Imodoka iri mu mazi canke yononekaye n’umwuzure: Gukingira umuriro w’amabateri y’amazi n’amazi y’umunyu¶

Iyo umwuzure w’amazi, igihuhusi co ku nkengera y’ikiyaga, canke umwuzure w’amazi mwinshi wo mu nzira, biteye imodoka ihagaze canke ihagaze, ikosa rishobora gusenyura kuruta ayandi yose nyen’imodoka ashobora gukora ni amazi y’umwuzure amaze gusubira inyuma: gusohoka aja ku modoka maze agahindukiza urufunguzo rwo gucana canke gukanda . START buto "kugira ngo ubone gusa nimba ikiriko iratangura." Kugerageza gutera moteri yariye mbere n'amazi **mililitiro 50 gushika ku 100 (ama ounce 2 gushika ku 3,5 y'amazi, atarenga igice c'agakombe k'icayi) biciye ku nzira yayo y'umuyaga ukonnye iri hasi, bica bituma lock (hydrohydrolock): kubera ko amazi ari amazi adashobora gukomera, piston iriko iraduga itera uruhome rukomeye rw’amazi imbere mu cumba c’umuriro ku 800 RPM, igapfukama canke igatera inkoni zifatanya ivyuma vy’ivyuma maze igatera umwobo ugororotse biciye mu gice ca moteri c’icuma canke c’aluminium mu segonda zitari munsi ya $50. gusubina kw’amazi mu gusubirira moteri y’amadolari 9.000.

