Igiti c'iriba n'ifu ryinshi ry'urubura ry'ugupfuka (SIS)¶

Ukwibizwa mu rubura Ugupfukama (SIS), kandi yitwa Urupfu rwo kwibizwa mu rubura rudafitaniye isano n’urubura (NARSID), bishika iyo umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru wo mu misozi miremire, umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru wo mu misozi, canke umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru wo mu misozi y’inyuma aguye ahindukiye (afise umutwe) mu iriba ry’igiti canke mu nkombe ndende y’ifu y’igihuhusi idakomeye maze akabura impwemu imbere mu rubura rworoshe. Iriba ry’igiti ni ubusa bwihishije, bumeze nk’uruzitiro, bufise ikibanza c’imyobo be n’ifu idakomeye gushika ku 100.000. 2 to 3.5 meters (6.5 to 11.5 feet) ibwina cane ikikuje umugozi w’igiti c’umuberoshi kiguma kiri hasi, akenshi kikaba ari igiti c’umuberoshi (Abies lasiocarpa), igiti c’ifeza co muri Pasifike, igiti c’umuberoshi co mu misozi canke igiti c’umuberoshi co mu misozi citwa Engelmann spruce, amashami yaco yo hasi manini manini akora nk’umutaka, akabuza urubura rugwa kwuzuza canke gukomera hirya no hino y’umutwe w’igiti. Iyo umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru canke w’umupira w’amaguru afashe urubibi canke akabura ububasha mu biti maze akawutera umutwe imbere muri iyo nzira yihishije, umupira wiwe uremereye canke umupira w’amaguru w’urubura uca ufata amashami ari hejuru mu gihe umutwe wabo n’umubiri wabo bica bihinduka nk’igice c’ifu idafatanye.

