Uruhome rwo gukingira, ugusenyuka kw'urugo, n'ugukaraba kw'inzira y'imodoka¶

A residential retaining wall that begins leaning outward, bulging at the center, or opening crescent-shaped tension cracks in the lawn behind it is an active geotechnical emergency holding back tens or hundreds of metric tons of saturated earth. One cubic meter of dry soil weighs roughly 1,400 to 1,600 kilograms (2,400 to 2,700 pounds per cubic yard), and when heavy rain, rapid spring snowmelt, or a leaking underground irrigation pipe saturates that soil, the weight climbs past 2,000 kilograms per cubic meter (3,400 pounds per cubic yard) while trapped pore water adds immense horizontal hydrostatic pressure pushing against the back of the wall. Even a modest 1.5-meter-tall (5-foot) backyard masonry or timber retaining wall stretching 10 meters (33 feet) along a driveway is fighting a lateral earth and water load exceeding 25,000 kilograms (55,000 pounds).

Homeowners routinely misjudge how fast a compromised retaining wall, hillside yard slump, or washed-out driveway culvert transitions from slow creep to instantaneous collapse. Walking along the base of a leaning stone or concrete block wall to push on it, parking a vehicle on the upper terrace near the edge of a bulging wall, or driving across a driveway culvert whose underlying gravel has been scoured away by flash runoff has killed or trapped thousands of residents worldwide. Taking disciplined action in the first ten minutes, establishing a strict 1.5-times-wall-height collapse exclusion zone, diverting surface water away from the upper slope tension cracks, removing vehicle surcharge weight from the top terrace, and checking for sheared underground gas or water utilities, protects your family and house foundation from a sudden earth slide.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Clear everyone out of the "1.5x Height" collapse zone below the wall and off the top edge above it. Measure or estimate the vertical height of the retaining wall or steep slope (\(H\)). Barricade a strict safety perimeter extending at least 1.5 times the wall height (\(1.5 \times H\)) outward from the bottom toe of the wall AND 1.5 times the wall height back from the top crest of the wall. For a 2-meter-tall (6.5-foot) wall, keep all people, children, and pets at least 3 meters (10 feet) away from both the bottom face and the top terrace edge.
2. Move vehicles, trailers, and heavy equipment off the upper terrace or undermined driveway immediately (only if safe). A parked passenger car or pickup truck sitting on the soil wedge behind a retaining wall adds 1,800 to 3,500 kilograms (4,000 to 7,700 pounds) of live surcharge load that pushes directly outward against the failing wall face. If the pavement is not actively cracking or sinking beneath your feet, move cars off the upper terrace and out from below the wall immediately. Never drive across a driveway bridge or culvert pipe if water is overtopping the pavement or if the asphalt edges are caving inward.
3. Shut off irrigation systems, swimming pool backwash lines, and leaking yard pipes. Walk to your irrigation controller and turn all lawn sprinklers and drip zones OFF. If a swimming pool, hot tub, or ornamental pond sits on the slope above the retaining wall or hillside slump, check whether a leaking pool return pipe or filter backwash hose is pumping thousands of liters of water into the hillside soil.
4. Divert roof downspouts and surface runoff away from the top of the wall and out of ground cracks. The fastest way to stop a creeping retaining wall or yard slump from collapsing during a rainstorm is to stop additional surface water from pouring into the soil wedge behind the wall. Attach 3- to 6-meter (10- to 20-foot) flexible corrugated plastic extensions to any roof gutter downspouts discharging near the top of the slope so roof water drains far away from the hillside.
5. Cover open crescent-shaped ground cracks at the top of the slope with waterproof plastic tarps. Look at the lawn, soil, or pavement 0.5 to 3 meters (1.5 to 10 feet) behind the top of the bulging wall or slumping hillside. If you see curved, crescent-shaped cracks opening in the dirt or asphalt (headscarp tension cracks), lay heavy 6-mil polyethylene plastic sheeting or waterproof tarps flat over the cracked ground and anchor the uphill edge with sandbags or bricks so rainwater slides harmlessly over the cracks instead of pouring straight down into the slip plane like a hydraulic jack.
6. Inspect your house foundation and smell for natural gas if the slope sits near your home. If the failing retaining wall or yard slump is within 6 meters (20 feet) of your house, check your basement walls, garage slab, and exterior brickwork for new diagonal stair-step cracks, sticking doors, or separated porch steps following our Ukwononekara kw'imibumbe n'uburongozi bwo gusenyuka. If you smell rotten-egg mercaptan odor or hear hissing soil near a slope movement, evacuate immediately and follow our gazi ivuza vyihutirwa.

