Umutego wo gutembera n'ugutembera mu nzira y'amaguru vyihutirwa¶

Ivyuma bigendagenda n’ibigendagenda (autowalks) ni ibikoresho bikomeye vy’inganda bikoreshwa imbere mu masoko, mu bibanza vy’indege, mu bibuga vy’indege no mu bibuga vy’imikino. Iryo ngazi rigendagenda rikoreshwa n’amamoteri y’umuyagankuba afise ubushobozi buva ku kilowati 7,5 gushika ku 30 (inguvu z’amafarasi 10 gushika ku 40) afatanijwe n’ibikoresho bigabanya ubushobozi bw’inzoka, rikoreshwa mu gukurura amatoni amajana n’amajana y’uburemere bw’abantu icarimwe ataco rigabanya. Kubera ko moteri y’umuduga igenewe kuguma igenda n’umuvuduko udahinduka ataco ifatiye ku muzigo w’abagenzi, iyo mashini ntishobora "kwiyumva" ukuntu ikirenge c’umwana gishobora guhangana n’ikirenge c’umwana, igipfukisho c’umupira woroshe, umugozi w’inkweto ukurikira, canke impuzu ndende iriko irakwegwa mu mfuruka.

Iyo inkweto, urutoke canke impuzu bifashe imbere mu gice c’inyuma c’ijipo canke munsi y’igisokozo co gusohokamwo, igikoresho co gutera hejuru gikora nk’igikoresho co gucapura c’ubuhinga kitagira aho kigarukira. Kurokoka no kuzigama amaguru n’amaboko bivana n’ukumenya neza aho umubiri w’umutuku Ubuto bwo Guhagarika Ivyihutirwa buri imbere y’uko utera ku ngazi, guca canke gunyerera mu nkweto zafashwe imbere y’uko ushika hejuru canke hasi, kandi ntugerageze gutandukanya intambwe z’icuma zitagira amazi. gushirwako.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Ukubite buto y'umutuku yo guhagarara vyihutirwa ku kibanza co hejuru canke co hasi ubwo nyene: Iyo inkweto, impuzu, igikapu c'abana, canke ukuboko kw'umuntu bifashe mu nzira y'amaguru canke mu nzira y'amaguru iriko iragenda, uvugire induru ngo "Kubita buto itukura yo guhagarika" ku bariko bararaba ku kibanza co kugwako mu gihe uriko uriruka kugira ngo wewe ubwawe ukande.
2. Gubisha abagenzi guhagarara neza ku bifata amaboko imbere yo gukanda stop: Gutera buto yo guhagarara vyihutirwa bigabanya ubushobozi bwa moteri maze bikagira frein y’ubuhinga, bigatuma ingazi ihagarara vuba cane bishobora gutuma abagendera ku mafarasi bahagaze batafashe amaboko baja imbere; n'ijwi rirenga "Fata igikoresho co gufata, uhagarike escalator" uko utera buto.
3. Kura ikirenge cawe kitagira ikintu mu nkweto canke uce umugozi w’inkweto: Nimba umugozi w’inkweto yawe, inkweto, canke igipfukisho c’umupira woroshe gifashwe hagati y’intambwe igenda n’impuzu yo mu ruhande mu gihe uriko uragenda werekeza ku gutera, ukwegere ikirenge cawe kitagira ikintu kigororotse mu nkweto canke remediate implaeth the com lace.
4. Ntukigere ugerageza gukurura igihimba c’umubiri gifise umutego kigororotse iyo escalier ihagaze: Iyo intoke, amano, canke ibihimba vy’umubiri vyoroshe bishizwe munsi y’isahani y’igisokozo canke imbere mu gice c’inyuma c’ijipo inyuma y’aho imashini ihagaze, gukurura n’inguvu bizotabura urukoba n’imitsi (degloving); n’ugushigikira igihimba c’umubiri kandi urindirire ubuhinga bwo gukuraho umuriro n’ubutabazi.
5. Hamagara abajejwe ivy’ivyihutirwa maze usabe Heavy Rescue na EMS: Hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza, canke urabe inomero yacu inomero z'ivyihutirwa directory) kandi bagatanga raporo y’ugufatwa n’amaguru kw’ibarabara rero abazimya umuriro bazana ibikoresho vyo gukwiragiza amazi n’ibikoresho vyo gukoresha.
6. Ntukigere ugendera ku nzira y’amaguru ihagaze iriko irasanurwa: Inzira y’amaguru ihagaze ifise intambwe zikuweho canke frein nini idakora, irashobora gusubira inyuma bukwi na bukwi kubera uburemere bw’abagenzi nk’inzira y’amaguru ihunga, igatera abagendera ku nzira y’amaguru mu mwobo w’icuma wuguruye.

