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Di-derecho, di-microburst, le go falola ga setsuatsue sa phefo sa mola o o tlhamaletseng thata

Dinomoro tsa tshoganyetso di farologana go ya ka dinaga. Tsebe eno e dirisa 911, e leng nomoro ya United States le Canada. Dinaga tse dingwe tse dintsi di dirisa 112, 999 kgotsa nomoro e nngwe. Batla nomoro ya naga ya gaeno.

Le fa ditsuatsue di gapa tlhokomelo ya setšhaba ka ntlha ya di-funnel tsa tsone tse di bonalang tse di dikologang, ditsuatsue tse di maatla tsa mola o o tlhamaletseng (tse di anameng thata derechos le microbursts tse di tsamayang mo lefelong le le rileng) di ama dikgato tse dikgolo thata tsa thutafatshe mme di baka tshenyo ya popego ya maatla a dikilometara tsa setsuatsue. Derecho e e godileng ya bow-echo e gatela pele go kgabaganya lefatshe ka lobelo lwa tsela e kgolo ya dikilometara di le 80 go ya go di le 115 ka ura (dimaele di le 50 go ya go di le 70 ka ura), e ntsha lebota le le tswelelang la dikilometara di le 120 go ya go di le 210 ka ura (75 go ya go di le 130 wide mph) ka diphefo tse di fitlhang go dikilometara di le 650 tsa motsotso o le mongwe. leitlho mo gare.

Baagi ba le bantsi ba itlhokomolosa Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue se se Masisi ka gonne ba tsaya gore fa fela Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue e ise e ntshiwe, go nna mo phaposing ya borobalo e e kwa godimo, go nna mo teng ga koloi e e emeng ka fa tlase ga ditlhare tsa moriti, kgotsa go nna mo tenteng ya sekgwa go babalesegile. Tota e bile, tshedimosetso ya dikgobalo tsa maemo a bosa e e tswang kwa United States National Weather Service le kwa dipolokelongtshedimosetso tsa ditsuatsue tse di masisi tsa Yuropa e bontsha gore go wa ga ditlhare tse di thata le tsa phaene tse di godileng tse di thubang marulelo a matlhatlaganyane a a kwa godimo, dikoloi tse di emeng le mafelo a go kampa ke tsone tse di bakang dintsho tsa ntlha ka nako ya di- derecho le di- microburst. Fa **Tlhagiso ya Sefefo se se Masisi sa Boemo jo bo Kotsi thata (PDS) kgotsa Tlhagiso ya Phefo e e Feteletseng e utlwala mo founong ya gago, o tshwanetse go e tshwara ka potlako e e tshwanang sentle le ya go sireletsa mo kamoreng e e kwa tlase/phaposi e e ka fa teng jaaka setsuatsue.

Dira se jaanong

  1. Tshwara Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue se se Masisi sa "Tshenyo" kgotsa "PDS" jaaka Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue: Fa Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Maemo a Bosa kgotsa setheo sa gago sa bosetšhaba sa bosa se ntsha Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue se se Masisi e e tshwailweng SENYANG (diphefo tsa 130 km/h / 80 mph kgotsa kwa godimo), e Alre trime megala; fudugela ka bonako kwa phaposing e e kwa tlase kgotsa e e mo boalong jo bo kwa tlase thata.
  2. Tswa mo diphaposing tsa boalo jo bo kwa godimo ka fa tlase ga ditlhare tse dikgolo ka bonako: Mo e ka nnang peditharong ya dintsho tsa derecho tsa bonno di diragala fa ditlhare tsa oak, maple, kgotsa phaene tsa dimitara di le 30 (maoto a le 100) di kumola mo mmung o o tletseng mme di thulana ka marulelo a boalo jwa bobedi le diphaposi tsa borobalo tsa mo godimo ga ntlo; fologela kwa boalong jo bo kwa tlase kgotsa kwa kamoreng e e kwa tlase pele ga leru la shelofo le goroga.
  3. Tlogela ditante, di-RV, ditereilara tsa dikampa, le dikoloi tse di emeng ka fa tlase ga ditlhare gone jaanong: Dikoloi, dikoloi tsa boitlosobodutu, le matlo a a tsamayang di neelana ka kganetso e e bokoa ya popego kgatlhanong le dikutu tsa ditlhare tse di wang mme di pitikologa bonolo mo diphefong tse di kgabaganyang tsa 140 km/h (87 mph); tabogela mo kagong ya konkoreiti e e nonotshitsweng kgotsa ya maje, mo ntlong ya botlhapelo kgotsa mo lefelong la tshireletso le le kafa tlase ga lefatshe pele ga phefo e itaya.
  4. Nna kgakala thata le difensetere le marulelo a a bulegileng: Diphefo tse di tlhamaletseng di fetola fanitšhara ya patio, letlapa la marulelo, le di-trampoline go nna dithunya tse di tsamayang ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo tse di thubang difensetere tse di nang le difensetere tse pedi, fa dijiminasi, mabenkele a magolo a mabenkele, le marulelo a bobolokelo a ka phutlhama kgotsa a ka phutlhama.
  5. Fa o tshwarwa o kgweetsa mo tseleng e kgolo e e bulegileng fa phefo e itaya, tswa mo ditlhareng, mo dikoteng tsa ditirelo, le mo ditseleng tse di fetang: Phaka mo legetleng le le bulegileng le le tsentsweng ditselana kgotsa mo lefelong le le kwa tlase kgakala le ditlhare tse di fa thoko ga tsela le dillori tse di kwa godimo, tlhoma nko ya koloi ya gago mo phefong fa go kgonega, boloka boriki jwa gago jwa go paka bo le kwa tlase, selekanyo sa dash ya fensetere ya koloi.
  6. Morago ga gore phefo e eme, tsaya gore terata nngwe le nngwe e e weleng le tshipi e tsenngwa maatla ka 7,200+ volts: Derechos e tshwara diketekete tsa dikota tsa ditirelo tsa logong ka nako e le nngwe, e tshwara mela ya kabo ya motheo e e tshelang go kgabaganya magora a a nang le diketane, dikala tsa ditlhare tse di metsi, le mesele e e tletseng metsi; le ka motlha o se ke wa tsena mo metsing a a emeng gaufi le thapo e e wetseng fa fatshe kgotsa wa leka go tlosa dikala tsa setsuatsue tse di amang mela.

