo, amaduka manini y’amasandugu, n’ibiraro vy’uburimyi.
• Ibisate bifise amazi agendagenda. Umuyaga urundanya urubura ku bihome, ku mpome ndende, ku migende y’umwotsi, ku bihome vy’imbere n’aho igisenge co hasi cicara iruhande y’ikirengeye. Ivyuka bishobora kuba vyinshi incuro nyinshi kuruta urubura ruri ku gisenge gisigaye.
• Inyubakwa za kera canke zidatunganijwe neza zifise ububore, ububore, ibifatanya n’ibindi bifise umugese canke amazi ya kera yononekaye.
• Ibisate bifise imitwaro yongereweko, nk’amatara y’izuba, ibikoresho vyo hejuru y’igisenge, ibindi bipande vy’amabuye canke ibikoresho biremerera vyo gusakara.
• Ibisenge vy’inyubakwa z’ivyuma, ivyumba vy’imiduga, ibiraro vy’amabati n’ivyumba vy’ivyatsi. Ivyo bishobora gusenyuka ningoga munsi y’urubura n’urubura rutose.
• Ibipfukisho vy’ibidengeri n’ivy’ibaraza, ivyuma vy’ibitambaro n’amahema, bifise ubushobozi buke bwo kubika.
• Ibisate bifise imigende y’amazi, scuppers canke gutters, aho amazi adashobora gusohoka, n’aho melt isubira gukonja. Raba igisenge gisanzwe scupper n'igisenge co mu mutima.

Ibisate vy’amazu biteye igomwe cane birasuka urubura bitagoranye, mugabo ntibishobora gukingira, na canecane iyo urubura rufatanye canke rukagira urubura, kandi urubura runyerera rushobora gukomeretsa abantu bari musi.

Ibimenyetso vy'imburi vy'igisenge girengeje urugero¶

Ubusanzwe ibisenge biratanga ibimenyetso imbere y’uko bibura. Iga ivyo bimenyetso maze ubisuzume inyuma y’urubura rwinshi, inyuma y’imvura ku rubura, be n’igihe cose ugushonga hakurikiwe n’ugukonja.

Imbere mu nyubakwa¶

• Amajwi y’uguca ibibatsi, uguturika, uguboroga canke ugusaduka ava ku gisenge, ku gisenge canke ku mpome, cane cane iyo ayo majwi ari mashasha canke avuga cane .
• Igisenge gipfukama canke gipfukamye, canke ugukevya kugaragara kw'amabuye y'igisenge canke amabuye y'igisenge
• Imivyimba mishasha mu bihome vyumye canke mu gipfukisho, canecane hirya no hino y’umuryango n’amadirisha canke mu mfuruka z’ibisenge
• Inzugi n’amadirisho bifata bukwi na bukwi, bikaguma bifatanye, canke ntibizofunguka ngo bifunge nk’uko bisanzwe .
• Cracks or bulges in interior or exterior walls, or movement at the joints of walls and ceilings
• Amabara y’amazi, amatonyanga canke avuye mu gisenge, ivyo bishobora kwerekana ko ibidengeri vy’urubura biriko birahatira amazi munsi y’igisenge .
• Sprinkler heads that have been pushed down out of their normal position or that are leaking
• Bent, bowed, split or cracked rafters, trusses, beams, purlins or posts, or support columns that are leaning
• Pipes, wires or ductwork that are bent or have shifted
• Light fixtures or fans that have moved or hang unevenly
• Shifting or rattling of metal framing, or popping of fasteners

Outside the building¶

• A visibly sagging roof line, or a roof plane that looks wavy or dished
• Snow depth much greater than the area around, especially drifts against walls
• Large icicles and thick ice along the eaves, which point to ice dams
• Cracked or leaning chimneys, vents or walls
• A gap opening between the roof and a wall, or between a porch or extension and the main building
• Walls that bulge or lean, or masonry with new cracks
• Metal roofing that has bent or buckled, or roof panels that have lifted at the seams
• Gutters pulled away from the house or bent

