Nkwụsịtụ BIOS ma ọ bụ UEFI Firmware na Motherboard Flashback Iweghachite¶

Mwepu ọkụ, nrụpụta mberede ma ọ bụ Windows Update firmware push nke na-ebipụ na **47% n'oge motherboard BIOS ma ọ bụ UEFI mmelite *** bụ otu n'ime ọdịda ngwaike kacha atụ egwu na kọmpụta. N'ihi na Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) echekwara n'ime motherboard's Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) NOR flash chip bụ koodu ntụziaka mbụ nke onye nrụpụta na-eme mgbe ị pịa bọtịnụ ike, ịmalite microcode CPU, ndị na-achịkwa voltaji, na ọzụzụ ebe nchekwa DDR4/DDR5 tupu kaadị eserese ma ọ bụ SSD eteta, ihe oyiyi BIOS mebiri emebi na-ahapụ ụbụrụ kọmputa kpamkpam. Mgbe ị pịa bọtịnụ ike na motherboard "bricked", ndị fan na-atụgharị, ọkụ RGB na-agbanye, LED debug na-arapara n'ahụ. CPU ma ọ bụ DRAM, na nyochaa na-anọgide kpamkpam oji (No Signal).

N'agbanyeghị etu brik BIOS dị na ihuenyo ojii siri dị, ** draịvụ ike gị, SSDs, faịlụ, CPU, RAM na kaadị eserese adịghị 100% mmerụ ahụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ị tụfuo motherboard. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ motherboard desktọọpụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na laptọọpụ azụmahịa / egwuregwu na-agụnye ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu usoro mgbake ngwaike nke ngwaike, sitere na ** USB BIOS Flashback ** (nke nwere ike ịmegharị motherboard na CPU efu ma ọ bụ nzaghachi RAM site na iji microcontroller raara onwe ya nye na azụ I / O panel), na ** Dual-BIOS ndabere ROM switches , ** OEM Boot-block Crisis (Igodo mgbake).Ctrl+Esc na Dell, Win+B na HP), ma ọ bụ ** $12 Mpụga SPI Flash Programmer (CH341A / Raspberry Pi flashrom nke na-emegharị 8-pin BIOS mgbawa ozugbo.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