Ke ka ntlha yang fa go nna mo koloing e e emeng go 'tswa' derecho gantsi go bolaya

Ka nako ya di- derecho le di- microburst tsa tshoganyetso tsa selemo, batho ba ba tsamayang ka dinao, batshameki ba kolofo, baeng ba diphaka le batho ba ba tsamayang ka tsone gantsi ba tabogela kwa dikoloing tsa bone tse di emeng go ya go iphitlha fa loapi lo fetoga bontsho. Ka gonne mafelo a go phaka dikoloi, ditsela tsa dikoloi tsa bonno le ditsela tsa diphaka di na le ditlhare tse di godileng tsa moriti, dikoloi tse di emeng di nna dirai tsa loso fa phefo e e fologang ka lobelo lwa 150 km/h (93 mph) e thuba dikutu tsa ditlhare go kgabaganya marulelo a ntlwana. Kutu e le nngwe ya oak e e bophara jwa disentimetara di le 60 (disentimetara di le 24) e bokete jwa dikilogerama di le 5 000 go ya go di le 10 000 mme e thubaganya marulelo a koloi ya bapalami go nna sephaphathi go ya kwa dikhusheneng tsa setulo ka ponyo ya leitlho. Ka metlha iphitlhele mo teng ga kago e e nonotshitsweng ya tshipi, konkoreite kgotsa ditena mo boalong jo bo kwa tlase thata, le ka motlha o se ke wa nna mo teng ga koloi e e emeng gaufi le ditlhare.

Thuto ya bosa le fisikisi: Derechos kgatlhanong le Dithunya tse dinnye kgatlhanong le Ditsuatsue

Go tlhaloganya kafa dithulaganyo tsa phefo tsa mola o o tlhamaletseng tse di tsamayang di bopegang ka gone go tlhalosa lebaka la go bo mekgwa ya tsone ya tshenyo e lebega e farologana le setsuatsue le gore ke ka ntlha yang fa di itaya ka tlhagiso e nnye jaana.

Tiragalo ya Phefo Mokgwa wa Bosa Motlhala o o Tlwaelegileng le Lobelo lwa Kgatelopele Lobelo lwa Phefo le Mosaeno wa Tshenyo
Derecho (Sefefo se se anameng sa phefo / Modumo wa Bow) Mola o o tshelang lobaka lo loleele, o o itshegetsang wa ditsuatsue tse di maatla (Quasi-Linear Convective System) fa dijete tse di tsididi tse di tsenang kwa morago di thumelang kwa godimo ka fa morago ga echo ya bora e e kobegileng, di kgoromeletsa lebota le legolo la phefo kwa pele. Swath bonnye 100 km (dimaele di le 60) ka bophara le 650 km (dimaele di le 400) ka boleele; e tabogela kwa pele ka 80 go ya go 120 km/h (50 go ya go 75 mph). Diphefo tse di tswelelang tsa 93 go ya go 225 km/h (58 go ya go 140 mph) tse di tsayang metsotso e le 15 go ya go e le 45; e foka dikgwa tsotlhe le dikiriti tsa maatla ka tsela e le nngwe e e tshwanang ya go ya kwa pele (gantsi e tsenya ditsuatsue tse dikhutshwane tsa QLCS tse di dikologang go bapa le ntlha e e kwa pele).
Microburst e e metsi kgotsa e e omileng ("Go thunya" ga selegae) Kholomo e e tseneletseng ya mowa o o tsidifaditsweng ke pula, o o tletseng sefako e fologela ka tsepamo go tswa mo gare ga setsuatsue jaaka metsi a a latlhetsweng mo kgamelong e e retolotsweng, e itaya fa fatshe mme e thunya kwa ntle ka go rapama mo matlhakoreng otlhe. Lefelo la go itaya le le tseneletseng 1 go ya go 4 km (0.6 go ya go 2.5 miles) go kgabaganya; e bopa mme e thula fa fatshe mo nakong e e ka fa tlase ga metsotso e le 5 go ya go e le 10. Diphefo tse di tswang di fitlha go 240 km/h (150 mph) (e e lekanang le setsuatsue sa EF-3); e tlogela phethene ya go thunya ga dinaledi / tshenyo e e fapogang e e phatsimang ka tlhamalalo kwa ntle go tswa kwa ntlheng ya thulano ya fa fatshe e e fa gare.
Setsuatsue (Sele e kgolo e e dikologang kgotsa sediko sa mola wa setsuatsue) Kholomo ya mowa e e dikologang ka maatla e e tswang kwa motheong wa maru a cumulonimbus go ya kwa fatshe, e e kgweediwang ke go kgaoga ga phefo e e kwa godimo ya mesocyclone e e tseneletseng le go dikologa ga baroclinic. Tsela e tshesane ka tlwaelo dimitara di le 50 go ya go 2.5 km (maoto a le 160 go ya go dimaele di le 1.5) ka bophara; lebelo la go ya kwa pele 30 go ya go 95 km/h (20 go ya go 60 mph). Diphefo go tswa go 105 go ya go 480+ km/h (65 go ya go 300+ mph); e ntsha paterone ya matlakala a a kopaneng, a a sothegileng, a setsuatsue fa ditlhare le mabota di latlhelwang ka ditsela tse di kgabaganyang.
Haboob / Sefefo sa Lerole se se Tswang (Sefefo sa maru se se omileng se se fologang) Diphefo tse di fologang tsa setsuatsue di ne di itaya sekake se se omileng kgotsa mmu wa temothuo, di tsholetsa lebota le le kitlaneng la dimitara di le 1 500 (maoto a le 5 000) la seretse se se foufatsang le motlhaba kwa pele ga sefefo se segolo. Kwa pele 15 go ya go 150 km (10 go ya go 95 dimaele) ka bophara; e fokotsa ponalo go tswa go 16 km go ya kwa tlase go ya go dimitara tsa lefela mo metsotswaneng e e ka fa tlase ga 30. Diphefo tse di maatla tsa 80 go ya go 130 km/h (50 go ya go 80 mph) di kopantswe le go kgobokana ga dikoloi tse dintsi tse di sa bonaleng sentle ka bonako.

