Umuriro w'amatara y'izuba yo hejuru y'urusengero, amakosa y'umuriro w'inverter, n'ubushuhe bwo mu nzu buhunga¶

Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’izuba (PV) vyo mu nzu n’ivyo mu garaje Ivyuma vyo kubika ingufu z’amabateri (BESS), akenshi vyitwa inkuta z’amabateri yo mu nzu canke amabateri y’izuba yo mu nzu yose, bihindura inzu kuva ku gukoresha umuyagankuba udakora, ikaba uruganda rukora. Naho ubuhinga bw’izuba n’ubw’amabateri bushizweho neza bukora ata nkomanzi mu myaka mirongo, burazana ingorane zibiri z’amashanyarazi n’iz’imiti zigira inyifato itandukanye cane n’iy’amashanyarazi asanzwe mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa: ugukomeza gutanga amashanyarazi y’umuriro munini (DC) igihe cose umuco uteye ku gisenge c’umuyagankuba, n’umuco utera igisenge c’umuyagankuba **thili-ther.

Iyo nyen’inzu ahinduye umuyagankuba wiwe w’amashanyarazi w’ama-amp 200 ngo UZIME mu gihe c’umuriro usanzwe wo mu nzu, umugozi wose uri mu mpome urapfa. Ku nzu ifise izuba, ntushobora kuzima izuba. Naho umaze guhindura AC Solar Breaker mu gipande cawe nyamukuru maze ukazimya inverter, ibipande vy’izuba biri ku gisenge cawe birabandanya gutanga 300 gushika ku 600 volts z’umuriro utaziguye (DC) igihe cose umuco wo ku murango, canke mbere amatara y’umuriro akeye, akayangana ku bipande vy’ibirahuri, kiretse iyo systeme ipfutse. n’ugutuma umuriro wo ku gisenge ugabanuka munsi ya 30 volts. Iyo ibifatanya ibikoresho vya MC4 bidahuye canke bimeze neza, intsinga z’imirongo zitaye nk’inzoka, canke ibikoresho vy’uguhindura umuriro bifise ubumara bitera urutonde rw’ibintu DC arc fault, umuriro ukomeza gukomeza umuriro w’uburebure bwa degre 3.000-Celsius (umuriro w’uburebure bwa degre 5.400 nk’uw’uburebure bwa plasma-zero) gushonga biciye mu bipande vy’ivyuma vy’aluminium no gucana ibipande vy’igisenge vy’amabuye y’agaciro. Ico gihe nyene, iyo uruhome rw’amabateri yo mu nzu y’amasaha 10 gushika ku 30 y’amabateri y’amasaha 10 gushika ku 30 rwo mu garaje rushikiwe n’ikibazo c’imbere mu gice c’umubiri canke c’amazi y’umwuzure, ruca rusohora ibicu vyinshi vy’imyuka yera, ishobora kwaka (**hydrogène, carbone demonoxyde, na) igisasu c’amavuta n’ikirere imbere y’uko imbeya ziboneka zishobora kuboneka. Kumenya ingene wotera umuyagankuba wo hanze wa PV Rapid Shutdown, igituma udategerezwa kwigera uzamuka ku gisenge canke ngo ufumbire umuyoboro wo mw’itongo ku muriro w’izuba, n’ingene woca uhunga iyo uruhome rwa bateri yo mu nzu ruvuza induru canke rusohora umwotsi mweru bikiza ubuzima.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

Niwabona umwotsi, ibishashi canke imbeya ziva ku bikoresho vy’izuba vyo hejuru y’urusengero rwawe, ku gasandugu k’inverter y’imirongo ku ruhome rwawe, canke ku kibanza co kubikamwo amabateri ya litiyumu-iyoni mu garaje yawe canke mu cumba c’amazi, nuce ukora ibi bikorwa bitandatu ubwo nyene:

1. NTUKIGEZE uduga ku gisenge canke ngo ufumbire umuyoboro w’itongo ku nzira y’amatara y’izuba canke inverter: Amatara y’izuba n’umuyoboro wayo w’umuyagankuba uri munsi yayo biguma bifise inguvu zishika ku 600 volts DC igihe cose umuco uteye ku matara. Kuyobora umugezi ukomeye w’amazi yo mu ruzi ava mu nzira y’amazi yo mw’itongo akaja ku nzira y’izuba y’amashanyarazi y’amavolte 600 isadutse, bituma umuyagankuba wica ugororoka umanuka mu mugezi w’amazi ukaja mu biganza vyawe, bigatuma umutima wawe uhita uhungabana canke ugafunga imitsi yawe ku nzira y’amazi.
2. Nimba uruhome rwa bateri yo mu nzu mu garage yawe ruriko ruravuza induru, ruriko ruraturika, ruriko ruravyimba, canke ruriko rurasohoka umwotsi w’umweru/umweru, MUVUKE UBWO nyene kandi ntugende kuri bateri kugira ngo uhindure umuyagankuba wayo: Bateri yo mu nzu iriko iravuza induru canke ivuza umwotsi iri mu nzira ikora si thermal gas fiud of hydrogen is (\(H_2\)), umuyagankuba (\(CO\)), n’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba (\(HF\)). Kugenda uja ku kabati k’amabateri kugira ngo ukande buto yayo y’umuriro yo mu ruhande bigushira mu karere k’ibisasu vy’ibicu vy’umwotsi biri hafi.
3. Siga urugi runini rw’igaraje rufunguye nimba rwamaze gufungurwa, canke usohoke mu muryango w’imbere utafyonda ku gikoresho co gufungura urugi rw’igaraje c’umuyagankuba: Nimba bateri y’igaraje yawe iriko irasohora gazi yera mu garaje yugarijwe, gukanda buto y’uruhome rw’igaraje y’iburyo y’uruhome rw’umuyagankuba. Kura umuntu wese mu nzu uciye mu muryango w’imbere n’amaguru kandi ugume kure y’umuryango w’igaraje (ukora nk’aho umuyaga wo gukingira igisasu iyo gaze igurutse).
4. Nimba ivyihutirwa biri ku GISENGE canke INVERTER (kandi ATARI bateri izimya gazi iri iruhande nyene y’ibikoresho), fungura umuriro wo hanze w’izuba ry’ugufunga vuba (RSD) n’ibara ry’izuba ry’inyuma ry’izuba ry’inyuma: Genda uja ku kibanza cawe co hanze c’ibara ry’umuyagankuba. Gukubita igizinu c’umutuku Igikoresho co gufunga vuba ca PV (canke ukure igikoresho co hanze igikoresho co guhagarika izuba ca AC ku kibanza ca OFF). Ku bikoresho vya none vyubahiriza amategeko (NEC 690.12), guca ubushobozi bwa AC canke gutera buto Rapid Shutdown bica bikuraho ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none biri ku gisenge, bikagabanya ubushobozi bw’amashanyarazi buja munsi ya 30 volts mu masegonda atarenga 30.
5. Hamagara abajejwe ivy’ivyihutirwa uri nibura ku metero 30 (100 feet) hejuru y’umuyaga maze ubwire uwugurungika vyihariye ko ufise ivyihutirwa vy’IZUBA canke HOME BATTERY WALL: Hamagara abo mu karere iwanyu inomero z'ivyihutirwa (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza). Vuga neza: "Dufise [umuriro w'izuba wo hejuru / umuriro w'inverter / ubushuhe bwo mu nzu bwa litiyumu-ion] kuri [aderesi]; inzu ifise izuba ryo hejuru n'uburyo bwo kubika amabateri [y'ibara/kWh] mu [garaje / mu nzu yo munsi y'ubutaka / uruhome rw'inyuma]."
6. Guma abo mu muryango bose, ibikoko vyo mu nzu, n’ababanyi bari hejuru y’umuyaga bava mu mwotsi: Umwotsi uva ku bipande vy’inyuma vy’amatara y’izuba (tedlar/fluoropolymers) n’amazi y’amabateri ya litiyumu-ion arimwo ubumara hydrogène fluoride (\(HF\)) n’ibihimba vy’ivyuma biremerera. Guhumeka mbere n’umwotsi mutoyi w’amabateri bituma umuntu agira ububabare bukomeye bw’amahaha buterwa n’imiti (amazi ari mu mahaha); urondere ubwo nyene gusuzumwa n’abaganga nimba hari uwahumetse uwo mwotsi.

