Ọkụ na-agba n'elu mbara igwe, mmejọ inverter Arc, yana ọkụ ụlọ batrị na-agba ọsọ.¶

Ebe obibi fotovoltaic fotovoltaic (PV) arrays na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ** Batrị Energy Storage Systems (BESS) ***, nke a na-akpọkarị mgbidi batrị ụlọ ma ọ bụ batrị anyanwụ nke ụlọ dum, na-agbanwe ụlọ site na onye na-azụ ọkụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ike. Ọ bụ ezie na sistemụ anyanwụ na batrị arụnyere nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ n'enweghị nsogbu ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, ha na-ewebata ihe egwu ọkụ eletrik na kemịkal abụọ na-akpa àgwà dị iche na wiring grid ọkọlọtọ n'oge ihe mberede: ** ọgbọ na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na voltaji Direct Current (DC) mgbe ọ bụla ọkụ dakwasịrị n'elu ụlọ **, na ** lithium-ion batrị na-ekpo ọkụ na-agba ọsọ pụọ-gassing **.

Mgbe onye nwe ụlọ tụgharịrị isi ihe mgbawa ọkụ eletrik 200-amp ka ọ gbanyụọ n'oge ọkụ ụlọ a na-ahụkarị, waya ọ bụla dị n'ime mgbidi na-anwụ. N'ụlọ nwere anyanwụ, ** ị nweghị ike gbanyụọ anyanwụ . Ọbụlagodi mgbe ị tụgharịrị AC Solar Breaker na isi panel gị wee gbanyụọ inverter, ogwe ọkụ dị n'elu ụlọ gị na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta ** 300 ka 600 volts nke Direct Current (DC) dị ka ìhè ehihie, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọkụ ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke, na-enwu na modul iko, ọ gwụla ma usoro ** Nkwụsị ngwa ngwa (RSD) gbadara n'elu ụlọ n'okpuru voltaji. Mgbe ejikọtaghị ọnụ ma ọ bụ tọpụ ihe njikọ nkwụnye MC4 **, eriri squirrel na-ata ahụhụ, ma ọ bụ ihe ngbanwe DC nke mebiri emebi na-emepụta usoro ** DC arc mmejọ **, ihe na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na-akwado 3,000-degree-Celsius (5,400-degree-Fahrenheit) plasma arc nke na-adịghị agabiga site na voltaji panel nke na-agbaze ugbu a, na-agafeghị oke ọkụ eletrik dị ugbu a. asphalt ụlọ shingles. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụrụ na ụgbọala-n'ịnyịnya 10-na-30-kilowatt-hour lithium-ion batrị ụlọ batrị na-ata ahụhụ n'ime cell mkpirisi ma ọ bụ idei mmiri imikpu, ọ na-ekupụta nnukwu igwe ojii nke na-acha ọcha, na-esi ísì ụtọ gases (**hydrogen, carbon monoxide, na carbon monoxide, na hydrogen fluoride ***) nwere ike igbatu bọmbụ na-apụta dị ka mmanụ ọkụ mgbe ọ bụla. Ịmara otú e si kụrie mpụta PV ngwa ngwa mgba ọkụ, gịnị kpatara na ị gaghị arịgoro n'elu ụlọ ma ọ bụ fesa eriri ubi n'ọkụ ọkụ anyanwụ, na otu esi agbapụ ozugbo mgbe mgbidi batrị ụlọ na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-acha ọcha vepo na-azọpụta ndụ.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

Ọ bụrụ na ị hụ anwụrụ ọkụ, ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ọkụ na-abịa site na mbara igwe elu ụlọ gị, igbe inverter na mgbidi gị, ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa batrị lithium-ion dị n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ gị, mee ihe isii ndị a ozugbo:

1. ** Arịgola n'elu ụlọ ma ọ bụ fesa hose ubi n'usoro ọkụ anwụ na-ere ọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe ntụgharị ihu **: Igwe ọkụ na ikuku DC ha na-aga n'ihu na-anọgide na-enweta ume ruo 600 volts DC mgbe ọ bụla ọkụ dakwasịrị akụkụ ahụ. Na-eduzi mmiri mgbata siri ike site na eriri ogige na mgbawa gbawara agbawa, arcing 600-volt DC anyanwụ array na-eduzi ugbu a na-egbu egbu ozugbo na iyi mmiri n'ime aka gị, na-eme ka fibrillation ventricular ozugbo ma ọ bụ kpochie mọzụlụ gị n'elu eriri mmiri.
2. ** Ọ bụrụ na mgbidi batrị ụlọ dị n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala gị na-agba ọsọ, na-agbapụ, ọzịza, ma ọ bụ na-ekupụ uzuoku ọcha / isi awọ, KWESỊRỊ ngwa ngwa ma ghara ịga n'ihu na batrị iji gbanwee ngbanwe ya ***: Batrị ụlọ nke lithium-ion na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ ** ọkụ na-agba ọsọ ** ma na-ejuputa ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na ihe mgbawa igwe ojii ($ CO $ 2 hydrogen gas ), hydrogen . fluoride ($ HF $). Ije ije na kabinet batrị ka ịpị bọtịnụ ike n'akụkụ ya na-etinye gị ozugbo na mpaghara mgbawa nke ihe na-adịghị nso ** vepo-Cloud deflagration **.
3. ** Hapụ nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala emeghere ma ọ bụrụ na ọ meghere, ma ọ bụ pụọ ​​n'ọnụ ụzọ na-enweghị ịpị ọnụ ụzọ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala eletrik ***: Ọ bụrụ na batrị ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na-agbanye gas na-acha ọcha n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala mechiri emechi, ịpị bọtịnụ mgbidi ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na-emepụta ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ozugbo n'elu ụlọ ebe ikuku hydrogen gas na-anakọta. Wepụ onye ọ bụla n'ime ụlọ site n'ọnụ ụzọ dị n'ihu na ụkwụ ma nọrọ n'ọnụ ụzọ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala (nke na-eme ka ikuku mgbawa na-agbawa ma ọ bụrụ na gas na-agbanye).
4. ** Ọ bụrụ na ihe mberede ahụ dị n'elu ụlọ ma ọ bụ INVERTER (na ọ bụghị batrị na-apụ apụ n'akụkụ mgba ọkụ), mee ka mgba ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mpụta na AC Solar Disconnect **: Gaa na mpaghara mita eletrik nke mpụta. Tie ero na-acha uhie uhie ** PV Nkwụsị nkwụsị ngwa ngwa ** (ma ọ bụ dọpụta mpụta ** AC Solar Disconnect lever ** gaa n'ọnọdụ gbanyụọ). Na sistemu na-akwado koodu ọgbara ọhụrụ (NEC 690.12), ịbelata ike AC ma ọ bụ iti bọtịnụ ngwa ngwa mebere elektrọnik ike ọkwa modul n'elu ụlọ, na-agbada voltaji na-eduzi n'okpuru 30 volts n'okpuru 30 sekọnd.
5. ** Kpọọ ọrụ mberede site na opekata mpe mita 30 (100 ụkwụ) elu ma gwa onye na-ezipụ ya kpọmkwem na ị nwere ihe mberede SOLAR PV ma ọ bụ ụlọ batrị ụlọ **: Kpọọ mpaghara gị. nọmba mberede (911 na United States na Canada, 112 gafee European Union, 999 na United Kingdom). Kwuo n'ụzọ doro anya: * "Anyị nwere ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ / ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ / lithium-ion home batter thermal runaway] na [adreesị]; ụlọ ahụ nwere mbara igwe elu ụlọ na usoro nchekwa batrị [brand / kWh] na [ụgbọ ala / okpuru ulo / mpụta mgbidi]."
6. ** Debe ndị ezinaụlọ niile, anụ ụlọ, na ndị agbata obi ka ọ pụọ na anwụrụ ọkụ ***: Anwụrụ ọkụ sitere na azụ azụ azụ nke anyanwụ na-ere ọkụ (tedlar/fluoropolymers) na batrị lithium-ion batrị nwere nsí **hydrogen fluoride (\(HF\)) gas ** na ihe dị arọ metal. Ikuku ọbụna obere vapor batrị na-akpata nnukwu egbu oge kemịkalụ pulmonary edema (mmiri na ngụgụ); chọọ nyocha ahụike ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla kuru uzuzu.