Mu ngeragezo z’ikigereranyo zakozwe n’ikigo Ikigo c’Ivy’Imisozi co mu Buraruko bushira Uburengero (NWAC) n’abashakashatsi ku bijanye n’umutekano wo gukina ski mu bibanza vy’uburuhukiro muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 90 kw’ijana vy’abakozi b’intahemuka bashizwe mu iriba ry’igiti nyaryo bahindukiye ntibashoboye kwikiza rwose. Mu buryo butandukanye n’urubura ruri ku musozi wuguruye, umuntu ashobora kubona ari kure, umuntu yahambwe umutwe munsi y’amashami y’ivyatsi bitoto . 3 meters (10 feet) off a groomed ski run ntibiboneka na gato kiretse iyo uwo bari kumwe bariko barakina ski canke snowboard yariko arabiraba mu gihe nyaco bazimira. Iyo uwo mukundana azimiye mu giti canke akagwa mw’iriba ry’igiti, semerera usabe imfashanyo, hamagara Ski Patrol ataco uhinduye (gumize inomero y’ivyihutirwa ya Ski Patrol y’aho ubaye uyibitse kuri telefone yawe y’ivyihutirwa) canke hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada, 112 hirya no hino y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi9) inomero z'ivyihutirwa, maze utangure ubwo nyene ugucukura kw’abagenzi mu buryo buringaniye yerekeza ku nzira y’impwemu y’uwagirizwa utarindiriye n’isegonda n’imwe kugira ngo Ski Patrol ishike. Ku bibazo bijanye n’urushana n’imisozi, raba abarongozi bacu kuri Igiti kiri mu mazi y'iriba n'urubura rwinshi, gukina umupira w'amaguru, gukina umupira w'amaguru, n'impanuka zo ku nzira, na ubushuhe bwo mu bugaragwa no kurokoka ubukonje.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Fata umutwe w'igiti canke amashami akomeye yo mu mutima n'amaboko yompi igihe nyene utera mu iriba ry'igiti. Nimba uriko uragwa werekeza ku giti c'umuberoshi kiri mu mpumuro ndende, ntiwigere ugerageza "gusohoka" umurongo ukikuje igitambaro c'igiti. Reka inkoni zawe zo gukina ski (zidakwiye kwigera zigira imigozi y’amaboko izungurutse ibiganza vyawe mu biti), utere imbere kugira ngo uhobere igiti c’ibiti gikomeye canke amashami manini y’imbere n’amaboko yompi, hanyuma uzingire amaguru yawe ku giti kugira ngo uhagarike guterera hasi imbere y’uko urubura rumira umutwe wawe.
2. Hagarika gutera amaguru, gukubita, no gutera ivyatsi ubwo nyene iyo uguye hasi uhindukiye. Iriba ry’igiti rikora neza neza nk’umusenyi wumye canke nk’igitereko c’intete: igihe cose utera amaguru canke ukubita intugu zawe mu gihe uriko urazunguruka hasi, uzunguza amajana y’ibilo vy’urubura rudakomeye rukikuje urubura rwawe. ribcage cane ku buryo igifu cawe kitagishobora kwaguka iyo usohoye impwemu.
3. Rema umufuko w’umuyaga wo guhema imbere y’akanwa kawe n’izuru ryawe maze ucire urubura. Imbere y’uko urubura ruriko rurasenyuka rukikuza mu maso hawe, ushire ukuboko kumwe canke ukuboko kwawe kw’imbere hejuru y’akanwa kawe n’izuru ryawe, uzunguze umutwe wawe buhoro buhoro uva ku ruhande rumwe uja ku rundi (5 to 8 centimeters [2 to 3 inches]) kugira ngo ushire akazu gatoyi k’uguhema imbere mu maso hawe, hanyuma ukureho ikoti ry’ikoti ryawe canke igitambaro co mw’izosi (Buff) hejuru y’akanwa kawe kugira ngo bikore nk’akayunguruzo k’urubura.
4. Guma uhumeka buhoro kandi utari muremure, kandi urekure kimwe canke vyose bibiri bifatanya n’umupira w’amaguru iyo bishoboka gusa ataco ubikubita. Guhumeka buhoro buhoro kandi utuje kugira ngo uzigame umwuka w’ikirere uri mu mufuko wawe w’ikirere kandi ucereze umwuka w’ikirere (CO2) kwubaka. Niba ushobora gushika ku gikoresho co kurekura ski binding n’ukuboko kwawe canke ugatera ikirenge ku gice c’igitsintsiri c’i ski gihuye neza uta gutuma urubura rugwa, rekura ski zawe; ku rubaho rw’urubura, zunguruka buhoro buhoro kugira ngo ugume uhagaze ku ishami mu gihe uriko uravuza Fox 40 pealess whistle yawe ifashe ku rubavu rwawe.
5. Nimba uri umugenzi ku ruhande: NTUKIGERE utera intambwe ku ruhande rwo hejuru rw’igiti hejuru cane y’uwagirizwa. Iyo usanze skis canke snowboard y’uwo mukundana ifatanye n’inyuma y’iriba ry’igiti, ntiwigere utera intambwe hejuru y’ico kinogo canke ngo utere intambwe ku nzira y’urubura ikikuje amashami. Iyo umuntu ateye hejuru y’uwo muntu, arasenyuka igipande kinini c’urubura rudakomeye kikaja mu mufuko wabo wo guhema maze kigamenagura inzira y’impwemu yabo.
6. Tunnel HORIZONTALLY inward kuva ku ruhande rwo kumanuka ugororotse ku mutwe w’uwagirizwa n’inzira y’impwemu imbere. Yegera igiti neza uvuye munsi (kumanuka) canke uvuye ku ruhande, ushire intare munsi y’amashami y’ivyatsi bitotahaye kugira ngo ubone aho umutwe w’uwagirizwa uri hafi y’igiti c’umutwe n’ikiruhuko cabo c’inyuma and6u guhema, hanyuma gusa bagafungura imigozi yabo y’ivyuma vy’urubura/snowboard maze bakabikura hanze baciye ku mwobo uringaniye.

Igiti c’iriba n’Ukwibizwa mu Rubura Gupfuka (SIS) igiti c'ingingo co kurokoka no gukiza¶

Kurikiza iyi nzira y’ubuhinga bivanye n’uko uri umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru/umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru w’urubura agwa mw’iriba ry’igiti canke uwo mufatanije akora igikorwa co gukiza abagenzi.

flowchart TD
    A["Iriba ry'igiti / Ivyihutirwa vyo kwibika mu mpumuro ndende"] --> B{"None ubu uri mu ruhara uruhe?"}

    B -->|1. Victim Falling Into Tree Well or Deep Powder| C["Amasezerano yo kwikingira abagirizwa ubwo nyene"]
    B -->|2. Partner / Witness on the Slope| D["Amasezerano yo gukiza abagenzi (iminota 4 ya mbere)"]

    C --> C1["Gutera imigozi y'igiti no gufata igiti canke amashami manini y'imbere ubwo nyene"]
    C1 --> C2{"Woba wahagaze ugororotse ufashe igikapu, canke ukagwa uhindukiye umutwe?"}

    C2 -->|Stopped Upright Against Trunk| C3["Fata neza igikapu, hamagara / utere umugenzi, utere intambwe canke urekure Skis witonze"]
    C2 -->|Inverted Headfirst in Loose Snow Funnel| C4["MUHAGARIKE GUKUBITA NO GUTERA IBIMENYETSO VYOSE Ubwo nyene (Kwirinda Gupakira Umusenyi)"]
    C4 --> C5["Ikiganza c'Igikombe / Ukuboko kw'Imbere Hejuru y'Akanwa n'Izuru + Umutwe w'Igitare Buhoro buhoro kugira ngo Ukore Umufuko w'Umuyaga"]
    C5 --> C6["Humeka buhoro buhoro, uvuze ijwi ry'impuzu, urindire umugenzi yimba mu buryo buringaniye"]