Matshwao a tlhagiso a a bonwang mo loaping: Go Lemoga Leru la Shelofo

Ka gonne derecho e taboga go kgabaganya lefelo ka lobelo lwa dikilometara di le 100 ka ura, e leng lobelo lo lo menaganeng gabedi go feta setsuatsue se se tlwaelegileng sa selemo, gantsi e goroga kwa lefelong la gago fa letsatsi le sa ntse le phatsima le pele ga lerothodi le le lengwe la pula le na.

  1. Leru la Wedge / Shelf le le Boitshegang (Leru la Arcus): Leba kwa bophirima kgotsa kwa lefaufaung le le atamelang. Mola wa derecho kgotsa wa setsuatsue se segolo o etelwa pele ke wedge e kgolo, e e lepeletseng kwa tlase, e e rapaletseng ya leru le lentsho le le botala jwa loapi kgotsa le letala le lentsho le le lebegang jaaka tlhogo ya sekepe se segolo kgotsa lekhubu le le bidikamang le le gogang go kgabaganya ditlhoa tsa ditlhare.
  2. Tlhakatlhakano ya Molomo wa Leruarua: Ka tlhamalalo ka fa tlase ga molomo o o eteletseng pele wa leru la shelofo, maru a lebega a phatlogile, a bedile, e bile a tlhafuntswe (a a itsiweng ka bosa jaaka "molomo wa leruarua").
  3. Molao wa Metsotso e le 2: Ka nako ya fa ntlha e e kwa pele ya leru le le kwa tlase la shelofo e feta ka tlhamalalo mo godimo ga tlhogo, phefo e e maatla e itaya fa fatshe mo lobakeng lwa metsotswana e le 60 go ya go e le 120. Diphefo di ka tlola go tswa mo tidimalong e e suleng ya 0 km/h go ya go 140 km/h (87 mph) mo metsotswaneng e e kwa tlase ga e le 15, di patilwe ke go wela tlase ka tshoganyetso ga didikirii tsa Celsius di le 10 go ya go di le 15 (didikirii di le 18 go ya go di le 27 tsa Fahrenheit) mo themphereitšheng ya mowa le go foufatsa. Fa o bona leru la shelofo le atamela go kgabaganya letsha, lebala la kolofo kgotsa tsela e kgolo, o na le metsotso e e kwa tlase ga e le 3 go ya go e le 5 go fitlha kwa lefelong la tshireletso le le nonotshitsweng la ka fa teng.
flowchart TD
    Alert["Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue se se Maswe se se Senyang (130+ km/h / 80+ mph) KGOTSA Leru le le kwa Tlase le le Atamelang"] --> Where{"O Kae Gone Jaanong?"}
    Where -->|"Mo teng ga Ntlo kgotsa Folete"| TreeCheck["1. Tswa ka bonako mo Diphaposing tsa Boalo jo bo Kwa Godimo le Diphaposi tse di Ka Tlase ga Ditlhare Tse Dikgolo"]
    TreeCheck --> SafeRoom["2. Sutela kwa Phaposing e e kwa Tlase KGOTSA Phasejeng ya Ka fa Teng ya Boalo jo bo kwa Tlase, Phaposi ya Botlhapelo, kgotsa Tlolosete Kgakala le Difensetere"]
    SafeRoom --> Protect["3. Apara Ditlhako Tse di Thata, Boloka Lebone + Founo di Tšhajilwe, mme o Khurumetse Tlhogo ka Mesamo/Helemete fa Borulelo bo Tlhaga"]
    Where -->|"Go kampa, go tsamaya mo dithabeng, kgotsa mo RV/Legaeng le le tsamayang"| Abandon["1. Tlosa Tente, Camper, kgotsa Mobile Home ka bonako Pele ga Gust Front e Goroga"]
    Abandon --> HardBldg{"A Kago ya Sekontiri/Ditena (Ntlwana ya Boithomelo/Lebenkele) e ka Fitlhelelwa?"}
    HardBldg -->|"Ee"| GoBldg["Tsena mo Phaposing e e kwa Tlase ya Kago ya Masonry"]
    HardBldg -->|"Nnyaa (Naga e e Kwa Morago ga Sekaka se se Boteng)"| OpenLow["Suta Mo Ditlhareng Tse Ditelele Tsa Sekgwa O Tsene Mo Lefelong le le Kwa Tlase, Mo Mogopong, Kgotsa Mo Moseleng o o Senang Boteng; Khubama kwa Tlase mo Sethibelong se se Sireletsang Mogote"]
    Where -->|"Mo Metsing (Mokoro, Kayak, Boemakepe)"| BeachBoat["1. Apara Baki ya Botshelo (PFD) ka Gagamala"]
    BeachBoat --> HeadShore["2. Motšhini/Paddle ka Lobelo lo lo Tletseng go ya kwa Lotshitshing lo lo Gaufi lwa Leeward le go Tlogela Mokoro go bona Tshireletso e e Tiileng ya Lefatshe"]

