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Derechos, ibiturika bitobito, n’ukurokoka kw’umuyaga w’umurongo ugororotse cane

Igitigiri c'ivyihutirwa gitandukanye hakurikijwe igihugu. Iyi paji ikoresha 911, inomero ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada. Ibindi bihugu vyinshi bikoresha 112, 999 canke uwundi mubare. Rondera umubare w'igihugu cawe.

Naho inkubi y’umuyaga ifata umutima wa bose kubera imigende yayo iboneka izunguruka, inkubi y’umuyaga ikomeye cane inkubi y’umuyaga igororotse (vyihariye derechos ikwiragiye hose n’ibihuhusi bitobito**) igira ingaruka ku bibanza binini cane kandi itera ingorane z’imibumbe y’inkubi y’umuyaga. Igikoko citwa bow-echo derecho gikomeye gitera imbere kijabuka hasi ku muvuduko munini w’ibilometero 80 gushika ku 115 kw’isaha (ibilometero 50 gushika ku 70 kw’isaha), kigatuma haba uruhome rudahinduka rw’ibilometero 120 gushika ku 210 kw’isaha (75 gushika ku 130 kw’isaha) n’umuyaga ushika ku bilometero 650 kw’isaha. ijisho riri hagati.

Abanyagihugu benshi ntibitaho Imburi y’Imituragaro Ikomeye kuko biyumvira ko igihe cose Imbuzi y’Imituragaro itarasohoka, kuguma mu cumba co hejuru, kwicara mu modoka ihagaze munsi y’ibiti vy’igitutu, canke kuguma mw’ihema ry’ishyamba ari vyiza. Mu vy’ukuri, amakuru yerekeye ivy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ava mu kigo ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe ivy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere be n’amakuru yerekeye ibihuhusi bikomeye vyo mu Buraya yerekana yuko ibiti bikomeye n’ibiti vy’imiberoshi bikura bimenagura ibisenge vy’amagorofa yo hejuru, imodoka zihagaze be n’aho abantu bakambika ari vyo bitera urupfu rwa mbere mu gihe c’ibihuhusi bikomeye be n’ibihuhusi bitobito. Iyo Imburi y’Imituragaro Ikomeye cane canke Imbuzi y’Imituragaro Ikaze cane ivuze kuri telefone yawe, utegerezwa kuyifata n’ubwihutirwa bwo kwikingira mu nzu yo munsi y’ubutaka/imbere mu nzu nk’inkubi y’umuyaga.

Ivyo ubikore ubu

  1. Fata Imburi y'Inkuba Ikomeye "Isambura" canke "PDS" nk'Imbuzi y'Igihuhusi: Iyo Igisata c'Igihugu kijejwe Ivy'Imihindagurikire y'Ikirere canke ikigo cawe c'Igihugu kijejwe ivy'Imihindagurikire y'Ikirere gitanga Imburi y'Imituragaro Ikomeye ifise akamenyetso ISENYA (imiyaga y'ibilometero 130/h / 80 mph canke irenga), iratera Al amatelefone; ubwo nyene wimukire mu cumba co hasi canke co mu nzu yo hasi cane.
  2. Muve mu vyumba vyo hejuru munsi y’ibiti bininibinini ubwo nyene: Nk’ibice bibiri vya gatatu vy’impfu ziterwa n’ibiti bininibinini bishika iyo ibiti vy’imiberoshi, ivy’imiberoshi canke ivy’imiberoshi vy’amametero 30 (amafuti 100) bikura mu butaka bwuzuye maze bikagwa mu bisenge vyo mw’igorofa ya kabiri no mu vyumba vyo hejuru; manuka mu nzu yo hasi canke mu nzu yo hasi imbere y’uko igicu c’etageri gishika.
  3. Muhebe amahema, ama RV, ama camper trailer, n’imiduga ihagaze munsi y’ibiti ubu nyene: Imiduga, imodoka zo kwisamaza, n’amazu agendagenda biratanga ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’ibiti bigwa kandi biratembagazwa bitagoranye mu miyaga y’ibilometero 140 kw’isaha (87 mph); n’ukwirukira mu nyubakwa ikozwe muri beton canke mu mabuye, mu nzu yo kwogeramwo canke mu nzu yo kwikingira iri munsi y’ubutaka imbere y’uko umuyaga utera.
  4. Guma kure cane y’amadirisho n’ibisenge vy’amabarabara manini: Imiyaga igororotse ihindura ibikoresho vyo mu rugo, amabuye yo mu gisenge, n’ibitandara vy’amaguru bikagira ibisasu vy’umuvuduko munini bimenagura amadirisho y’amabara abiri, mu gihe amazu y’imyimenyerezo, amaduka manini manini y’ubudandaji, n’ibisenge vy’ububiko bishobora gusenyuka canke gusenyuka.
  5. Niwafatwa uriko uratwara imodoka ku nzira ndende yuguruye iyo umuyaga uteye imbere, n'uve kure y'ibiti, amabati y'amazi, n'ibibanza bica hejuru: Hagarara ku rutugu rwuguruye canke ahantu hasi kure cane y'ibiti vyo ku ruhande rw'inzira n'ibikamyo vy'agaciro kanini, ushire izuru ry'imodoka yawe mu muyaga nimba bishoboka, ushire ahantu ho guhagarara hasi, urugero rw’ibarabara ry’imbere.
  6. Inyuma y’aho umuyaga uhagaze, wiyumvire ko umugozi wose n’uruzitiro rw’icuma rwamanutse bifise inguvu ku 7.200+ volts: Derechos ifata ibihumbi vy’ibiti vy’amazi icarimwe, ipfutse imirongo y’ugukwiragiza ubuzima ku ruzitiro rw’uruzitiro, amashami y’ibiti atose, n’imigende y’amazi yuzuye amazi; ntukigere utera intambwe mu mazi ahagaze hafi y’urutsinga rwamanutse canke ngo ugerageze gukuraho amashami y’igihuhusi akora ku mirongo.