Mbere n’ikintu giteye akaga kuruta hydrolock y’ubuhinga ni akaga k’umuriro w’amashanyarazi n’amabateri inyuma y’umwuzure. Mu turere twose two ku nkengera y’ikiyaga inyuma y’ibihuhusi n’inkubi y’umuyaga, abajejwe guzimya umuriro bararwanya amajana n’amajana y’ibinyabiziga bitera umuriro amasaha, imisi, mbere n’indwi 2 canke 4 inyuma y’aho amazi avuye**. Mu modoka zisanzwe zikoresha amavuta ya peteroli n’amavuta ya dizeli, amazi y’umwuzure (na canecane amazi y’umunyu canke yo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga) akora ibiraro vy’ibice vy’umuriro vy’ubushobozi bwinshi imbere mu **under-hood fuse/relay box (TIPM / BCM). Mu Ibinyabiziga bikoresha umuyagankuba (BEVs) n’ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa n’amabateri (PHEVs) vyibiwe mu mazi y’umunyu, vyarahungabanye umuriro mwinshi (400V to 800V DC) ivyuma vy’amazi vy’umunyu bituma amazi y’umunyu ashobora gusenyuka mu bihimba vy’umubiri bifatanya n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri, bigatuma haba ubushuhe bw’ivyuma vy’umunyu bushobora guhunga (1,000+ degrees Celsius / 1,800+ degrees Fahrenheit) imisi inyuma y’igihuhusi. Iyi nkuru iraguha intambwe ku yindi y’urugero rw’ugutoranya umurongo w’amazi, amategeko yo guca amabateri y’amavolte 12, uburyo bwo gusukura amazi y’ibikoresho vy’amatara, amategeko yo gukingira amazi y’umunyu y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, n’ingene wosaba ko ubwishingizi bushobora gutakaza amazi yose.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. NTUHINDUKIRE URUPFUZO RWO GUTANGUZA, UKANDA BUTO YO GUTANGUZA, CANKE UKORESHE BUTO YO GUTANGUZA KURE: Ntukigere utera imodoka iri mu mwuzure kugira ngo "uyigerageze," kandi wirinde gukanda buto yo gufungura urufunguzo canke gufungura inzugi zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi nimba amazi ariko Module y’Ukugenzura Umubiri kandi itanga inguvu ku bikoresho vy’amazi vyuzuye). Iyo amazi yinjiye mu nzu y’iyunguruzo ry’umuyaga canke mu muyoboro w’umuyaga, gukoresha moteri y’ugutangura mbere n’igihe igice c’isegonda bizotuma moteri ifunga amazi maze isenye moteri canke ibikoresho bigenzura umuyagankuba (ECUs).
2. **NIBA IMODAKA YAWE Y'AMASHANYARAZI (EV) CANKE IMODAKA YAWE Y'AMASHANYARAZI (EV) CANKE PLUG-IN HYBRID YASENZERWE (CANE CANE MU MAZI Y'UMUNYU CANKE MU GIHUGU C'UMUNYU): Yikure ku metero 15 (amafuti 50) kure y'inzu iyo ari yo yose canke garage). U.S. Ishirahamwe ry’igihugu ryitaho umutekano wo mu mihanda (NHTSA) na FEMA / U.S. Fire Administration rigabisha ko amabateri y’umuyagankuba yinjijwe mu mazi y’umunyu ashobora guteba guca mu mubiri imbere mu mubiri be n’uko ubushuhe bushobora guhunga amasaha menshi gushika mu ndwi zitari nke inyuma y’aho amazi asubiye inyuma. Ntukigere ushaja EV ishobora guterwa n’umwuzure, ntukigere uyisiga ihagaze imbere canke iruhande y’inzu, kandi niwumva ivuza, ivuza induru, ivuza induru, canke ubona umwotsi w’umweru/umweru uva munsi y’imodoka, hamagara abo mu karere inomero z'ivyihutirwa (911 muri Amerika/Kanada, 112 mu Buraya, 999 mu Bwongereza) ubwo nyene (raba umuriro wa bateri ya litiyumu).
3. RONDERA NO GUFATA AMAFOTO Y'UMUGAMBI W'AMAZI MENSHI IMBERE YO GUKORA IKINTU COSE: Imbere yo gufungura inzugi canke gukura ivu hanze, fata amafoto y'ivu, ivyatsi, canke amazi y'ivu (high-water mark)** hanze y’inzugi, amapine, ahantu moteri iri, n’igitambaro co mu ntebe y’imbere. Abatunganya ivy’ubwishingizi bakoresha uburebure nyabwo bw’umurongo w’amazi ugereranije n’ibipfukisho vy’umuryango, ibipfukisho vy’ivyicaro, n’ibarabara ry’imbere kugira ngo bamenye nimba iyo modoka ari Igihombo cose gitegekanijwe n’Itegeko.
4. KUKURUKA BATERI Y'AMAVOLTE 12 (NEGATIVE - BLACK CABLE FIRST) NIBA BIRI MU MUTEKANO KUBIKORA (IMODOKA ZO GUKORESHA PEZOLO / DIZELI GUSA): Ku modoka isanzwe ikoresha peteroli canke dizeli aho amazi y’umwuzure yasubiye inyuma burundu kandi bateri yumutse kandi umuntu ashobora kuyironka munsi y’igipfukisho, koresha urufunguruzo rw’iminota 10 kugira ngo urekure (Nemo-, Black) battery terminal clamp hanyuma uzingire impera y’umugozi mu mpuzu yumye canke mu mufuko w’ipulasitike kugira ngo ntushobore gusubira gutera ku gipfukisho. Gucapura bateri y’amavolte 12 bihagarika umuyagankuba ubandanya mu nzira y’amashanyarazi yuzuye amazi kandi bikabuza ko umuyagankuba wo gutangura canke umuyagankuba wo gukonjesha udashobora gucana umuriro uri munsi y’ibarabara ijoro ryose. (Iciyumviro: Ntukigere ukora ku nsinga z’umuriro w’umutuku zifise umuriro mwinshi ku Hybrid canke EV, kandi ntukigere ukora kuri bateri ya 12V ikiri mu mazi ahagaze canke iriko irasesa/itera).
5. SUZUMA IBIBANZA BIBIRI MUSI Y'IKIBUMBANO IMBERE Y'uko UMUMEKANIKA WESE AGERAGEZA GUTERA MOTERI: (A) Igikoresho co kuyungurura umuyaga w'impapuro na (B) Igikoresho co gupima amavuta ya moteri n'ivyo gukoresha.
6. Kura Engine Air Filter Box y’ipulasitike maze wumve igice c’iyunguruzo ry’umuyaga ry’impapuro: iyo iyunguruzo itose, ry’amazi, canke rifise amazi y’ibitovu yirundanirije hasi mu gasandugu k’umuyaga k’ipulasitike, amazi hafi y’aho yinjiye mu nzira y’umuyaga n’ibipimo.
7. Kurura Igikoresho co gupima amavuta ya moteri n’igikoresho co gupima amavuta ya moteri**: nimba urugero rw’amazi rusoma inzira hejuru y’ FULL ikimenyetso, kigaragaza amatonyanga y’amazi ku nkoni y’icuma, canke kimeze nk’amata y’isokoroti y’umutuku/ibara ry’agahama, amazi yinjiye mu gitereko c’imodoka canke mu gitereko c’amazi biciye mu bihimba vy’impwemu.
8. SHIRA DOSIYE Y'UBWISHINGIZI BW'IMODAKA BUSHITSE UBWO BWO BURI BURI BURI BURI BURI BURI BURI BURI BUKOMEZI BW'UBWISHINGIZI BW'IMODAKA GUFUNGURA IMIRYANGO/AMADIRISHA YOSE KUGIRANGO UHAGURIKE UBURONGOZI BW'UMWUZURE: Ivyononekaye bitewe n'umwuzure bikingirwa n'ubwishingizi bw'imodoka bushitse ("Ibindi bitari ugutombora")**. Hamagara umuhinga mu vy’ubwishingizi bwawe kugira ngo ubone ikirego mu murongo imbere y’uko amakamyo y’akarere n’abatunganya ibintu barengerwa, kandi ushire inzugi canke amadirisho yuguruye (niba ari hanze y’imvura) kugira ngo amatapi atose ntakure ubumara Stachybotrys / Aspergillus imbere mu nzu y’indege mu masaha 48.