Boemo 1: Go iphitlha mo teng ga ntlo, folete, kgotsa lefelo la tiro

Fa Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue se se Maswe e tshotse theke ya matshosetsi a tshenyo ya TSENYO (e e tlhotlhelediwang kwa United States fa radara kgotsa di-spotter di lemoga diphefo tsa bonnye 130 km/h / 80 mph kgotsa sefako sa disentimetara di le 7 / diintšhe di le 2.75) kgotsa fa **Tlhagiso ya Phefo e e Feteletseng ya k+8h/5 115+ mph) e a ntshiwa:

1. Dirisa molawana wa go fuduga o o tsepameng wa "Kgatlhanong le go Wa ga Setlhare"

Mo setsuatsueng, matshosetsi a magolo ke gore ntlo yotlhe e gogolwe mo motheong wa yone ke di- suction vortices. Mo derecho kgotsa microburst, bontsi jwa matlo a a agilweng ka logong le a ditena a sala a eme mo metheong ya one, mme ditlhare tse dikgolo tse di thulanang mo sebopegong sa marulelo di thubaganya boalo jo bo kwa godimo go ya kwa tlase mo ditlhomesong tsa siling tsa matlhatlaganyane a bobedi.

  • Tlogela boalo jo bo kwa godimo ka bonako: Le fa o nna mo ntlong e e tiileng ya ditena ya matlhatlaganyane a mabedi, tlogela diphaposi tsotlhe tsa borobalo tsa boalo jwa bobedi le jwa boraro ka nako e Tlhagiso ya Setsuatsue se se Masisi se se Senyang e utlwalang ka yone.
  • Leba kwa ntle mme o supe gore ke letlhakore lefe la ntlo le le lebaganeng le ditlhare tse dikgolo: Fa setlhare sa oak sa dimitara di le 25 (maoto a le 80) se eme ka fa letlhakoreng la bophirima jwa ntlo ya gago mme derecho e atamela go tswa kwa bophirima, fudugela kwa kamoreng e e kwa tlase kgotsa kwa phaposing e e mo boalong jo bo kwa tlase mo **letlhakoreng le le lebaganeng le sebopego se segolo (botlhaba) mme dikgang tse pedi tsa go foreima di nna fa gare ga gago le kutu e e wang.
  • Fa o nna mo kagong ya difolete: Tswa mo diphaposing tse di mo tikologong tse di nang le di-slider tse dikgolo tsa mathule a galase o tsene mo phashiting e e fa gare e e ka fa teng, mo phaposibotlhapelong e e mo teng, kgotsa mo ditepising tsa molelo tsa konkoreite mo bodilong jo bo kwa tlase jo bo ka fitlhelelwang.

2. Goreng o sa tshwanela go thuba difensetere tse di bulegileng "go lekalekanya kgatelelo".

Tlhamane nngwe e e siilweng ke nako ya dingwaga tsa bo 1950 e ne e bolela gore go bula difensetere mo letlhakoreng le le lebileng phefo la ntlo go dira gore marulelo a se ka a foka fa go na le setsuatsue. Boenjenere jwa dithanele tsa phefo bo supa se se fapaaneng le seo:

  • Fa o bula fensetere (kgotsa fa matlakala a a fofang a thubaganya fensetere e e lebileng kwa phefong kgotsa a dira gore lebati le le bokoa la karatšhe le bofelele mo teng), phefo ya 150 km/h (93 mph) e thunya mo ntlong mme e gatelela diphaposi tse di ka fa teng jaaka balunu e e budulelang.
  • Kgatelelo eo ya ka fa gare e e yang kwa godimo e kgoromeletsa kwa godimo kgatlhanong le letlhakore le le kwa tlase la di-joist tsa siling fa phefo e e tabogang mo godimo ga kafa ntle ga marulelo e dira gore go nne le go tsholetsa ga mowa (go goga ga Bernoulli), go menaganya maatla a go tsholetsa mo ditlhomesong tsa marulelo gabedi le go gagola marulelo go tswa mo maboteng.
  • Kgato: Boloka difensetere tsotlhe, mabati a a kwa ntle, le bogolo jang lebati la gago le legolo la karatšhe di tswetswe le go tswalelwa pele ga setsuatsue se goroga.

Boemo 2: Go tshwarwa kwa ntle mo lebaleng la go kampa, mo sekgweng, kgotsa mo phakeng

Di- derecho le di- microburst di bolaya ka tsela e e sa tlwaelegang batho ba ba nnang mo dikampeng, matshutitshuti a batho ba ba tlang kwa meletlong ya mmino le batho ba ba tsamayang ka dinao ka gonne mafelo a go kampa le ditselana mo e ka nnang ka metlha di nna ka fa tlase ga dikhurumelo tse di godileng tsa sekgwa. Mo phefong ya mola o o tlhamaletseng wa 140 km/h (87 mph), makgolokgolo a di-conifer tse di nang le medi e e seng boteng le ditlhare tse di thata tse di bokete tse di kwa godimo di kumola ka nako e le nngwe (tiragalo e baenjenere ba dikgwa ba e bitsang go latlhela phefo kgotsa go foka ka lebelo), fa ditokololo tse di kwa godimo tse di suleng (di-rawidowmakers tse di kwa tlase) di tlhotlhorega ka nako e le nngwe.