Kubera iki kwicara mu modoka ihagaze kugira ngo ‘usohoke’ mu derecho akenshi bishobora kwica .

Mu gihe c’izuba ryinshi ry’izuba n’iry’izuba ryinshi, abatembera mu misozi, abakinyi ba golf, abashitsi baza muri pariki be n’abagenda mu modoka barakunda kwirukira mu modoka zabo zihagaze kugira ngo baronke aho bokwikingira iyo ikirere gihindutse kirabura. Kubera ko ahantu abantu bahagarara, inzira z’abantu babamwo be n’inzira zo guhagararako zirimwo ibiti vy’igitutu bikuze, imodoka zihagaze zica zicika imitego y’urupfu igihe umuyaga ugenda umanuka ugenda n’ibilometero 150 kw’isaha utera ibiti biva ku gisenge c’inzu. Igikapu kimwe c’igiti c’umuberoshi c’uburebure bwa santimetero 60 (24 inches) gipima ibiro 5.000 gushika ku 10.000 (amapawundi 11.000 gushika ku 22.000) kandi kigaca gimenagura igisenge c’imodoka itwara abantu kikaja ku bitanda vy’ivyicaro ubwo nyene. Imisi yose ntuze wihishe mu nzu y’ivyuma, beton canke y’amatafari iri hasi cane, ntukigere wihisha mu modoka ihagaze hafi y’ibiti.

Ivy'imitererere n'ivy'ubuhinga bwa fizike: Derechos n'ibiturika bitobito n'ibihuhusi

Gutahura ingene imiyaga igororotse igenda ihinduka, birasigura igituma uburyo yononekaye busa n’ubutandukanye n’igihuhusi be n’igituma itera ata n’umwe ayigabishije.

Ikintu c'umuyaga Uburyo bwo kumenya ikirere Ikirenge gisanzwe n'umuvuduko wo gutera imbere Umuvuduko w'umuyaga n'umukono w'ivyago
Derecho (Igihuhusi c'umuyaga / Ijwi ry'umuheto) Umurongo w’imituragaro ikomeye (Quasi-Linear Convective System) umara igihe kirekire kandi witunganije aho indege zikonja zija inyuma zitera zija hejuru inyuma y’ijwi ry’umuheto ryitwa echo zigoramye, zigasunika uruhome runini rw’umuyaga imbere. Igihugu gifise uburebure bw’ibilometero 100 n’uburebure bw’ibilometero 650**; igenda imbere ku 80 gushika ku 120 km/h (50 gushika ku 75 mph). Ivyuka bikomeye vy’ibilometero 93 gushika kuri 225 kw’isaha bimara iminota 15 gushika kuri 45; itera amashamba yose n’imirongo y’amashanyarazi mu nzira imwe y’imbere (kenshi ishiramwo ibihuhusi vy’inkubi y’umuyaga vy’i QLCS bigenda bihinduka bigufi ku ruhande rw’imbere).
Igitero c'amazi canke c'umye ("Igitero c'amazi") Inkingi y’umuyaga ukonjejwe n’imvura kandi yuzuye urubura, iratemba ihagaze iva mu mfuruka y’inkuba nk’amazi yajugunwe mu ndobo ihindukiye, igatera hasi maze igatera hanze ihagaze mu mpande zose. Igihugu c’ibitero vyihariye 1 gushika kuri 4 km (0,6 gushika kuri 2,5 miles) mu mpande; irahingura kandi igatera hasi mu minota iri munsi ya 5 gushika kuri 10. Imiyaga isohoka ishika kuri 240 km/h (150 mph) (ingana n’igihuhusi EF-3); isiga inyenyeri ziturika / zitandukanye z’ivyago zica ibibatsi zigororotse zija hanze zivuye ku ntumbero yo hagati y’ubutaka.
Tornado (Igihuhusi gizunguruka canke umurongo w'igihuhusi) Inkingi y’umuyaga izunguruka cane ivuye ku musozi w’igicu ca cumulonimbus gushika hasi, itwarwa n’umuyaga ukomeye w’umuyaga w’umuyaga w’umuyaga (mesocyclone) n’umuyaga w’umuyaga w’umuyaga (baroclinic vorticity). Inzira ndende mu bisanzwe metero 50 gushika ku bilometero 2,5 (amafuti 160 gushika ku bilometero 1,5) ubwaguke; umuvuduko w’imbere 30 gushika kuri 95 km/h (20 gushika kuri 60 mph). Imiyaga iva kuri 105 gushika kuri 480+ km/h (65 gushika kuri 300+ kw’isaha); ivyara igishushanyo c’ibisigazwa vy’ibisigazwa vy’inkubi y’umuyaga bihurikiye hamwe, bigoramye, nk’inkubi y’umuyaga aho ibiti n’inkuta bijugunywa mu nzira zijabukana.
Haboob / Inkubi y'umuyaga isohoka (Inkuba y'umuturagaro y'umuyaga) Inkuba zitera mu bugaragwa bwumye canke mw’ivu ry’uburimyi, zigatera hejuru uruhome rwinshi rw’amabuye y’agaciro n’umusenyi bihuma amaso imbere y’imbere y’umuyaga. Imbere Ubwaguke bw’ibilometero 15 gushika ku 150; igabanya ukuboneka kuva ku birometero 16 gushika ku metero zero mu masegonda atarenga 30. Inkubi y’umuyaga 80 gushika kuri 130 km/h (50 gushika kuri 80 mph) ifatanijwe n’ibirundo vy’imiduga myinshi bishobora kuboneka ataco bimaze.