    D --> D1["Gumana neza neza ivyo ubona ku giti + Gusemerera kugira ngo ufashwe & Hamagara Ski Patrol"]
    D1 --> D2["NTUTEGEREZE Ski Patrol: Tangira kwimba ubwo nyene (Isaha y’iminota 4 y’ugupfa)"]
    D2 --> D3["Yegera Igiti Neza Uvuye MUSI (Umanuka): NTUZOKWIGEZE UTERA Intambwe ku Ruzitiro rwo Hejuru"]
    D3 --> D4["Itohoza / Inka munsi y'amashami kugira ngo ubone umutwe & gukuraho inzira y'impwemu MBERE"]
    D4 --> D5["Gukuraho amabohe ya Ski/Snowboard + Kwimba umugende uringaniye uvuye mu gitereko"]
    D5 --> D6{"Mbega Impemu y’Umunyavyaha Iraheza Ikurwamwo?"}
    D6 -->|Yes| D7["Gusukura akanwa, gukingira ubukonje, gukurikirana ubushuhe buke n'ububabare bw'amahaha"]
    D6 -->|No: Unresponsive & Apneic| D8["Kura urubura rwuzuye ruva mu kanwa + Gutangura guhumeka no gukiza umuntu ubwo nyene"]

Ubuhinga bw'igiti c'umuberoshi n'ubuhinga bwo gupfuka urubura¶

Abantu benshi bazi neza gukina umupira w’amaguru wo mu bibanza vy’uburuhukiro be n’ugukina umupira w’amaguru wo mu bibanza vy’uburuhukiro, bambara inkofero kandi bafise ibikoresho bifata amajwi y’urubura mu gihugu c’inyuma, barakengera amariba y’ibiti kubera ko iriba ry’igiti risa n’ifu itagira akamaro kandi ipfutse munsi y’igiti ciza cane gihora ari icatsi kibisi. Gutahura ibimera vy’ibiti vy’imiberoshi vyo mu misozi miremire be n’ubuhinga bw’amazi y’urubura rudakomeye, birasigura igituma iriba ry’igiti ryica cane.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       ANATOMY OF A SUBALPINE FIR / SPRUCE TREE WELL & INVERTED FALL     |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                         |
|                     / \                                                 |
|                    / | \    Conifer Crown (Umbrella Effect)             |
|                   /  |  \   Blocks falling snow from compacting         |
|  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/~~~|~~~\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <-- Deep Snowpack   |
|  Consolidated   /    |    \      [Skis / Board]         (2 to 3m deep)  |
|  Snowpack      /     |     \      Wedged in Boughs                      |
|  Wall         /      |      \        \   /                              |
|              |  LOOSE|POWDER |       [Legs]                             |
|              |  FUNNEL VOID  |         ||                               |
|               \      |      /       [Torso] <-- Snow packs tight around |
|   [RESCUER]    \     |     /          (Head)    chest if victim kicks   |
|   Digs Inward   \    |    /       (Air Pocket)                          |
|   HORIZONTALLY ==\==>|   /        Next to Trunk                         |
|   From Below      `--|--'                                               |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. Ingene igiti gimera neza n’igituma kiguma kinyegeje .¶

Mu gihe c’ingendo z’ibihuhusi bikomeye vyo mu rushana mu bibanza vy’urubura vyo mu kiyaga no hagati y’imisozi (nk’Imisozi y’Imisozi y’Ikiyaga yo muri Washington na Oregon, Inkengera y’Ikigobe n’Imisozi ya Kolombiya, Sierra Nevada yo muri Californie, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, be n’imisozi ya Yuki-gun y’i Buyapani n’i Hokkashu y’urubura rwo mu Buyapani), . 2 to 5 meters (6.5 to 16 feet) y’urubura rwirundanira hasi mw’ishamba: - Amashami y’ibiti ibiti vy’imiberoshi, ibiti vy’imiberoshi vyera, ibiti vy’imiberoshi, n’ibiti ibiti vy’imiberoshi bimanitse hasi araraba 1 to 2 meters (3.3 to 6.5 feet) hanze kuva ku giti c’umugozi maze akaja hasi nk’igisenge c’ihema giteye nk’igiti c’umuberoshi. - Mu gihe igipande c’urubura kiri hanze y’umurongo w’amashami gica kiguma kandi kigakomera kikaba ikibanza co gushigikira, ikibanza kiri munsi y’amashami gikikuje umutwe w’igiti kiguma ari ubusa bufise umwobo (1 to 3 meters deep) yuzuye gusa amababa y’urubura rworoshe cane kandi rufise uburemere buke. - Uko urubura ruterwa n’umuyaga rugenda rutera hanze y’amashami yo hasi, rugira uruzitiro rw’ikinyoma rwo kubona (igiti) rwihisha ico kinogo kirekire gikikuje igiti gushika umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru canke umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru ahindukiye hafi cane y’igiti maze uruhande rwavyo rugaca mu mpuzu y’inyuma y’amashami y’igiti.