1. ** Chere ma ọ dịkarịa ala 15 zuru nkeji tupu ị na-eche na BIOS melite oyi kpọnwụrụ ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ ike.** N'oge AMD AM5 / AM4 ọgbara ọhụrụ.AGESAIntel LGA1700 / LGA1851Management Engine / ME), na laptọọpụ EC (Embedded Controller) nwelite ngwa ngwa, ihuenyo na-ama ụma na-aga oji kpamkpam na sistemụ reboot ugboro 2 ruo 4 ka ọ na-enwu sub-chips dị iche iche ma na-azụghachi ebe nchekwa DDR5. Ịgbanyụ ọkụ ọkụ n'oge nkwụsịtụ ihuenyo ojii nkeji 3 bụ ihe #1 kpatara brik BIOS nke onwe ya.
2. Ghọta na faịlụ gị na ntinye Windows/Linux na SSD ma ọ bụ draịvụ ike gị nwere nchekwa 100%. Mmelite BIOS na-edegara obere obere akwụkwọ. 16 MB ka 64 MB SPI NOR flash mgbawa na-eresị na motherboard. Ọ naghị emetụ draịvụ ike NVMe SSD ma ọ bụ SATA aka. (Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na i jiri ** Windows BitLocker ** ma ọ bụ ** Linux LUKS na TPM 2.0 auto-unlock **, ịmegharị BIOS ga-emegharị TPM Firmware CPU. fTPM / PTT Ndị na-edebanye aha nhazi Platform, nke pụtara Windows ga-ajụ gị ka ị pịnye ** 48-nọmba BitLocker mgbake igodo ** na akpụkpọ ụkwụ mbụ mgbe ị rụchara BIOS).
3. ** Mee Mkpokọta ike zuru oke na CMOS NVRAM Tọgharia mbụ.** Ọkara nke nne na nna "bricked" mgbe emechara BIOS melite adịghị emebi emebi, ntọala CMOS NVRAM ochie ha (dị ka profaịlụ XMP/EXPO RAM ochie ma ọ bụ ihe nrụpụta voltaji) ekwekọghị na ụdị BIOS ọhụrụ na-enwu enwu, na-eme ka ọzụzụ ihuenyo ojii kwụsị. Wepụ eriri ike AC, wepụ ọlaọcha ** CR2032 batrị mkpụrụ ego-cell ** na motherboard, kechie ** 2-pin. CLR_CMOS / JBAT1 jumper** nwere ntụnye igwe screwdriver maka sekọnd 30, tinyegharịa batrị ahụ, wee gbanye ya na ** naanị 1 osisi RAM etinyere na oghere A2 ***.
4. ** Lee anya n'azụ I/O panel nke motherboard desktọpụ gị maka bọtịnụ "BIOS Flashback" raara onwe ya nye (Flash BIOS / Q-Flash Plus* Ọ bụrụ na ASUS, MSI, Gigabyte, ma ọ bụ ASRock motherboard nwere obere bọtịnụ anụ ahụ na azụ azụ (ma ọ bụ nsọtụ PCB) n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB 2.0 akọwapụtara kpọmkwem, ị nwere ike nwetaghachi 100% BIOS nwụrụ anwụ na nkeji 6 na-eji ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị draịvụ USB FAT32, ọbụlagodi na CPU enweghị ike buut ma ọlị.
5. ** Ọ bụrụ na ị nọ na laptọọpụ Dell, HP, Lenovo, ma ọ bụ ASUS nke na-agba ojii mgbe ntinye Windows Update BIOS gasịrị, tinye na chaja AC wee nwalee OEM Boot-Block Crisis Hotkey.* Ọtụtụ laptọọpụ na-echebe obere, na-agụ naanị "Boot Block" mpaghara mgbawa BIOS nke na-eteta mgbe ị na-ejide otu igodo nchikota.Ctrl + Esc na Dell, Windows + B na HP) mgbe ịpị bọtịnụ ike.
6. ** Mgbe ị na-akwado draịvụ USB mgbake na kọmpụta ọzọ, na-eji obere osisi USB 2.0 dị obere (2 GB ruo 32 GB) mgbe niile. FAT32 ya na MBR Tebụl nkebi (Master Boot Record).** Ndị na-ahụ maka mgbake ngwaike motherboard bụ obere microcontrollers 8-bit/32-bit nke ** enweghị ike ịgụ. NTFS, exFAT, ma ọ bụ GPT (GUID Partition Table) na-akwọ ụgbọala ***. Iji 128 GB exFAT ma ọ bụ GPT Osisi USB bụ #1 ihe kpatara USB BIOS Flashback na-atụgharị ugboro atọ wee daa.

flowchart TD
    A["PC ma ọ bụ Laptọọpụ na-egosi ihuenyo ojii / Ọ nweghị POST mgbe mmelite BIOS kwụsịrị"] --> B["Kwụpụ 1: Wepụ ike AC, wepụ batrị CR2032 + obere CLR_CMOS atụdo maka 30s, jiri osisi 1 RAM buut na A2, chere 5 mins maka ọzụzụ DDR5"]
    B --> C{"Sistemu POST na ihuenyo BIOS?"}
    C -->|"Ee: Ọ bụ naanị CMOS / RAM kpọgidere ọzụzụ"| D["Tinyegharịa XMP/EXPO ma tinye igodo mgbake BitLocker dị 48 ma ọ bụrụ na Windows kpaliri ya"]
    C -->|"Mba: Still Black Screen (ezigbo brik firmware)"| E{"Nke a ọ bụ Motherboard Desktọpụ ma ọ bụ Laptọọpụ?"}
    E -->|"Motherboard nke Desktọpụ"| F{"bọọdụ ahụ nwere bọtịnụ USB BIOS Flashback / Q-Flash Plus ma ọ bụ mgbanwe abụọ-BIOS?"}
    F -->|"Ee: Nwere bọtịnụ Flashback"| G["Hazie USB 2.0 mbanye ka MBR + FAT32, nyegharịa BIOS faịlụ (dịka, MSI.ROM / gigabyte.bin), tinye n'ime BIOS USB ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri raara onwe ya nye, pịa bọtịnụ Flashback."]
    F -->|"Ee: Nwere Dual-BIOS Switch"| H["Tụgharịa BIOS_SW anụ ahụ gaa na ndabere BIOS #2, ma ọ bụ kpalite mgbake akpaaka na Main BIOS"]
    F -->|"Mba: bọọdụ mmefu ego na-enweghị bọtịnụ Flashback"| I["Lelee ma CrashFree Boot Block na-agụ FAT32 USB na-akpaghị aka; ma ọ bụghị jiri $12 CH341A SPI Programmer (3.3V vs 1.8V nlele)"]
    E -->|"Laptọọpụ (Dell / HP / Lenovo / ASUS)"| J["Tinye nkwụnye AC wee kpalite OEM Crisis Boot-Block Recovery (Ctrl+Esc maka Dell, Win+B maka HP)"]