Ibimenyetso vy'imburi biboneka mu kirere: Kumenya igicu co ku ruhande

Kubera ko derecho yiruka ijabutse ahantu ku bilometero 100 kw’isaha, ikaba yihuta incuro zibiri kuruta inkuba isanzwe yo mu ci, kenshi ishika aho uri izuba rikiriko rirakayangana kandi imbere y’uko itosi rimwe ry’imvura rigwa.

  1. Igicu c’Ikigobe / Igicu c’Ikigobe (Arcus Cloud): Raba mu burengero canke mu kirere kiriko cegera. Umurongo w’umuyaga w’inkubi y’umuyaga witwa derecho canke w’umuyaga ukomeye ubanzirizwa n’igicu kinini cane, kimanitse hasi, kiringaniye c’ubururu bwijimye canke c’ibara ry’icatsi kibisi kimeze nk’imbere y’ubwato bunini canke umupfunda w’amazi uzunguruka ugenda ugendagenda ku mitwe y’ibiti.
  2. Umuvurungano w'Akanwa k'Ikiyaga: Munsi y'umunwa w'imbere w'igicu c'ibara ry'agahama, ibicu bisa n'ibishaje, biteka, kandi bitaye (bizwi mu vy'ikirere nk'"akanwa k'ikiyaga").
  3. Itegeko ry’iminota 2: Igihe uruhande rw’imbere rw’igicu co hasi ruca hejuru y’umutwe, imbere y’umuyaga uratera hasi mu masegonda 60 gushika kuri 120. Imiyaga irashobora gusimbuka iva ku ntumbero y’ibilometero 0 kw’isaha ikaja ku bilometero 140 kw’isaha mu masegonda atarenga 15, iherekejwe n’ugutera bukwi na bukwi kw’ubushuhe bw’ikirere buva ku bilometero 10 gushika ku bipimo 15 vy’ubushuhe n’uguhuma amaso. Iyo ubonye igicu c’amashelufu kiregera kijabuka ikiyaga, ikibuga ca golf canke umuhanda munini, urafise iminota itarenga 3 canke 5 kugira ngo ushikire ahantu h’ubuhungiro bwo mu nzu bukomeye.
flowchart TD
    Alert["Imburi y'inkuba nyinshi cane (130+ km/h / 80+ mph) CANKE Igicu co hasi kiriko kiregeranya"] --> Where{"None Ubu Uri Hehe?"}
    Where -->|"Imbere mu nzu canke mu nzu"| TreeCheck["1. Ubwo nyene uve mu vyumba vyo hejuru n’ivyumba biri munsi y’ibiti binini"]
    TreeCheck --> SafeRoom["2. Niwimukire mu nzu yo munsi y’ubutaka CANKE mu nzu yo hasi cane, mu bwogero, canke mu kabati kure y’amadirisho"]
    SafeRoom --> Protect["3. Ambara Inkweto Zikomeye, Gumana Itara + Telefone Ishaje, Kandi Upfuke Umutwe N’Ibipfukisho/Inkofero Iyo Igisenge Kivuze"]
    Where -->|"Gukambika, gutembera mu misozi, canke mu nzu y'ibarabara"| Abandon["1. Nimuve mu Ihema, mu Kambi, canke mu Nzu Igendagenda Ubwo nyene Imbere y’uko Gust Front Ishika"]
    Abandon --> HardBldg{"Mbega Inyubakwa ya Beton/Itafari (Icumbi/Iduka) Irashikwako?"}
    HardBldg -->|"Ego"| GoBldg["Kwiruka mu cumba co hasi cane c'imbere mu nyubakwa y'amabuye"]
    HardBldg -->|"Oya (Igihugu c’Inyuma y’Ubugaragwa Burebure)"| OpenLow["Kuva ku Ibiti Birebire vyo mw’Ishamba Uje Mu Kibanza Gito, Mu Kiyaya Canke Mu Mugende Udakomeye; Gupfukama hasi ku gipande co kwikingira"]
    Where -->|"Ku mazi (Ubwato, Kayak, Marina)"| BeachBoat["1. Ushireko Ijaketi y'Ubuzima (PFD) Ubwo nyene"]
    BeachBoat --> HeadShore["2. Moteri/Paddle ku muvuduko wose ku nkengera y’ikiyaga iri hafi cane no guheba ubwato kugira ngo ubone ubuhungiro bukomeye"]