Uruhome rwo gukingira n'uruzitiro rw'ivyihutirwa¶

Koresha iki giti c’ingingo y’ubuhinga bwo gutoranya ivy’ubutaka kugira ngo usuzume uburemere bw’uruhome rwo gukingira, ugusenyuka kw’urugo rwo ku musozi, canke ugusenyuka kw’imigende y’umuduga maze uhitemwo inyishu yo guhagarara neza.

flowchart TD
    Start["Retaining Wall Bulge, Hillside Yard Slump,<br/>or Driveway Culvert Washout Detected"] --> Zone["1. Establish 1.5x Wall/Slope Height Exclusion Zone<br/>Above and Below Failure Area"]
    Zone --> Surcharge["2. Remove Parked Vehicles from Top Terrace<br/>and Clear People/Cars Below Wall"]
    Surcharge --> HazardType{"3. Which geotechnical emergency is occurring?"}

    HazardType -->|"A. Retaining wall leaning >2 to 5 degrees,<br/>belly bulge, or dry weep holes during rain"| WallBranch{"Is wall movement active/cracking<br/>or threatening a house?"}
    HazardType -->|"B. Crescent-shaped tension crack in yard<br/>and tilted trees/fences on hillside"| SlumpBranch{"Is muddy water seeping out<br/>at the bottom toe of the slope?"}
    HazardType -->|"C. Driveway culvert pipe plugged,<br/>water overtopping road, or asphalt undermined"| CulvertBranch["Barricade Driveway Immediately:<br/>Do NOT drive across undermined asphalt<br/>or enter submerged culvert inlet"]

    WallBranch -->|"Active cracking, >5 cm (2 in) tilt,<br/>or supporting house foundation"| EvacWall["Imminent Wall Collapse:<br/>Stay out of drop zone; call geotechnical/structural engineer;<br/>notify city building dept if near street/neighbor"]
    WallBranch -->|"Slow creep, plugged weep holes,<br/>no active falling blocks"| DrainWall["Relieve Hydrostatic Pressure Safely:<br/>Divert roof downspouts, tarp soil behind wall,<br/>clear plugged weep holes from the side with long rod"]

    SlumpBranch -->|"Yes: Toe bulging and muddy springs,<br/>or loud root snapping sounds"| ActiveSlide["Imminent Landslide / Debris Flow:<br/>Evacuate downhill structures immediately;<br/>call 911 / 112 / 999 and check utilities"]
    SlumpBranch -->|"No: Dry tension crack at crest"| TarpSlump["Tarp Headscarp Tension Cracks:<br/>Lap waterproof 6-mil plastic over cracks;<br/>NEVER dump fill dirt onto top of slump"]

    CulvertBranch --> CulvertFix["Wait for Water to Recede:<br/>Clear upstream trash rack only from high dry bank;<br/>inspect pipe bedding scour before driving"]

Geotechnical mechanics: why retaining walls and yard slopes fail¶

A retaining wall is not a decorative fence; it is a gravity dam engineered to resist the downward and outward wedge of soil behind it (active earth pressure). Nearly 90 percent of all residential retaining wall collapses and backyard slope failures are triggered by water, not by the weight of the dry dirt alone.

The 4 structural failure modes of a retaining wall¶

Geotechnical engineers evaluate a distressed retaining wall by identifying which of four mechanical failure modes is underway:

1. Overturning (Rotational tilt around the front toe):
2. Lateral pressure from saturated clay soil or frost heave high on the back of the wall pushes the top of the wall outward, causing the entire wall to lean forward at an angle while pivoting around its bottom front edge (the toe).
3. Critical tipping point: Most segmental concrete block and timber walls are built with a purposeful backward lean into the hill (batter) of 2 to 7 degrees. Once a vertical wall tilts forward past vertical, its center of gravity shifts outside the middle third of its base footing, and overturning accelerates rapidly.
4. Sliding (Horizontal shear at the base):
5. The wall stays relatively vertical, but the entire bottom course of blocks, timbers, or poured concrete footing slides forward across the wet clay soil beneath it because the soil under the base has turned slick with water and lost frictional grip.
6. Uzobona ikinogo kifungutse inyuma y’uruhome be n’umurongo w’ivu canke w’amabuye y’agaciro vyuzuye imbere y’inzira y’inyuma.
7. Igice c'imbere / Inda Ivyimba (Igipfukisho c'uburebure hagati):
8. Isanzwe mu mpome z’amabuye yumye, mu mpome z’amabuye y’agaciro (CMU) zidakomeye, mu mpome z’amabuye y’agaciro zifatanye zitagira igitambaro co gukomeza ivyuma vy’amabuye, no mu mpome z’ibiti ziboze zikozwe mu nzira y’igariyamoshi.
9. Ivyumba vyo hejuru n’ivyo hasi biguma mu kibanza cavyo, ariko igice ca gatatu co hagati c’uruhome kirapfukama hanze nk’inda itwite, amajosi y’ivu arasaduka mu buryo buringaniye, ibiti vy’ibiti birasaduka, canke amabuye umwumwe wese atangura gusohoka mu maso. Inda y’uburebure hagati ni yo nzira iteye akaga cane yo kunanirwa kuko uruhome ruturikira hanze ataco rutera buhoro buhoro.
10. Ugusenyuka kw'Isi Yose (Ugusenyuka kw'Isi yose):
11. Rimwe na rimwe uruhome rwo gukingira ubwarwo rwubakiwe neza, ariko uruhome rwose rw’umusozi munsi n’inyuma rw’urwo ruhome ruca ku nzira y’indege y’inyerera imeze nk’ikiyiko igoramye cane, ikaba iri ku metero 2 gushika ku 6 (amafuti 6,5 gushika ku 20) munsi y’ubutaka.
12. Ivyerekana ni nk’igipfukisho c’ukwezi (headscarp)** gipfutse mu rugo kiri kure cane inyuma y’uruhome, kifatanijwe n’ubutaka buri imbere y’imbere y’uruhome butera hejuru uko umuzingi w’ubutaka bwimbitse uzunguruka.