Kwụpụ 1: Kwụsị “Brick ụgha”, CMOS Reset na DDR5 ebe nchekwa nlọghachi.¶

Tupu ị na-eche na mgbawa BIOS gị mebiri emebi, nwalee ma mmelite ahụ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na njedebe na motherboard na-arapara naanị na paramita CMOS na-adabaghị ma ọ bụ ogologo oge ọzụzụ ebe nchekwa DDR5:

1. **Kwụpụ eriri mgbidi AC na ọkụ ọkụ (ma ọ bụ wepụ chaja laptọọpụ).
2. ** Jide bọtịnụ ike PC ala maka sekọnd iri na ise *** ka ịwepụ chaja njikere 5V fọdụrụ na mama nne.
3. ** Wepụ batrị mkpụrụ ego ọlaọcha CR2032 ** na ihe njide nne (na laptọọpụ na-enweghị mkpụrụ ego mkpụrụ ego, wepụ njikọ batrị Li-ion n'ime na motherboard maka nkeji 2).
4. Mkpirisi ọla abụọ ahụ CLR_CMOS (JBAT1 / CLRTC) atụdo yana ọnụ ọnụ screwdriver dị larịị maka sekọnd 30.
5. ** Wepu osisi RAM niile ewezuga otu osisi fọdụrụ na oghere izizi (na-abụkarị DIMM_A2, oghere nke abụọ site na CPU)**, ma wepụ eriri USB ọ bụla nke abụọ ma ọ bụ draịvụ ike mpụga.
6. Tinyeghachi batrị CR2032, tinye eriri ike AC, gbanye PC, yana ** emetụla ya aka maka nkeji ise zuru oke**. Na AMD Socket AM5 (Ryzen 7000/9000) na sistemụ Intel DDR5, akpụkpọ ụkwụ oyi nke mbụ mgbe BIOS flash ma ọ bụ CMOS doro anya na-agba ọsọ ** DDR5 Impedance na Ọzụzụ oge ** ebe DRAM debug LED na-anọsi ike oroma / odo maka ** 90 ruo 240 sekọnd ** tupu ihuenyo ọkụ na mberede.

Kwụpụ 2: Usoro Iweghachite Desktọpụ A, Ngwa USB BIOS Flashback (Ọ dịghị CPU/POST achọrọ)¶

Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị nne na nna etiti etiti na njedebe dị elu arụpụtara kemgbe 2018 gụnyere microcontroller ngwaike kwụụrụ onwe ya (nke a na-akpọkarị Super I/O ma ọ bụ Flashback IC raara onwe ya nye) kwadoro ozugbo site na ọdụ ụgbọ elu + 5VSB (5-Volt Standby) nke ọkụ. Ọbụlagodi na ehichapụrụ mgbawa BIOS bụ isi na efu, ma ọ bụ enweghị CPU ma ọ bụ RAM etinyere ma ọlị, onye njikwa a nwere ike ịgụ faịlụ BIOS akpọrọ aha ya na draịvụ USB FAT32 wee dee ya ozugbo na mgbawa SPI BIOS.