2. Kubera iki guhangana n'ingorane bitera "Snow Quicksand" n'uguhagarika umutima vyihuta¶

Iyo umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru canke umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru w’urubura ateye umutwe imbere muri iyo nzira idakomeye, urupfu rushika biciye ku uburyo butatu buhurikiyeko bw’umubiri mu minota 4 gushika kuri 15:

1. Ikinogo gihindutse / Intete-Silo Ingaruka (Asphyxie y'ubuhinga):
2. Kubera ko iryo riba ry’igiti rimeze nk’uruzitiro rw’amabuye y’agaciro rwo mu bwoko bwa V rugenda rugabanuka ruja ku mizi, uwo muntu atera aragwa ahindukiye (180 degrees inverted) umutwe wabo n’ibitugu vyabo biri hasi cane y’ico gikoko kandi inkweto zabo zikaba zicitse nk’i 170-centimeter ama skis abiri canke a 160-centimeter snowboard yari izitiye amashami akomeye hejuru y’umutwe.
3. Iyo uwo muntu afise ubwoba agerageza gutera amaguru yiwe, guhindukiza amafyigo yiwe, canke gukora igikorwa co gusunika hejuru mu mpumuro itagira iherezo, ibintu bibiri birashika: umubiri wiwe urarohama imbere cane mu mpera y’ico gikoko, kandi ugukubita kwabo gutuma amajana y’ibilo vy’urubura rworoshe ruva ku rubura rwari rukikuje.
4. Mu masegonda 15 gusa bamaze guhangana n’ingorane, iyo rubura irekuye irahagarara maze igaca izunguruka igifu cabo n’inda yabo nk’aho ari beton itose. Igihe cose uwo muntu asohora impwemu, igifu ciwe kigabanuka n’ibice 100. 2 centimeters, iyo nkingi y’urubura iremereye iranyerera imbere kugira ngo yuzuze ico kinogo, igafunga urubavu rwabo kugira ngo ntibashobore guhema ku mpemu ikurikira (asphyxie compressive / positionnelle).
5. Gufunga inzira y'impwemu ("Ibarafu"):
6. Iyo uwo muntu akubiswe apfutse umuyaga atapfutse akanwa canke ngo ahindukirize mu maso hiwe yerekeje ku ntugu, urubura rw’ifu nziza cane ruratera mu mazuru, mu kanwa no mu nzira y’inyuma y’umuhogo, rugaca rugira igipfukisho c’urubura kizibira burundu umuyaga.
7. Ivyiyumviro vyinshi (CO2 Narcose) n’Ibarafu ry’Ibarafu:
8. Naho uwo muntu yoba akora umufuko mutoyi w’umuyaga ungana n’ikiganza, impwemu isusurutse kandi itose (37°C / 98.6°F) irashonga imbere mu mfuruka y’urubura, maze ubwo nyene igasubira gukonja ikaba urubura rukomeye rudashobora guca mu mazi rukabuza umuyaga mwiza gukwiragira mu rubura mu gihe rufata umwuka w’ikirere (CO2), bigatuma umuntu atakaza ubwenge mu minota mikeyi.

Igereranyo: Iriba ry’Igiti / Ifu Ikomeye (SIS) n'uguhamba kw'amabuye y'agaciro¶

Intambwe ku yindi y'umurokozi w'umugenzi: Uko wocukura umugenzi mu minota itarenga 4¶

Kubera ko ubwonko bushobora kwonona bitewe n’ugupfa ata mwuka mwiza butangura mu minota 4 gushika kuri 6 iyo inzira y’impwemu y’umuntu yashikiwe n’ivyago ipfutse urubura, kandi kubera ko bifata mbere n’aho Ski Patrol yihuta cane iminota 10 gushika kuri 20 kugira ngo umuntu ahamagarwe, agende ku ntebe, kandi agende ku giti, thevi0c the vitim gukina ski na bo ubu nyene.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     RIGHT VS. WRONG EXCAVATION PATH FOR A TREE WELL BUDDY RESCUE        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                         |
|   [WRONG: Stepping on Top Rim]          [RIGHT: Horizontal Tunneling]   |
|                                                                         |
|     Rescuer steps on top of               Rescuer approaches from       |
|     snow rim above branches:              BELOW (downhill) side:        |
|                                                                         |
|        [Rescuer Steps Here]                      / \                    |
|            |    / \                             / | \                   |
|            v   / | \                           /  |  \ [Skis Visible]   |
|     ~~~~~~~|~~/~~|~~\~~~~~~~          ~~~~~~~~/~~~|~~~\~~~~~~~          |
|     COLLAPSES/   |   \                       /    |    \                |
|     SNOW    /  [Head] \         [RESCUER] ==/====>| [Head / Airway]     |
|     ONTO   /  CRUSHES  \        Digs Straight     |  Cleared First      |
|     VICTIM   AIR POCKET         Inward to Trunk   |  in < 60 Seconds    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Intambwe ya 1: Ntukigere utakaza ubucuti n'amaso: Gumana itegeko ry'"Umufatanyabikorwa mu Maso"¶