Kubera iki imyobo y’amarira ipfutse ihindura imvura ikaba impfizi y’intama y’amazi¶

Inyuma y’uruhome rwo gukingira beton, itafari, ibuye canke ibiti vyubatswe neza, hariho inkingi y’ibuye ry’amazi ry’amazi n’umuyoboro w’amazi w’amazi utoboye (Umuyoboro w’amazi w’igifaransa / umuyoboro w’amazi w’ibirenge), hamwe n’umurongo w’ibinogo bitobito canke ibinogo bihagaze biri hagati ya metero 1,2 na 2,4 imbere y’uruhome (4). vyitwa imyobo y’amarira.

• Iyo imyobo y’amarira n’imigende y’amazi y’amabuye y’agaciro bikora neza, amazi y’imvura yinjira mw’ivu riri inyuma y’uruhome aca asohoka ubwo nyene aciye mu myobo y’amarira aja mu rugo rw’imbere, ku buryo amazi atazokwigera yirundanira inyuma y’uruhome.
• Iyo imyobo y’amarira ipfutse n’ivu, imizi y’ibiti, igitambaro co gucungera amazi c’ivu gipfutse n’ivu ry’ibumba, ivyari vy’ibikoko vy’ibisiga canke vy’imbeba, canke iyo nyen’inzu yihenze apfutse imyobo y’amarira kugira ngo iboneke, **ikigega c’amazi co munsi y’ubutaka kigaca kizura inyuma y’uruhome.
• Hydrostatic pressure physics: Water pushes horizontally against the back of a wall in every direction with a pressure equal to \(\gamma_w \times h\) (roughly 9.8 kilopascals per meter of depth, or 62.4 pounds per square foot for every foot of water depth). A plugged wall holding 1.8 meters (6 feet) of trapped water behind it experiences more than double to triple the horizontal pushing force of dry soil, while the same water lubricates clay particles and reduces the soil's internal shear strength to mud.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya: gusuzuma uburemere bw'uruhome, umuheto, n'inzira y'umuduga¶

Koresha iyi nzira yo gusuzuma ivy’itongo uri ahantu heza hanze y’aho ivyuka bisenyutse kugira ngo umenye nimba uriko urabona ukugendagenda gutoyi kw’ibihe canke ukunanirwa kw’ivyago biri hafi.

Intambwe ku yindi guhagarara vyihutirwa ku ruhome rwo gukingira canke urugo rwo gusenyuka¶

Igihe uruhome rwo gukingira rumaze gukura canke ubusitani bwo ku musozi bumaze gusaduka mu buryo buzunguruka, ntushobora gusunika uruhome ngo rusubire mu kibanza caco, kandi ntushobora kwigera uhagarara imbere yarwo. Ariko rero, urashobora gukora ata nkomanzi ingingo zitatu zo guhagarara neza zifise ingaruka nyinshi zivuye hanze y’aho hari akaga zihagarika amazi gutwara iyo ntambara gushika aho isenyuka burundu.