Ivyabaye 1: Gukingira mu nzu, mu nzu canke ku kazi

Iyo Imbuzi y’Imituragaro Ikomeye ifise ikimenyetso c’iterabwoba ry’uko yoshobora kwonona IBISEMBA (ishobora guterwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika iyo radar canke abapima umuyaga bamenye umuyaga w’ibilometero 130 kw’isaha / 80 kw’isaha canke urubura rw’amasentimetero 7 / 2,75 inches) canke igihe **Imbuzi y’umuyaga w’inguvu z’ibilometero 130/h/5 115+ mph) irasohoka:

1. Gushira mu ngiro itegeko ry'uguhunga ry'abantu mu buryo buhagaze ry'"Anti-Tree-Fall"

Mu gihe c’igihuhusi, ikintu nyamukuru gitera ubwoba ni uko inzu yose ishobora gukurwa ku mushinge wayo n’ibihuhusi binyota. Mu derecho canke microburst, inzu nyinshi z’ibiti n’amatafari ziguma zihagaze ku mishinge yazo, ariko ibiti bininibinini bitera mu gisenge bimenagura amagorofa yo hejuru bikamanuka ku bipande vy’igorofa ya kabiri.

  • Uve mw’igorofa yo hejuru ubwo nyene: Naho woba uba mu nzu ikomeye y’amatafari y’amagorofa abiri, uve mu vyumba vyose vyo mw’igorofa ya kabiri n’iya gatatu igihe nyene Imburi y’Imituragaro Ikomeye Ishobora Gusambura ivuga.
  • Raba hanze maze umenye uruhande rw’inzu rurabana n’ibiti binini: Nimba igiti c’umuberoshi c’amametero 25 (amafuti 80) gihagaze ku ruhande rw’uburengero bw’inzu yawe kandi derecho iriko irakwegera iva mu burengero, genda mu nzu yo hasi canke mu cumba co hasi co mu nzu iri ku ruhande rw’igorofa ry’imbere (derecho the mainstructuration) kandi amagorofa abiri y’amabarabara yicara hagati yawe n’igiti kigwa.
  • Nimba uba mu nzu y’amazu menshi: Sohoka mu vyumba bikikije bifise amabaraza manini manini y’ibirahuri, ugende mu nzira yo hagati yo mu nzu, mu bwogero bwo mu nzu, canke mu ngazi y’umuriro ikozwe muri beton iri hasi cane umuntu ashobora gushikako.

2. Kubera iki udategerezwa kwigera ufungura amadirisho "kugira ngo ugereranije umukazo".

Inkuru y’imigani ya kera yo mu myaka ya 1950 yavuga yuko gufungura amadirisho ku ruhande rw’inzu ruri ku ruhande rw’umuyaga bituma igisenge c’inzu kidapfuka iyo hari umuyaga w’inkubi y’umuyaga. Injeniyeri y’imigende y’umuyaga yerekana ibihushanye n’ivyo:

  • Iyo ufunguye idirisha (canke iyo ibisigazwa biguruka bimenaguye idirisha ry’umuyaga canke bituma urugi rw’igaraje rugoyagoya rupfuka imbere), uwo muyaga w’ibilometero 150 kw’isaha (93 mph) uratera mu nzu maze ugatera umukazo mu vyumba vyo mu nzu nk’umupira w’amaguru uvyuka.
  • Uwo muvuduko wo mu mutima uja hejuru usunika hejuru ku ruhande rwo munsi rw’ibipande vy’igisenge mu gihe umuyaga wiruka hejuru y’inyuma y’igisenge utuma haba uguterura kw’ikirere (Bernoulli suction), ugatuma inguvu zo guterura ziri ku bipande vy’igisenge zikubye kabiri maze ugatabura igisenge nyene ku mpome.
  • Ico wokora: Gumana amadirisho yose, inzugi zo hanze, na na cane cane urugi rwawe rwa garage nini rwugarijwe kandi rufunze imbere y’uko igihuhusi gishika.