1. Igihe uriko urakina ski canke snowboard mu biti ku musi w’ifu (30+ cm / 12+ inches y'urubura rushasha), ntiwigere "usimbuka" (aho umuntu umwe amanuka ku rubura ataboneka, akarindira hasi mu nzira y'urugendo). Ushobora gutwara mu buryo bukomeye uburyo bwo kubona uravye neza umugongo w’uwo mukundana, canke ukoreshe short-pitch tree spotting aho umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru arongoye ahagarara ahantu hatagira umutekano mu gihe aguma abona uwo mukundana wo hejuru inzira yose y’ugumanuka.
2. Igihe Uwo Mukundana Azimangana:
3. Amaso yawe ushire amaso ku igiti nyaco canke ikintu nyaco co mu karere aho waherutse kubona ijaketi yabo canke umupfunda w’urubura.
4. Vuza induru n'ijwi rirenga ("FASHA, SKIER IN A TREE WELL") kugira ngo utore abakinnyi bose bashobora guca mu matwi, uvuze ifirimbi yawe incuro zitatu, kandi nimba hari uwugira gatatu, ubabwire bahamagare Ski Patrol Dispatch n'izina nyaryo ry'urugendo maze ushire hejuru inomero y'umunara ubwo nyene mu gihe utangura kwimba ubwo nyene.

Intambwe ya 2: Yegera uvuye MUSI (Umanuka): Ntukigere ukandagira ku nzira yo hejuru¶

1. NTUgerageze gufata skis/snowboard y'uwagirizwa maze ukayikurura ugororotse hejuru uvuye hejuru:
2. Igihe an 80-kilogram (176-pound) umuntu akuze ahambwa ahindukiye mu 1990. 2 meters y'urubura n' 30 kilograms y’urubura ruruhukiye ku gikiriza no ku bitugu, rukwegera hejuru ku maguru canke ku bibohe vy’urubura ntibizobaduza; rizorambura gusa imitsi y’amavi yabo mu gihe rizunguza amatoni y’urubura rudakomeye ruva ku mashami rukamanuka mu maso habo.
3. Manuka Munsi y'Iriba ry'Igiti:
4. Ski canke scramble ukikuza gushika ku ruhande rw’amaja hasi (hasi) rw’iriba ry’igiti.
5. Kuraho skis zawe canke snowboard ubwo nyene kugira ngo ufise ibirenge bikomeye.
6. Inka munsi y’amashami yo hasi y’ivyatsi bihoraho (canke uvune/usunike amashami yo hasi mu nzira) kugira ngo ushire mu mwobo uri iruhande y’igiti.

Intambwe ya 3: Kura inzira y’impwemu MBERE mu masegonda 60¶

1. Kurikiza Umubiri w'Uwagirizwa Gushika Mu Mutwe Wabo:
2. Ukoresheje ibiganza vyawe canke icumu ry’urubura (ugukubura urubura kure mu maso h’uwagirizwa maze ukamanuka ukava mu mwobo), ukurikire umubiri w’uwagirizwa ukamanuka werekeza ku giti kugira uronke inkofero yabo, mu maso, akanwa, n’izuru.
3. Kubura akanwa n'izuru bisukure kandi usuzume uko uhumeka:
4. Kuraho ubwaguke 30-centimeter (12-inch) guhema umugende ukikuje umutwe n’igikiriza kugira ngo amahaha yabo ashobore kwaguka ataco yishisha.
5. Koresha intoke zibiri zifise amaganzu kugira ngo ukureho "igipfukisho" c'urubura cose cuzuye mu kanwa no mu mazuru yabo.
6. Baza n’ijwi rirenga nimba bashobora guhema. Igihe mu maso habo no mu gikiriza vyabo bimaze gupfukwa n’umuyaga mwiza wo hanze, isaha y’iminota 4 yo gupfuka impwemu irahagarara, bikaguha umwanya wo gubohora amaguru yabo n’ivyo baboshe ata nkomanzi.