  1. O se ka wa nna mo teng ga tante ya nylon, pop-up camper, kgotsa tereilara ya mosepele ka fa tlase ga ditlhare: Tente ga e neele tshireletso ya lefela kgatlhanong le leloko la setlhare le le wang la dikilogerama di le 2,000, mme ditereilara tsa mosepele di pitikologela mo matlhakoreng a tsone fa diphefo tse di bophara di feta 100 go ya go 115 km/h (6).
  2. Supa ntlo ya botlhapelo ya lefelo la go kampa pele ga lefifi: Nako le nako fa o tlhoma kampa kwa phakeng ya puso kgotsa ya bosetšhaba, batla kago ya ntlwana ya boithomelo/shawara ya diboloko tsa konkoreiti e e nonotshitsweng kgotsa lefelo la baeng. Motsotsong oo radio ya hao ya boemo ba lehodimo kapa smartphone e lemosang ka mola o matla wa sefefo, tsosa bohle, rwala dieta le dipone tsa hlooho, mme o tsamaele ho ya ntlong ya ho hlapela ya konkreiti pele moya le legadima di qala.
  3. Se o ka se dirang fa o tshwaregile mo sekakeng se se tseneletseng dimaele go tswa kwa kagong epe fela: Fa go ka thunya ka tshoganyetso microburst kgotsa backcountry derecho fa o ntse o rwala dibeke kgakala le dikago kgotsa ditsela:
    • Tswa mo dikoteng tse ditelele ka bonako: Tswa ka bonako mo ditlhareng tse di kitlaneng, tse di godileng tsa ditlhare tse ditelele o tsene mo sekgweng se segolo se se leng teng lefelo le le bulegileng, lefelo le le bulegileng la talus le le nang le matlapa, lefelo le le kwa tlase la borashe jwa go tlhatswa, kgotsa mogogoro o o bulegileng o o omileng koo sekgala sa gago go tswa mo setlhareng se seleele se se gaufi e leng bonnye **eight that of ti.
    • Tila ditlhare tse di kgaoganeng tse di le nosi le mela e e kwa godimo ya ditlhoa: Ka gonne mela e e bogale ya setsuatsue e ntsha legadima le le maatla la maru go ya kwa fatshe go bapa le diphefo tse di senyang, le ka motlha o se ka wa ema gaufi le setlhare se le sengwe se se nosi mo lefelong le le senang sepe.
    • Amogela go khubama go go kwa tlase ga legadima/phefo: Latlhela mokotla wa gago (baya sethibela-robalo sa foam ka fa tlase ga dinao tsa gago fa o na le sone), khubama kwa tlase mo kgatelelong ya tlholego kgotsa mo moseleng (morago ga go netefatsa gore ga se kanale e e dirang ya molapo wa morwalela wa phatsima) gore dikala tse di fofang di fete mo godimo ga tlhogo ya gago ya mokwatla, mme o khurumetse trek ya gago pakete ya kgapetla e e thata.

Boemo 3: Go tshwarwa o kgweetsa mo tseleng e kgolo kgotsa go tshwarwa mo mokorong

Go falola mo tseleng e kgolo ka nako ya phefo e e tshosang ya 150 km/h kgotsa go thunya ga phefo e nnye

  1. O se ka wa ema ka fa tlase ga tsela e e fetang mo tseleng e kgolo go bapa le dikhuti tse di kwa godimo: Go palama dithapo tsa leswe tse di tshekeletsa ka fa tlase ga borogo jwa tsela e kgolo go dira gore mmele wa gago o nne le phelelo ya Venturi ya thanele ya phefo e e potlakisang lebelo la phefo le go foufatsa tshipi, galase, le letlapa ka tlhamalalo mela ya tsela e kgolo ya dikoloi tsa tshoganyetso mme di baka dithulano tse di bolayang tsa diketane tsa kwa morago mo puleng e e sa bonaleng sentle.
  2. Goga gotlhelele mo ditseleng tsa mosepele go tsena mo lefelong le le senang ditlhare: Tswa mo tseleng e kgolo go ya kwa kagong e e tiileng ya kgwebo (lebenkele la seteišene sa peterolo, kago ya masonry ya lefelo la boikhutso) fa nako e letla. Fa phefo e e maatla e ka itaya pele ga go tswa, goga kgakala le tselana ya maoto ka fa go ka kgonegang ka teng mo legetleng le le sephaphathi kgotsa mo lefelong le le bulegileng se se nang le ditlhare tse di fa thoko ga tsela, dikota tsa motlakase tsa logong, di-gantry tsa matshwao a tsela e kgolo tse di kwa godimo, le ditereilara tsa seka-terekere (ditereilara tsa lebokoso tsa dimitara di le 16 / maoto a le 53 tse di fetang ka tlwaelo mo km/h / 68+ mph diphefo tse di kgabaganyang).
  3. Boloka lebanta la gago la tshireletso le bofilwe mme o le kwa tlase ga mola wa galase: Tlogela dipone tsa gago tsa kotsi di tshubilwe, tsenya boriki jwa go paka, boloka lebanta la gago la tshireletso le bofilwe (fa go ka direga gore phefo e e bosula e pitikolole koloi), inama ka fa tlase ga selekanyo sa difensetere gore galase ya pabalesego e e thubegang e se ka ya itaya tlhogo ya gago.

Go tsamaya ka mokoro le go tshela mo metsing a a bulegileng fa go tlhagelela leru la shelofo

Mekoro e mennye e e nang le motlakase, di-pontoon, dikepe tse di tsamayang ka sefofane, di-kayak le di-paddleboard tse di mo makadibeng a magolo, mo matangwaneng, kgotsa mo dikoung tse di fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle di lebana le go menoga ka bonako fa mola wa setsuatsue sa bow-echo o itaya ka gonne lobelo lwa phefo mo metsing a a bulegileng a a senang kgotlhego lo kwa godimo ka diperesente di le 20 go ya go di le 30 go feta mo godimo ga lefatshe. (6.5-foot) e e thubang makhubu mo metsotsong e e kwa tlase ga e le 3.