Ubuhinga bw'umubiri: uturere 4 tw'ubuhinga¶

Gutahura aho amabarabara y’amaguru n’inzira z’amaguru zigendagenda zifata inkweto, ibiganza n’impuzu be n’ingene bifasha abagendera ku mafarasi kwirinda ahantu hari ingorane nyinshi kandi birafasha abari aho kumenya aho bohagarika umuntu yakomeretse.

Kubera iki ibipfukisho vy'ifu vyoroshe n'inkweto z'imipira zishobora guhinduka bishobora gushikirwa n'ingorane¶

Mu myaka mirongo ibiri iheze, ibigo vy’ubuvuzi bw’abana bikomeretse be n’abajejwe gucungera umutekano w’amasanseri/amasanseri kw’isi yose baranditse ibihumbi vy’ibirenge bikomeye bifatwa n’ibirenge vyoroshe kandi bishobora guhinduka, birimwo ibipfukisho vy’impuzu vy’impuzu vy’impuzu (EVA) be n’ibirato vy’imvura vy’imipira bishobora guhinduka.

Inkweto z’urukoba zikomeye be n’inkweto zikomeye z’abakinnyi ziguma zifise imiterere iyo zikoranye n’uruhome rw’icuma ruhagaze rw’ibarabara ry’amaguru. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibipfukisho vy’ifu vyoroshe n’ibirato vy’imipira vyoroshe bihuza ibintu bibiri biteye akaga: ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere cane ku vyuma (bituma umuntu afata aho gunyerera) be n’ugukomera guke kw’ivyuma. Iyo umwana ahagaze ku ruhande rwa kure rw’intambwe maze agakoranya urutoke canke uruhande rw’igipfukisho c’ifu ku mpuzu yo ku ruhande ihagaze, ugushikana gukwegera iyo furu yoroshe inyuma no hasi, ikarambura kandi igazunguruka iyo nkoko yoroshe nk’ifu mu kinogo c’ubwaguke bwa milimetero 3 canke 4 gusa. Kubera ko iyo furu ifatanya bitagoranye, irarenga amabarabara y’umutekano wo guhindura igitambaro gushika amano y’umwana afashe cane hagati y’intambwe imanuka n’uruhome rw’icuma.

flowchart TD
    Snag["Inkweto, Umugozi, Imyambaro, canke Amaguru n'amaboko mu nzira y'amaguru"] --> Where{"Mbega Escalator iracariko iragenda?"}
    Where -->|"Ego (Kwegera isahani y'igisokozo)"| Button["1. Semerera GUKUNDA BUTO YO GUHAGURUKA ITUKURA ku Gutera Hejuru/Hasi"]
    Button --> Shed["2. Ubwo nyene Kura Ikirenge Kiri Mu Nkweto canke Utaburure/Ukate Impuzu Yafashwe"]
    Shed --> Clear["3. Intambwe Hejuru y'Igisokozo Ku Butaka Bukomeye"]
    Where -->|"Yahagaze n'Igihimba Gishizwe Imbere mu Kinogo"| Freeze["1. Ushiremwo buto y'umutuku yo guhagarika yuzuye na Post Guard kugira ngo ntihagire uwuyisubiramwo"]
    Freeze --> NoPull["2. NTUKURE IGIHUGU n'Inguvu canke ngo Ugerageze Gutera Intambwe N'Ibipfunsi"]
    NoPull --> Call["3. Hamagara abajejwe gutabara abantu mu gihe c’umuriro + EMS"]
    Call --> Support["4. Gushigikira uburemere bw'amaguru n'amaboko, kugenzura amaraso ava n'umukazo utaziguye, no gutuza abakomeretse"]
    Clear --> CheckInjury{"Hariho Amaraso, Ubumuga, canke Ububabare bwo Gujanjagurwa?"}
    CheckInjury -->|"Ego"| Support
    CheckInjury -->|"Oya (Inkweto Gusa Zafashwe)"| Notify["Siga inkweto zifunzwe mu mashini maze umenyeshe abajejwe umutekano w'inyubako/injeniyeri"]