Kpọmkwem USB BIOS Flashback faịlụ aha na usoro bọtịnụ site na ika motherboard¶

Otu esi ahazi usoro dabara adaba MBR + FAT32 eriri USB (na-edozi 90% nke ọdịda Flashback)¶

Oge a Windows 10/11 na-ajụ ịhazi draịva buru ibu karịa 32 GB dị ka FAT32 na ọkọlọtọ GUI, na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile ọhụrụ mkpisi USB ụgbọ initialized dị ka GPT (GUID Partition Table) kama MBR (Master Boot Record). Ngwaike BIOS Flashback ibe ** ga-ajụ draịva USB GPT ***.

Gbaa iwu ndị a kpọmkwem na ** Administrator Command Prompt ** (Windows) na kọmpụta dị mma ka ị gbanwee draịvụ USB ọ bụla (nke bụ okenye ** 8 GB ma ọ bụ 16 GB USB 2.0 stick ***) ka ọ bụrụ nke siri ike MBR + FAT32 osisi mgbake:

:: Open Command Prompt as Administrator and launch diskpart
diskpart

:: 1. List all disks and CAREFULLY identify your USB flash drive number (e.g., Disk 2, verify by size so you NEVER select your main C: drive.)
list disk

:: 2. Select your USB flash drive (replace X with your USB disk number)
select disk X

:: 3. Wipe the drive and convert the partition table strictly to MBR (Master Boot Record)
clean
convert mbr

:: 4. Create a small 4096 MB (4 GB) primary partition (so FAT32 works even on a 64 GB stick) and format as FAT32
create partition primary size=4096
format fs=fat32 quick
active
assign
exit

Ugbu a detuo ** Naanị *** faịlụ BIOS ahagharịrị aha gị (MSI.ROM, gigabyte.bin, creative.rom, ma ọ bụ ASUS gị .CAP faịlụ) na mgbọrọgwụ nke akwụkwọ ozi mbanye ọhụrụ ahụ, wepụ ya n'enweghị nsogbu, wee mee usoro Flashback ngwaike dị n'elu.

Kwụpụ 3: Usoro mgbake Desktop B, Dual-BIOS Switches na Boot-Block Auto-Recovery¶

Kedu ihe ma ọ bụrụ na nne na nna desktọpụ gị ** enweghị bọtịnụ azụ USB BIOS Flashback? Lelee ma ọ na-eji otu n'ime atụmatụ ọdịda azụ arụnyere n'ime ya:

1. Ngbanwe Dual-BIOS nke anụ ahụ (BIOS_SW / M_BIOS & B_BIOS)¶

Ọtụtụ Gigabyte, EVGA, MSI GODLIKE/ACE, ASRock Aqua/Taichi, na AMD/Intel worktation bọọdụ solder ** ibe abụọ SPI BIOS anụ ahụ ** na PCB: a ** Isi BIOS (M_BIOS*** na a ** ndabere BIOS (B_BIOS)**. * ** Ọ bụrụ na bọọdụ gị nwere mgba ọkụ mmịfe 2-ọnọdụ anụ ahụ (BIOS_SW1): *** Gbanyụọ ọkụ eletrik, gbanye mgba ọkụ anụ ahụ site na ọnọdụ 1 (Main) ruo n'ọkwa 2 (Backup), ma gbanye PC. Ọ ga-ebupụ ozugbo na mgbawa BIOS nke abụọ dị mma. * ** Ndụmọdụ Pro iji rụkwaa mgbawa bricked #1: ** Ozugbo ị batara na ihuenyo ntọala BIOS (Del / F2N'iji Chip #2 dị mma, gaa na **M-Flash / Q-Flash / EZ Flash , bulite faịlụ BIOS gị site na mkpanaka USB, ** jiri nlezianya tụgharịa anụ ahụ. BIOS_SW gbanye motherboard laghachi na ọnọdụ 1 mgbe PC ka na-agbanye na ihuenyo Flash *** (naanị na bọọdụ na-enweghị otu mkpọchi mkpọchi BIOS), wee pịa ** Malite Flash ** iji degharịa Chip #1 mebiri emebi. * ** Ọ bụrụ na bọọdụ Gigabyte nwere DualBIOS * na-enweghị * mgba ọkụ anụ ahụ (Soldered M_BIOS + B_BIOS): Kedu otu esi amanye bọọdụ Gigabyte na-enweghị mgbanwe ka ọ detuo B_BIOS gafere M_BIOS mgbe nchọpụta akpaka ya agaghị abanye? 1. Gbanyụọ PC kpamkpam ** Gbanyụọ ***. 2. Pịa ma jide ** ma bọtịnụ ike ikpe na bọtịnụ Tọgharịa n'otu oge n'otu og*** maka **10 nke zuru oke, wee hapụ bọtịnụ abụọ ahụ. (N'aka nke ọzọ, jide bọtịnụ ike ruo mgbPC ga-agbanye wee mechie onwe ya ozugbo ọzọ, wee pịa Ike otu ugboro). 3. Ihe mgbaàmà nkwụsị nke ngwaike a na-eme ka onye njikwa DualBIOS, na-ebute ihuenyo na-acha anụnụ anụnụ / nwa ojii nke na-ekwu " Main BIOS mebiri emebi. Usoro ahụ ga-agbake site na ndabere BIOS" na-akpaghị aka na-emegharị isi mgbawa.