  • O se ka wa leka go "ntsha ditlhapi" mo lerung le le atamelang la shelofo: Fa o bona leru le lentsho la wedge mo lefaufaung la bophirima kgotsa o utlwa maru a maru, tlhoma mela ka bonako mme o tlhamalele kwa boemelakepeng jo bo gaufi, kwa rampong ya mokoro, kgotsa kwa lebopong le le kwa phefong ka lobelo lo lo feletseng lo lo babalesegileng.
  • Apara le go bofa baki nngwe le nngwe ya pholoso (PFD) pele ga phefo e itaya: Fa phefo ya 120 km/h (75 mph) le seporei se se rapaletseng se se foufatsang di itaya mokoro o o tlhomang, go apara baki ya pholoso mo metsing go batla go sa kgonege. Mogolo mongwe le mongwe le ngwana o tshwanetse go nna le baki ya pholoso e e bofilweng e e amogetsweng ke USCG/ISO fa a sa ntse a le mo metsing a a ritibetseng.
  • Beach the boat fa o sa kgone go fitlha kwa marina: O se ka wa tsenya botshelo jwa gago mo kotsing fa o leka go kgabaganya dikilometara di le 5 tsa letsha le le bulegileng go boela kwa tereileng ya mokoro wa gago fa pele ga phefo e le metsotso e le 2 go tswa foo. Tabosa mokoro o ye kwa lotshitshing lo lo gaufi lwa motlhaba kgotsa lo lo nang le seretse, bofa mola wa bora mo moding o o kwa tlase, tlogela mokoro, mme o tsene mo nageng kgakala le ditlhare tse ditelele tse di mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle.
  • Fa o tshwarwa mo metsing a a bulegileng o sa kgone go fitlha kwa lotshitshing: Latlhela diseile tsotlhe ka bonako; stow kere e e sa gagamalang kwa tlase mo bilge; latlhela tshetledi go tswa mo boreng (le ka motlha o se kwa morago) ka sekoupu se seleele sa mola wa 7:1 go ya go 10:1, kgotsa o boloke enjene e tsamaya ka bonako jo bo lekaneng fela go tshwara bora jo bo supilweng ka 45-degree angle mo makhubung a a tlang fa mongwe le mongwe a ntse a le sephaphathi mo godimo ga lefelo la fa fatshe mo gare ga hull. Leba kaelo ya rona mo dikotsi tsa mokoro go falola go menoga.

Go falola morago ga setsuatsue: dikotsi tse 3 tse di bolayang morago ga go feta ga derecho

Go ya ka hisitori, peresente e kgolo ya dikgobalo tse di masisi le dintsho tse di bakiwang ke diphefo tse dikgolo (tse di jaaka Derecho ya Amerika Bokone ya Seetebosigo 2012, Derecho ya Bophirimagare ya Phatwe 2020, le Derecho ya Canada ya Ontario-Quebec ya Motsheganong 2022) di diragala mo diureng di le 72 tsa morago ga setsuatsue se segolo

flowchart TD
    Aftermath["Diphefo tsa Derecho kgotsa tsa Microburst di a kokobela"] --> WireCheck["1. KOTSI YA MOTLAKASE: Tshwara Thapo Nngwe le Nngwe e e Weleng, Thapo e e Lepeletseng, le Terata ya Tshipi jaaka e e Tshelang (7,200+ Volts)"]
    WireCheck --> TreeDamage{"A Setlhare se Wetse mo Ntlong ya Gago Kgotsa mo Koloing?"}
    TreeDamage -->|"Setlhare mo Ntlong"| HouseEvac["Fuduga ka fa Tlase ga Lefelo la Khuetso; Tlhola Monkgo wa Gase e e Hissing; Leba Porothokholo ya Setlhare mo Ntlong"]
    TreeDamage -->|"Mogala wa Motlakase o o Wetseng mo Kolong"| StayInCar["Nna Mo Teng ga Koloi; Leletsa 911/112/999; Tlola Fela ka Maoto Mmogo fa Koloi e Tshwara Molelo"]
    TreeDamage -->|"Kgaogo ya Motlakase go Ralala Kgaolo"| GenSafety["2. KOTSI YA KHABONE MONOXIDE: Dirisa Dijenereitara tse di Tshwarwang Dimitara di le 6+ (Maoto a le 20+) Kwa Ntle Kgakala le Difensetere"]
    GenSafety --> Chainsaw["3. KOTSI YA SPRING-POLE: Le ka Motlha O Se Ka wa Sega Dikutu tsa Ditlhare tse di Obegileng tsa 'Spring-Pole' ka fa Tlase ga Kgagamalo Kwantle ga Katiso ya Porofešenale"]

1. Megala e e dirilweng ka maatla e e fitlhegileng mo dikaleng tse di tlhakaneng tlhogo le mo magora

Ka gonne derecho e tshwara dikota tsa ditirelo di le diketekete mo dikgaolong tse dintsi ka nako e le nngwe, di-recloser tsa sekete sa seteišene se se itirisang gantsi di palelwa ke go kgopiwa (kgotsa di leka gangwe le gape go naya mola maatla gape) fa thapo ya motlakase o o kwa godimo e wela mo tselaneng e e omileng, mo dikaleng tsa ditlhare tsa logong, kgotsa mo terateng.

  • Mogala o o tshelang ga o tlhoke go phatsima kgotsa go duma: Mela ya kabo ya motheo ya motlakase o o kwa godimo (4,160 go ya go 34,500 volts) e ka robala e didimetse gotlhelele e bile e sa tshikinyege mo bojannyeng jo bo metsi kgotsa e apesitswe go kgabaganya leloko la setlhare fa e ntse e tshotse motlakase o o bolayang ka bonako.
  • Ela tlhoko magora a a nang le maatla a a nang le diketane le dithibelo tsa tshipi: Thapo e e wetsweng fa fatshe e e amang terata ya tshipi kgotsa dithibelo diboloko di le tharo go ya kwa tlase mo mmileng e naya boleele jotlhe jo bo tswelelang jwa terata eo maatla. Le ka motlha o se ke wa ama terata ya tshipi, letlhakore la aluminiamo, kgotsa kala ya setlhare e e metsi e e amang megala ya ditirelo morago ga setsuatsue.
  • Fa mogala wa motlakase o ka wela mo koloing ya gago: Nna mo teng ga koloi mme o lete badiri ba motlakase go ntsha motlakase le go tlhoma mogala mo mmung. Tswa fela fa koloi e tshwara molelo ka go tlola sentle ka maoto ka bobedi mmogo gore o se ka wa ama koloi le fa fatshe ka nako e le nngwe, morago ga moo o tlhakatlhakanye kgotsa o tlole ka maoto ka bobedi mmogo bonnye dimitara di le 15 (maoto a le 50) go tswa foo. Buisa kaelo ya rona ka botlalo mo go megala ya motlakase e e weleng mo sejanageng.