Igiti c'ingingo y'ubuhinga ku zuba PV n'ivyihutirwa vy'amabateri yo mu nzu¶

Koresha iki giti c’ingingo y’ibikorwa kugira ngo wishure ata nkomanzi umuriro w’izuba wo hejuru y’urusengero, ikosa ry’umuriro w’inverter/isolator, canke ubushuhe bwo mu nzu bwo kubika amabateri ataco ushikiwe n’umuyagankuba canke gukomeretswa n’ibisasu.

flowchart TD
    Start["Umwotsi, Arcing, Popping, Umunuko w'imiti, canke imbeya mu zuba PV canke mu nzu y'amabateri"] --> Source{"1. Ni igice ikihe kiriko kirananirwa?"}
    Source -->|"A. Uruhome rwa Bateri yo mu nzu (BESS) Ruvuga, rushushe, canke rusohora umwotsi"| NoApproach["NTUKEGERE BATERI: Igitero c'amazi n'ubumara bwa HF"]
    NoApproach --> EvacHouse["Gukura abantu bose bari mu nzu n’ibikoko vyo mu nzu biciye ku muryango w’imbere (NTUKORESHE igifunguruzo c’umuryango w’igaraje c’umuyagankuba); kwimuka 30m+ (100 ft+) mu muyaga"]
    EvacHouse --> MeterClear{"Mbega igipimo c’inyuma c’amazi / Rapid Shutdown kiri ku ruhome rwitandukanye nta mwotsi wa bateri?"}
    MeterClear -->|"Ego: Hanze biratomoye neza"| PullMeter["Kurura AC Solar / ESS Gukuraho Lever ku OFF hanyuma ukande buto y'umutuku yo gufunga vuba"]
    MeterClear -->|"Oya: Imbere mu garaje canke hafi y'umwotsi"| LeaveSwitches["Siga ama switch yose ataco akoze; rindira igisata c'umuriro HazMat n'abakozi ba moteri"]
    Source -->|"B. Amatara y’izuba yo hejuru y’urusengero canke Inverter y’uruhome Gunywa itabi/Gutera umuriro"| StayOffRoof["1. NTUKIGEZE uduga ku gisenge canke ngo ufumbire amazi y’itongo ku bikoresho vy’izuba<br/>2. Kwirukana umuryango hanze"]
    StayOffRoof --> ShutSolar["Ku ruhome rw'inyuma rw'imetero (niba ata muriro uhari):<br/>1. Gutera umutuku PV Guhagarika vuba<br/>2. Gukura AC Izuba Gukuraho Igikoresho OFF<br/>3. Hindukiza Igikoresho Gikuru c'Izuba mu Gipande Nyamukuru"]
    ShutSolar --> TurnOffDC["Iyo gusa Inverter ITARIKO iranywa itabi/iriko iratera: Hindukiza umuriro w’umuyagankuba w’umuriro w’umuyagankuba kugira ngo uzime"]
    PullMeter --> Call911["Hamagara 911 / 112 / 999: Ugire inama uwurungika izuba ryo hejuru y'urusengero + aho amabateri ya litiyumu ari"]
    LeaveSwitches --> Call911
    TurnOffDC --> Call911

Igereranyo: uturere 3 tw'izuba dushobora gusenyuka n'ingorane zavyo zidasanzwe¶

Igikoresho co mu nzu gikoresha izuba hamwe n’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi gifise uturere dutatu dutandukanye tw’amashanyarazi. Buri zone irananirwa mu buryo butandukanye kandi isaba umurongo wihariye wo kwitandukanya n’abandi.

Deep dive 1: Umuriro w’amatara y’izuba yo hejuru y’urusengero, imirongo y’ivyuma bifatanya MC4, n’igituma umuriro wa DC wica cane¶

Itohoza ry’abahinga ry’inyuma y’umuriro ryakozwe n’ikigo Ikigo c’Igihugu c’Izuba ca BRE (Ubwongereza), Fraunhofer ISE (Ubudage), na UL Solutions (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) ryerekana ko ibice birenga 70 kw’ijana vy’umuriro w’izuba wo hejuru y’urusengero udatangura imbere mu bikoresho vy’izuba vy’ibirahuri ubwavyo; batangura mu amawaya y’umuyagankuba, mu bifatanya amabarabara ya MC4, no mu bihimba vy’umuyagankuba vyo hejuru vy’umuyagankuba vyihishijwe munsi y’ibipande.