If you hear creaking, step by step¶

1. Get everyone out. Walk calmly, and use the nearest safe exit. Pick up children and pets on the way, and leave belongings behind.
2. Move away from the building. Stay at least as far from the walls as the height of the building, because walls can fall outward and roofs can throw snow and debris. A garage or shed can be treated the same way.
3. Call for help. Call your local emergency number and explain that you fear a roof collapse. Tell them if anyone is missing or trapped.
4. Turn off utilities only if you can do so safely. If you smell gas or see wires hanging, do not go in to turn them off. Call the utility from outside.
5. Mufate ivy’imbere hanze. Muharure bose musuzume ko ata n’umwe akomeretse. Ntusubire kwinjira ngo urondere umuntu. Bwira abasubiza aho wibaza ko boba bari.
6. Rindira gusuzuma. Ntusubire imbere gushika umugenzuzi w’inyubako, injeniyeri canke abajejwe umuriro bavuze ko ataco bihungabanya. Nimba hari ugusenyuka kwatanguye, wiyumvire ko hariho ukundi gusenyuka gushobora kubaho.
7. Inyandiko z’ivyago uri kure cane ufise amafoto, hanyuma uhamagare uwugufasha mu vy’ubwishingizi.

Nimba igice c’igisenge casenyutse .¶

Ntukinjire kugira ngo urokore abantu kiretse ushobora kubigira utarinjiye ahantu hadashikamye. Hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe maze udondore aho umuntu wese yafunzwe ari, ivyo ushobora kwumva, n’ingene iyo nyubakwa isa. Amashirahamwe y’abarondera n’abarokozi akoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe kugira ngo ashobore gutera imbere mu kirere. Niwumva umuntu ariko aratera canke ahamagara ari mu bihome, muhamagare abaje gutabara. Ku bijanye n’inkungugu n’ibisigazwa biva ku gusenyuka kw’igisenge, raba igisenge c'uruhome rwumye canke igiti c'umukate gisenyuka bukwi na bukwi.

Gukuraho urubura mu buryo butekanye¶

Gukuraho urubura biragabanya umuzigo uri ku gisenge, ariko kandi birateye akaga. Ivyago nyamukuru ni ugugwa, guterera, imirongo y’amashanyarazi, gukora cane no kwica. Ku nzu nyinshi, uburyo bwiza bwo kubikora ni ugukura urubura hasi, ukoresheje igikoresho co gukura igisenge, no gukoresha umuntu w’umwuga kugira ngo akore ikindi kintu cose.

Igihe co gukuraho urubura¶

Niwiyumvire ivyo gukuraho igihe urubura rwubatse gushika mu burebure bwavuzwe imbere y’aho, igihe ubonye ikimenyetso ico ari co cose co kugabisha, igihe havuzwe ko urubura ruzosubira gukonja canke imvura izogwa ku rubura, canke igihe amazi agenda atera inkuta. Kuraho urubura imbere y’uko rukonja rugacika ikintu gikomeye, kuko urubura rukomeye cane kandi rurateye akaga gukuraho. Niba utazi neza nimba igisenge cawe kiri mu kaga, nubaze uwukora igisenge, umuhinga mu vy’inyubako canke igisata c’inyubako co mu karere iwanyu. Ntukigere wibaza nimba hari ibimenyetso bikugabisha.

Koresha igisenge gikuye hasi¶

Igikoresho co gukubita igisenge ni igikoresho gifise amaboko maremare, akenshi kikaba gifise urusenga rwagutse canke igikoresho co guterera, kigatuma ushobora gukura urubura mu gice co hasi c’igisenge kiva hasi. Ni vyiza ku bisenge vy’igorofa imwe no ku metero 1 gushika kuri 2 za mbere z’urubibi rw’igisenge. Raba amategeko ari aha hepfo.