Intambwe ya 4: Rekura ivyuma bifatanya ski canke snowboard maze ubikuremwo mu buryo buringaniye¶

1. Mubohore Ibirenge Hejuru:
2. Mu gihe uriko urakingira inzira y’impwemu iri musi, shira hejuru (canke usabe umurokozi wa kabiri ashike avuye ku ruhande) kugira ngo ushire hasi igitsintsiri c’ibipfukisho vy’ibirenge canke ufungure imigozi y’ibirenge n’amano y’ibipfukisho vy’ibipfukisho vy’ibipfunsi kugira ngo inkweto z’uwagirizwa ntizibe zifise ibipfukisho vy’ibipfukisho vy’ibipfunsi.
3. Kura Uwagirizwa Hanze Mu Mugende Uringaniye:
4. Imba umugende wo gusohoka uringaniye uja hanze uvuye ku ntugu ku ruhande rwo kumanuka, ushigikire umutwe w’uwagirizwa n’umugongo w’intanga, hanyuma ubishire hanze biringaniye ku rubura rukomeye.
5. Gusubira kubaho ubwo nyene iyo umuntu afise Apneïe (Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest):
6. Kubera ko umutima uhagarara mu iriba ry’igiti uterwa n’hypoxia/asphyxie (nk’uko nyene umuntu arohama canke ahambwa n’urubura), impwemu zo gukiza (uguhumeka) ni ngirakamaro cane. Kura urubura rwose mu kanwa, gufungura inzira y’impwemu (head-tilt/chin-lift canke jaw-thrust iyo umuntu akekwa ko afise ububabare bwo mu mugongo), ushiremwo impwemu 5 zo gutabara za mbere zikurikiwe n’impwemu 30:2 CPR (ugufatanya 30 mu gikiriza ku mpemu 2 zo gutabara), hanyuma ushireko AED igihe nyene Ski Patrol ishika. Turagusavye cane gufata inyigisho y’ubuhinga bwa CPR n’ubutabazi bwa mbere n’umusaraba utukura, St John Ambulance, canke umuganga wo mu misozi wo mu karere iwanyu.

Amabwirizwa y'isi yose yo gucungera ski no gutabara abantu ku misozi kubera ibihe vyihutirwa vy'iriba ry'ibiti¶

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada (Uburaruko bushira Uburengero bwa Pasifike, Kolombiya y’Ubwongereza, imisozi y’ibitandara, imisozi ya Sierras):
• In-Bounds Ski Resort: Hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa ya Ski Patrol y’aho hantu (icapwe ku ikarita y’inzira, ku minara y’ivy’uguterura, canke kuri porogarama ya Epic/Ikon; uyibike mu vyo ukunda imbere y’uko wiruka ubwa mbere) canke ushire ibendera ku muntu akoresha ivy’uguterura ari hafi canke umuhondo/umutuku. Guhamagara 911 kuva ku nzira z’ugutembererako ski gushika ku mupolisi w’intara mu kiyaya ategerezwa guca asubira guhamagara Ski Patrol, ivyo bikaba bitwara iminota 3 gushika ku 5 y’agaciro.
• Igihugu co inyuma / Igihugu co ku ruhande (Inyuma y'imipaka): Hamagara 911 kandi ushireho Garmin inReach yawe canke Ikimenyetso c'Umuntu (PLB) gukoranya abashakashatsi n’abarokozi bo mu ntara (SAR) canke Umutekano w’abashitsi bo muri Canada.
• Ubumwe bw'Uburayi n'Ubusuwisi (Imisozi ya Alpes, Pirenées, Dolomites, Scandinavie):
• Hamagara 112 (Inomero y’Ivyihutirwa yo mu Buraya) canke uhamagare incuro z’ugutabara zitaziguye zo mu misozi: Ubufaransa (112 / PGHM), Ubusuwisi (1414 REGA), Otirishiya (140 Igiti c'umusukoni), Ubutaliyano (118 / 112 CNSAS).
• Ubuyapani (Hokkaido: Niseko, Rusutsu, Furano, Kiroro; Honshu: Hakuba, Nozawa Onsen, Myoko):
• Ivyatsi vy’imiberoshi n’imibavu (Sasa) vyo mu Buyapani biri mu misozi miremire cane, bifatanijwe n’ibiti vy’imiberoshi vyo mu misozi miremire be n’ 15+ meters ry’urubura rugwa buri mwaka rituma haba ingorane zikomeye cane zo kwibika mu mazi y’ivu ryinshi cane (harimwo n’imyobo y’imigezi y’ubushuhe bwo hasi yihishije). Imbere mu mipaka y’ibibanza vy’uburuhukiro, hamagara inomero ya Ski Patrol icapwe ku rupapuro rwawe rwo guterura; ku bibazo vyihutirwa biva hanze y’imipaka, hamagara 110 (Igipolisi co gutabara abantu ku misozi) canke 119 (Igipolisi co gutabara abantu ku misozi).
• Ostraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande: Hamagara 000 (Igipolisi co muri Ostraliya kijejwe gucungera amazi / igipolisi co mu misozi miremire muri NSW na Victoria) canke 111 (Igipolisi co muri Nouvelle-Zélande / LandSAR).