Kubera iki imirongo y'amashanyarazi (DC) iturika nk'itara ry'ugusudira¶

Mu nzira y’amashanyarazi y’amavolte 120 canke 230 Alternating Current (AC) yo mu nzu yawe, iyo nkuru irahinduka incuro 50 canke 60 buri segonda, ica mu zero volts incuro 100 gushika kuri 120 ku segonda. Igihe cose umuriro wa AC ujabutse zero, umuriro w’umuyagankuba urazima mu buryo busanzwe mu kiringo c’isegonda imwe, ivyo bikaba bituma umuriro w’umuyagankuba uba muto cane kandi bikaba vyoroshe ko abaciramwo umuriro bawuciramwo.

Igikoresho c’amashanyarazi (DC) kiva ku gicapo c’izuba ntikijabuka zero volts. Iyo igikoresho co gufatanya MC4 kiri munsi y’igicapo c’izuba gikwega gatoyi kubera ukwaguka kw’ubushuhe n’ugucika intege (gushuha kugeza kuri 70°C / 158°F buri muhingamo no gukonja mw’ijoro), canke igihe igikoko c’umukara gica mu DC0 umugozi w'urudodo: - Igikoresho c’umuriro gikomeza kija mu nzira imwe kirasimbuka ico kinogo maze kigatera uruzitiro rwa plasma rwa DC rukomeye ku degre 3.000 za Celsius (degre 5.400 za Fahrenheit), rukaba ruhuye n’ubuhinga bwa fizike bw’umuhinga mu vy’ugusudira uruzitiro rw’umuriro w’inganda. - Ico gicapo kirashonga inzu y’ipulasitike ya MC4, kigahindura umugozi w’umuringa, kigaca mu gicapo c’ivyuma vy’izuba vy’aluminiyumu, kigatera ivyuma vyera bishushe bica ku mababi yumye, ku vyari vy’inyoni no ku bipande vy’igisenge vy’amabuye y’agaciro bifunzwe munsi y’ivyo bikoresho.

Uko wokuraho inguvu z'izuba hasi (Intambwe ku yindi)¶

Umuntu wese afise inzu afise amatara y’izuba yo hejuru akwiye kurondera ama switch yiwe yo hanze imbere y’uko haba ikintu gikomeye. Bivanye n’igihe sisitemu yawe yashizweho be n’uko ikoresha Microinverters, Ivyuma bihindura ubushobozi bwa DC bifise inverter y’imirongo, canke Inverter y’imirongo ya kera itatunganijwe neza, gufunga sisitemu bikora gutya:

   [EXTERIOR SOLAR EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SEQUENCE]

   Locate Utility Meter Wall on Outside of House:

   +------------------------+     +------------------------+
   | [Red Mushroom Button]  |     |  [Metal Lever Box]     |
   |  PV RAPID SHUTDOWN     |     |  AC SOLAR DISCONNECT   |
   |  (Push Inward)         |     |  (Pull Handle DOWN)    |
   +-----------+------------+     +-----------+------------+
               |                              |
               +--------------+---------------+
                              v
      Drops Rooftop Voltage to <30V in 30 Seconds
      on Modern Code-Compliant Systems (NEC 690.12)