Aho nyabuna ubuto butukura bwo guhagarika vyihutirwa buri¶

Mu gihe c’ivyago vyihutirwa vy’ugutera hejuru, abarorerezi baratakaza amasegonda ahambaye bariko bararaba hirya no hino mu ruhome canke mu gisenge kugira ngo babone ikintu co gukoresha kubera ko batazi aho kode isaba ko umuyagankuba wo guhagarika ivyihutirwa ushirwa. Mu mategeko yompi y’umutekano yo muri Amerika y’Uburaruko (ASME A17.1 / CSA B44) n’ayo mu Buraya/Mpuzamakungu (EN 115), buri nzira y’amaguru n’inzira y’amaguru igendagenda irafise nibura amabuto abiri y’uguhagarika vyihutirwa akoreshwa n’amaboko, imwe iri hejuru n’iyindi iri hasi:

1. Igihome co hasi c’uruhome rwo hasi (Igisanzwe): Raba ku mpera y’uruhome rwo gushigikira uruhome rwo gufata amaboko (ruhome rwo hasi) aho nyene utera canke ukava ku nzira y’amaguru, akenshi ku ruhande rw’iburyo rwerekeye intambwe**, hafi **15 gushika kuri 45 inches (6 gushika kuri 18 the) n’aho nyene munsi y’izuru ry’igikoresho co gufata amaboko.
2. Upper Inner Deck Moulding: Ku bibanza vyinshi vy’ubudandaji n’ivy’indege, ubuto butukura bushirwa mu mfuruka z’ivyuma bitagira ibara munsi y’umurongo w’ivyuma bigendagenda ku burebure bw’amafyigo (nk’amasentimetero 90 / inches 36 uvuye hasi) ku bibanza vyose bibiri.
3. Igiti c’Ibarabara ry’Inyuma canke Ibarabara ry’Inyuma: Mu bibanza vya none vy’ibarabara ry’imbere mu gihugu, metro, n’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara, akenshi hashirwako buto y’ifeza y’ifeza iri ku metero 1 gushika kuri 2 (amafuti 3 gushika ku 6,5) imbere y’aho umuntu yinjira.
4. Clear Flip-Cover Guard: Amabuto menshi apfutse n'igipfukisho c'ipulasitike gitomoye gifise amabara yanditsweko "GUHAGARARA MU BIHE VY'IHUTIRA: GUTERURA IGIPFUKIRO NO GUSUNIKA BUTO". Guterura igipfukisho c’ipulasitike akenshi bitera ijwi ry’ijwi ry’ibara ry’agahama ryo mu karere kugira ngo umuntu ahagarike gukora ibiteye isoni; ntimukekeranye iyo guterura igipfukisho kivuga ijwi rirenga. Hagurutsa igipfukisho c’ipulasitike maze usunikire buto itukura ushikamye imbere gushika iyo ngazi ihagaze burundu.

Inyishu y'intambwe ku yindi mu gihe c'ugufatwa n'umutego¶

Icigwa ca 1: Gukuraho impuzu, imigozi y'inkweto canke imizigo imbere y'uko umuntu atera¶

Iyo umugozi wawe w’inkweto, umugozi wo gukurura, ikoti yawe ndende canke ijipo yawe biyonzwe mu gipande c’igisokozo canke hagati y’intambwe zibiri igihe uruzitiro ruriko ruragenda:

• Ntukigere wipfukama n’ibiganza vyawe hafi y’isahani y’igisokozo igendagenda kugira ngo ufungure urudodo: Gushira intoke zawe hasi iruhande y’umugozi w’inkweto ukomeye uriko urakomeretswa mu ruzitiro rw’intambwe bizokwegeranya intoke zawe zitaziguye munsi y’amenyo y’igisokozo mu gace k’isegonda.
• Ushire ikirenge cawe mu nkweto ubwo nyene: Kanda igitsintsiri c’iyindi nketo yawe ku mugongo w’inkweto yacitse maze ukure ikirenge cawe c’impuzu kigororotse hejuru no hanze. Siga inkweto itamwe n’isahani y’igisokozo, ivyo bikaba akenshi bizotuma umuyagankuba w’igisokozo uhagarara maze bihagarike igitereko c’amaguru ubwaco.
• Tabura canke ukata igitambaro gifise umutego: Iyo igitambaro co mu mutwe, impuzu ndende, canke umukanda wo mu mugongo bifashwe bikagukwegera hasi bigukwegera ku ngazi, fungura, fungura zipu, canke ushiremwo imigozi y’impuzu canke y’ugupakira ubwo nyene, canke ukoreshe icumu ryo mu mufuko canke umugozi w’ibikomere kugira ngo uce igitambaro neza kure y’umubiri wawe.