2. Botlhole jwa khabonemonokosaete jo bo tswang mo dijenereitareng tse di rwalwang ka diatla ka nako ya fa motlakase o kgaoga malatsi a le mantsi

Ka gonne di-derecho di senya ditora tsa phetiso ya motlakase o o kwa godimo mmogo le dikota tsa kabo tsa mo tikologong, go kgaoga ga motlakase ka tlwaelo go tsaya malatsi a le 3 go ya go a le 10 ka nako ya makhubu a mogote a a hupetsang a selemo.

  • Le ka motlha o se dirise jenereitara e e rwalegang ya peterolo kgotsa propane mo teng ga karatšhe, kamore e e kwa tlase, foranteng, tsela ya phefo, kgotsa gaufi le fensetere e e bulegileng: Go bula lebati la karatšhe ga go thibele khabonemonokosaete e e bolayang (CO) go kgobokana. Beya dijenereitara tse di rwalwang kwa ntle mo moweng o o bulegileng bonnye dimitara di le 6 (maoto a le 20) kgakala le mabati otlhe, difensetere, le diphatlha tsa go ntsha mowa, ka peipi ya go ntsha mosi e supile kgakala le ntlo le matlo a a mabapi.

3. Dirai tsa "Spring-pole" le tsa kutu e e bidikamang ka nako ya go phepafatsa saga ya diketane

Morago ga derecho, beng ba matlo ba ba itlhaganelela mo jarateng ka disaga tsa diketane ba utlwa dikgobalo tse di masisi tsa go thubega mo sefatlhegong, mo sehubeng le mo maotong ka ntlha ya dikota tsa diporeng tse di rweleng le go thubega ga bolo ya medi:

  • Loaded Spring-Poles: Fa setlhare se se bokete se wela mo setlhareng se sennye kgotsa mo kaleng mme se se koba jaaka bora jo bogolo jwa go hula ka bora, letsogo leo le le obegileng le boloka diketekete tsa di-Newton tsa maatla a a ka kgonegang a metšhini. Ka bonako fela fa legare la chainsaw le sega halofo ya logong lo lo gagametseng mo sebopegong se se kwa godimo sa lekala leo le le obegileng, ditlhale tsa logong di thunya ka maatla go ya kwa godimo ka lobelo lo lo fetang 80 km/h (50 mph), di kgweetsa lekala kgotsa bara ya chainsaw ka tlhamalalo mo sefatlhegong le mo sehubeng sa modirisi.
  • Uprooted Root-Ball Snapback: Fa setlhare se segolo se tlhotlhorega, lebota la sone le le emeng la leswe le medi le le bogodimo jwa dimitara di le 3 le batla go wela gape kwa tlase mo lehuting la crater ka nako e o boneng kutu e e bokete e gololesegile mo kutung. Le ka motlha o se letle bana go tshameka mo kgotsa gaufi le mogogoro wa leswe ka fa morago ga bolo ya modi wa setlhare e e kumotsweng, mme le ka motlha o se ke wa ema ka fa morago kgotsa ka fa tlase ga bolo ya modi fa o ntse o sega kutu e kgolo. Leba kaelo ya rona mo setlhare mo ntlong bakeng sa dikgato tsa go tlhomama ga sebopego.

Lenaanenetefatso la derecho pele ga setsuatsue le go ipaakanyetsa go thunya ga dinnye

Baakanyetsa legae la gago le ba lelapa pele ga paka ya ditsuatsue tse di kwa godimo:

  • E kgontshitswe Ditsiboso tsa Tshoganyetso tse di senang Mogala (WEA) mo di-smartphone tsotlhe tsa lelapa mme ya baya Radio ya Maemo a Bosa ya NOAA e e tshegediwang ke beteri (e e nang le khoutu ya tsiboso ya kgaolo e e TSHWANANG) mo tafoleng ya gago ya bosigo gore di-derecho tsa bosigo di go tsose ka bonako.
  • Supa phaposi ya ka fa gare ya boalo jo bo kwa tlase e e babalesegileng go gaisa ya ntlo ya gago e e leng kafa letlhakoreng le lengwe la ntlo go tswa mo jarateng epe e e telele kgotsa mo ditlhareng tsa mo mebileng.
  • Fa Moitseanape wa Ditlhare yo o Nang le Setifikeiti sa ISA a ne a ka tlhatlhoba ditlhare tse dikgolo tse di leng sekgala se se gakgamatsang go tswa mo diphaposing tsa gago tsa borobalo go bona gore a di na le dikhuti, diphatlha tsa V-crotch tse di laolang mmogo, kgotsa go tlhotlhorega ga medi.
  • Tshegetsa lebati la gago le le bulegileng la karatšhe ya bonno kgotsa boloka dikoloi di eme mo teng gore phefo e se ka ya foka lebati la karatšhe mo teng le go tsholetsa marulelo a ntlo.
  • Ditlhako tse di tiileng tse di tswetsweng, hutshe e e thata kgotsa helemete ya baesekele, lebone la tiro le banka ya motlakase e e rwalegang mo teng ga lebokoso la gago la tshireletso le le mo boalong jo bo kwa tlase.
  • Dialamo tsa Carbon Monoxide (CO) tse di dirisiwang ka dibeteri tse di lekilweng mo maemong otlhe a legae la gago pele ga o dirisa jenereitara epe ya bekapo ya morago ga setsuatsue.