1. Intambwe ya 1: Gukoresha Inyuma PV Rapid Shut / AC Izuba Guhagarika:
2. Tambura hanze uja ku gipimo cawe nyamukuru c’amashanyarazi. Inyuma y'igipimo, rondera akazu k'icuma kanditsweko "GUTANGA UBURYO BW'IZUBA" / "UBUTUMWA BW'IZUBA" na/canke ubuto butukura bukeye bufise ubuto bundiko "UBUTUMWA BW'UBUTUNGANE BW'IZUBA BW'IZUBA."
3. Sunika buto ya Rapid Shutdown itukura imbere hanyuma ukure igikoresho c’icuma kiri ku gasandugu ka AC Solar Disconnect ugororotse MANSI ku kibanza ca OFF.
4. Ivyo ivyo bikora kuri systems za none (zashizweho inyuma ya 2017 gushika 2020 muri Amerika ya ruguru):
   • Iyo igisenge cawe gikoresha Microinverters (aho igipande cose c’izuba gihindura DC mu AC munsi y’igisenge), gukurura AC Solar Disconnect bica bitera ubwo nyene relay y’ama microinverters irwanya islanding, igafunga amashanyarazi ku gipande cose kiri ku gisenge mu gihe kitarenga isegonda 1.
   • Niba igisenge cawe gikoresha DC Power Optimizers canke Rapid Shutdown Receivers, guca ikimenyetso co kugenzura AC bituma buri sandugu y’ibice vyo hejuru y’igisenge igabanya ubushobozi bwayo ku buryo butekanye 1 volt ku gipande (munsi y’amavolt 30 yose hamwe ku murongo wose) mu masegonda 30.
5. Intambwe ya 2: Hindukiza "Izuba / PV Breaker" imbere mu gipande cawe c'amashanyarazi:
6. Ugurure isandugu yawe nyamukuru y’ugucapura mu rugo. Mu mpera cane y'umurongo wa bisi (iteganye n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi 200A), urondere umurongo w'amashanyarazi w'amabara abiri wanditsweko ikimenyetso c'umutuku kivuga ngo "SOLAR PV DISCONNECT" / "BACKFED SOLAR BREAKER" hanyuma ugihindure OFF.
7. Intambwe ya 3: Hindukiza umuriro wo gukuraho umuriro w’amashanyarazi (Rotary DC) ku Inverter ku OFF (GUSA iyo inverter ubwayo ikonjeje kandi itagira ico yononekaye):
8. Hasi canke ku ruhande rw’agasanduku k’umuhinduzi w’umurongo hariho uruzitiro rwirabura canke rw’umutuku ruzunguruka rwanditsweko DC DISCONNECT (ON / OFF).
9. ITEGEKO RY’UMUTEKANO RIKOMEYE: Nimba inverter box canke rotary DC switch iriko irafuha umwotsi, iriko iravuza induru, iriko iranuka nk’ipulasitike yaturitse, canke yerekana ko ubushuhe buhinduka ibara, NTUKIKOREHO. Guhindura umuyagankuba w’ivyuma vy’umuriro (DC isolator) vyononekaye kandi vy’ubukonje, birashobora gutuma amakontakte yo mu mutima akora canke agaturika mu gihe c’umuriro w’umuriro. Kubera ko waramaze kuzimya umuriro wa AC mu ntambwe ya 1 na 2, inverter irasanzwe iri ku zero amperes (zero current flow), igahagarika ubushuhe burengeje urugero utakoze ku muvuduko wa DC.

Kwibira kure cane 2: Uruhome rwa bateri yo mu nzu (BESS) ubushuhe buhunga n'ibiturika vy'umwotsi wo mu garage¶

Amamiliyoni y’abafise inzu bariko barafatanya izuba ryo hejuru y’urusengero n’ibikoresho bihagaze Ibikoresho vyo kubika inguvu z’amabateri ya Lithium-Ion (BESS) kuva ku 10 gushika ku 40+ kilowatt-hours (kWh) bishizwe ku mpome z’amagaraje, ivyumba vyo munsi y’ubutaka, canke ku bipande vyo hanze. Kugira ngo ubwo bushobozi bw’inguvu buboneke neza: uruhome rumwe rw’amabateri yo mu nzu afise ubushobozi bwa 13,5 kWh rufise inguvu zingana n’iza amabateri 450 y’ama laptop ashizwe mu kabati kamwe k’icuma.