2. ASUS CrashFree BIOS 3 / ASRock Boot-Block USB Auto-Read¶

Ọbụna na mmefu ego ASUS Prime ma ọ bụ mbadamba ASRock nke na-enweghị bọtịnụ Flashback raara onwe ya nye, nke mbụ 64 KB nke mgbawa BIOS na-abụkarị ihe echekwara ederede ** Boot Block *** (ASUS CrashFree BIOS 3): 1. Kwadebe otu MBR + FAT32 USB 2.0 na-eji eriri diskpart iwu n'elu. 2. Tinye BIOS akpọgharịrị aha .CAP faịlụ (iji BIOSRenamer.exe maka ASUS) NA nnomi nke abụọ nwere nke mbụ edegharịghị aha .CAP Aha faịlụ na mgbọrọgwụ nke eriri USB. 3. Tinye eriri USB n'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri USB 2.0 n'azụ ** (ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị nso na PS / 2 ma ọ bụ n'elu azụ azụ, ọ bụghị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'ihu). 4. Gbanwuo PC wee chere ** 3 ruo 5 nkeji **. Ọbụlagodi na onye nleba anya na-anọ oji maka sekọnd 60 mbụ, lelee ọrụ LED na draịva mkpịsị aka USB gị: ọ bụrụ na Boot Block dị ndụ, ọ ga-enyocha mkpanaka USB ozugbo, chọta ebe ahụ. .CAP faịlụ, wee malite EZ Flash iji weghachi ngwa ngwa.

Kwụpụ 4: Laptọọpụ BIOS mgbake, Dell, HP, Lenovo na ASUS Crisis Boot-Block Hotkeys¶

Laptọọpụ dị nnọọ mfe na nkwụsị BIOS mberede karịa kọmpụta n'ihi na Microsoft ** Windows Update ** na-ebugharị "System Firmware" na-emelite na-akpaghị aka site na ** UEFI Capsule Mmelite ** n'oge mmalite Windows nkịtị. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrụ mechie mkpuchi laptọọpụ ma ọ bụ na-amanye ike gbanyụọ mgbe ihuenyo na-ekwu "Biko chere ka anyị na-etinye mmelite sistemụ," brik laptọọpụ.

Obi dị m ụtọ na ndị OEM laptọọpụ ndị isi na-ekewapụ ihe na-enweghị ike ikpochapụ ** Nsogbu mgbake Boot Block ** n'ime njikwa agbakwunyere (EC) ma ọ bụ Intel Management Engine / AMD PSP nke na-azaghachi igodo nzuzo na-ebuli elu:

1. Dell Laptọọpụ & Desktọpụ (Inspiron, XPS, Latitude, nkenke, Alienware), Ctrl + Esc¶

Dell wuru n'ime BIOS Iweghachite ⅔ na-echekwa ihe ndabere zoro ezo nke onyonyo BIOS (BIOS_IMG.rcv) n'ime ihe zoro ezo EFI Nkebi na SSD dị n'ime gị (ma ọ bụ nwee ike ịgụ ya site na mkpanaka USB FAT32): 1. Wepụ chaja AC na laptọọpụ Dell. 2. Pịa ma jide Ctrl + Esc na ahụigodo laptop arụnyere n'ime ya. 3. Mgbe a ka na-ejide Ctrl + Esc, ** tinye eriri AC chaja na laptọọpụ**. 4. Jide n'aka Ctrl + Esc maka 5 ruo 15 sekọnd ruo mgbe keyboard backlight na-enwu ma ọ bụ ** Dell BIOS Recovery Screen ** na-egosi na ngosi (ọ bụrụ na laptọọpụ anaghị agbanwu onwe ya mgbe ị na-etinye AC, kpatụ bọtịnụ Ike otu ugboro ka ị na-echekwa. Ctrl + Esc jidesie ike). 5. Họrọ ** Weghachite BIOS *** (ma ọ bụ ** Tọgharịa NVRAM** ma ọ bụrụ na enyere ya mbụ) wee pịa Tinye. * * Gịnị ma ọ bụrụ na esịtidem SSD enweghị mgbake faịlụ?* Na ọzọ na kọmputa, na-aga dell.com/support, tinye mkpado ọrụ laptọọpụ gị, budata BIOS kacha ọhụrụ .exe faịlụ, gbaa BIOS_Update_File.exe /writehdrfile ma ọ bụ nyegharịa ndị ebudatara aha .exe / .rcv faịlụ na BIOS_IMG.rcv na a FAT32 Mpempe USB, tinye eriri USB n'ime kọmpụta Dell bricked, ma kwugharịa ya Ctrl + Esc usoro.

2. HP Laptọọpụ & Desktọpụ (Pavilion, Envy, Specter, EliteBook, ProBook, Omen, Victus), Windows + B¶

HP's ** sure Start / Crisis BIOS Iweghachite ** na-arụ ọrụ otu: 1. Gbanyụọ laptọọpụ HP kpamkpam ** Gbanyụọ *** wee tinye ihe nkwụnye ọkụ AC. 2. Pịa ma jide Windows Key + B n'otu oge (na ụfọdụ ụdị HP ochie, gbalịa Windows Key + V ọ bụrụ Win + B anaghị aza). 3. Mgbe a ka na-ejide Windows + B, pịa ma jide bọtịnụ ike ** maka ** 2 ruo 3 sekọnd, wee ** hapụ bọtịnụ ike ka ị na-aga n'ihu ijide. Windows + B** ọzọ ** 10 ruo 15 sekọnd *. 4. Ihuenyo ahụ ga-anọgide na-oji maka 30 ruo 60 sekọnd, Caps Lock LED nwere ike na-egbuke egbuke, onye na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ ga-agbapụta n'olu dara ụda, na ihuenyo ** HP BIOS Update / Crisis Recovery ** ga-apụta ma degharịa BIOS mebiri emebi na-akpaghị aka na nzuzo. HP_TOOLS Nkebi EFI. * * Ọ bụrụ na ime HP_TOOLS Nkebi na-efu: Budata HP BIOS SoftPaq .exe na Windows PC ọzọ, na-agba ọsọ .exe installer, họrọ "Mepụta mgbake USB flash mbanye," tinye draịvụ USB ahụ n'ime kọmpụta HP bricked, wee kwugharịa. Windows + B + Ike.

3. Laptọọpụ Lenovo (ThinkPad, IdeaPad, Legion, Yoga), Fn + R¶

1. Ọtụtụ laptọọpụ ** ThinkPad *** na ** Legion ** nke ọgbara ọhụrụ gụnyere BIOS ndabere na-agwọ onwe ya nke na-akpalite ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na ị kwụsịrị ihe nkwụnye AC, tinye obere mpempe akwụkwọ kwụ ọtọ n'ime obere "Ntọgharị Mberede Mberede" nke dị n'okpuru ala nke laptọọpụ maka 15 sekọnd, chere 1 nkeji, gbanye AC ike azụ na, wee gbanye laptọọpụ naanị maka 3.
2. Maka ** Fn + R Ọnọdụ nsogbu ** na ụdị Lenovo akwadoro: Hazie eriri USB 2.0 dị ka FAT32, wepụ raw .bin / .fd / .cap Faịlụ BIOS sitere na ebe nchekwa mmelite BIOS nke Lenovo na mkpanaka USB, gbanye osisi USB na chaja AC n'ime laptọọpụ agbanyụrụ, jide Fn + R (ma ọ bụ Fn + B), wee pịa bọtịnụ bọtịnụ ** ike ruo mgbe eriri USB LED malitere ịchapụ ngwa ngwa.