flowchart TD
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    B --> C{"Ni Ubwoko Ubuhe bw’Inguvu Imodoka?"}
    C -->|"Bateri y'umuyagankuba (BEV) canke y'umuyagankuba (PHEV)"| D["AKAGA K'UBUSHUHE BW'AMAZI Y'UMUNYU AKARENZE:<br/>1. NTUKORE ku nsinga za HV canke ngo ushiremwo umuriro<br/>2. Gukurura/kwimura imodoka 15 m (50 ft) kure y'inyubako zose<br/>3. Hamagara 911/112/999 nimba uriko uravuza induru, uvuza induru, canke uriko uranywa itabi"]
    C -->|"Amavuta ya peteroli canke Dizeli (ICE)"| E["Suzuma Bateri ya 12V: Niba amazi yasohotse & bateri idatera induru/ishushe, funga Negative (-) 12V Terminal n'urufunguzo rwa 10mm"]
    E --> F{"Amazi y’Umwuzure Yashitse Herehe Gute Ku Modoka?"}
    F -->|"Urugero rwa 1: Munsi y’Inyuma y’Imiryango (Munsi ya 15 gushika kuri 20 cm / 6 gushika kuri 8 in; amatapi yumutse 100%)"| G["Suzuma Agasanduku k’Iyunguruzo ry’Umuyaga + Amavuta/Trans/Ibipimo vy’Itandukaniro; Amafirimi yumye; Ni vyiza gukoresha iyo amazi n'isanduku y'umuyaga vyumye nk'amagufa"]
    F -->|"Urugero rwa 2: Hejuru y'ibitanda vy'umuryango / Amatapi atose gushika hasi y'ibitanda vy'ivyicaro"| H["NTUTANGURE: Airbag SRS Module, Ivyuma vy’Umubiri n’Ivyuma vy’Ivyuma Vyashizwe mu Mazi; Tow kugira ngo isuzumwe (Akenshi Ubwishingizi Butakaza vyose)"]
    F -->|"Urugero rwa 3: Hejuru y'Ibitanda, Dashboard, canke Moteri"| I["GUHOMBA KWOSE N'AKAGA K'UMURIRO:<br/>Iyo gukiza abantu mu buryo bw'amashini bagerageje hanze y'umufuko, UTEGEREZWA gukurura amabuye yose y'umuriro / amabuye y'umuriro & gukura amazi yose IMBERE yo gutera umuyagankuba"]

Urugero rw'amazi y'umwuzure rw'urugero rwa 4: Ivyago vy'ubuhinga n'ivy'ubwishingizi¶

Imbere yo gukoresha idolari rimwe mu gusanura canke mu gukurura, rondera umurongo w’ivu/ivu ku mapine yawe no ku miryango yawe maze uwugereranye n’iyi meza y’ugutoranya ivy’ubuhinga n’ubwishingizi:

Icigwa ca 1: Gutahura Ugufunga Amazi ("Hydrolock") n'Uko Wokuraho Moteri Irengeye Amazi¶

Niba udafise ubwishingizi bw’umwuzure (nk’akarorero, ku modoka ya kera yishuwe, ku modoka y’akazi, canke ku modoka y’ibarabara 4x4) kandi ukeneye kumenya nimba moteri ishobora gukizwa mu buryo bw’ubuhinga ata gupfukama kw’inkoni y’uguhuza, utegerezwa gutahura ingene amazi yinjira imbere mu moteri ipfutse imbere y’uko ufungura moteri.

1. Ingene Amazi Yinjira Mu Bipimo N’Igihe Moteri Yari Yazimye Mu Gihe c’Umwuzure¶

Abashoferi kenshi biyumvira bati: "Imodoka yanje yari ihagaze kandi izimye igihe ibarabara ryuzuye amazi, rero ntiyari gushobora kunyonga amazi muri moteri." Ivyo vyiyumviro birasambura moteri ibihumbi n'ibihumbi buri mwaka. Amazi yinjira muri moteri ihagaze, izimye biciye mu nzira zibiri zifunguye: 1. Inzira A, Biciye mu Muyaga Ukonje n’Ivyuma Bifunguye: - Imodoka z’abantu n’iz’ubuhinga bwa none nti zikura umuyaga uva hejuru y’igipfukisho; kugira ngo bafate umuyaga mwinshi kandi ukonnye, abahinga kenshi bararungika igikoresho co gufata umuyaga n’umuyoboro wo gutera umuyaga mu mazi hasi inyuma y’igipfukisho c’imbere canke imbere mu iriba ry’uruziga rw’imbere rw’iburyo/rw’ibubamfu (rimwe na rimwe sentimetero 35 gushika kuri 50 / inches 14 gushika kuri 20 gusa uvuye hasi). - Amazi y’umwuzure amaze kuduga hejuru y’aho hantu h’inzira y’amazi, amazi yuzura mu gasandugu k’iyunguruzo ry’umuyaga, akarenga umubiri w’umuyaga akaja mu gitereko c’inzira y’amazi, maze akagenda n’uburemere bw’isi agororotse arenga aho amazi y’inzira y’amazi y’inzira y’umuyagankuba ashobora guhagarara mu kibanza kigutse igihe waheruka gufunga izo nzira z’umuyaga kugira ngo uzimye moteri. 2. Inzira B, Inyuma Biciye mu Muyoboro w’Isohoka n’Ivyuma vy’Isohoka vyuguruye: - Iyo amazi y’umwuzure aduze hejuru y’umuyoboro w’umurizo w’inyuma (sentimetero 25 gushika kuri 40 / inches 10 gushika kuri 16), amazi aratemba aja imbere biciye mu gipfukisho c’ijwi n’igikoresho co guhindura ijwi, akaduga hejuru y’umurongo w’amazi asohoka, maze yinjira mu bipimo vy’amazi biciye mu bipfukisho vy’umuriro vyuguruye vyose.