Ivyabaye 2: Ufashwe hanze mu nkambi, mw'ishamba canke muri parike

Derechos na microbursts ni ikintu kidasanzwe cica abakambika, abantu benshi baza mu misi mikuru y’umuziki be n’abatembera kubera ko ahantu ho gukambika n’inzira hafi y’igihe cose biba biri munsi y’ibitandara vy’amashamba bikomeye. Mu muyaga w’umurongo ugororotse w’ibilometero 140 kw’isaha, amajana y’ibiti vy’imiberoshi bifise imizi mike cane be n’ibiti bikomeye bikomeye cane birakura icarimwe (ikintu abahinga mu vy’amashamba bita gutera umuyaga canke ugutera umuyaga), mu gihe amaguru yo hejuru yapfuye (abapfakazi at

  1. Ntukigere uguma mw’ihema ry’inylon, ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara, canke ry’ibarabara ry’urugendo munsi y’ibiti: Ihema ntiryakingira igiti c’ibilo 2.000 kigwa, kandi ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara.
  2. Menya inzu yo kwogeramwo imbere y’uko umwijima uba: Igihe cose uzoba uriko urashinga ikambi muri parike ya leta canke y’igihugu, rondera inyubakwa y’ubwogero/ubwogero bw’amabuye y’agaciro canke ikibanza c’abashitsi. Igihe radiyo yawe y’ikirere canke telefone yawe y’amaboko imenyesha ko hari umurongo w’umuyaga mwinshi, uvyure bose, wambare inkweto n’amatara yo mu mutwe, maze ugende uja mu nzu yo kwogeramwo ya beton imbere y’uko umuyaga n’imiravyo bitangura.
  3. Ico wokora iyo ufunzwe mu bugaragwa burengeye amakilometero menshi uvuye ku nyubakwa iyo ari yo yose: Iyo umuyaga w’inyuma canke derecho y’inyuma y’igihugu uteye bukwi na bukwi mu gihe uriko uragenda n’amaguru kure y’inyubakwa canke amabarabara:
    • Va mu biti birebire ubwo nyene: Uve mu biti vy’ibiti birebire vyinshi kandi bikomeye, winjire mu gisagara kinini kuruta ibindi vyose biriho ikiyaya gifunguye, ahantu h’ibitandara, ahantu h’ibitoke h’ibitoke, canke umubande munini w’ibiti vyumye aho urugendo rwawe n’igiti kirekire kiri hafi cane ari nibura **eight of ti.5.
    • Irinde ibiti bimwe bimwe biri ukwavyo n’imirongo miremire y’imisozi: Kubera ko imirongo y’imiyaga ikaze itera imiravyo ikomeye iva ku gicu ija hasi iruhande y’imiyaga isesa, ntukigere uhagarara hafi y’igiti kimwe kiri ukwaco mu kibanza gisukuye.
    • Adopt the low lightning/wind crouch: Gutera umufuko wawe (shira igitambaro co kuryamako c’ifu munsi y’ibirenge vyawe nimba ufise), gupfukamira hasi mu mfuruka canke mu mwobo (umaze kugenzura ko atari umuyoboro w’amazi w’umwuzure) kugira ngo amashami aguruka agende hejuru y’umugongo wawe, maze ufunge umugongo wawe n’izosi ryawe. ipaki y’igikoko gikomeye.

Ivyabaye 3: Ufashwe utwara imodoka ku muhanda munini canke ufashwe mu bwato

Kurokoka kw'inzira ndende mu gihe c'umuyaga w'inkubi y'ibilometero 150 kw'isaha canke umuyaga mutoyi

  1. Ntuhagarare munsi y’umuhanda munini uca hejuru y’imigende miremire: Kuduga ku bitandara vy’umukungugu biteye igomwe biri munsi y’ikiraro c’umuhanda munini bituma umubiri wawe ugira ingaruka z’umuyaga-tunnel Venturi zituma umuyaga wihuta cane kandi zigatuma umuyaga wihuta kandi ugatuma ivyuma, ibirahuri, n’amabuye y’agaciro bihuma amaso. imirongo y’imihanda mikuru y’ibinyabiziga vy’ivyihutirwa kandi bikaba bitera ugutombokana kw’iminyororo y’inyuma mu mvura idashobora kuboneka.
  2. Kura burundu mu nzira z’ingendo mu kibanza kitagira ibiti: Sohoka mu nzira ndende uja ku nyubakwa ikomeye y’ubudandaji (iduka ry’ibifungurwa vy’amavuta, inyubakwa y’amabuye yo kuruhukirako) nimba umwanya uvyemerera. Iyo umuyaga w’imbere uteye imbere y’uko usohoka, ukwegere kure cane y’inzira y’amaguru uko bishoboka kwose ku rutugu ruringaniye canke ahantu hafunguye hatagira ibiti vyo ku ruhande rw’inzira, ibiti vy’amashanyarazi, ibimenyetso vy’inzira ndende biri hejuru, n’ibinyabiziga bikurura amataratara (ibinyabiziga bikurura amataratara vy’amametero 16 / amafuti 53 bifise ubusa ad centja overwto10 km/h / 68+ mph umuyaga ujabuka).
  3. Guma umukanda wawe uboshe kandi ushire munsi y’umurongo w’ibirahuri: Siga amatara yawe y’akaga, ushiremwo frein ya parking, ugume umukanda wawe uboshe (mu gihe umuyaga w’umuyaga wotera imodoka), wiheke munsi y’urugero rw’amadirisho kugira ngo ibirahuri vy’umutekano bimenaguke ntibikubite umutwe wawe.