LFP (Litiyumu Icuma Fosifate) n'NMC (Nikele Manganese Kobalt) mu guhunga kw'ubushuhe¶

Inkuta z’amabateri yo mu nzu zikoresha kimwe mu bikoresho bibiri vy’ubuhinga bwa litiyumu: NMC (Litiyumu Nikele Manganese Kobalt Oxide) canke LFP (Litiyumu Iron Fosfate). Naho amabateri ya LFP afise ubushuhe bwo gutangura guhunga burengeye ubw’ubushuhe kandi akaturika cane kuruta amabateri ya NMC, ivyigwa vy’umuriro vy’urugero runini vya UL 9540A vyerekana ko **igihe amabateri ya LFP agira ubushuhe buhunga ataco ahita aguruka) asohora umuyagankuba mwinshi w’umuyagankuba witwa mono_$ hydrogène (COH\() (COH\)) ushobora guturika. gutuma haba akaga gakomeye k’uguturika mu kibanza gikingijwe imbere mu garage.

Inkubi y'umuyaga n'amazi y'umwuzure yibika inkuta z'amabateri yo mu nzu¶

(Gulf of Mexico) - Igituma amazi y’umunyu atuma umuriro w’amabateri ucererwa: Amazi y’umunyu ni ikintu gishobora gutwara umuriro cane. Iyo amazi y’umwuzure aduze hejuru y’ikidodo co hasi c’uruhome rw’amabateri rushizwe mu garaje (mu bisanzwe rushirwa ku masentimetero 60 gushika ku 120 / amafuti 2 gushika ku 4 uvuye hasi), amazi y’umunyu ashobora gutwara umuriro arazibira amabisi y’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba w’umuriro mwinshi maze agaca agira ububabare ku bijanye n’ugucungera amabateri (BMS). Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba bitanga gaze y’iyidrojene mu gihe ubushuhe butagira aho bugarukira butuma izo nsoro ziri mu mazi zihunga, rimwe na rimwe amasaha 24 gushika kuri 72 inyuma y’aho amazi asohokeye. - Itegeko ry'umwuzure: Nimba amazi y'umwuzure yakoze canke akaroha igice ico ari co cose c'ububiko bw'amabateri yo mu nzu yawe canke inverter y'izuba: 1. Ntukigere winjira mu garage yuzuye amazi (amazi ahagaze ashobora guhabwa inguvu n’umuriro wa bateri 400V DC). 2. Ntukigere ugerageza gusubira gucana bateri amazi amaze gusubira inyuma. 3. Hamagara 911 / 112 / 999 ubwo nyene niwaba wumva ijwi ry’ibibumbano, ry’ibibumbano, canke ubonye umwotsi/umwotsi uduga uva muri bateri itose, hanyuma ushikire umurongo w’ivyihutirwa w’umuhinguzi wa bateri kugira ngo umuhinga mu vy’ubuhinga bwo gukingira ingorane akureho igikoresho cari giteye akaga.

Ivyuka bikomeye 3: Ivyago vyo mu nyuma y’umuriro, aside y’ubumara (\(HF\)), n’inguvu zigumye¶

Naho abazimya umuriro bamaze kuzimya imbeya ku gisenge gikoreshwa n’izuba canke gukonjesha uruhome rw’amabateri yo mu nzu yaturitse, hariho ingorane zibiri zikomeye zishobora gushika inyuma y’aho ibintu bibereye ziguma ku butaka bwawe:

1. Inguvu z'umuyagankuba n'ugusubira gucana:
2. Ku Gisenge: Amatara y’izuba yononekaye n’umuriro, afise amakara, afise ibirahuri vy’umuriro vyamenetse, aracariko aratanga amajana y’amavolte y’amashanyarazi yica bukeye mu gitondo izuba rikimara kurasa. Ntukigere ukora ku bikoresho vy’izuba vyakozwe n’amakara, ku nsinga zimanitse, canke ku binogo vy’amazi vy’ivyuma inyuma y’umuriro wo ku gisenge. Umuhinga mu vy’amashanyarazi akoresha izuba afise uruhusha yambaye amaganzu y’amashanyarazi y’amavolte 1.000 ategerezwa gucapura, gufatanya, no gupfuka canke gukuraho ivyo bihimba vyononekaye.
3. Mu Ruhome rwa Bateri: Amabateri ya Lithium-ion arimwo amajana y’ibice vy’ingingo z’umubiri. Naho umuriro wa bateri umaze gusa n’uwukanye cane hanze, ubushuhe bufunzwe imbere mu bihimba vy’umubiri bitaturitse bifatanye burashobora gutuma ubushuhe bushobora guhunga amasaha 12 gushika ku misi myinshi. Abazimya umuriro barakurikirana inkuta z’amabateri yaturitse bakoresheje amakamera afata amashusho y’ubushuhe gushika aho abakozi bajejwe gukuraho imyanda iteye akaga baciye mu mazi canke bagatwara iyo paki hanze.
4. Aside y’amazi (\(HF\)) n’ivu ry’ivyuma bikomeye:
5. Ivyo bipande vyose bibiri vy’inyuma vy’amatara y’izuba (polyvinyl fluoride / Tedlar) n’ivyo bikoresho vy’umuyagankuba vy’amabateri y’iyon (\(LiPF_6\), litiyumu hexafluorophosphate) birarekura gazi y’iyidrojeni (\(HF\)) iyo ituriwe, iyo gazi igasenyuka mu mazi yo kuzimya umuriro kugira ngo ikore **aside.hydrofluo
6. Ntukigere ukora ku ivu ry’amabateri, umukungugu, canke ibidengeri vy’amazi bikikuje bateri canke izuba ryaturitse n’ibiganza ataco bimaze. Aside hydrofluorique yinjira mu rukoba ata bubabare buca butera, hanyuma igafatanya calcium na magnesium mu bihimba vy’umubiri n’amaraso, bigatuma umuntu agira ubumuga bukomeye bw’amagufa n’ugupfa kw’amagufa n’ugupfa kw’amagufa. Gusaba abahinga gusukura ibikoresho bishobora gutera akaga imbere yo gusukura igaraje canke inzu yo hejuru inyuma y’umuriro w’ibati canke w’izuba (raba guturika cane no gusukura imiti).

Urutonde rwo kwirinda umuriro w'izuba n'amabateri¶

Kuraho ibintu nyamukuru bitera amakosa y’izuba n’uguhunga kw’ubushuhe bwa bateri mu kurangiza iyi nzira y’ugusuzuma no kwitegura y’ingingo zitandatu:

• Shiraho urusenga rw’icuma rwo gukingira ibikoko rwo ku gisenge cawe: Inzoka, inuma, n’imbeba birakunda gutera ivyatsi mu kinogo gishushe kandi gikingiwe c’amasentimetero 10 (4-inch) munsi y’ibikoresho vy’izuba vyo hejuru y’urusengero no gukarisha amenyo yavyo aguma akura kuri ca PV0-DC-60. Reka uwugushiramwo urusenga rw’ivyuma rwo gukingira ibikoko rwuzuye aluminium canke PVC akikuje urubibi rwose rw’inyuma rw’uruzitiro kugira ngo ahagarike ibikoko n’amababi ahushwa n’umuyaga.
• Gutegura imyaka 3 gushika kuri 5 y'isuzuma ry'ubushuhe bw'infrared / kamera: Ivyuma bifatanya MC4 bipfutse, amadiode y'inyuma adakora neza, n'ibice vy'umubiri (biterwa n'amavyi y'inyoni, imivyimba mito mito, canke igitutu kinini) vyerekana neza ku gicapo c'ubushuhe bw'infrared imbere y'uko kamera y'ubushuhe y'ukwezi ikora.
• Gumana ahantu h'uburebure bwa metero 1 (amafuti 3) "Zero Combustibles" hirya no hino y'ibikoresho bihindura umuriro n'inkuta z'amabateri: Ntukigere uteranya amasandugu y'amakarata agendagenda, ibibindi vy'irangi, ibikoresho vyo gukemura ubwatsi vy'amavuta ya peteroli, canke ibisharizo vy'imisi mikuru ku ruhome rw'amabateri y'igaraje canke inverter y'imirongo. Shiraho ivyuma bikomeye ibipande vy’ugutera imodoka imbere y’amabateri ashizwe mu garage kugira ngo imodoka ikwegera mu garage ntizokwigere itera no gumenagura akazu k’amabateri.
• Shiraho inkengeri y’ubushuhe (mu garage) n’inkengeri y’umwotsi/CO (imbere mu nzu): Inkengeri y’umwotsi ikoreshwa n’amaso akenshi itanga inkengeri y’ibinyoma iva ku mwuka uva mu modoka mu garaje, rero amategeko y’inyubako (IRC R309 / NFPA 855) yerekana ubushuhe n’ubushuhe F°F°14-13. rate-of-rise heat detector mu garage ifatanye n’ibimenyetso vyose vyo mu nzu vy’umwotsi n’umuyagankuba kugira ngo umuryango wawe uvyuka ubwo nyene iyo bateri y’igaraje ishushe cane isaha zitatu z’ijoro.
• Suzuma ibimenyetso vy'imburi vy'umutuku uhoraho "SOLAR PV / BATTERY STORAGE" ku gipimo cawe c'umuyagankuba: Suzuma ko igipimo cawe c'umuyagankuba co hanze n'igipande nyamukuru bifise ibimenyetso bishobora kuzimangana ivyuma bicapuwe canke ibimenyetso vy'umutuku bigaragara bidashobora gushikirwa n'imishwarara ya UV vyerekana aho Rahupiged unit yawe yose iri abazimya umuriro bashitse bababona mu mwiza.
• Suzuma umutekano w’abahinguzi ku inverter yawe, DC isolator, na bateri yo mu nzu: Ivyuma vyinshi mpuzamakungu vy’amabateri yo mu nzu yo kubikamwo litiyumu-ion (harimwo n’ibice vya LG Energy Solution RESU n’ibindi) n’ibihindura DC isolator bizunguruka (OPCPACCUSCK) vyihutirwa, (Ostraliya) umuriro uribuka. Suzuma inomero zawe z'urutonde kuri ubutegetsi kandi ugume ukoresha internet Wi-Fi ya bateri yawe kugira ngo uwuyikora ashobore gusunika ivyagezwe vy’umutekano wa BMS.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Ugukingira Umuriro (NFPA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): *NFPA 70 (Itegeko ry’Igihugu ryerekeye Amashanyarazi Ingingo ya 690.12: Guhagarika vyihuse Ivyuma vy’Umuriro ku Nyubakwa), NFPA 855 (Itegeko ryo Gushiraho Ivyuma vy’Ububiko bw’Inguvu Zidahinduka), n’Ivyuma vy’Umuriro Tacticium-PVIon Solar.
• Underwriters Laboratories / Ikigo c’ubushakashatsi ku bijanye n’umutekano w’umuriro ca UL (UL FSRI, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Uburyo bwo kugerageza UL 9540A bwo gusuzuma ukwiragira kw’umuriro w’ubushuhe mu bikoresho vyo kubika inguvu z’amabateri no mu nyigisho z’uguturika kw’igaraje y’amazu.
• Ishirahamwe ry’Umuriro ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USFA / FEMA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Ivyihutirwa vy’Ivyuma vy’Izuba (Izuba) n’Ivyuma vy’Ububiko bw’Inguvu z’Amabateri ya Lithium-Ion Inyuma y’Umwuzure w’Amazi y’Umunyu.
• Ikigo c’Igihugu c’Izuba ca BRE n’Ikigo c’Ivy’Ingenzi n’Ikoranabuhanga (IET, Ubwongereza): Ivyuma vy’Umuriro n’Ivy’Izuba: Amatohoza n’Impanuro ku Makosa y’Izuba ry’Izuba, Ivyuma bifatanya MC4, n’Ivyuma vy’Izuba.
• Ishirahamwe Mpuzamakungu ry’Abazimya Umuriro (IAFF) n’Itegeko Mpuzamakungu ryerekeye Umuriro (IFC Igice ca 1205 / 1207): Ivyuma vy’Inguvu z’Izuba n’Ivyuma vy’Ububiko bw’Inguvu zo mu Nzu Ivy’Inyuma, Ivy’Ugusohora Impwemu, n’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ibimenyetso.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Bateri ya litiyumu-iyoni irasha: amapikipiki, amatelefone, n'amagare y'umuyagankuba
• Umuriro w'umuyagankuba n'ibisohoka vy'ibishashi
• Igikoresho c'umuyagankuba gica n'ugushuha cane
• Ugukingira umuriro mu nzu no kwirukana
• Electric shock first aid and high-voltage rescue
• Ububiko bw'inomero z'ivyihutirwa