2. Fizike ya Hydrolock: Umuyaga (Ushobora gufatwa) n’Amazi (Adashobora gufatwa)¶

Mu moteri isanzwe y’amavuta 4 (9:1 to 11:1 compression ratio) canke moteri ya dizeli (16:1 to 20:1 compression ratio), iyo piston iduga irafatanya umuyaga ukagira agace gatoyi k’imililitiro 40 gushika kuri 55 (cc) umubare w'ivyo gukuraho ku kibanza co hejuru c'abapfuye (TDC). Kubera ko imyuka ishobora gufatanya, iyo piston irafatanya neza umuyaga n’amavuta. Amazi y’amazi ni hafi 100 kw’ijana adashobora gukomera. Iyo militiro 60 gusa (ibiyiko 4) vy’amazi yicaye hejuru ya piston igihe ukoresha moteri y’ugutangura ifise umuvuduko munini (canke ikibi kuruta, iyo izindi cylindres zumye zitera umuriro zigatuma umugozi w’amazi utera umuvuduko w’amazi ku 1.000 RPM), Ikigo c’abapfuye. Kubera ko amazi adashobora gufatanya kandi n’ibipfukisho vy’amazi yinjira n’ibisohoka bikaba vyugarijwe, iyo nkoni y’icuma ikozwe mu cuma gifatanya irafatanya ikaba . S-shape canke igaca mu bice bibiri, igaturitsa impera y’inkoni yavunitse igororotse biciye ku ruhande rw’igice ca moteri.

3. Intambwe 6 z'ubuhinga "Spark-Plug-Out Purge" Porotokole (Ku batagira ubwishingizi / DIY ubuhinga bwo gukiza gusa)¶

Nimba ata n’ubwishingizi ufise kandi utegerezwa kugerageza kwikingira moteri y’amavuta ya peteroli canke ya dizeli yuzuye amazi wewe nyene, ntiwigere utera moteri gushika uhejeje intambwe zitandatu zose mu buryo nyabwo:

1. Intambwe ya 1, Suzuma isandugu y'iyunguruzo ry'umuyaga n'umuyoboro w'amazi:
2. Kura igipfukisho c’agasanduku k’umuyaga, ukureho akayunguruzo k’umuyaga k’impapuro, hanyuma ukure igipfukisho c’umupira w’amaguru ku mubiri w’umuyaga. Kura amazi yose ahagaze n’ivu mu gasandugu k’umuyaga no mu gitereko c’amazi.
3. Intambwe ya 2, Suzuma kandi ushire amavuta yo mu gitereko ca moteri IMBERE yo gukora ikindi kintu cose:
4. Kurura igipimo c’amavuta. Raba iki kintu giteye ubwoba c’ubuhinga bwa fizike: Amavuta areremba hejuru y’amazi. Iyo igice ca litiro y’amazi y’umwuzure amanutse mu gitereko cawe c’amavuta, igikoresho co gupima amavuta coshobora kwerekana amavuta meza hejuru mu gihe amazi meza yicaye hasi cane y’igitereko aho nyene igikoresho co gutora amavuta kiri.
5. Shira igitereko co gukuramwo amazi munsi y’igipfukisho co gukuramwo amavuta ya moteri maze uce ufungura igipfukisho 3 gusa: iyo amazi asukuye canke y’ibitovu abanza guhera imbere y’amavuta ya moteri y’umwirabura (canke iyo amavuta asa n’ay’amata), ushiremwo amazi yose mu gipfukisho c’amavuta, usubirizeho icunguruzo ry’amavuta, hanyuma wongere wuzuze amavuta mashasha ya moteri.
6. Intambwe ya 3, Kuraho amabuye YOSE (Moteri za peteroli) canke amabuye / injectors (Moteri za diesel):
7. Kura amabombo y’umuriro maze ukureho ubugi bwose bw’umuriro ku bipimo vyose 4, 6, canke 8.
8. Igituma ivyo bibuza hydrolock: Kubera ko amatara y’umuriro akuweho, ubu buri cylindre irafise umwobo wo gukuraho umuriro w’imilimetero 14 wuguruye cane hejuru y’icumba c’umuriro. Amazi ntashobora gusubira gufatwa n’ipistoni iriko iraduga.
9. Intambwe ya 4, Zimya Sisitemu y'Igitoro (Pull the Fuel Pump Fuse/Relay) na Uhindure Igikoresho c'Igikoresho n'Ukuboko Mbere:
10. Ugurure isandugu y’amafizi iri munsi y’ibarabara maze ukuremwo FUEL PUMP fizi canke relay na IGNITION fuse (niwatera moteri ama spark plugs asohotse mu gihe ama injecteurs y’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga ariko aratera amavuta ya peteroli, ivyobo vy’amavuta y’ibitoro vyuguruye birasa geyser y’amavuta ya peteroli atomized ku starter canke ignition coils zishushe maze zica umuriro wo mu kibanza ca moteri).
11. Shira umugozi muremure w’ugucapura n’igipfukisho ku nzira y’imbere y’umugozi w’ugucapura hanyuma uzungurutse moteri 2 inzinguzingu zishitse (720 degrees) n’ukuboko. Kuyihindukiza n’ukuboko bituma wumva wiyoroheje nimba ivyondo biremerera canke ibisigazwa biriko biraboha izo cylindres kandi bikasunika amazi menshi hanze y’ibinogo vy’amatara ata bukazi bw’umuyagankuba.
12. Intambwe ya 5, Crank na Starter mu masegonda 5 kugira ngo ukureho amazi yasigaye mu cylindre:
13. Gupfuka igitambaro kiremereye hejuru y’igipfukisho c’amazi (kugira ngo ufate amazi y’amazi yanduye), uhagarare neza, hanyuma ushire igikoresho co gutangura ibiturika bibiri canke bitatu vy’amasegonda 5 gushika umukungugu w’amazi zero usohotse mu myobo y’amazi yuguruye.
14. Gutera mililitiro 5 (akayiko 1 k’icayi) z’amavuta ya moteri asukuye canke amavuta yo gutera umukungugu mu mwobo wose w’amatara yuguruye kugira ngo usubire gutera amavuta ku mpome z’ibipimo n’ibizingiti vy’amapistoni vyari vyarasukuwe (ahandi ho ibizingiti vy’icuma vyumye bizokwifatanya n’ibihome vy’ibipimo2).
15. Shiraho amatara mashasha canke yumutse, wongere ushiremwo icunguruzo ry’umuyaga ry’impapuro zumye rishasha, usubiremwo fizi y’ipompa y’amavuta, hanyuma utangure moteri kugira ngo isusurutse amavuta kandi ihindure ubukonje busigaye, hanyuma uhindure amavuta ya moteri maze uyiyungurure ubugira kabiri inyuma y’iminota 20 ikora.
16. Intambwe ya 6, Suzuma kandi ushiremwo amazi mu gitereko, mu gitereko, mu bikoresho bitandukanye, n'amazi y'amafirime:
17. Igikoresho cose gikoreshwa n’amaboko, igikoresho co guhindura imodoka 4WD, n’itandukaniro ry’umurongo w’imbere/inyuma gifise agapfukisho gatoyi k’umuyaga wo gukuraho umuvuduko hejuru y’inzu yaco. Amazi y’umwuzure amaze kuduga hejuru y’imirongo y’imirongo (25 to 35 cm / 10 to 14 inches), amazi akanye aranyonka agororotse aciye mu gipfukisho c’umugozi akaja mu mavuta y’ivyuma. Amazi yandujwe n’amazi yikoresha (ATF) irapfuka ivyuma bifatanya n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri bikoreshwa n’impapuro imbere mu gikoresho gihindura umuduga mu bilometero 50** umuntu ariko aratwara. Imbere yo gutwara imodoka, ushiremwo kandi usukure amazi yose y’amata canke y’itandukaniro.

Icigwa ca 2: Kubera iki amazi y’umunyu n’amazi y’umunyu asenya imodoka iteka ryose (kandi agatuma umuriro ucererwa)¶

Amashirahamwe y’ubwishingizi n’abahinga mu vy’imiduga barashira umurongo utukura hagati ya ibidengeri vy’imvura meza n’amazi y’umunyu yo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga / amazi y’umwuzure yo mu nkengera y’ikiyaga**:

1. Ingaruka z'Imirongo y'Imitsi ("Kanseri y'Igikoko c'Ivyatsi")¶

Intsinga z’imiduga zo muri iki gihe si intsinga zikomeye zikingijwe; birimwo amajana y’intsinga z’umuringa zitagira ikintu zifise imirongo myinshi zipfutse mu bihimba vy’umuringa bitagira ikidodo biri imbere mu bipfukisho vy’ipulasitike bifatanya. - Uko amazi y’umunyu agenda aduga mu musozi imbere mu nsinga: Iyo imbere y’urutsinga rwo hasi rwicaye mu masentimetero 5 (2 inches) y’amazi y’umunyu mu kiringo c’isaha imwe, igikorwa c’imitsi kirakura amazi y’umunyu gushika hejuru cane mu bibanza bitobito hagati y’urutsinga rw’umuringa PVC ruri munsi ya,30 sentimetero (1 gushika ku 3 feet) kuduga** mu ma orodinateri yo ku rubaho rw’indege atarigeze mbere akora ku mazi. - Guteba kunanirwa haciye amezi 3 gushika kuri 12: Kubera umunyu (sodium chloride) ni hygroscopic (inywa ubukonje buva mu kirere gitonyanga ibihe bidahera), izo nsinga z’umuringa zica zibora buhoro buhoro zigacika ibara ry’icatsi kibisi ridashobora gutwara umuriro chloride y’umuringa n’ifu ya verdigris imbere mu gipfukisho. Imodoka yuzuye amazi y’umunyu isa n’iyitangura kandi itwara neza inyuma y’aho yumiye, izoshikirwa n’ibibazo amakosa y’amatara y’umuyaga, ukubura ubushobozi bwo gutwara imodoka mu nzira ndende, ukuzimira kw’ibikoresho vy’ibinyoma, n’ibimenyetso vy’impanuka vya SRS bishobora gusenyuka haciye amezi.