Osisi mkpebi nke dabara maka PV anyanwụ na ihe mberede batrị ụlọ¶

Jiri osisi mkpebi a na-arụ ọrụ iji zaghachi n'enweghị nsogbu na ọkụ anyanwụ dị n'elu ụlọ, mmejọ inverter/isolator arc, ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa batrị ụlọ na-agba ọsọ na-enweghị mmerụ ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ.

flowchart TD
    Start["Anwụrụ ọkụ, ịgba ọkụ, ịgbapụta, ísì kemịkalụ, ma ọ bụ ọkụ na PV anyanwụ ma ọ bụ sistemụ batrị ụlọ"] --> Source{"1. Kedu akụrụngwa na-ada ada?"}
    Source -->|"A. Mgbidi batrị ụlọ (BESS) na-ekpo ọkụ, na-ekpo ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ikuku ikuku"| NoApproach["Abịarula batrị nso: hydrogen na-agbawa agbawa na ihe ize ndụ HF gas na-egbu egbu"]
    NoApproach --> EvacHouse["Wepụ ndị niile bi na anụ ụlọ site n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ (anaghị arụ ọrụ oghere oghere ọkụ eletrik); bugharịa 30m+ (100 ft+) elu"]
    EvacHouse --> MeterClear{"Igwe ihe mpụta nke mpụta / Mgba ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ na mgbidi dị iche ọ na-ekpochapụ anwụrụ ọkụ batrị?"}
    MeterClear -->|"Ee: Kpochapụ kpamkpam n'èzí"| PullMeter["Wepụ AC Solar / ESS Ịkwụsị Lever ka ọ gbanyụọ wee pịa bọtịnụ nkwụsị ngwa ngwa na-acha uhie uhie"]
    MeterClear -->|"Mba: N'ime ebe ndọba ụgbọala ma ọ bụ nso anwụrụ ọkụ"| LeaveSwitches["Hapụ ihe ọkụ ọkụ niile emetụghị; chere maka Fire Department HazMat & Engine Crew"]
    Source -->|"B. Panel nke anwụ n'elu ụlọ ma ọ bụ na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ / ịgba ọkụ"| StayOffRoof["1. Ọ dịghị mgbe arịgoro n'elu ụlọ ma ọ bụ fesa eriri ubi na ogwe anyanwụ<br/>2. Wepụ ezinụlọ n'èzí"]
    StayOffRoof --> ShutSolar["Na Mgbidi Mita Mpụga (ọ bụrụ na ọkụ adịghị): <br/>1. Slap Red PV Nkwụsị nkwụsị ngwa ngwa<br/>2. Kwụpụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ anyanwụ AC gbanyụọ<br/>3. Gbanyụọ Main Solar Breaker na isi panel"]
    ShutSolar --> TurnOffDC["Naanị ma ọ bụrụ na inverter anaghị ese anwụrụ/arcing: Tụgharịa rotary DC Isolator Switch na Inverter ka Gbanyụọ"]
    PullMeter --> Call911["Kpọọ 911/112/999: Nye ndụmọdụ onye na-ebugharị nke Rooftop Solar + Ebe batrị Lithium"]
    LeaveSwitches --> Call911
    TurnOffDC --> Call911

Matrix ntụnyere: mpaghara ọdịda sistemụ anyanwụ 3 na ihe egwu ha pụrụ iche¶

Ebe obibi anyanwụ-gbakwunyere nchekwa nchekwa nwere mpaghara eletrik atọ dị iche iche. Mpaghara ọ bụla na-ada n'ụzọ dị iche ma na-achọ usoro nkewapụ iche.