Icigwa ca 2: Guhagarika umuntu yakomeretse iyo escalier ihagaze¶

Iyo ikirenge c’umwana, ukuboko canke ukuguru kw’umugendesha bimaze gushirwa mu nzira y’intambwe n’impuzu canke munsi y’isahani y’igisokozo igihe imashini ihagaze:

1. Gushinga umuntu umwe arinda buto ya Stop: Nusabe umuntu akuze yiyemeje guhagarara hejuru y’ubuto bwa Emergency Stop bukanzwe ku kibanza co gutera kugira ngo uwuriko ararengana canke umukozi w’iduka atamenye ntakure buto hanze canke ngo ahindure urufunguzo kugira ngo asubire gutangura urugendo rw’amaguru mu gihe uwo muntu akiri mu mutego.
2. Ntureke abarorerezi batere intambwe n’ibikoresho vy’ugutera intambwe: Intambwe z’amaguru ziterwa n’ivyuma vy’aluminium vy’igice kimwe bishizwe ku minyororo iremereye y’uruzitiro mu gihe c’uguhagarara cane. Kugerageza guca hagati y’intambwe n’impuzu yo mu ruhande ukoresheje igikoresho co kuyibungabunga ata gufungura intambwe canke ngo urekure igipfukisho c’impuzu, kenshi bituma intambwe y’aluminium ishobora gusenyuka ihinduka ibice bisongoye nk’inzobe canke bigatuma iyo ntambwe isubira gutera ku igufa ryajanjaguritse.
3. Sugikira uburemere bw’umubiri w’uwakomeretse: Iyo ikirenge c’umwana gifashe mu mfuruka idasanzwe ku ntambwe itemvye, wicare ku ntambwe iri munsi yiwe ubwo nyene maze ushire mu bibero vyiwe n’umubiri wiwe kugira ngo uburemere bw’umubiri wiwe ntibukwegere hasi ku ntambwe ipfutse.
4. Guma atuje uwukomeretse kugira ngo ntimukubitwe: Ububabare n’ubwoba bituma abana bafunzwe bavyura ukuguru kwabo, bagahindura ukuguru kwabo, bagahindura igipfunsi gisanzwe c’umubiri woroshe kikaba igipfunsi gifunguye canke igipfunsi gikomeye gitera amarira. Vuga utuje, uhagarike ukuntu babona inkweto canke igikomere vyacitse ukoresheje ijaketi canke igitambaro co mu mutwe, hanyuma ushire ivi ryabo gushika abazimya umuriro bashitse.

Icigwa ca 3: Uko abazimya umuriro n'abahinga mu vy'amasanseri bakora ivyo gukura abantu¶

Iyo abajejwe umuriro n’ubutabazi bashitse aho hantu, bakurikiza uburyo bumwe bumwe bwo gusenyura:

• Main Disconnect Lockout/Tagout (LOTO): Abazimya umuriro canke abahinga mu vy’inyubako bafungura urugi rwo hejuru rwo gushika hejuru y’igiti c’umuduga maze bagafunga umuyagankuba w’inzira zitatu kugira ngo umuduga ntushobore gutanga inguvu.
• Gukingira intambwe-uruzitiro gusubira inyuma: Imbere yo gufungura intambwe iyo ari yo yose, abarokozi barasuzuma ko frein y'ubuhinga n'urufunguzo rw'inyongera bikora, canke ko ibiti vy'uruzitiro bifatanye hagati y'uruzitiro rw'intambwe n'uruzitiro rw'uruzitiro kugira ngo uburemere bw'abagenzi canke intambwe ziri ku nzira y'uruzitiro ntizishobora gutuma intambwe zisubira inyuma.
• Gukwiragiza amazi canke gukuraho intambwe: Ukoresheje ibikoresho vy’amazi bikomeye (Jaws of Life), ibikoresho vy’umuyaga bikoreshwa n’umuyaga mwinshi bishirwa hagati y’umubiri w’intambwe n’igitambaro co ku ruhande rumwe, canke amafunguro y’intambwe y’uruhande rwa T kugira ngo ufungure igitambaro c’intambwe y’aluminium ku gipfukisho caco. gap kugera kuri milimetero 50 (inci 2), ivyo bikaba bituma ikirenge cari gifise umutego (kikiri imbere mu masigarira y’inkweto) gishobora guterurwa kigororotse ata gukemura ubwa kabiri.