2. Kubera iki Airbag yarengewe n’amazi (SRS) Ivyigwa Ni Urukino Rwica¶

Igikoresho co kugenzura Airbag ya SRS (ACM) ni hafi hose ifatanye n’ivyuma bifatanye n’ivyuma biri hasi cane mu mugende wo hagati** (munsi y’ibarabara ryo hagati canke itapi y’imbere) kuko ni ho imodoka igira uburemere bw’ugupima inguvu z’uguhagarara kw’impanuka. - Iyo amazi y’umwuzure ajabutse amabarabara y’umuryango agatonyanga itapi, Igikoresho co Gucungera Airbag ni kimwe mu bikoresho vya mbere vy’ubuhinga bwa none bishobora kwibizwa mu mazi. - Igikoresho cose gikora imodoka (OEM Position Statement) itegeka cane ko Igikoresho cose co Gucungera Airbag ya SRS, igikoresho co gupima igitero, canke igikoresho co gufatanya umukanda w’umutekano cari mu mazi canke cari mu mazi KITEGEREZWA gukurwamwo no gusubirwamwo, ntikizokwigere kiguma kiguma kigasubira gukoreshwa. Ugusenyuka kw’imbere mu gikoresho ca SRS birashobora kubuza ama airbags gutera mu mpanuka yica canke bikatuma airbag iturika ata n’umwe ayitegetse, igihe uriko uratwara imodoka mu nzira ndende ku giciro c’ibilometero 110 kw’isaha.

Icigwa ca 3: Ivyifuzo vy’ubwishingizi, Ivyishurwa vyose, no kwirinda ubuhendanyi bw’imiduga y’inyuma y’umwuzure¶

1. Uko Ivyifuzo vy'Umwuzure Bikora:
2. Ivyonona n’umwuzure (vyaba bivuye ku mazi ariko araduga mu nzira, umwuzure w’inkubi y’umuyaga, canke mu garage yo mu butaka yarengewe n’umwuzure) bikingirwa 100 kw’ijana na Ubwishingizi bw’Imodoka Bushitse (ukuramwo amahera yawe), kandi mu bihugu vyinshi **gutanga ubwishingizi bw’umwuzure bushitse uburyo igitero c’amakosa gikora.
3. Ntukigere urindira gutanga: Inyuma y’umwuzure wo mu karere, amashirahamwe y’ubwishingizi ararungika Catastrophe (CAT) amashirahamwe kandi bagakodesha ibibanza bininibinini vyo ku kibuga c’indege kugira ngo babike ibihumbi mirongo vy’imiduga yose hamwe y’umwuzure. Gutanga amakuru ku musi wa mbere ufise amafoto asobanutse y’impeta y’amazi menshi ku miryango yawe no ku ntebe zo mu nzu akenshi bituma uwujejwe ubwishingizi amenyesha ko imodoka yawe ari Ihombo ryose kure biciye ku gushiramwo amafoto maze akarungika agaciro k’amahera yawe nyayo (ACV) kwishurwa mu misi aho kwishurwa mu ndwi.
4. Iyubare umutego "Ugukiza kwa nyirayo" ku modoka yarengewe n'amazi:
5. Abashoferi bamwebamwe barageragezwa no kwemera ko amahera y’ubwishingizi agabanywa gatoyi kugira ngo “bagume bafise imodoka yuzuye amazi (owner-retained salvage)" maze bakavyuma bonyene. Hafi ntuzokwigera ubikora ku modoka y’ubu igenzurwa na mudasobwa (canke umwuzure w’amazi y’umunyu). Igihe DMV ya leta ishizeko ikimenyetso c’uko FLOOD / SALVAGE, iyo modoka itakaza 50 gushika ku 80 kw’ijana vy’agaciro kayo ko gusubira kugurisha, ababikira benshi banse kuyindikako amahera yose, kandi ibice vy’umubiri vy’umubiri, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha amashanyarazi (amadolari 2.000), n’ibikoresho vyo gutanga amakuru bizotuma konti yawe ya banki yuma mu mezi 12 azoza.
6. Uko womenya imodoka y'umwuzure "Iyozwe n'Izina" Igihe Ugura Imodoka Yo Gusubirira Inyuma y'Igihuhusi:
7. Mu misi 30 gushika kuri 90 inyuma y’umwuzure wose munini, abasubira kwubaka ata co bazi baragura imodoka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi zari zarengewe n’umwuzure mu masoko y’ugukiza, bakazisukura amatapi, bakazijana mu mipaka ya leta canke y’igihugu kugira ngo “basukure” ikimenyetso c’umwuzure ku mpapuro, maze bakazigurisha abaguzi batazi.
8. Urutonde rw'iminota 5 rwo kumenya imodoka y'umwuzure imbere yo kugura imodoka iyo ari yo yose yakoreshejwe:
   • Kurura imikanda y’umutekano gushika ku mpera y’umukanda w’umutekano maze urondere amabara y’ubukonje, ibizingiti vy’ubumara, canke ivu riri hasi y’amasentimetero 30 (inci 12) y’uruzitiro (abahinga mu vy’ido n’ido barashobora gusukura ivyicaro, ariko ntibashobora gusukura imbere mu gipfukisho c’umukanda w’umutekano gipfutse).
   • Raba munsi y’urubaho rw’imodoka ufise itara ry’umuyagankuba ku bifatanya vy’icuma bitagira ibara, bitagira ibara bifashe inking y’umuduga n’ibara ry’umuduga: mu modoka yumye, ivyuma bitagira ibara biri munsi y’urubaho rw’imodoka biguma ari ifeza irabagirana; mu modoka y’umwuzure, ubukonje bwo mu nzu buhinduka ubusa munsi y’uruzitiro rw’ivyuma bifatanya n’umuhondo n’umugese wo hejuru.
   • Suzuma neza ipikipiki y’inyuma munsi y’itapi y’ibarabara hanyuma ukure inyuma imfuruka y’itapi y’imbere y’ibirenge inyuma y’ibirenge kugira ngo urondere ivyatsi vyumye vy’umuhondo canke ivyatsi vyera vy’umukara ku mitwe y’amabouti y’aluminium.
   • Gukoresha VIN y'imibare 17 biciye kuri NICB VINCheck urutonde rw'amakuru canke NMVTIS (National Motor Vehicle Title Information System) urutonde rw’umwuzure imbere yo gutanga amahera yose.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni kuki ntakwiye kuzokwigera nhindukiza urufunguzo canke ngo nkanda buto ya Start kugira ngo ngerageze nimba imodoka yanje iguma ikora inyuma y’umwuzure?¶