Miri miri 1: Igwe ọkụ anyanwụ na-agba n'elu ụlọ, njikọ njikọ MC4, yana ihe kpatara DC ugbu a ji egbu egbu¶

Nnyocha nyocha gbasara ọkụ ọkụ nke BRE National Solar Center (United Kingdom), Fraunhofer ISE (Germany), na UL Solutions (United States) na-egosi na ihe karịrị pasentị 70 nke ọkụ anwụ n'elu ụlọ* adịghị amalite n'ime oghere mbara igwe n'onwe ha; ha na-amalite na ** DC wiring, ihe njikọ MC4 nke ubi na-emebi emebi, yana n'elu ụlọ DC isolator switches ** tụba n'okpuru ogwe.

Kedu ihe kpatara arcs Direct Current (DC) ji ọkụ dị ka ọkụ ịgbado ọkụ¶

N'ụkpụrụ ụlọ gị 120-volt ma ọ bụ 230-volt ** Alternating Current (AC) *** wiring, voltaji na-atụgharị azụ na azụ ugboro 50 ma ọ bụ 60 kwa sekọnd, na-agafe ** efu volts 100 ruo 120 ugboro kwa sekọnd**. Oge ọ bụla voltaji AC gafere efu, ọkụ eletrik na-ekpochapụ maka otu millisekọnd, na-eme ka AC arcs dị nkenke ma dị mfe maka ndị na-agbaji sekit ịkwụsịtụ.

Direct Current (DC) site na igwe igwe anaghị agafe efu volts. Mgbe njikọ MC4 rụrụ arụ n'okpuru oghere anyanwụ na-adọpụtụ iche n'ihi mgbasawanye ọkụ na nkwekọrịta (ọkụ ruo 70 ° C / 158 ° F kwa ehihie ma na-ekpo ọkụ n'abalị), ma ọ bụ mgbe squirrel na-ata site na eriri PV PV 40 na waya. - Voltaji otu na-aga n'ihu na-awụlikwa oghere ahụ wee daa ** DC plasma arc na-adịgide adịgide na ** 3,000 degrees Celsius (5,400 degrees Fahrenheit) ***, dabara na physics nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe DC arc welder. - Akụ ahụ na-agbaze ụlọ plastik MC4, na-eme ka waya ọla kọpa na-agbaze, na-agbaze site na aluminom nke anyanwụ panel panel, ma tụba ígwè a wụrụ awụ na-acha ọcha na-ekpo ọkụ ozugbo n'elu akwụkwọ akọrọ, akwụ nnụnụ, na shingles ụlọ asphalt tọrọ n'okpuru usoro ahụ.

Otu esi ewepụ ike anyanwụ na ala n'enweghị nsogbu (Step-by-Step)¶

Onye nwe ụlọ ọ bụla nwere anyanwụ n'elu ụlọ kwesịrị ịchọta mgbanaka mpụ ha na-apụ tupu ihe mberede emee. Dabere na mgbe arụnyere sistemụ gị yana ma ọ na-eji Microinverters, ** DC Power Optimizers with a String Inverter**, ma ọ bụ ** Older Unoptimized String Inverter**, na-emechi sistemụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị a:

   [EXTERIOR SOLAR EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SEQUENCE]

   Locate Utility Meter Wall on Outside of House:

   +------------------------+     +------------------------+
   | [Red Mushroom Button]  |     |  [Metal Lever Box]     |
   |  PV RAPID SHUTDOWN     |     |  AC SOLAR DISCONNECT   |
   |  (Push Inward)         |     |  (Pull Handle DOWN)    |
   +-----------+------------+     +-----------+------------+
               |                              |
               +--------------+---------------+
                              v
      Drops Rooftop Voltage to <30V in 30 Seconds
      on Modern Code-Compliant Systems (NEC 690.12)