Imfashanyo ya mbere ku bikomere vy'amaguru: gukuraho amaboko, guca ibihimba, no gukomeretswa cane¶

Impanuka ziterwa n’ibirenge vy’amaguru zitera ibikomere bitatu bikomeye bitewe n’ibirenge vy’amaguru vy’aluminium bifise imirongo n’amenyo y’igisokozo c’amaguru: ugucika ibice vy’umubiri bikomeye, gukuraho ibipfunsi vy’ibihimba vy’umubiri, n’uguca ibihimba vy’umubiri (amano canke urutoke).

flowchart TD
    Free["Abakomeretse bakuwe mu buryo bwo kuduga"] --> Assess["Suzuma Inzira y’Impwemu, Uguhema, n’Amaraso Ava mu Mitsi Ubwo nyene"]
    Assess --> Bleed{"Ubwoko bw’Ihungabana Ririho?"}
    Bleed -->|"Amaraso akomeye ava mu mitsi"| Direct["Gukoresha Umukazo Ukomeye Utaziguye Ukoresheje Gaze Isukuye; Gutera Tourniquet hejuru ku gice c'umubiri iyo amaraso ashobora gutera ubuzima abandanya"]
    Bleed -->|"Urukoba rwavunitse (Igikomere co gukuraho amaganzu)"| Flap["NTUKATE canke ngo ushire inyuma Urukoba Rurekuye; Ushire Flap Inyuma mu Kibanza ca Kamere Hanyuma Upfuke N'Impuzu Zitose Zitagira Indwara"]
    Bleed -->|"Guca urutoke canke urutoke rwose"| Amp["1. Zingira igiti neza n'igitambaro co gupfuka maze ugishire hejuru gatoyi"]
    Amp --> Part["2. Gusubizaho Igitigiri Caciwe (Siga Inkweto/Ibisigazwa Bisuzume Abazimya Umuriro Nimba Biri mu Gitereko)"]
    Part --> Cool["3. Zingira igiharuro mu gipfukisho c'amazi, ushire ikidodo mu gafuko k'ipulasitike yumye, hanyuma ushire umufuko ku barafu/amazi (Ntukigere ukorana n'urubura)"]
    Direct --> Shock["Gumana umurwayi ahagaze, upfuke n'ikoti/uburengeti kugira ngo ntukubiswe, kandi ushire igihimba c'umubiri"]
    Flap --> Shock
    Cool --> Shock

1. Gucungera amaraso menshi ava mu bikomere vy’intambwe zifise amenyo¶

Ivyo bipande vy’ibirenge vy’amaguru vy’ivyuma vy’aluminiyumu bifise uburebure bwa degre 90 bikora nk’ibikoresho vyo gucapura iforomaje iyo umuntu aguye ku ngazi iriko iragendagenda, bikaba kenshi bicapura inzira zikomeye zihuye n’ibindi zijabuka amaguru, amavi, amaboko n’urukoba rw’umutwe.

• Kanda igipande kinini c’impuzu isukuye canke ishati y’ipampa isukuye ipfutse, ushire hejuru y’igikomere kiva amaraso ukoresheje ibiganza vyose bibiri. Raba uburongozi bwacu kuri kuva amaraso cane ku bijanye n’amategeko yuzuye y’ugusohoka amaraso.
• Kubera ko imirongo y’amabarabara y’amaguru ipfutse amavuta y’uruzitiro rw’inganda, inkungugu y’umuyagankuba be n’umwanda wo mw’ibarabara, ntugerageze gusukura amavuta mu bikomere vyuguruye cane aho hantu; kwibanda cane ku guhagarika gutakaza amaraso no kureka abaganga babaga abakomeretse mu bitaro bakavomera no gukuraho ibikomere mu nyama z’umubiri bakoresheje umuti wo kuzitera ububabare.
• Iyo umutsi munini wo mu kuguru kwo hasi canke mu kuboko kw’imbere ucitse maze ugakomeza gusohoka amaraso atukura cane biciye mu gupfuka umutsi, ushireko igikoresho co gupfuka umuyaga kiri ku masentimetero 5 gushika ku 8 (inci 2 gushika ku 3) hejuru y’igikomere (ntiwigere ushira hejuru y’ivi canke y’urutugu) hanyuma wandike igihe cose.