1. Koresha igiti c’aluminium canke c’ibara ry’agahama gusa iyo uzi neza ko ata mirongo y’amashanyarazi iri hafi y’igisenge. Aluminium ni yo ijana umuyagankuba. Igikoresho co gufata c’ivyuma canke c’ipulasitike ni ciza cane hafi y’intsinga.
2. Raba hejuru no hirya no hino imbere y’uko utangura. Rondera service drop, amawaya ahuza inzu yawe n’igiti c’umuyagankuba, n’iyindi mirongo yose. Gumana nibura metero 3 (amafuti 10) kure y’imirongo, kandi kure cane nimba ushoboye.
3. Hagarara kure y’urubibi rw’igisenge, hanze y’aho umuntu ashobora kugwa. Urubura ruranyerera mu bipande, kandi urubura ruranyerera utari witeze rurashobora kuguhamba canke kugutera hasi.
4. Gukura urubura hasi mu bice, utangure ku ruhande maze ukore hejuru. Ubanze ukureho ivyumba vyo hejuru, usige nk’amasentimetero 5 gushika ku 10 ku gisenge kugira ngo ntuhonye amabuye y’agaciro canke igisenge.
5. Kura urubura rungana ku mpande zompi z’igisenge. Gukura urubura ku ruhande rumwe gusa birashobora gutuma umuntu agira umuzigo utari ku rugero, ivyo bikaba bishobora kuba akaga nk’uko umuntu agira umuzigo urenze urugero.
6. Ambara inkofero ikomeye, amaso, amaganzu, n’inkweto zikwegera neza. Ibarafu rigwa rishobora gukomeretsa umutwe n’isura.
7. Fata akaruhuko, unywe amazi kandi uhagarike iyo wumva urushe canke ukanye. Gukora cane ni akaga. Raba gukubita urubura neza ku bibazo vy’umutima n’ubuhinga.
8. Korana n’uwo mufatanije ashobora kuraba igisenge, imirongo yo hejuru na wewe.

Ntuduge hejuru y'igisenge .¶

Ntuje ku gisenge gifise urubura canke urubura, naho woba uzi utuntu n’utundi. Gugwa uvuye hejuru y’igisenge birashobora kwica canke gukomeretsa cane umugongo n’umutwe. Ntuduge ingazi iyo hasi hari urubura canke iyo ingazi iruhukiye ku rubura. Iyo umuntu ategerezwa kuja hejuru y’igisenge, nk’umuntu w’umwuga, akwiye gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo kwikingira kugwa, afise umugozi n’imirongo ifashe, be n’abakozi bo hasi.

Ibisate vy'amazu, ibiraro n'inyubakwa z'ubudandaji¶

Nturungike umuntu ku gisenge gisanzwe canke giteye hasi gishobora kuba gifise ibikoresho vyinshi. Uburemere bw’umuntu afise igiti co gutera ku gisenge gifise umubabaro burashobora gutuma igisenge gisenyuka, maze uwo muntu yoshobora kugwa. Gukoresha umuhinga mu vyo gukuraho urubura afise ubumenyi mu bijanye n’ingorane zo mu mibumbe, afise ubwishingizi n’ibikoresho bikwiye vyo kwirinda. Ku bigega, amaduka n’inyubakwa nini, hamagara umuhinga mu vy’imibumbe niwabona ikimenyetso c’imburi. Gutuma amatungo n’abantu biva muri iyo nyubakwa gushika isukuwe kandi isuzumwe.

Guhitamwo umuntu azokora igikorwa .¶

• Saba ikimenyamenya c’uburenganzira n’ubwishingizi bw’indishi y’abakozi.
• Baza ibikoresho bakoresha mu kurinda igisenge n’abakozi, nk’ibikoresho vyo gufata amaboko, ibikoresho vyo gushiramwo nanga n’ibikoresho vyo gufata amabuye vy’amapulasitike.
• Urabe maso ku nzu ku nzu umuntu atanga inyuma y’igihuhusi. Uronke n’imiburiburi amafaranga abiri nimba ushoboye, kandi wirinde kwishura vyose imbere y’igihe.
• Baza nimba abakozi bo mu bwato bazokuraho urubura mu buryo buringaniye maze basige igipande co kurinda ku gisenge.

Ibidengeri vy'urubura¶

Urugomero rw’urubura ni uruzitiro rw’urubura ruri ku ruhande rwo hasi rw’igisenge, rukabuza urubura rwashonze gusohoka. Amazi aca asubira inyuma munsi y’ibitandara vy’amabuye, akaja mu nzu yo hejuru no mu mpome. Ivyo bidengeri vy’urubura bishika iyo ubushuhe buva mu nzu buciye mu gisenge, bugashongera urubura ruri ku gisenge co hejuru, amazi na yo agasubira gukonja ku mfuruka zikanye.