1. ** Nzọụkwụ 1: Mee ka mpụ PV ngwa ngwa kwụsịchaa / AC Solar Disconnect ***:
2. Gaa n'èzí gaa n'isi mita ọrụ eletriki gị. N'akụkụ mita ahụ, chọọ igbe igwe igwe akpọrọ " PV SYSTEM DISCONNECT" / "AC SOLAR DISCONNECT" na/ma ọ bụ ihe ngbanwe na-acha uhie uhie na-acha uhie uhie nke akpọrọ " ỌGWỤNWA MKWUO NKE SOLAR PV SYSTEM."
3. ** Pịa bọtịnụ mmechi ngwa ngwa na-acha uhie uhie n'ime ** na ** dọta lever igwe na igbe AC Solar Disconnect ozugbo gbadaa n'ọnọdụ gbanyụọ ***.
4. ** Ihe nke a na-eme na sistemụ ọgbara ọhụrụ (arụnyere mgbe 2017 ruo 2020 na North America) ***:
   • Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ gị na-eji ** Microinverters ** (ebe akụkụ anyanwụ ọ bụla na-atụgharị DC gaa na AC ozugbo n'okpuru panel), ịdọrọ AC Solar Disconnect ozugbo na-akpalite relay microinverters 'na-egbochi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na-emechi ike ọgbọ ọ bụla n'elu ụlọ n'ihe na-erughị 1 sekọnd.
   • Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ gị na-eji ** DC Power Optimizers *** ma ọ bụ ** Ndị na-emechi ngwa ngwa **, ịcha akara njikwa AC na-eme ka igbe modul elu ụlọ ọ bụla tụba mmepụta ya na nchekwa ** 1 volt kwa panel ** (n'okpuru 30 volts ngụkọta n'ofe eriri dum) n'ime sekọnd 30.
5. ** Nzọụkwụ 2: Gbanyụọ "Solar / PV Breaker" azụ azụ n'ime ogwe ọkụ eletrik gị isi ***:
6. Mepee igbe nbibi ụlọ gị bụ isi. N'elu ala nke bọsbar (n'akụkụ isi nke 200A), chọta onye na-agbaji osisi okpukpu abụọ nke ejiri akara uhie na-agụ "SOLAR PV DISCONNECT" / "BaCKFED SOLAR BREAKER" wee tụgharịa ya na ** Gbanyụọ ***.
7. ** Nzọụkwụ 3: Tụgharịa Rotary DC Disconnect Switch na Inverter ka Gbanyụọ (NAANỊ ma ọ bụrụ na inverter n'onwe ya dị jụụ ma ghara imebi) ***:
8. N'okpuru ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ igbe inverter eriri bụ ọkpụkpọ rotary ojii ma ọ bụ uhie nke akpọrọ DC Kwụsị (ON / Gbanyụọ).
9. ** Iwu nchekwa dị oke mkpa ***: Ọ bụrụ na igbe inverter ma ọ bụ mgba ọkụ DC rotary na-ese anwụrụ, na-afụ ụfụ, na-esi ísì dị ka plastik gbara ọkụ, ma ọ bụ na-egosi mgbanwe okpomọkụ, ** emetụla ya aka ***. Ịtụgharị ihe ngbanwe dịpụrụ adịpụ nke mmiri mebiri emebi DC n'okpuru ibu nwere ike ime ka kọntaktị dị n'ime welded ma ọ bụ gbawara n'ime ọkụ arc. N'ihi na ị gbanyụrụ AC breaker na nzọụkwụ 1 na 2, inverter adịlarị na ** efu amperes (zero current flow) ***, na-akwụsị ikpo oke ọkụ na-emetụghị DC mgba ọkụ.

Miri miri 2: Mgbidi batrị ụlọ (BESS) na-agba ọsọ na-agba ọsọ na ebe mgbawa ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala¶

Ọtụtụ nde ndị nwe ụlọ na-ejikọta anyanwụ n'elu ụlọ yana ** Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)** sitere na 10 ruo 40+ kilowatt-hours (kWh) n'elu mgbidi ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, ụlọ ịba uru okpuru ulo, ma ọ bụ siding mpụga. Iji tinye ikike ike ahụ n'echiche: otu mgbidi batrị dị 13.5 kWh na-ejide ike nke batrị laptọọpụ ** 450 juru n'ime otu kabinet metal **.

LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) vs. NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) na thermal runaway¶

Mgbidi batrị ebe obibi na-eji otu n'ime kemịkalụ lithium-ion abụọ: ** NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide)** ma ọ bụ ** LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)**. Ọ bụ ezie na batrị LFP nwere okpomọkụ dị elu na-agba ọsọ na-agba ọsọ ma na-ere ọkụ na-adịghị ike karịa mkpụrụ ndụ NMC, UL 9540A nnukwu ule ọkụ na-egosi na ** mgbe batrị LFP na-agba ọsọ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ebughị ọkụ ozugbo, ha na-ewepụta nnukwu ihe mgbawa hydrogen ($ H_2 \() na carbon monoxide (\) CO-space) nke na-eme ka ikuku dị egwu.

Oké ifufe nke oké ifufe na imikpu mmiri nke mgbidi batrị ụlọ¶

Na-esochi ajọ ifufe dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na nso nso a n'akụkụ Ọwara Mexico na ụgbọ mmiri Atlantic, ọtụtụ ọkụ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala gbanyere ** awa ma ọ bụ ụbọchị ka mmiri idei mmiri latachara *** mgbe mmiri nnu rikpuru mgbidi batrị na ụgbọ ala eletrik. (Gulf of Mexico) - ** Ihe kpatara mmiri nnu ji ebute ọkụ batrị egbu oge ***: Mmiri nnu bụ electrolyte na-eduzi nke ukwuu. Mgbe idei mmiri na-ebili n'elu akara ala nke mgbidi batrị a na-adọba ụgbọala (nke a na-agbanyekarị 60 ruo 120 centimeters / 2 ruo 4 feet site n'ala), mmiri nnu na-eme ka mmiri dị elu na-agbanye ụgbọ ala DC voltaji dị elu ma mebie bọọdụ sekit njikwa batrị (BMS). Electrolysis na-emepụta hydrogen gas ebe ikpo ọkụ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na-eme ka sel ndị ahụ banye n'ime mmiri na-agba ọsọ, mgbe ụfọdụ ** 24 ruo 72 awa mgbe mmiri gachara. - ** Usoro ide mmiri ***: Ọ bụrụ na idei mmiri emetụla ma ọ bụ mebie akụkụ ọ bụla nke nchekwa batrị ụlọ gị ma ọ bụ ihe ntụgharị anyanwụ: 1. Abanyela ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke idei mmiri juputara (mmiri ahụ guzoro nwere ike ịgbanye site na batrị 400V DC ugbu a). 2. Anwala mgbe ọ bụla ịgbanwuo batrị ahụ ozugbo mmiri ahụ laghachiri. 3. Kpọọ 911/112/999 ozugbo ọ bụrụ na ị nụ ka ọ na-agbapụta, na-afụ ụfụ, ma ọ bụ hụ uzuoku/anwụrụ ọkụ na-ebili na batrị mmiri mmiri, ma kpọtụrụ eriri nzaghachi mberede nke ndị nrụpụta batrị ka onye ọrụ hazmat wepu ya n'enweghị nsogbu ma wepụ akụkụ ahụ mebiri emebi.

Miri miri 3: ihe egwu ọkụ gachara, hydrofluoric acid (\(HF\)) na-egbu egbu¶

Ọbụlagodi mgbe ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ menyụchara ọkụ n'elu ụlọ nwere anyanwụ ma ọ bụ mee ka mgbidi batrị ụlọ dị ọkụ, ihe egwu abụọ dị egwu ga-esochi ga-adị n'ụlọ gị:

1. ** Ike Eletrik agbadoro na mgbanye ọkụ ***:
2. ** N'elu ụlọ ***: Igwe ọkụ mebiri emebi, cha cha nke anwụ na-acha ọkụ nwere iko agbajiri agbaji ka na-emepụta ** narị narị volts nke ọkụ eletrik DC na-egbu egbu ** n'ụtụtụ echi ozugbo anyanwụ wara. Emetụla ogwe ọkụ anwụ cha cha, waya kwụgidere, ma ọ bụ gọọwa igwe/oghere mgbada ma ọ bụrụ ọkụ ụlọ. Onye na-ahụ maka ọkụ eletrik nwere ikike nke yi 1,000-volt mkpuchi mkpuchi arc-flash ga-akwụsịrịrị, teepu, ma kpuchie ma ọ bụ wepụ modul mebiri emebi.
3. ** N'ime mgbidi batrị ***: ngwugwu batrị lithium-ion nwere ọtụtụ modul sel n'otu n'otu. Ọbụlagodi mgbe ọkụ batrị pụtara oyi kpamkpam n'èzí, okpomoku ọnyà dị n'ime sel agbaghị ọkụ nwere ike ịkpalite ** egbula oge okpomọkụ nke abụọ awa 12 ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị ka emechara. Ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ na-eji igwefoto onyonyo ọkụ na-enyocha mgbidi batrị gbara ọkụ ruo mgbe ndị ọrụ mgbake ihe mkpofu dị ize ndụ na-emikpu ma ọ bụ bufee mkpọ ahụ n'èzí.
4. ** Hydrofluoric Acid na-emebi emebi (\(HF\)) na nnukwu ígwè Ash**:
5. Abụọ azụ azụ azụ nke anyanwụ (polyvinyl fluoride / Tedlar) na lithium-ion batrị electrolyte ($ LiPF_6 \(, lithium hexafluorophosphate) tọhapụrụ ** hydrogen fluoride (\) HF $) gas ** mgbe ọkụ, nke na-agbaze na mmiri na-agba ọkụ iji mepụta ** hydrofluoric acid **.
6. Adịla mgbe ọ bụla emetụla uyi batrị, soot, ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri n'akụkụ batrị gbara ọkụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ anyanwụ na-eji aka efu. Hydrofluoric acid na-abanye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ n'enweghị ihe mgbu na-ere ọkụ ozugbo, wee jikọta calcium na magnesium n'ime anụ ahụ na ọbara miri emi, na-ebute necrosis ọkpụkpụ siri ike na njide obi hypocalcemic na-egbu egbu. Chọrọ mmezi ihe ndị ọkachamara dị ize ndụ tupu ị hichaa ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ụlọ elu mgbe batrị ma ọ bụ ọkụ anyanwụ gasịrị (lee oké ọkụ na mmiri mmiri mmiri).

Ndepụta mgbochi ọkụ nke onye nwe ụlọ anyanwụ na batrị¶

Wepụ isi ihe na-ebute mmejọ arc anyanwụ na ịgba ọsọ ọkụ batrị site na imecha usoro nyocha na nkwadebe isi isi isii a:

• ** Wụnye nchara nchara n'akụkụ okirikiri mbara igwe nke elu ụlọ gị ***: Squirrels, kpalakwukwu na oke na-ahụ n'anya na-ahụ n'anya na oghere 10-centimeter (4-inch) echekwara n'okpuru ogwe mbara igwe ma na-amụba ezé ha na-eto eto na eriri 600-volt DC PV. Mee ihe nrụnye gị ihe mkpuchi anodized aluminom ma ọ bụ PVC kpuchie ** steel waya critter mesh ** gburugburu nsọtụ mpụta nke nhazi ahụ iji gbochie anụmanụ na ahịhịa ikuku kpamkpam.
• * Hazie 3 ruo 5 afọ infrared thermal drone / nyocha igwefoto ***: Njikọ MC4 rụrụ arụ, diodes na-ada ada, na panel "ebe dị ọkụ" (nke kpatara nsị nnụnụ, micro-cracks, ma ọ bụ ndo dị arọ) na-egosi na-egbuke egbuke na ọnwa igwefoto ọkụ infrared tupu ha agbaze na azụ azụ.
• ** Debe mpaghara mkpochapụ 1-mita (ụkwụ 3) "Zero Combustibles" gburugburu ndị na-atụgharị na mgbidi batrị **: Ejila igbe na-ebugharị kaadiboodu, ite agba, mmanụ ụgbọala, ma ọ bụ ihe ndozi ezumike megide mgbidi batrị ma ọ bụ eriri eriri. Wụnye nnukwu ígwè ** bollard mmetụta ụgbọ ala ** n'ihu batrị ndị a na-adọba ụgbọala ka ụgbọ ala na-adọba n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala enweghị ike ịkụtu ma gwepịa ụlọ batrị ahụ.
• ** Wụnye mkpu ọkụ ọkụ siri ike (n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala) na Mkpu anwụrụ ọkụ / CO (n'ime ụlọ) ***: Mkpu mkpuchi anwụrụ ọkụ ọkọlọtọ na-abụkarị mkpu ụgha sitere na iyuzucha ụgbọ ala n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, yabụ koodu ụlọ (IRC R309 / NFPA 855) ezipụta ** 135 ° F / 194ºF iji chọpụta ọnụ-ọkụ n'ime ọnụ ụlọ * ma ọ bụ ihe ejikọtara ọnụ. anwụrụ ọkụ n'ime ụlọ na carbon monoxide na-eti mkpu ka ezinụlọ gị na-eteta ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na batrị ụgbọala na-ekpo ọkụ n'elekere 3:00 nke ụtụtụ.
• ** Nyochaa akwụkwọ ịdọ aka na ntị na-acha uhie uhie "SOLAR PV / Battery Storage" na mita eletrik gị **: Lelee na mita ọrụ mpụga gị na panel isi nwere ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ ** ígwè a kanyere ma ọ bụ ihe ngosi na-acha uhie uhie nke UV na-egosi kpọmkwem ebe mgba ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ gị na ebe nchekwa batrị ime ụlọ ọ bụla na-erute ka ha na-abata na ọkụ ọkụ.
• ** Lelee nchekwa nchekwa ndị nrụpụta na inverter gị, DC isolator, na batrị ụlọ ***: Ọtụtụ ụdị isi mba ụwa nke batrị ebe nchekwa lithium-ion obibi (gụnyere LG Energy Solution RESU nkeji na ndị ọzọ) na rotary DC isolator switches etinyela aka na CPSC, OPSS (UK), na ACCC (Australia) ọkụ na-echeta. Lelee nọmba nsonazụ gị na cpsc.gov ma mee ka njikọ Wi-Fi ịntanetị batrị batrị gị ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ka onye nrụpụta nwee ike ịkwanye mmelite firmware nchekwa BMS akpaka.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

enyochara isi mmalite¶

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): *NFPA 70 (National Electric Code Article 690.12: Nkwụsị ngwa ngwa nke PV Systems na Ụlọ), NFPA 855 (Ọkọlọtọ maka ntinye nke Sistemụ Nchekwa Nchekwa Ike), na Firefighter Solar PV & Lithium-Ion BESS Tactical Training *.
• Underwriters Laboratories / UL Fire Safety Research Institute (UL FSRI, United States): UL 9540A Test Method for Evaluating thermal Runaway Fire Propagation in Battery Energy Storage Systems and Residential Garage Deflagration Studies.
• Ọchịchị Ọkụ United States (USFA / FEMA, United States): *Nzaghachi Mberede na Sistemụ Fotovoltaic (Solar) na Sistemụ Nchekwa Ike Batrị Lithium-Ion Mgbe Iju Mmiri Nri gasịrị.
• BRE National Solar Center na Ụlọ Ọrụ nke Injinịa na Nkà na Ụzụ (IET, United Kingdom): * Fire na Solar PV Systems: Nchọpụta na Nduzi na DC Arc Faults, MC4 Connectors, and Isolator Switches *.
• International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) na International Fire Code (IFC Nkeji 1205 / 1207): * Igwe ọkụ fotovoltaic ike Sistemu na Residential Nchekwa Ike Sistemụ Nkwụghachi, ventilashion, na Placard Standards*.

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Batrị lithium-ion na-agba ọkụ: igwe e-igwe, ekwentị na EV
• Ọkụ eletrik na ebe na-enwu ọkụ
• Igwe ọkụ eletrik na-ekpo ọkụ na ikpo ọkụ
• Nchekwa ọkụ ụlọ na mpụ
• Enyemaka mbụ ujo eletrik na nnapụta voltaji dị elu
• Ndekọ nọmba mberede