2. Gucungera ibikomere vyo gukuraho amaboko (urukoba n'ibihimba vyo munsi y'urukoba)¶

Iyo inkweto y’umupira canke ikirenge kitagira ikintu gikwezwe hagati y’intambwe igendagenda n’igitambaro gihagaze, inguvu zo gukemura kenshi zica zikura urukoba n’ibinure biri munsi yayo zikabikura ku mitsi y’imitsi n’imitsi y’imbere cane, nk’aho yoba akuraho igitambaro co mu mutwe gikomeye.

• Zingama milimetero yose y’urukoba rufatanye: Iyo urukoba rwo mu mutwe rwacitse inyuma ariko rukaba ruca rufatanye n’ikiraro c’umubiri (pedicle), ntiwigere urukata canke ngo urupfuke inyuma. Ushire urukoba rw’umubiri hejuru y’igitanda c’umubiri mu buryo busanzwe kugira ngo imitsi y’amaraso iri mu gitereko ntiyigere ipfuka.
• Fuka n’igitambaro c’umunyu gitose: Shira igitambaro c’umunyu gitose (canke ivyuma bitagira amazi bisukuye bitose n’amazi yo kunywa yo mu cupa) mu bugwaneza hejuru y’aho hantu hakuweko igitambaro, hanyuma ushireko igitambaro c’inyuma c’umye kugira ngo ntibikonje n’imitsi.
• Immobilize kandi ugume utagira aho uhagaze: Nimba ikirenge canke urutugu rwari rwashizwe imbere mu gikoresho iminota irenga 15, n’ushireko igipimo Gukomeretswa n'indwara y'ibice kandi ugume ushigikiye igihimba c’umubiri ku rugero rw’umutima.

3. Kuzigama amano canke intoke zaciwe kugira ngo zisubire gutera¶

Nimba amano canke intoke zaciwe rwose n’isahani y’igisokozo:

1. Ubanze uvure umurwayi, igice cacitse ubwa kabiri: Ushire igiti kiva amaraso n’agatambaro kanini katagiramwo ubumara kandi ushireko umukazo ukomeye.
2. Ntukigere ushika ku kuboko kwawe bwite imbere mu gipande c’igisokozo c’ibarabara kugira ngo utore igiharuro cacitse: Bwira abazimya umuriro bashitse ko igiharuro kiri imbere mu gitereko co gusubiza intambwe kugira ngo bashobore gufungura igipande co hasi co gusuzuma ata nkomanzi bamaze gufunga amashanyarazi.
3. Kurikiza uburyo bwo kuzigama ubukonje bufise ibice bitatu:
   • Ushobora gusukura umwanda munini uri ku gice cacitse n’umunyu canke amazi meza yo mu cupa (ntukigere uwusukura canke ngo ukoreshe isabune canke inzoga zikingira indwara).
   • Zingira igiharuro mu gipfukisho c’agatambaro k’umunyu canke amazi meza.
   • Funga umubare uzingiye mu mufuko w'ipulasitike usukuye, wumye, udashobora guterwa n'amazi.
   • Uwo mufuko w’ipulasitike ukingiwe ushire mu gitereko ca kabiri canke umufuko wuzuye ikivange ca urubura rwajanjaguwe n’amazi. Ntukigere ushira urutoke canke urutoke rwaciwe ku barafu ataco irimwo canke ku barafu yumye, kuko gukonja ataco bimaze bishobora gusenyura inkuta z’ingingo z’imitsi mito mito kandi bikaba bidashoboka ko umuntu abagwa.