Ibimenyetso vy'ibidengeri vy'urubura¶

• Ibarafu ryinshi ku nkengera y'igisenge, ibice binini vy'urubura n'urubura mu migende
• Amazi aratonyanga canke atose ku bisenge no ku mpome zo hanze, canecane mu gihe c’ugushonga .
• Gukura irangi, gukingira ubutobe canke ibice vy'ubutobe mu nzu yo hejuru
• Barafu iri inyuma y'umugende wayikuye kure y'inzu .

Ivyo wokora mu gihe gito¶

1. Kura urubura ku ruhande rw’igisenge ukoresheje igikoresho co gukubita igisenge hasi, kugira ngo urubura rube rufise aho ruja. Kura urubura ruri hejuru y’urugomero, ari na rwo ruva ku mazi.
2. Gukora umuyoboro unyura mu rugomero rw’urubura ukoresheje igikoresho co gusenyura urubura c’ivyuma bita calcium chloride gishizwe mu gitereko kirekire, nk’igitambaro co mu bwoko bwa nylon, hanyuma ugishire hakurya y’urugomero. Ntukoreshe umunyu w’urutare, ushobora kwonona igisenge, imigende n’ibiterwa. Gumana urubura rushonze kure y’ibikoko vyo mu nzu n’abana.
3. Cool the attic by opening a vent, if it is safe to do so, and by turning down the thermostat.
4. Place buckets and towels where water enters, and protect belongings. See roof leak.
5. Call a professional if the dam is large, if water is entering the house, or if the roof is steep or icy. Professionals may use low pressure steam to melt the ice, which is safer for the roof than chopping.

Ivyo kudakora¶

• Do not chip or hack at the ice with a hammer, axe, pick or crowbar. This damages shingles and can cause injury.
• Do not use a pressure washer or blowtorch.
• Do not climb on the roof to clear it.
• Do not pour hot water on the roof, since it can refreeze and make the dam bigger.
• Do not ignore leaks. Water in the ceiling can bring down drywall and insulation and cause mold.

Gutorera umuti impamvu¶

Umuti uramvye ni ugutuma igisenge gikomeza gukonja. Gufunga umwuka uva hirya no hino y'ibifunguruzo vyo hejuru, amatara, imiyoboro y'umwotsi, utuzu tw'amazi n'amawaya. Wongereko insulation hasi mu nzu yo hejuru ku burebure bugenewe aho uba. Raba neza ko amabarabara y’imbere n’inyuma y’igisenge areka umuyaga unyura munsi y’igisenge. Ibiro vyinshi, nk’Igisata ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe inguvu n’ubutunzi bwo muri Kanada, birasohora impanuro zijanye n’ugukingira umuyaga wo mu nzu yo hejuru no kuyikingira. Umuntu afise ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano canke umugenzuzi w’inguvu arashobora kugufasha gutegura igikorwa imbere y’urushana ruzoza.

Inyuma y'urubura: gushonga, imvura no gusubira gukonja¶

Amayinga akurikira igihuhusi c’urubura arashobora kuba akaga nk’ico gihuhusi ubwaco. Igihe c’ubushuhe gituma urubura ruremera cane uko runywa amazi. Imvura ku rubura irashobora kwongera uburemere bw’imvura ku gisenge mu masaha makeyi. Ivyo gukonja vyihuta birashobora gutuma imigende, imigende y’amazi n’imigende y’amazi irengerwa cane, kandi gusubira gukonja birashobora kwongera kubizibira n’urubura.

Be most alert in these moments:

• When rain is forecast over deep snow
• When temperatures climb above freezing and then drop again
• When snow slides off a roof and piles on a lower roof or against a wall
• When wind has built large drifts

Keep drains and downspouts clear, and keep snow away from foundation vents, gas meters and chimneys. Make sure the area under eaves is clear, so that sliding snow does not trap or hit anyone.