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Abakinnyi bagenda ku rubura canke ku rubura boba bari mu kaga gakomeye ko gupfa mw’iriba ry’igiti?¶

Abakinnyi ba ski n’abakinnyi ba snowboard bompi barapfa mu mariba y’ibiti (hafi 55 kugeza kuri 60% abakinnyi b’urubura na 40 kugeza kuri 45% abakinnyi b’urubura mu makuru y’ibintu vyabaye muri Amerika y’Uburaruko), ariko kubera imvo zitandukanye gatoyi z’ubuhinga. A umukinyi w'umupira w'amaguru releasable DIN bindings zishobora kurekura ski imwe mu gihe c’ugugwa mu buryo bugoramye, mugabo iyo umukinyi asize ibiganza vyiwe imbere mu imikanda y'ikiganza, izo nkoni zishira amaboko hejuru y’umutwe kugira ngo ntizishobore gukuraho umufuko w’umuyaga. Ku rundi ruhande, a . umukinyi w'urubura imigozi idashobora kurekurwa ituma ibirenge vyose biguma bipfungiwe ubudasiba ku buryo bwagutse 155 kugeza kuri 165 cm urubaho rukora nk’inanga ifatanye n’amashami ari hejuru, bigatuma udashobora guhindukira uja iburyo gushika uwundi muntu afunguye ivyo biboshe.

Ni kuki ntagerageza gukina ski hafi y’ibiti aho ifu itakozweko?¶

Inyuma y’igihuhusi iyo amabarabara yuguruye akurikiranywe, abagenda ku rubura n’abagenda ku rubura barageragezwa no guhindukira iburyo munsi y’amashami y’inyuma y’ibiti bihora bimera ivyatsi aho urubura rusa n’urwo muremure kandi rudakurikiranywe. Iyo apron "itakurikiranye" iri munsi y'amashami si umusenyi ukomeye; ni igisenge c'ikinyoma c'iriba ry'igiti c'umwobo. Imisi yose ushire inzira yawe yo gukinirako ski canke snowboard hanze y’ umurongo w'inyuma w'igiti, ntukigere wibanda ku mutwe w’igiti c’umuberoshi kugira ngo ugenzure umuvuduko wawe, kandi wama uraba . ibibanza vyuguruye hagati y'ibiti aho kwitegereza ibiti ubwavyo.

Iyo naguye mu mpumuro ndende ku nzira y’uburinganire canke y’imfuruka ntoyi nhunga ibiti, noba nshobora gupfukama?¶

Egome, mu gihe nk’ibice bibiri vya gatatu vy’Ukwibizwa mu Rubura (SIS) urupfu rubera imbere mu mariba y’ibiti vy’imiberoshi, ica gatatu gisigaye kiba mu 1990. ifu yuguruye cane (`> 60 to 90 cm / 2 to 3 feet` y’urubura rw’igihuhusi rudakomeye) iyo umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru canke umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru w’urubura afashe umutwe (“tomahawks” canke “augurs in”) umutwe wiwe uja mu mazi maremare, mu gitanda c’uruzi, canke mu mfuruka y’ubutaka. Niwatera umutwe imbere mu mpumuro yuguruye cane, guma utuje, ureke gutera, uzunguze umutwe wawe kugira ngo ukore ikibanza c’ikirere, hanyuma wikubite ku ruhande rwawe canke ku mugongo uringaniye aho kugerageza gusunika ugororotse hasi ku rubura rutagira iherezo.

Ni kuki 90% vy’abageragejwe bananiwe guhunga neza igiti mu ngeragezwa za siyansi?¶

Mu ngeragezwa zizwi cane zigenzurwa zirongowe n'umutsimvyi w'umutekano w'iriba ry'igiti Paul Baugher (Ikigo c’Ikigobe co mu Buraruko bushira Uburengero / Igipolisi co ku musozi wa Crystal), abakuze bashobora gukina ski n’abagenda ku rubura barashirwa bahindukiye mw’iriba ry’igiti nyaryo, abajejwe gucungera umutekano bahagaze aho, bakabwirwa ngo baveyo. Ivyigwa icenda ku cumi vyananiwe rwose . kandi vyategerezwa gukurwamwo n’umugwi w’abajejwe umutekano kubera ko iyo amaboko yabo, umubiri wabo canke amaguru yabo yinyiganza, vyaca bihita bisenyura inkuta z’ico kinogo c’urubura rwari rworoshe imbere, bikabihamba ibwina cane maze bikabifatanya n’igikiriza mu masegonda 30.