Ugutwara ubwato no kurokoka mu mazi yuguruye iyo igicu co ku ruhande kibonetse

Ubwato buto bukoreshwa n’amashanyarazi, ubwato bugendera ku mazi, ubwato bugendera ku mazi, ubwato bugendera ku mazi, n’ubwato bugendera ku mazi ku biyaga bininibinini, ku bidengeri canke ku biyaga vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga, birashikirwa n’uguhindukira ningoga iyo umurongo w’umuyaga w’ijwi ry’umuheto uteye kubera ko umuyaga wihuta hejuru y’amazi yuguruye atagira imivurungano uri 20 gushika kuri 30 kw’ijana w’ugutera imbere kuruta hejuru y’ubutaka (6,5-foot) imenagura imiraba mu minota itarenga 3.

  • Ntukigere ugerageza "gusohora" igicu c'amabarabara kiriko kiregeranya: Niwabona igicu c'umwirabura c'uruzitiro ku musozi wo mu burengero canke wumva inkuba, uce ugenda ugenda mu mirongo ubwo nyene maze ugende ugororotse ku kivuko kiri hafi, ku nzira y'ubwato, canke ku nkengera y'ikiyaga ku muvuduko wose.
  • Ambara kandi ubohe impuzu yose yo gukiza ubuzima (PFD) imbere y’uko umuyaga utera: Igihe umuyaga w’ibilometero 120 kw’isaha (75 mph) n’umuyaga upfutse amaso biteye ubwato butera, kwambara impuzu yo gukiza ubuzima mu mazi ni hafi bidashoboka. Umuntu wese akuze n’umwana wese ategerezwa kwambara impuzu y’ubuzima yemejwe na USCG/ISO igihe akiri mu mazi atuje.
  • Beach the boat nimba udashobora gushika ku marina: Ntushire ubuzima bwawe mu kaga ugerageza kujabuka ikiyaga gifunguye c’ibilometero 5 ugasubira ku nzira y’ubwato bwawe nimba imbere y’umuyaga uri ku minota 2. Nimwirukire ubwato ku nkengera y’ikiyaga iri hafi cane y’umusenyi canke y’ibitovu, mubohe umurongo w’umuheto ku muzi uri hasi, muhebe ubwato, maze muje mu gihugu hagati kure y’ibiti birebire vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga.
  • Iyo ufashwe mu mazi yuguruye udashobora gushika ku nkombe: Uce utera amabarabara yose ubwo nyene; ushire ivyuma vy’imbere mu bwato hasi mu bwato; n’ugutera nanga kuva ku muheto (ntiwigere ugira inyuma) ufise umurongo muremure w’ibilometero 7:1 gushika kuri 10:1, canke ugumize moteri igenda vyihuta gusa kugira ngo umuheto ushire mu mfuruka ya degre 45 mu mipfunda iriko iraza** mu gihe bose bicaye hasi ku mfuruka y’ubwato hagati y’igice c’ubwato. Raba uburongozi bwacu kuri Impanuka zo mu bwato kugira ngo umuntu arokoke.

Kurokoka inyuma y'igihuhusi: ingorane 3 zishobora kwica inyuma y'aho derecho irenze

Mu mateka, igice kinini c’abantu bakomeretse cane kandi bapfa bivuye ku bihuhusi bikomeye (nk’ivyo muri Ruheshi 2012, ivyo muri Amerika y’Uburaruko, ivyo muri Myandagaro 2020, n’ivyo muri Kanada muri Ontario-Québec muri Rusama 2022) bishika **mu masaha 72 inyuma y’aho ikirere giteye neza.