Guhindukiza urufunguzo rwo gucana canke gukanda buto ya Start inyuma y’umwuzure bituma ibintu bibiri bihita bihungabana, bikaba bitera akaga. Ica mbere, iyo amazi y’umwuzure yadutse hejuru cane ku buryo yinjira mu muyoboro w’umuyaga wo muri moteri uri hasi canke wo gusohora umwuka, maze akaja mu nzira y’umuyaga yuguruye, akaja mu gitereko c’amazi, gutera umuduga w’umuyagankuba bitera piston iriko iraduga ku mazi adashobora gukomera (hydrostatic lock canke hydrolock), ivyo bikaba bituma moteri ipfuka canke igaca ipfuka. igice c’isegonda. Ubwa kabiri, naho amazi yoba atashitse ku bipimo vya moteri, guhindukiza urufunguzo biratanga inguvu ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none, amasandugu y’amafuzi, no kuri mudasobwa y’umuyagankuba mu gihe amazi y’ibitovu canke y’umunyu ariko arazibira ibikoresho vyabo vy’ubuhinga bwa none, akabira ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none bizimvye canke akavyura umuriro w’umuyagankuba wari gushobora gukingirwa n’ubuhinga bwa none.

Amazi y’umwuzure ategerezwa gushika kure gute imbere y’uko ishirahamwe ry’ubwishingizi ritangaza ko imodoka yatakaje burundu?¶

Nk’uko itegeko rusangi ry’inganda muri Amerika y’Uburaruko, Uburayi na Ostraliya, iyo amazi y’umwuzure aguma munsi cane y’imbere mu nzu (nk’amasentimetero 15 gushika ku 20 canke amasentimetero 6 gushika ku 8, akora gusa ku mapine yo hasi no ku mafirimi mu gihe asiga amatapi yo mu mutima 100 kw’ijana inyuma y’aho imodoka yumutse). amazi. Ariko rero, iyo amazi y’umwuzure amaze kuduga hejuru y’ibipfukisho vy’imiryango n’ibidengeri biri imbere mu nzu y’abagenzi ku matapi yo hasi, na canecane iyo amaze gushika hasi ku bipfukisho vy’ivyicaro canke ku rubaho rw’ibarabara, amashirahamwe y’ubwishingizi hafi y’igihe cose amenyesha ko iyo modoka ari Total Loss yikora. Ivyo ni kubera ko imodoka zo muri iki gihe zishirako SRS Airbag Control Module, amabarabara y’umubiri munini, be n’ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba bikoresha umuyagankuba ku gitereko co hasi, kandi amategeko agenga ivy’umutekano y’abahinguzi arabuza gusubira gukoresha airbag canke ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyinjiye mu mazi y’umwuzure.