Intambwe ya 1: Shiraho igikoresho co kugenzura inyigisho "Tell-Tale" (Kugira ngo umenye nimba kiriko kiragenda ubu nyene)¶

Mu gihe c’igihuhusi gikomeza, ijisho ry’umuntu ntirishobora kumenya bitagoranye nimba uruhome rwasadutse canke uruhome rw’ivyatsi rwacitse milimetero 6 (¼ inch) mw’isaha ya nyuma canke ko rwamaze amezi menshi rwicaye. Gushiraho ibipimo bibiri vyoroshe vy'ubuhinga bivuye ahantu hatagira umutekano:

1. Igipimo c'Ivyatsi vy'Ibiti Bibiri (Ku bijanye n'imivyimba yo ku musozi no hejuru y'uruhome):
2. Hagarara ku butaka buhamye, butagiramwo imivyimba inyuma y’umuvuduko w’umuvuduko (ntiwigere utera intambwe ku gipande co kumanuka kiri hagati y’umuvuduko n’urubibi rw’uruhome).
3. Nimutere igiti kimwe mu butaka buhamye buduga amasentimetero 60 inyuma y’aho hantu hacitse, hanyuma ushikire hakurya kugira ngo mushire igiti ca kabiri mu butaka buriko buragenda bumanuka gusa aho hantu hacitse.
4. Rambura umugozi ushikamye canke urudodo rwo gupima hagati y’ivyo biti bibiri, ushire ikimenyetso ku rugendo nyarwo ukoresheje ikimenyetso kigumaho (nk’akarorero, 100.0 centimeters), hanyuma ukayisuzuma ukoresheje itara inyuma y’iminota 30 gushika kuri 60 uvuye ku ruhande rwo kuduga rutekanye. Iyo urugendo hagati y'ibiti ruriko rurakura na milimetero 6 (¼ inch) canke zirenga kw'isaha mu gihe c'imvura, umusenyi uri mu ntambara kandi ugusenyuka kuri hafi.
5. Ikiraro c'uruzitiro canke igikoresho co kugenzura imivyimba y'ibirahuri (Ku mpera z'uruhome rwa beton/urw'amabuye):
6. Kuva ku mpera y’uruhome rwa beton (ntiwigere uhagarara imbere y’aho hagati hateye), shira ibipande bibiri vy’ivyuma vyihuta gutera canke vy’inyuma vy’uruzitiro ku mfuruka ihagaze maze ushire umurongo ugororotse uhagaze ku ruzitiro ukoresheje urugero n’ikimenyetso. Ugutandukanya kwose kw’uburinganire canke ugukemurwa guhagaze guca umurongo mu buryo buboneka.

Intambwe ya 2: Gukingira amazi no gukingira imivyimba yo hejuru (Ubuhinga bwa Tarp Shingle)¶

Iyo uruhome rwo gukingira uruhome rwihetse imbere canke uruhome rw’umusozi rutemba gatoyi, haca hafunguka umuhengeri muremure uhagaze mw’isi iri inyuma yarwo. Iyo amazi y’imvura canke y’urubura avuye mu rugo rwawe akasuka muri iyo nzira yuguruye, iyo nzira yuzuye amazi nk’umuyoboro mutoyi uhagaze, bigatuma inguvu z’amazi zisohoka hanze ku ruhome zigwira 300 gushika kuri 500 kw’ijana.

1. Ukoresheje uruhande rw’umusozi rudahinduka (ugumye nibura metero 1,5 / amafuti 5 inyuma uvuye ku mpera y’uruhome), fungura ibipande vy’ipulasitike vy’iminota 6 (0,15-millimeter) canke ibipande bitagira amazi ku ruhande rwose rwasadutse kandi ushire nibura feeters u5.5. gusaduka.
2. Shingle the overlaps downhill: Niba ukoresha amatara menshi, wama uzunguruka igitambaro co hejuru hejuru y’isonga ry’igitambaro co hasi (nk’ibitambaro vyo ku gisenge) kugira amazi agende neza ku murongo ataco avuye munsi.
3. Kata umugende w’amasentimetero 10 (4-inch) utari mwinshi ku ruhande rw’umusozi rw’igitambaro, ushire uruhande rwo hejuru rw’ipulasitike mu mugende, hanyuma uwushireko imifuko y’umusenyi canke ivu kugira ngo amazi yo hejuru ntashobore kwinyegeza munsi y’urubibi rw’ipulasitike rwo hejuru.
4. Yerekeza urubibi rw’uruhome rwo ku ruhande rwo ku ruhande rwerekeye ivyatsi bikomeye canke amazi y’igihuhusi kure y’igice c’uruhome cari giteye akaga.