Kwụpụ 5: Nnapụta ngwaike kachasị, Direct SPI Chip Flashing na $12 CH341A Onye mmemme ma ọ bụ Raspberry Pi¶

Kedu ihe ma ọ bụrụ na nne nne gị enweghị ** enweghị bọtịnụ USB BIOS Flashback **, ** enweghị Dual-BIOS mgbawa ***, na ** Boot Block n'onwe ya edegharịrị *** tupu ike anwụọ, nke pụtara na osisi enweghị ike ịgụ osisi USB ma ọlị?

Ọbụlagodi na brik 100% zuru oke ebe byte mbụ nke ngọngọ buut na-apụ, * ọnweghị mkpa ịzụta motherboard ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ kwụọ ụlọ ahịa ndozi $ 150 **. Nne nne ọ bụla na-echekwa BIOS ya na ọkọlọtọ ** 8-pin SOIC-8 / WSON-8 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) NOR Flash chip ** (nke Winbond mere. W25Q..., Macronix MX25L..., ma ọ bụ GigaDevice GD25Q...). Ị nwere ike ịzụta $10 ruo $15 CH341A USB SPI Programmer na SOIC-8 Pomona Test Clip ** online (ma ọ bụ jiri ihe ọ bụla ** Raspberry Pi ***'s GPIO pins na Linux. flashrom Utility), kechie ya na ụkwụ 8 nke mgbawa BIOS na motherboard gị, wee gbanye faịlụ BIOS ọhụrụ ozugbo na silicon n'ime nkeji 4.

Ịdọ aka ná ntị voltaji dị egwu: 3.3V vs. 1.8V SPI BIOS ibe.¶

Usoro mgbake n'ime okirikiri SPI-site-nzọụkwụ (AsProgrammer / NeoProgrammer ma ọ bụ Linux flashrom)¶