flowchart TD
    Aftermath["Imiyaga ya Derecho canke Microburst iragabanuka"] --> WireCheck["1. AKAGA K’AMASHANYARAZI: Fata Intsinga Yose Yamanutse, Intsinga Imanitse, n’Uruzitiro Rw’Ivyuma Nk’Ivyuma Biriho (7.200+ Volts)"]
    WireCheck --> TreeDamage{"Igiti caguye ku nzu yawe canke ku modoka yawe?"}
    TreeDamage -->|"Igiti ku nzu"| HouseEvac["Guhunga Munsi y’Ikibanza c’Ingaruka; Suzuma ko hari umunuko w’umuyagankuba; Raba Igiti ku Masezerano y'Inzu"]
    TreeDamage -->|"Umurongo w'amashanyarazi waramanutse ku modoka"| StayInCar["Gumana Imbere mu Modoka; Hamagara kuri 911/112/999; Gusa Gusimbuka Ufise Ibirenge Hamwe Iyo Imodoka Ifashe Umuriro"]
    TreeDamage -->|"Amashanyarazi yarazimye mu karere kose"| GenSafety["2. AKAGA K’IBIMENYETSO VYA CARBON MONOXIDE: Gukoresha amageneratore ashobora gutwara umuntu ku metero 6+ (amafuti 20+) hanze kure y’amadirisho"]
    GenSafety --> Chainsaw["3. AKAGA K'IBITI: Ntukigere Ukata Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Ibiti vy'Imitsi y'Igiti vy'Imitsi y'Igiti vy'Imitsi y'Igiti."]

1. Intsinga zamanutse zifise inguvu zihishijwe mu mashami n’inzitiro zizitiye

Because a derecho snaps thousands of utility poles across multiple counties at once, automated substation circuit reclosers often fail to trip (or repeatedly try to re-energize the line) when a high-voltage wire falls onto dry pavement, wooden tree branches, or a residential fence.

  • A live wire does not have to spark or hum: High-voltage primary distribution lines (4,160 to 34,500 volts) can lie completely silent and motionless in wet grass or draped across a tree limb while carrying instantly lethal current.
  • Beware of energized chain-link fences and metal guardrails: A downed wire touching a metal fence or guardrail three blocks down the street energizes the entire continuous length of that fence. Never touch a metal fence, aluminum siding, or wet tree branch touching utility wires after a windstorm.
  • If a power line falls on your car: Stay inside the car and wait for electric utility linemen to de-energize and ground the line. Only exit if the vehicle catches fire by jumping clear with both feet together so you never touch the car and the ground at the same time, then shuffle or hop with both feet together at least 15 meters (50 feet) away. Read our full guide on downed power lines on vehicle.

2. Carbon monoxide poisoning from portable generators during multi-day blackouts

Because derechos destroy high-voltage transmission towers as well as neighborhood distribution poles, power outages routinely last 3 to 10 days during stifling summer heat waves.

  • Never run a portable gasoline or propane generator inside a garage, basement, porch, breezeway, or near an open window: Opening the garage door does not prevent deadly carbon monoxide (CO) buildup. Place portable generators outside in the open air at least 6 meters (20 feet) away from all doors, windows, and vents, with the exhaust pipe pointed away from the house and neighboring homes.

3. "Spring-pole" and rolling-trunk traps during chainsaw cleanup

After a derecho, homeowners rushing into the yard with chainsaws suffer severe facial, chest, and leg crush injuries from loaded spring-poles and root-ball snapback:

  • Loaded Spring-Poles: When a heavy tree falls onto a smaller sapling or branch and bends it down like a giant archery bow, that bent limb stores thousands of Newtons of mechanical potential energy. The instant a chainsaw blade cuts halfway through the tension wood on the top curve of that bent branch, the wood fibers snap violently upward at over 80 km/h (50 mph), driving the branch or the chainsaw bar straight into the operator's face and chest.
  • Uprooted Root-Ball Snapback: When a massive tree uproots, its 3-meter-high vertical wall of dirt and roots wants to fall back down into the crater hole the moment you saw the heavy trunk free from the stump. Never let children play in or near the dirt crater behind an uprooted tree root ball, and never stand behind or underneath a root ball while cutting the main trunk. See our guide on tree on house for structural stabilization steps.

Pre-storm derecho and microburst readiness checklist

Prepare your home and family before peak convective storm season:

  • Enabled Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) on all family smartphones and placed a battery-backed NOAA Weather Radio (with SAME county alert coding) on your nightstand so night-time derechos wake you up instantly.
  • Identified your home's safest lowest-floor interior room located on the opposite side of the house from any tall yard or street trees.
  • Had an ISA-Certified Arborist inspect large trees within striking distance of your bedrooms for hollow rot, co-dominant V-crotch splits, or root heaving.
  • Braced your wide residential garage door or kept vehicles parked inside so wind cannot blow the garage door inward and lift the house roof.
  • Inkweto zikomeye zifise amano yugarijwe, inkofero ikomeye canke inkofero y’ikinga, itara ry’imbere ry’akazi, n’ibanki y’amashanyarazi yo gutwara imbere mu kabati kawe ko mu nzu yo hasi.
  • Ivyuma vy’inkengeri vy’umuyagankuba (CO) bikoreshwa na bateri vyageragejwe ku rugero rwose rw’inzu yawe imbere yo gukoresha umuyagankuba uwo ari wo wose wo gufasha inyuma y’igihuhusi.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa

What is the difference between a derecho and a regular severe thunderstorm?