Sheds, carports, greenhouses and pool covers¶

Lightweight structures fail first. If you have a metal carport, canopy, greenhouse or fabric shelter, clear snow from the outside with a soft broom or a push broom, working from the ground, before it builds up. Do not park vehicles, store equipment or shelter animals inside while heavy snow is on the roof. Remove snow from inflatable and air supported structures and pool covers, as manufacturers instruct. Never go inside a structure that is sagging or making noise. A cheap shed is not worth a life.

For pool and hot tub covers, see igipfukisho c'ikidengeri c'amazi canke igikarabiro gishushe igipfukisho gikomeye c'umuyaga canke urubura rusenyuka.

Decision flow¶

flowchart TD
    A["Heavy snow or ice on the roof"] --> B{"Creaking, popping, sagging<br/>or cracks right now?"}
    B -->|"Ego"| C["Leave the building now<br/>and call emergency number"]
    B -->|"Oya"| D{"Is the roof flat, old<br/>or carrying deep wet snow?"}
    D -->|"Ego"| E["Hire a pro or call an engineer"]
    D -->|"Oya"| F{"Single story and no<br/>power lines near the edge?"}
    F -->|"Ego"| G["Use a roof rake from the ground<br/>in layers on both sides"]
    F -->|"Oya"| H["Wait for a pro and stay off the roof"]
    G --> I{"Ice dam or water<br/>leaking inside?"}
    E --> I
    H --> I
    I -->|"Ego"| J["Clear snow above the dam<br/>and protect belongings"]
    I -->|"Oya"| K["Keep checking after rain<br/>or thaw and refreeze"]

Comparing snow removal options¶

Checklist for a heavy snow season¶

• I know the age and type of my roof and whether it is flat, low slope or steep.
• I have a roof rake with a non conducting handle, and I know where my power lines run.
• I have the number of a roofer or snow removal company and a structural engineer.
• I check the roof, ceilings, doors and windows after every heavy snow and every rain on snow.
• Ivyo gukingira ivyuma vyo hejuru be n’ivyo gukingira umwuka vyarasuzumwe, kandi aho umwuka usohokera uraboneka neza.
• Gutters, downspouts and drains are clear of leaves and debris before winter.
• Abantu bose bo mu rugo barazi ibimenyetso vy’imburi be n’umugambi wo gusohoka.
• Ndafise amafoto y’igisenge n’amakuru yanje y’ubwishingizi abitswe neza.

Monitoring a roof through a long winter¶

In a snowy region, a short routine catches problems early. After each significant snowfall, and after any rain or thaw, spend five minutes on the same checks. Look at the roof line from several sides, and compare it with a photo taken in summer. Walk through the rooms under the roof and look at the ceilings, the corners and the top of the doors. Open and close the interior and exterior doors to see whether they still move freely. Listen at night, when the house is quiet, for new sounds.

Andika itariki n’ivyo ubona. Agace gatoyi gakura mu misi mikeyi karatera amaganya kuruta akace gakomeza uko kari. Ugipime n’urugero, canke ushireko ikimenyetso ku mpera n’ikaramu y’igiti be n’itariki. Niwabona iterambere, hamagara umuhinga aho kurindira igihuhusi gikurikira. Igihe cose ufate amafoto uri mu bibanza bimwe kugira ngo ubone ihinduka.

What a professional inspection covers¶

A structural engineer or an experienced roofer will look at the framing in the attic and under the roof, the connections at the walls, the condition of the sheathing, signs of past leaks and rot, any earlier repairs, and the way snow drifts on your roof. They may recommend temporary shoring, such as posts under sagging beams, snow removal by a trained crew, or permanent reinforcement before the next winter. Ask for a written report. It helps with insurance and with any sale of the property.

Do not add temporary posts or braces yourself under a sagging ceiling. A wrongly placed support can concentrate the load and cause a sudden failure, and anyone working under a stressed ceiling is at risk.

Insurance and recovery¶

Photograph your roof, attic and ceilings before and after storms. Contact your insurer soon after damage occurs, and ask what the policy covers. Many policies cover collapse caused by the weight of snow, ice or sleet, but rules vary by country, region and policy, so read the terms. Keep receipts for emergency repairs, tarps, hotel stays and professional snow removal, since some policies reimburse reasonable costs to prevent further damage.