Intambwe ya 3: Kura imyobo y’amarira ipfutse ku ruhande ukoresheje inkoni ndende¶

Iyo uruhome rwo gukingira rushikamye bihagije ku buryo ata mabuye ariko aragwa kandi ata n’ugusaduka gukomeye kuriko kuraba, ariko ukabona ko hasi kwarwo imyobo y’amarira humye canke hapfutse n’ivu n’ivyari vy’ibisiga mu gihe ubutaka buri inyuma y’uruhome bufise amazi:

1. Hagarara hanze y’aho 1.5x Height collapse zone ku ruhande rw’uruhome canke ushike ku ruhande rw’uruhome n’igipande kirekire c’umuyoboro wa PVC ukomeye w’amametero 2.4- gushika kuri 3 (amaguru 8- gushika ku 10), ivyuma vy’ivyuma, canke igiti c’imibavu.
2. Nimutere inkoni mu kanwa k’umwobo wose wo hasi wo kurira kugira ngo uce mu bipande vy’ivu, mu bipfukisho vy’ivu vy’udukoko, canke mu bipfukisho vy’imizi, canke uyobore umugezi w’ubugwaneza uva ku ntugu y’amazi y’itongo ifashe ku giti kirekire mu mwobo w’amarira mu masegonda 5 kugira ngo ukuremwo ivu.
3. Nimba amazi y’ivu ryirabura atangura gusohoka mu mwobo w’amarira wari warasukuwe, nusubire inyuma maze ureke amazi yafunzwe asohoke mu buryo busanzwe. (Iciyumviro: Nimba gukuraho umwobo w’amarira bisukura umusenyi canke amabuye y’agaciro menshi asukuye ubudasiba, igitambaro co kuyungurura kiri inyuma y’uruhome carataburutse, kigatuma haba umwobo wo munsi y’ubutaka; reka gutohoza maze uhamagare injeniyeri.)

Ibarabara ry'imodoka ry'umuduga, gusenyuka kw'amabuye, n'ivyihutirwa vy'imigende y'amazi¶

Amazu yo mu misozi, mu gisagara, no mu misozi akenshi ajabuka umugende w’amazi, umugezi w’ibihe, canke umubande biciye mu vyuma vy’amabuye, ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro, canke umuyoboro w’amazi w’amabuye y’agaciro wahambwe munsi y’inzira y’imodoka. Mu gihe c’imvura nyinshi cane canke imyuzure (raba ivyacu Uburongozi bw'umwuzure na Umuyoboro w'ibisenyuka), amazi y’inzira y’imodoka arananirwa mu buryo butatu bwica:

1. Umutego w’ikiraro c’amabuye y’agaciro yihishije (Ibarabara ry’amabuye ry’agaciro)¶

Inzira z’imodoka zikozwe mu mabuye n’amabuye y’agaciro ni ibipande bikomeye vy’uburebure bwa santimetero 5 gushika ku 10, bikaba vyishingikiriza vyose ku gishingo c’amabuye y’agaciro apfutse munsi yavyo kugira ngo bifashe uburemere bw’ikilo 2.000 bw’imodoka.

• Uko amatiyo n’ugusukura biva mu nzira y’imodoka: Iyo amashami n’amababi y’igiti bipfutse ubwinjiriro bw’umuyoboro w’amazi, amazi asubira hejuru mu kidengeri kirekire kiri ku ruhande rw’inzira y’imodoka. Ku nguvu z’amazi, amazi atangura gusesa hirya no hino hanze y’umuyoboro w’ivyuma canke w’ipulasitike biciye mu gitanda c’amabuye (imiyoboro y’amazi). Mu minota 30, ayo mazi yihuta arayoza amabuye yose n’umwanda wose uri munsi y’inzira y’imodoka mu gihe asiga igipande co hejuru c’amabuye y’agaciro yirabura c’amasentimetero 5 kimanitse mu kirere nk’ikiraro c’amagi kidashigikiwe.
• Igituma udashobora kwigera utwara imodoka canke ngo uyijabuke: Uvuye ku ntebe y’umushoferi, inzira y’umuduga y’ibara ryirabura isa n’iyisanzwe kandi idakomeretse (canke ipfutse n’amazi atemba amasentimetero 2 gusa). Igihe nyene amapine y’imbere y’imodoka atera ku mfuruka y’amabuye y’agaciro ataco ashigikiye, iyo nzira y’amabuye iraca mu mwobo w’uburebure bwa metero 1,5 (amafuti 5) wari warayozwe, bigatuma iyo modoka ihinduka amazi y’umwuzure yihuta.
• Igikorwa ubwo nyene:
• Barricade ku mpera zompi z’inzira y’imodoka ubwo nyene ukoresheje amakone y’umutuku, ibibindi vy’imyanda, amabendera akeye, canke imodoka zihagaze zihagaze neza inyuma ku butaka bukomeye kugira ngo amakamyo atwara ibintu, abagize umuryango, canke imodoka zitwara ivyihutirwa ntizishobore gutwara mu mpanuka ku nzira yacitsemwo ibice.
• Gutohoza imirongo y’inzira y’amabuye uhereye ku butaka butekanye kandi bwumye ukoresheje igiti kirekire canke igikoresho co gufatako igiti kugira ngo urabe nimba urutugu rw’amabuye ruri munsi y’uruzitiro rw’amabuye y’agaciro rwayozwe.