While an ordinary severe thunderstorm typically lasts 20 to 30 minutes and causes scattered wind gusts of 93 km/h (58 mph) across a single town, a derecho is a massive, fast-moving, self-sustaining complex of storms (often shaped like an archer's bow on radar) that cuts a continuous damage swath at least 100 kilometers (60 miles) wide and 650 kilometers (400 miles) long. Derechos race forward at 80 to 120 km/h (50 to 75 mph) and pack sustained hurricane-force straight-line winds of 120 to 210+ km/h (75 to 130+ mph) that can topple millions of trees and knock out regional power grids across multiple states or provinces in a single day.

Why did my phone just buzz like an AMBER Alert or Tornado Warning for a Severe Thunderstorm Warning?

In the United States and participating alert systems internationally, the National Weather Service uses a three-tier impact threat system for Severe Thunderstorm Warnings. While standard warnings do not trigger emergency cell broadcasts, when radar or storm spotters detect imminent life-threatening straight-line winds of at least 130 km/h (80 mph), equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane or EF-1 tornado, or baseball-sized hail (7 cm / 2.75 inches), forecasters add a "DESTRUCTIVE" damage tag that automatically fires a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) siren on every smartphone in the polygon. Treat a Destructive Severe Thunderstorm Warning with the exact same basement/interior-room sheltering action as a Tornado Warning.

How can I tell from the damage after a storm whether we were hit by a tornado or a microburst/derecho?

Look at the directional pattern of fallen trees, flattened crops, and structural debris. Because a tornado is a tightly rotating vortex of rising air, its winds pull trees and building materials inward and twist them in converging, criss-crossing circular directions, often leaving houses one street over completely untouched. In contrast, a derecho or microburst produces powerful straight-line outflow winds that blow trees and debris down in one uniform forward direction or in a starburst fan pattern radiating straight outward from a central downdraft strike point across a wide area.

Why is my upstairs bedroom dangerous during a derecho if my house is built out of solid brick?

Even in a well-built brick or masonry house that easily withstands 150 km/h wind pressure on its walls, the roof framing and rafters cannot stop the kinetic energy of a falling 30-meter (100-foot) hardwood tree weighing 10 tons. Statistics show that most fatalities inside homes during derechos occur when saturated soil gives way and massive yard or street trees crash directly through the roof into second-story bedrooms. Always come downstairs to the basement or a ground-floor interior hallway before a severe squall line hits.

If I am camping in a tent or RV when a derecho hits, is it safer to get into my car?

Only if you can drive or park that car in a completely open clearing far away from all trees and utility poles. In forested state and national park campgrounds, moving from a tent into a car parked underneath tall pine or oak trees is extremely dangerous because falling tree trunks crush vehicle roofs flat and trap occupants inside. Your safest move in a campground is to walk early to the reinforced concrete-block restroom/shower building; if no masonry building exists, move to an open meadow or clearing well beyond the height of the surrounding trees.

Why is cutting up fallen trees with a chainsaw after a derecho so much more dangerous than normal firewood cutting?

Wind-toppled trees create two hidden mechanical traps that rarely exist when cutting normal flat logs on the ground: "spring-poles" (smaller trees or thick limbs bent tightly under the weight of a larger fallen trunk like a cocked mousetrap) and unstable "root balls" on uprooted trees. When an untrained homeowner cuts into a bent spring-pole limb, the wood snaps upward with explosive force that can break the operator's jaw or throw the running chainsaw back into their neck, while cutting a trunk free from an uprooted stump can allow the multi-ton dirt root ball to slam back into its crater hole onto anyone standing nearby.

Amasoko yasuzumwe

  • Ishirahamwe ry'Igihugu ry'Imihindagurikire y'Ikirere / Ikigo kijejwe guhanura ibihuhusi (NWS / SPC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Ivyerekeye Derechos: Insobanuro y'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ubuhinga bwo gutera ijwi ry'umuheto, amategeko agenga umutekano w'umuyaga mwinshi, n'ingingo z'imburi zishingiye ku ngaruka ("Ibisambura" 80+ mph WEA).
  • Ibidukikije n’Ihinduka ry’Ikirere Canada (ECCC, Canada): Imituragaro ikaze, Derecho, n’Imituragaro y’Imituragaro n’Imirongo ngenderwako y’Umutekano w’Inyuma y’Imituragaro.
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, United States): Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building or Identifying a Safe Room for Tornadoes and Extreme Straight-Line Winds (FEMA P-320 / P-361).
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Storm Recovery Fact Sheet: Chainsaw Safety, Loaded Spring-Poles, Root-Ball Hazards, and Downed Electrical Line Clearances.
  • Ashley, W. S., & Mote, T. L. (Northern Illinois University / University of Georgia, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, United States): Derecho Hazards in the United States: Climatology, Casualty Contexts (Vehicle, Boat, Campground, and Tree-Fall Fatalities), and Public Warning Challenges.

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