Noba nkwiye gukomeza ama DIN yanje y’ugufatanya ski ku rugero rwo hejuru ku musi w’ifu ryinshi kugira ngo ntatakaze ski?¶

Oya, guhindura agaciro k'ugusohora kw'iboha ryawe ry'umupira w'amaguru (`DIN`) hejuru cane y'igicapo cawe c'uburebure/uburemere/ubwoko bw'umukinyi w'umupira w'amaguru rero ski zawe "ntizigera zisohoka mu mpumuro" ni akaga gakomeye cane mu biti. Iyo utereye umutwe imbere mw’iriba ry’igiti rifise amabohero ya DIN akomeye cane (canke amabohero y’itelemark/tech adashobora kurekurwa yugarijwe `Tour/Ski-Lock` uburyo bwo kuduga), bwawe `180-centimeter` ski zizoguma zifungiye ku nkweto zawe maze zigutere mu mashami y’igiti ari hejuru, zigufate umutego uhindukiye. Ahubwo, nugumye ibiboshe vyawe ku rugero rwavyo rwo kurekura maze ubishireko nylon ikayangana . imigozi y'ifu / imigozi ushize mu gipfukisho c’ipantalon yawe nimba uhagaze ku mutima wo kuronka ski irekuwe mu rubura rwinshi.

Umuntu yomara igihe kingana iki ahindukiye mu iriba ry’igiti iyo baremye umufuko mwiza w’umuyaga?¶

Igihe umuntu ashobora kurokoka kivana gusa n’ubunini bw’umufuko w’umuyaga be n’uko inzira y’umuyaga igaragara neza: iyo akanwa n’izuru vyuzuye urubura, umuntu arabura ubwenge mu 1990. Iminota 2 gushika kuri 3 kandi ugukomeretswa kw’ubwonko kudasubira inyuma gutangura mu 2012. Iminota 4 gushika kuri 6. Ariko rero, iyo uwo muntu ahita ahagaze, amukingira mu maso n’ukuboko kwiwe canke n’ibara ry’ikoti kugira ngo azigame . Santimetero 15 (inci 6) umufuko w’umuyaga uri iruhande y’igiti, kandi agahumeka buhoro buhoro, abarokotse isi nyakuri baragumye bafise ubwenge ku myaka . Iminota 30 gushika kuri 90+ gushika aho barokorwa.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Igiti co kwibika mu iriba no gupfuka urubura rwinshi
• Gukina ski, gukina snowboard, n'impanuka zo ku nzira
• Ubushuhe bwo mu bugaragwa n'ukurokoka mu bukonje
• Igwa rya Crevasse, urugendo rw'urubura, ukwifata, n'ugusenyuka kw'ikiraro c'urubura
• Snowmobile canke ATV yamenetse mu barafu yo mu kiyaga canke igumye mu mwobo w’ivu ryinshi ryo gusubirana n’ubuhungiro bw’ubushuhe bwinshi

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Ibibanza vyo Gukiniramwo Urubura (NSAA) & DeepSnowSafety.org (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada): Amabwirizwa yemewe yerekeye umutekano w’iriba ry’ibiti n’urubura rwinshi, Urutonde rw’imibare rwa NARSID / SIS, n’amasezerano y’abafatanyabikorwa (Paul Baugher / Northwest Avalanch) Ikigo c’ubushakashatsi ku rubura.
• Ishirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi ryo mu bugaragwa (WMS, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Ingingo ngenderwako z’ubuvuzi zo kwirinda no gucungera abapfuye n’urubura n’urubura rutari urwo.
• Ishirahamwe ry’igihugu ryitaho ivy’ugukina umupira w’amaguru (NSP) & Ishirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’ugucungera umupira w’amaguru ryo muri Kanada (CSP, Amerika ya ruguru): Ukwitaho ivyihutirwa hanze (OEC): Ivy’ugukura amariba y’ibiti, gukuraho inzira y’impwemu, no gusubiza ubuzima mu mubiri w’umutima.
• Komisiyo Mpuzamakungu y'Ubutabazi bw'Imisozi (ICAR / CISA-IKAR, Mpuzamakungu): Guzura Abahambwe mu Rubura n'Abapfuye mu Bidukikije vy'Imisozi.
• Inama y’Uburayi y’Ugusubiza Umuntu mu Buzima (ERC) & Ishirahamwe ry’Umutima ryo muri Amerika (AHA): Ibintu bidasanzwe vyo gusubiza Ubuzima mu Buzima: Ugutera Ubushuhe burengeye ubw’Impanuka n’Uguhamba kw’Ibarafu Inzira y’Impwemu/Ivy’Impeho Ibanza.