2. Igikoresho co kunyota amazi (Ntukigere ukura amazi yinjira mu mazi mu gihe c’igihuhusi)¶

Iyo amazi asubiye inyuma y’umuyoboro w’amazi w’umuyoboro w’amazi, akenshi bene inzu barageragezwa no kwinjira muri uwo mwobo bakoresheje igikoresho co gukura amashami mu mfuruka y’umuyoboro w’amazi.

Gukingira ibikoresho n'imishinge iyo urugo canke uruhome ruhindutse¶

Kwinyiganza kw’ivu ntikwinyiganza gusa umwanda n’amabuye; guhindura uruhande rwa sentimetero 5 gusa (2 inches) mu mfuruka y’urugo canke ku ruhande rw’inzira y’imodoka bizoca imiyoboro ikomeye yo munsi y’ubutaka n’imiyoboro ica mu karere k’uguterera.

1. Imirongo y'amazi n'imirongo ya propane:
2. Suzuma aho umuyagankuba wawe wo mw’ibarabara winjira mu nzu yawe canke aho umurongo w’umuringa/polyethylene wahambwe uva mu gitereko ca propane co mu rugo rwawe uja mu nzu yawe.
3. Nimba ubutaka buri muri iyo nzira bwasadutse, bwasenyutse canke bwavyimvye inyuma y’uruhome rwo gukingira rudakora neza, funga umupfunda wo gukoresha itangi rya propane (canke uvemwo maze uhamagare inomero y’ivyihutirwa y’ishirahamwe ry’amazi y’amazi nimba wumva umunuko w’amazi canke ubonye ubutaka buriko burakura ku gipimo c’amazi c’inzu).
4. Imirongo y'amazi ya komine n'imirongo y'amazi y'abantu ku giti cabo:
5. Igihome gihinduka gica kenshi gica imirongo y’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka ya PVC canke y’umuringa hagati y’igipimo c’ibarabara n’inzu, kigapompa amazi afise umukazo agororotse mu ndege y’uguterera maze kigatuma ubutaka busenyuka cane. Raba akazu gatoyi kazunguruka inkomoko y’ikimenyetso c’amazi ku gipimo c’amazi co mw’ibarabara ryawe mu gihe amapompi yose yo mu nzu azimye; iyo iriko irazunguruka, uce ufunga ubwo nyene umupfunda wo guhagarika umuhanda wo mu nzira.
6. Niba itangi ryawe ry’amazi canke ikibanza co gukuramwo amazi kiri ku mfuruka, uhagarike gukoresha amazi yose yo mu nzu ubwo nyene kugira ngo amazi y’imyanda ntashire amavuta ku ruhande rw’umusozi (raba ivyacu Uburongozi bwo kunanirwa kw'imigenderanire y'amazi).
7. Umubanyi wo kumanuka n'itangazo ry'uburenganzira bwo guca mu nzira ya komine:
8. Niba uruhome rwawe rwo gukingira canke uruhome rwo ku ruhande rw’umusozi ruri ku rubibi rw’inzira ya bose, ibarabara ry’igisagara, inzira y’amaguru, canke inzu y’umubanyi wawe amanuka, inzira y’imodoka, canke uruhome rw’icumba co kuraramwo, menyesha umubanyi wawe amanuka ubwawe canke kuri telefone ubwo nyene kugira ngo bashobore kwimurira abo mu muryango mu vyumba vy’imodoka yabo bihanganye n’uruhome rwabo.
9. Hamagara igisata cawe c’inyubako canke igisata c’umuriro/ibikorwa vya bose kitari ivyihutirwa kugira ngo usabe umugenzuzi w’inyubako mu gisagara canke injeniyeri wa komine gusuzuma nimba uruhome rutera ubwoba uburenganzira bwa bose bwo guca mu nzira canke inyubakwa iri hafi.

Gusanura ubuhinga buhoraho: ni igiki gikora n'igituma DIY "band-aids" zidakora¶

Igihe ivyihutirwa bimaze guhagarara neza kandi ubutaka bukaguma bumeze, uruhome rwo gukingira rwaciye mu nzira ihagaze, rwavyimba hagati, canke rwatakaje ubushobozi bwo gutera ntirushobora gukosorwa mu gupfuka imivyimba n’ivu canke mu gushigikira ibiti vy’imfuruka ku maso.