Ni kubera iki imodoka zikoresha umuyagankuba (EV) be n’izikoresha umuyagankuba zitandukanye zishobora gufatwa n’umuriro imisi canke amayinga inyuma y’umwuzure w’amazi y’umunyu?¶

Amabateri y’inguvu nyinshi (akora ku 400 gushika ku 800 volts DC) arakingirwa imbere mu bibanza vyo munsi y’umubiri vy’uburinzi bifise utuzu tw’impwemu zituma umuvuduko ungana. Iyo EV canke plug-in hybrid yicaye mu mazi maremare y’umwuzure, canecane amazi y’umunyu yo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga canke umuyaga w’umunyu ushobora gutwara umuriro cane, amazi arashobora guca mu bihimba vy’umubiri bishaje canke mu bipfukisho vy’impwemu maze akaja muri bateri. Imbere muri iyo pake, amazi y’umunyu arasenyura ivyuma bifatanya n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri be n’ibipande vy’ivyuma, agatuma haba uguhinduka kw’umuyagankuba gukomeza kurekura gaze y’iyidrojene ishobora kwaka, kandi agasiga inyuma ibiraro vy’umunyu bishobora gutwara umuyagankuba mbere n’igihe amazi amaze gusohoka. Uwo murongo mutoyi wo mu mutima ushushanya utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ivyuma vyitwa litium-ion gushika twinjiye mu nzira y’ubushuhe bwitunga (burenga degre 1.000 canke degre 1.800), bigatuma haba umuriro w’imiti ukomeye cane amasaha, imisi canke gushika mu ndwi zitari nke inyuma y’umwuzure. Imisi yose uhagarike canke ukureho EV iyo ari yo yose ishobora guterwa n’umwuzure nibura metero 15 (amafuti 50) hanze kure y’amazu, amagaraje n’ibindi binyabiziga.

Amazi yoba yoshobora kwinjira mu bipimo vya moteri yanje iyo imodoka ihagaze kandi izimye igihe cose c’umwuzure?¶

Egome. Ntubwirizwa gutwara imodoka uciye mu kinogo kugira ngo ubone amazi yo kwuzuza amacylindre ya moteri yawe. Iyo moteri y’umuriro wo mu mutima izimye, n’imiburiburi amavalve abiri canke arenga y’ugufata amazi n’ayo gusohora amazi yama ahagaze ahantu yuguruye. Iyo amazi y’umwuzure ariko araduga apfutse umuyoboro w’umuyaga ukonnye wo muri moteri (uwo akenshi ushirwa hasi imbere mu gipfukisho c’imbere canke mw’iriba ry’uruziga, gusa amasentimetero 35 gushika kuri 50 canke amasentimetero 14 gushika ku 20 uvuye hasi) canke umuyoboro w’umuyaga w’inyuma, umuvuduko w’amazi canke umuyoboro w’amazi n’umuyoboro w’umuyaga maze ukarenga izo nzira zifunguye, ukazuza amazi mu bipimo vy’umuyaga mu gihe imodoka yicaye ihagaze. Iyo rero ushizeko umuriro mu gitondo cakurikiyeho utabanje gukuraho amabuye y’umuriro, moteri ica ica ifata amazi.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ishirahamwe ry’igihugu ryitaho umutekano wo mu mihanda mikuru (NHTSA) & Ishirahamwe ry’umuriro ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika / FEMA (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Impanuro z’agateganyo ku modoka zikoresha umuyagankuba n’izikoresha umuyagankuba zifise amabateri y’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba mwinshi inyuma y’ugutera kw’amazi y’umunyu n’ugusenyuka kw’amazi y’umwuzure (15oFot-5). Porotokole).
• Ibiro vy’Igihugu vy’Ubwishingizi vy’Ubugizi bwa nabi (NICB) & Ikigo c’Ubwishingizi c’Umutekano w’Imihanda Mikuru (IIHS) (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Imirongo y’Ivyuma vy’Ibinyabiziga vy’Inyuma y’Imwuzure, Amategeko agenga ivy’Ikinyabiziga c’Ibinyabiziga vy’Umwuzure, n’Igitabo c’Ibinyabiziga vy’Imwuzure vy’Ibinyabiziga.
• Inama hagati y'inganda ku bijanye no gusanura imodoka zigoye (I-CAR) & OEM Position Statements: Amategeko agenga ivy'ugusubirira amazi ku bijanye n'ibikoresho vyo gucungera amazi (SRS) Airbag Modules, Corrosion y'imirongo y'amashanyarazi, n'amateraniro y'amashanyarazi.
• Ishirahamwe ry'abahinga mu vy'imiduga (SAE) n'abahinga mu vy'imiduga (ASE): Ikifunguzo c'amazi (Hydrolock) Ivyuma vy’ugufatanya-inkoni n’ugukuraho ubuhumane bw’amazi y’igikoresho co guhumeka inyuma y’ugutera mu mazi.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Imodoka iri mu mazi: imodoka iriko irarohama ihunga no kurokoka
• Bateri ya litiyumu-iyoni irasha n'ubushuhe burahunga
• Impanuka n'umuriro vyihutirwa vy'imodoka zikoreshwa n'umuyagankuba, hybride, n'ihydrogène
• Gusanura vyihutirwa ku ruhande rw'inzira no gutorera umuti ingorane
• Inomero z'ivyihutirwa hakurikijwe igihugu