If water has entered the home, dry everything within 24 to 48 hours to limit mold, and remove wet insulation and drywall as advised. Do not use electrical items in wet areas, and have a licensed electrician check any wiring that has got wet. Do not reenter a damaged area until it has been cleared. For more on water damage, see roof leak.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

How much snow is too much for a roof?¶

There is no single number, because it depends on the roof design, age, and the water content of the snow. As a rough guide, emergency agencies treat about 1.2 meters (4 feet) of fresh snow or 60 centimeters (2 feet) of packed, old snow as a point to take action. Wet snow, rain on snow, drifts and flat roofs can cause problems at lower depths, so watch for warning signs rather than relying on depth alone.

What should I do if I hear my roof creaking or cracking?¶

Leave the building at once with everyone in your household, move well away from the walls, and call your local emergency number from outside. Do not go back in for belongings, and stay out until a building inspector, engineer or fire service says the structure is safe. Treat new creaking, a sagging ceiling or sticking doors as signs of overload.

Is it safe to shovel snow off my roof myself?¶

It is not safe for most people. Falls from roofs, slides of snow and contact with power lines cause deaths each winter, and the weight of a person can trigger a collapse on a stressed roof. Use a roof rake from the ground on single story roofs, and hire a trained professional for anything steep, flat, large or icy.

How do I get rid of an ice dam without damaging my roof?¶

Rake snow from the roof edge from the ground, then cut a channel with calcium chloride ice melt in a stocking laid across the dam. Do not chip the ice with tools, use rock salt or a flame, or climb onto the roof. For large dams or leaks, call a professional who uses low pressure steam, and fix the attic air leaks and insulation afterward.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

Iyi paji yasuzumwe hakurikijwe ubuyobozi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) n’ubuyobozi bwa Ready.gov ku bijanye n’ibihuhusi vyo mu rushana be n’imizigo y’urubura rwo ku gisenge, impanuro z’Ishirahamwe ry’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ryitaho amazu atekanye ku rubura n’ibisenge, Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ryitaho ivy’Imihindagurikire y’Ikirere (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) i paji z’umutekano wo mu rushana, ubuyobozi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku bijanye n’umutekano w’urushana n’Igisata c’Inguvu z’Amerika ku Red Cross in impanuro zo kwirinda igihuhusi, amapaji y’Ivy’Itunga ry’Igihugu ca Kanada n’Ishirahamwe ry’Ubuzima ryo muri Kanada yerekeye umutekano wo mu nzu mu gihe c’imbeho, be n’ubuyobozi bw’Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Ivy’Ingwati n’Ivy’Inzu ryo muri Kanada ku bijanye n’ibidengeri vy’urubura. Impanuro zatanzwe n’Ibiro vy’Ikirere be n’ubutegetsi bwo mu karere mu Bwongereza zarasubiwemwo kugira ngo haboneke impanuro zijanye n’urubura n’ikirere gikomeye. Aho imibare itandukanye, ni ho hatangwa igiharuro c’ukwiyubara kuruta.

Iga ubutabazi bwa mbere¶

Ivyigwa vy’ubutabazi bwa mbere vy’amaboko bikwigisha ingene wofasha umuntu yakubiswe n’urubura canke ibisigazwa vy’ibintu bigwa, yaguye avuye hejuru canke yahambwe. Umusaraba Mutukura, St John Ambulance n’abatanga ubuvuzi bo mu karere baratanga inyigisho ngufi, kandi nyinshi zirimwo CPR n’ugucungera amaraso. Ufate imwe n’abo mu rugo rwawe imbere y’urushana ruzokurikira.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Urubura rwinshi, ibidengeri vy'urubura n'igisenge carasenyutse
• Igisenge kivuza
• Gukubita urubura ata nkomanzi
• Umutekano w'igihuhusi co mu rushana: gushusha mu nzu no kurokoka ubukonje
• Imirongo y'amashanyarazi yacitse n'umuyagankuba w'imodoka