• Kubera iki gupfuka imivyimba mu ruhome rwo gukingira beton bituma gusenyuka bikomera cane: Kuzuza imivyimba yuguruye mu ruhome rwo gukingira beton canke rw’amabuye n’isima y’amazi bifunga imirongo yonyene yasigaye aho amazi yafunzwe yariko arasohoka, bikongera umuvuduko w’amazi inyuma y’uruhome.
• Uburyo bwo gusanura bwemewe n’ubuhinga bw’ubutaka (Bwateguwe n’umuhinga w’umwuga [PE] afise uruhusha ku mpome zirenga metero 1 gushika kuri 1,2 / amafuti 3 gushika kuri 4):
• Gusenya no gusubira kwubaka hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwo gukomeza ubutaka n’ugukura amazi: Gucukura uruhome rwananiwe, gushiramwo umugende w’amazi w’ibirenge wa PVC upfutse mu mabuye y’agaciro #57 yamenetse azingiwe mu mpuzu y’iyunguruzo y’ivu idaboshe (kugira ngo uhagarike gukura ivu ry’ivu ry’ivu ry’ivu n’ivu high-strength polymer geogrid mesh igera kuri metero 1,5 gushika kuri 3 (amafuti 5 gushika kuri 10) igasubira mu mfuruka y’amabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo ubutaka bwose bukore nk’igice kimwe c’uburemere bw’isi.
• Ivyuma vy’ugufatanya canke imisumari y’ubutaka: Ku mpome za beton canke z’ibiti ziremereye zidakomeretse ariko zitangura kwiheka, abahinga mu bijanye n’ugushinga umushinge bacukura ivyuma birebire inkoni z’ugufatanya zica mu maso y’uruhome ku mfuruka ija hasi y’amametero 4 gushika kuri 9 mu nyuma (13) isi iri hirya y’indege y’ugunyerera, igakingira mu maso n’ibipande vy’ivyuma bikomeye vy’ivyuma.
• Igiseke ca Gabion canke riprap toe buttressing: Ku bijanye n’ugutera imbere kw’imisozi ata ruhome rusanzwe, kwimba urutoke rudashikamye no guteranya ibibanza vy’intsinga bikomeye vyuzuye amabuye y’agaciro y’amasentimetero 10 gushika kuri 20 (4- gushika ku 8-inch) mu gihe ibiseke vy’amabuye y’agaciro vy’amabuye y’agaciro vy’amabuye y’agaciro vy’amabuye y’agaciro vy’amabuye y’agaciro (**ibiseke vy’amabuye y’agaciro vy’amabuye y’agaciro) gushingira urutoke n’uburemere bwinshi cane bupfuye.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Noba nkwiye kuguma kure gute y’uruhome rwo gukingira rwihetse canke rwuzuye?¶

Abahinga mu vy’ubuhinga bw’ubutaka n’ibigo vy’ubutabazi barashiraho ahantu hatoyi cane ho gukingira ugusenyuka kungana n’incuro 1,5 z’uburebure bw’uruhome rwo gukingira, bupimwa hanze kuva ku rutoke rw’imbere rwo hasi rw’uruhome no inyuma kuva ku mutwe w’uruhome rwo hejuru. Nk’akarorero, nimba uruhome rw’amabuye canke rw’amabuye y’agaciro rufise uburebure bwa metero 2 (amafuti 6,5), utegerezwa kugumiza abantu bose, ibikoko vyo mu nzu, n’imiduga ihagaze nibura metero 3 (amafuti 10) kure y’imbere y’uruhome n’amafuti 3 (amafuti 10) inyuma uvuye ku ruhande rwo hejuru, kubera ko uruhome rudakora neza be n’uruhande rwo hanze rw’uruhome rwose. ikirenge mu masegonda atarenga abiri.

Noshobora gushingira intahe uruhome rw’amabuye canke rw’ibiti rwo gukingira n’ibiti 2x4 canke amajaki?¶

Oya, ntukigere ugerageza gushigikira ibuye ryishimikije, ibuye rya beton canke uruhome rwo gukingira inzira y’igariyamoshi uhereye imbere ukoresheje ibiti vy’ibiti canke ibikoresho vyo gukingira ivyuma vyo mu nzu. Mbere n’agace gatoyi k’uburebure bwa metero 1,2 (amafuti 4) k’ivu ry’umusozi ryuzuye, gakoresha ibiro 5.000 gushika ku 15.000 (amapawundi 11.000 gushika ku 33.000) vy’inguvu zo mu ruhande zizotuma ibiti vy’ingero zibiri ku bine bifatanya nk’ibiti vy’amenyo n’ibindi. guhagarara hafi y’uruhome; ibikorwa vyihutirwa vyonyene bifise umutekano ni ugukuraho ahantu hasenyutse, gukuraho imodoka ku nzira yo hejuru, no guhindura amazi yo hejuru akava mw’ivu riri inyuma y’uruhome.