Dipotso tse di bodiwang kgapetsakgapetsa

What is the difference between a derecho and a regular severe thunderstorm?

While an ordinary severe thunderstorm typically lasts 20 to 30 minutes and causes scattered wind gusts of 93 km/h (58 mph) across a single town, a derecho is a massive, fast-moving, self-sustaining complex of storms (often shaped like an archer's bow on radar) that cuts a continuous damage swath at least 100 kilometers (60 miles) wide and 650 kilometers (400 miles) long. Derechos race forward at 80 to 120 km/h (50 to 75 mph) and pack sustained hurricane-force straight-line winds of 120 to 210+ km/h (75 to 130+ mph) that can topple millions of trees and knock out regional power grids across multiple states or provinces in a single day.

Why did my phone just buzz like an AMBER Alert or Tornado Warning for a Severe Thunderstorm Warning?

In the United States and participating alert systems internationally, the National Weather Service uses a three-tier impact threat system for Severe Thunderstorm Warnings. While standard warnings do not trigger emergency cell broadcasts, when radar or storm spotters detect imminent life-threatening straight-line winds of at least 130 km/h (80 mph), equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane or EF-1 tornado, or baseball-sized hail (7 cm / 2.75 inches), forecasters add a "DESTRUCTIVE" damage tag that automatically fires a Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) siren on every smartphone in the polygon. Treat a Destructive Severe Thunderstorm Warning with the exact same basement/interior-room sheltering action as a Tornado Warning.

How can I tell from the damage after a storm whether we were hit by a tornado or a microburst/derecho?

Look at the directional pattern of fallen trees, flattened crops, and structural debris. Because a tornado is a tightly rotating vortex of rising air, its winds pull trees and building materials inward and twist them in converging, criss-crossing circular directions, often leaving houses one street over completely untouched. In contrast, a derecho or microburst produces powerful straight-line outflow winds that blow trees and debris down in one uniform forward direction or in a starburst fan pattern radiating straight outward from a central downdraft strike point across a wide area.

Why is my upstairs bedroom dangerous during a derecho if my house is built out of solid brick?

Even in a well-built brick or masonry house that easily withstands 150 km/h wind pressure on its walls, the roof framing and rafters cannot stop the kinetic energy of a falling 30-meter (100-foot) hardwood tree weighing 10 tons. Statistics show that most fatalities inside homes during derechos occur when saturated soil gives way and massive yard or street trees crash directly through the roof into second-story bedrooms. Always come downstairs to the basement or a ground-floor interior hallway before a severe squall line hits.

If I am camping in a tent or RV when a derecho hits, is it safer to get into my car?

Only if you can drive or park that car in a completely open clearing far away from all trees and utility poles. In forested state and national park campgrounds, moving from a tent into a car parked underneath tall pine or oak trees is extremely dangerous because falling tree trunks crush vehicle roofs flat and trap occupants inside. Your safest move in a campground is to walk early to the reinforced concrete-block restroom/shower building; if no masonry building exists, move to an open meadow or clearing well beyond the height of the surrounding trees.

Why is cutting up fallen trees with a chainsaw after a derecho so much more dangerous than normal firewood cutting?

Wind-toppled trees create two hidden mechanical traps that rarely exist when cutting normal flat logs on the ground: "spring-poles" (smaller trees or thick limbs bent tightly under the weight of a larger fallen trunk like a cocked mousetrap) and unstable "root balls" on uprooted trees. When an untrained homeowner cuts into a bent spring-pole limb, the wood snaps upward with explosive force that can break the operator's jaw or throw the running chainsaw back into their neck, while cutting a trunk free from an uprooted stump can allow the multi-ton dirt root ball to slam back into its crater hole onto anyone standing nearby.

Metswedi e tlhotlhomisitswe

  • Tirelo ya Bosetšhaba ya Maemo a Bosa / Setheo sa go Bonela Pele Ditsuatsue (NWS / SPC, United States): Ka ga Derechos: Tlhaloso ya Maemo a Bosa, Bomekheniki jwa Bow Echo, Melao ya Pabalesego ya Phefo e e Kwa Godimo, le Tlhagiso e e Theilweng mo Dithulanong ("E e Senyang" 80+ mph WEA) Ditlhokego.
  • Tikologo le Phetogo ya Tlelaemete Canada (ECCC, Canada): Dikaelo tsa go Ipaakanyetsa Setsuatsue se se Masisi, Derecho, le Go Thunya ga Lefatshe le Pabalesego ya Morago ga Setsuatsue.
  • Setheo sa Bosetšhaba sa Taolo ya Maemo a Tshoganyetso (FEMA, United States): Go Sireletsa Setsuatsue: Go Aga kgotsa go Supa Phaposi e e Babalesegileng ya Ditsuatsue le Diphefo tse di Feteletseng tsa Mola o o Tlhamaletseng (FEMA P-320 / P-361).
  • Tsamaiso ya Pabalesego le Boitekanelo mo Tirong (OSHA, United States): Letlhare la Dintlha tsa go Boela mo Sefefong: Pabalesego ya Chainsaw, Dipole tsa Diporeng tse di Laisitsweng, Dikotsi tsa Bolo ya Medi, le Diphatlha tsa Mela ya Motlakase e e Weleng.
  • Ashley, W. S., & Mote, T. L. (Yunibesithi ya Illinois Bokone / Yunibesithi ya Georgia, Lekwalodikgang la Mokgatlho wa Maemo a Bosa wa Amerika, United States): Dikotsi tsa Derecho kwa United States: Tlelaemete, Dikgobalo (Dikoloi, Mokoro, Lebala la Dikampa, le Dikgobalo tsa Ntwa tsa Setšhaba le Ditlhare tse di Bolayang.

Dikaedi tse di tsamaelanang