Akaga gakomeye ko gusenyuka kw'intambwe z'amaguru n'ikinogo c'ivyuma kigwa¶

Naho ari gake ugereranije n’ugufata inkweto, ukunanirwa kw’intambwe z’inyubako be n’ugusenyuka kw’ibipande vyo hasi vyo gusuzuma ni vyo bitera urupfu kuruta ibindi vyose mu mpanuka ziterwa n’ibirenge. Munsi y’uruzitiro rworoshe rw’intambwe z’aluminiyumu zigendagenda hariho ikinogo c’icuma gikomeye kandi giteye nk’ibinogo (uruzitiro) kirimwo moteri nyamukuru y’umuduga, ivyuma vy’inka, iminyororo yo gusubiza intambwe, n’ibikoresho bizunguruka aho umuntu atera hejuru n’aho hasi.

• Ibimenyetso vy'imburi vy'uko hariho intambwe ziriko zirahungabana ("intambwe zihunga" canke ziriko zirahungabana): Niwaba wumvise ijwi ry'ivyuma rikomeye, ry'ugutera ry'umuziki, canke ry'ugusemerera rivuye ku ngazi, canke ubonye intambwe iriko irahengamira hejuru ku ruhande uko yegera aho igera, ntutere ku nzira y'urugendo. Niba uri ku ngazi igihe intambwe zitangura gutera imbere no kwirundanira aho utera nk’inanga, fata izo nzira zompi ubwo nyene, ukwegere ibirenge vyawe hejuru ku nzira ikomeye y’ipulasitike/icuma iri iruhande y’ingazi nimba ari ndende bihagije, canke ushire hejuru y’inzira y’inzira iri hafi iyo ari hafi.
• Ntukigere urenga uruzitiro rw’umuhondo rwo gusanasana ku nzira y’amaguru ihagaze: Iyo abamakanika bakuyeho intambwe zibiri canke zitatu z’aluminiyumu kugira ngo bakoreshe inzira y’amaguru, umwobo uhagaze w’amametero 1,5 (amafuti 5) ufunguka uhita uja mu mwobo w’ivyuma uri musi. Ikibi kuruta, iyo frein nyamukuru y’umuduga irekuwe mu buryo bw’ubuhinga kugira ngo ikorwe, inzira y’amaguru ihagaze ifatwa gusa n’ugushikana. Iyo umugwi w’abagenda n’amaguru wirengagije uruzitiro maze ukagenda ku ngazi zihagaze kugira ngo uzikoreshe nk’ingazi zisanzwe, uburemere bwazo bwose buja hasi burashobora gutsinda ugushikana kw’isi maze bugatuma ingazi yose y’icuma yihuta cane ija hasi mu guhinduka (uguhindura inzira y’ingazi), igatera abantu amajana n’amajana. icobo co gutunganya.

Ukwirinda: Amategeko 6 yerekeye umutekano w’imiryango¶

Gukingira ibikomere vyo ku nzira y’amaguru no ku nzira y’amaguru bisaba ingeso zikomeye igihe cose umuntu ariko aragendera ku mafarasi n’abana, imizigo canke ibintu bimufasha kwiruka:

• Hagarara imbere mu mirongo y’umuhondo y’imipaka y’uruzitiro: Intambwe z’ubu zifise imirongo y’imipaka y’umuhondo ukayangana canke y’ibara ry’umuhondo ikikuje imirongo yose ine y’intambwe yose. Toza abana kwama batera ibirenge vyose bibiri bikomeye hagati y’intambwe imbere mu gasandugu k’umuhondo, ugumize inkweto z’imipira n’ibipfukisho vy’imipira vyoroshe nibura ku ruhome rw’ijipo rwo ku ruhande ruhagaze.
• Ntukigere utwara amagare y’abana, amagare y’abana, amagare y’ibimuga, canke amagare y’imizigo y’amaguru ane ku nzira y’amaguru: Igare ry’abana riri ku nzira y’amaguru ifise imfuruka riruhukira amapine yaco y’inyuma ku ntambwe imwe iriko iragenda mu gihe amapine yaco y’imbere amanika mu kirere canke aruhukira ku mfuruka y’intambwe iri hejuru cane. Intambwe zikimara gusenyuka ku kibanza co gutera hejuru canke co hasi, iyo nkoko irasubira inyuma canke igatera uruyoya ruri mu maso imbere y’ibindi rukamanuka ku birenge vy’aluminiyumu bifise amahembe, canke amapine mato mato y’imbere y’uruyoya agaca agenda agororotse mu binogo vy’amasahani y’igisokozo. Igihe cose fata asanseri igihe umuntu asunika akagare k’abana, intebe y’ibimuga canke igare ry’ibintu biremerera.
• Ntukigere wemera ko ibikoko vyo mu nzu bigenda ataco bimaze ku ngazi z’amaguru: Ivyuma vy’amaguru vy’imbwa, inzara z’ibirenge, n’ubwoya ntibigira uburinzi bukomeye kandi bikwegwakwegwa bigororotse mu menyo y’igisokozo c’imilimetero 3 ku nzira y’ugusohoka, bikaba bituma umuntu acirwa amaguru menshi biteye ubwoba. Imisi yose ujye utwaza imbwa ntoyi mu maboko yawe ku nzira y’amaguru, canke ufate ingazi canke asanseri uri kumwe n’imbwa ziringaniye n’izinini.
• Fata ibiganza vy'abana maze ubatere intambwe hejuru (ntibanyerere) isahani y'igisokozo: Ntukigere ureka abana batoyi ngo bicare ku ngazi z'uruzitiro, ngo bakine hafi y'aho umuntu yinjira mu gitereko co hasi, canke ngo "bashire" inkweto zabo z'imipira ku isahani y'igisokozo ca nyuma. Bamenyeshe guterura ikirenge cabo hejuru maze bagatera hejuru y’amenyo y’icuma y’igisokozo, bakaja hasi hakomeye.
• Koranya impuzu ndende maze usuzume imigozi y’inkweto imbere yo kwinjira mu ndege: Imbere yo gutera intambwe ku nzira y’injira, urabe hasi kugira ngo umenye ko iyo migozi yompi ifise amapfundo abiri maze ushire hejuru umugozi w’impuzu iyo ari yo yose y’uburebure bwo hasi, abaya, sari, ikoti, canke igitambaro c’imbere nibura amasenti 10 (10 yourshoi)
• Komeza gutera imbere ubwo nyene usohotse aho uhagarara: Ntukigere uhagarara aho usohokera ubwo nyene ku nzira y’amaguru canke ku kibuga c’indege kugira ngo usuzume telefone yawe canke urondere ibimenyetso vy’irembo. Iyo mashini iguma itwara abantu 90 gushika ku 120 ku munota, inyuma yawe ataco ihinduye; guhagarara ku gipande c’igisokozo bituma umuntu ahita yirundanira mu menyo y’icuma agendagenda.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ishirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’Abahinga b’Ivy’Imashini (ASME, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 Itegeko ry’Umutekano ku Biduga n’Ivyuma vy’Ibiduga: Index y’Intambwe n’Igipfukisho, Ivyuma vy’Impapuro z’Igisokozo, n’Igikoresho co Guhagarika Ivyihutirwa.
• Komite y’Uburaya y’Ivy’Imirongo Ngenderwako (CEN, Ubumwe bw’Uburayi): RU 115-1 Umutekano w’Ibirenge n’Imirongo y’Imigenderanire: Ivyiyumviro vy’Ubwubatsi n’Ivy’Ugushiraho.
• Komisiyo y’Umutekano w’Ibikoresho vy’Abaguzi yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (CPSC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Imburi z’umutekano wa bose ku bibazo vyo gufatwa n’inkweto zikozwe mu mavuta yoroshe, impuzu zidakomeye, n’ibirenge vy’abana.
• Ishirahamwe ry’umutekano w’amasanseri (EESF, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada): Ingingo ngenderwako zo kwirinda impanuka z’abagenzi n’amasanseri y’abagenzi bagendagenda.
• Ishirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’ugukingira umuriro (NFPA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): NFPA 1006 / 1670 Itegeko ry’abarokozi b’abahinga Ivyigwa vy’umwuga: Gukuraho imitego y’amamashini n’ivy’amaguru.
• Ishure ry’ubuvuzi ry’abana ryo muri Amerika (AAP, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Ubuvuzi bw’abana n’ugukingira ibikomere vy’ibirenge n’amaguru bifitaniye isano n’ibirenge n’amaguru.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Ivyihutirwa vy'asanseri
• Igikomerekezo co gujanjagurwa n'indwara y'ibice
• Kuva amaraso cane
• Pariki y'imyidagaduro n'ivyihutirwa