Ni kubera iki uruhome rwanje rwo kunkingira rwacitse bukwi na bukwi canke rugasenyuka mu gihe c’imvura nyinshi maze mpagaze neza imyaka 15?¶

Inkuta zikingira uruhome hafi y’igihe cose zirananirwa bukwi na bukwi inyuma y’imyaka myinshi zihagaze kubera ko inkingi y’amazi y’amabuye y’agaciro yahambwe be n’ibinogo vyo hasi vy’amarira biri inyuma y’uruhome bigenda birazibira buhorobuhoro mu myaka cumi n’ivu ryiza ry’ibumba, imizi y’ibiti be n’ibintu biboze. Igihe inzira y’amazi yihishije ipfutse, imvura nyinshi ikurikira canke urubura rwo mu mpera z’umwaka rwuzuza ubutaka buri inyuma y’uruhome amazi yo mu butaka, ivyo bikaba bituma uburemere bw’ubutaka bugira kabiri, bigatuma amazi menshi cane aguma ari munsi y’uruhome, bigatuma ubutaka buhinduka. gufata n’ugushikana.

Mbega ubwishingizi bw’abafise inzu burakingira uruhome rwo gukingira canke inzira y’imodoka yasenyutse?¶

Ivyiyumviro vy’ubwishingizi vy’abafise inzu hafi kw’isi yose ntibishiramwo ingorane ziterwa n’ugusenyuka kw’isi, ugusenyuka kw’ubutaka, ugusenyuka kw’ubutaka, umuvuduko w’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka, n’umwuzure wo ku butaka, bisobanura ko uruhome rwo gukingira amazi rusenyuka kubera ubutaka bwuzuye imvura canke umugende w’amazi upfutswe n’uruhome rwuzuye igiti canke imodoka yaguye, canke utwaye ivyemezo vy’umwuzure canke vy’uguhinduka kw’isi bitandukanye. Ariko rero, nimba umuyoboro w’amazi wo mu nzu ukoresheje umukazo wo mu rugo rwawe waturikiye bukwi na bukwi ari wo watumye amazi ayozwa, hari amategeko ashobora gukingira ivyo gusanura aho umuntu ashobora gushika; wama ufotora neza aho hantu kandi usuzume amatangazo yawe y’amategeko imbere y’uko utangura kwimba.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ishirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi ry’ubutaka ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USGS): Igitabo c’ivy’ugusenyuka kw’ubutaka: Inyobora yo gutahura ivy’ugusenyuka kw’ubutaka (ugusenyuka kw’ubutaka guhinduka, ugusenyuka kw’umutwe, ugusenyuka kw’amazi yo hejuru, n’ibimenyetso vy’imburi vy’uko ubutaka buri hafi gusenyuka).
• Ubuyobozi bw’Imihanda Mikuru ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (FHWA, Igisata c’Ivy’Itwara abantu n’ibintu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Guhingura no kwubaka Inkuta z’Isi zikomeye n’Imirongo y’Ivu Ikomeye (FHWA-NHI-10-024) na Ingingo ngenderwako zo gukuraho amazi n’imiyoboro y’amazi.
• Inama Mpuzamakungu y'Itegeko (ICC): Itegeko Mpuzamakungu ry'Inyubako (IBC) Igice ca 1807 (Inkuta zikingira) na Itegeko Mpuzamakungu ry'Ivy'Uburaro (IRC) Igice ca R404.4 (ibintu vyo gukingira no gusenyuka, ibisabwa mu gukura amazi, n'amahera y'uruhusha rwo gukingira inkuta).
• Ishirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’abahinga mu vy’amabuye y’agaciro (NCMA): Igitabo c’imiterere y’inkuta zikingira amabuye (ingaruka z’umuvuduko w’amazi, ubuhinga bwo gufunga imyobo y’amarira n’ubuhinga bwo gufunga ivyuma, n’imitwaro y’inyongera y’ibinyabiziga bihagaze).
• Ikigo kijejwe ubuzima n’umutekano (HSE, Ubwongereza) n’ikigo c’abahinga mu vy’imibumbe (IStructE): Ugushikama kw’inkuta zikingira amabuye: Gusuzuma, uturere two gukingira abantu bose, no kwirinda gusenyuka.
• Ikigo ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe gucungera ibihe vy’ivyihutirwa (FEMA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Igitabo c’abafise inzu ku bijanye no kugabanya ugusenyuka kw’ubutaka n’ugusenyuka kw’imisozi n’amategeko agenga umutekano wo gusenyuka kw’imigende y’umwuzure.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Ivyuka vy'ubutaka n'ivy'ivu: ibimenyetso vy'imburi n'uguhunga
• Ubutaka bw'ibumba bwagutse, ugusenyuka kw'amapfa, n'ugusaduka kw'umushinge
• Ibimenyetso vy'imburi vyonona inyubakwa n'ugusenyuka
• Imyuzure y'agahomerabunwa: gukira ubwo nyene n'ivyago vyo mw'ibarabara
• Gutahura gazi ivuza n'ugufunga vyihutirwa
• Ububiko bw'inomero z'ivyihutirwa