1. ** Chọta mgbawa 8-pin SPI BIOS na motherboard gị:** Lee nso batrị ọlaọcha CR2032 CMOS ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri SATA / PCIe maka mgbawa akụkụ anọ nwere ụkwụ 8 (na-abụkarị n'akụkụ akara ngosi silkscreen na-acha ọcha. BIOS, U_BIOS, ma ọ bụ SPI_TPM). Jiri nnukwu mbugharị igwefoto ama gị gụọ obere ederede laser nke dị n'elu mgbawa ahụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Winbond 25Q256JVEN) ma chọpụta ma ọ bụ 3.3V ma ọ bụ 1.8V na mpempe akwụkwọ nke onye nrụpụta.
2. ** Kwadebe faịlụ ọnụọgụ abụọ BIOS dị ọcha (.bin / .rom):**
3. Maka ** MSI, Gigabyte, na ASRock ***, faịlụ BIOS ị na-ebudata site na webụsaịtị nkwado onye nrụpụta abụrụla ihe onyonyo ọnụọgụ abụọ.16,777,216 bytes maka 16 MB 128Mbit mgbawa, ma ọ bụ 33,554,432 bytes maka 32 MB 256Mbit mgbawa) nke enwere ike ịgbanye ozugbo.
4. ** Ederede dị mkpa maka ASUS .CAP Faịlụ: ** ASUS kechie nbudata ya .CAP BIOS faịlụ n'ime a **2,048-byte (0x800 hex) UEFI Capsule Security nkụnye eji isi mee **. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbanye ASUS .CAP faịlụ ozugbo na ngwaike mmemme na-ewepụghị nkụnye eji isi mee 2,048-byte ahụ, nhazi mgbawa ga-agbanwe site na. 0x800 bytes na bọọdụ agaghị buut. Mepee ASUS .CAP Faịlụ n'ime **UEFITool n'efu (pịa * Action -> Capsule -> Wepụ ahụ * iji chekwaa ihe dị ọcha. .rom ahụ) ma ọ bụ mepee ya na nchịkọta akụkọ hex (HxD) ma hichapụ nke mbụ 0x000 site na 0x7FF bytes (2,048 bytes) ya mere nha faịlụ ahụ bụ ike zuru oke nke abụọ (16,777,216 ma ọ bụ 33,554,432 bytes).
5. ** Kpọọ pin 1 (Iwu Uhie Uhie):**
6. Lelee anya nke ọma n'elu mgbawa 8-pin BIOS na motherboard: otu n'ime akụkụ anọ nwere ** obere okirikiri okirikiri / ntụpọ na-abanye n'ime plastik ojii ** (ma ọ bụ triangle ọcha na-ese na PCB motherboard). Nkuku ahụ bụ ** Pin 1 **.
7. Dekọọ ** Red Waya *** na vidiyo ule SOIC-8 gị ozugbo na ** Pin 1 ** nke mgbawa BIOS, yana motherboard ** ewepụrụ ya na ike mgbidi AC ** (ma ọ bụ wepụrụ batrị CR2032).
8. ** Gụọ, Hichapụ, Dee ma nyochaa:**
9. Tinye ihe mmemme USB na laptọọpụ ma ọ bụ PC na-arụ ọrụ wee mepee AsProgrammer, NeoProgrammer (Windows), ma ọ bụ flashrom (Linux / macOS: sudo flashrom -p ch341a_spi -r backup_old.bin mgbe ahụ sudo flashrom -p ch341a_spi -w clean_bios.rom).
10. Pịa ** Chọpụta IC *** (chọpụta na ọ na-achọpụta ụdị mgbawa Winbond/Macronix gị nke ọma ọ bụghị FF FF FF).
11. ** Nke mbụ: ** Pịa ** Gụọ IC *** wee chekwaa ndabere nke ọdịnaya mgbawa mebiri emebi ugbu a (corrupted_backup.bin, ọ dị mkpa karịsịa na laptọọpụ na bọọdụ Intel n'ihi na ọ nwere adreesị MAC Ethernet pụrụ iche nke bọọdụ gị, Nọmba Serial, na igodo ngwaahịa Windows OEM).
12. ** Nke abuo:** Bunye gị ọcha 16 MB / 32 MB Faịlụ ọnụọgụ abụọ nke BIOS wee pịa ** Hichapụ -> Mmemme -> Nyochaa *** (bọtịnụ nwere akụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ).
13. Ozugbo software kwuru Verification Successful (100%), kpọpuo obere ihe nlele ahụ, tinyeghachi batrị CR2032, tinye eriri ike AC wee pịa bọtịnụ ike PC. Motherboard gị ga-ebighachi ndụ ozugbo.

Na-egbochi mmelite BIOS n'ọdịnihu¶

Ozugbo sistemụ gị na-agba ọsọ ọzọ, na-agbaso iwu anọ ndị a tupu ịmalite ngwa ngwa ngwa n'ọdịnihu:

1. ** Emelitela BIOS motherboard site n'ime Windows (ASUS Armoury Crate, MSI Center, Gigabyte Control Center):** Ọrụ ndabere Windows, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala antivirus, ma ọ bụ BSOD na mberede nwere ike ifriizi sistemụ arụmọrụ n'etiti flash. Detuo faịlụ BIOS mgbe niile na a FAT32 Osisi USB, malitegharịa n'ime nwa amaala ** BIOS Setup Utility (EZ Flash / M-Flash / Q-Flash / Instant Flash***, ma mee mmelite ahụ site na mpaghara UEFI kacha nta.
2. ** Gbanyụọ Nwelite Windows akpaaka "Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala / Firmware" na-agbanye na Desktop na Laptọọpụ Omenala:** Iji kwụsị Nwelite Windows site na ịgbanye laptọọpụ gị ma ọ bụ desktọpụ UEFI na-atụghị anya ya n'oge ịmalitegharị oge niile na-ajụghị gị, mepee ** Njikwa ngwaọrụ -> Firmware -> Sistemụ Firmware -> Pịa aka nri -> Gbanyụọ njikwa njikwa ngwaọrụ * (ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ njikwa ngwaọrụ)** Ụdị -> Ngwa Windows -> Mmelite Windows -> Jikwaa mmelite enyere site na Mmelite Windows -> etinyela ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala nwere mmelite Windows*).
3. ** Tọgharia overclocks (Load Optimized Defaults) Tupu ịpị Flash: *** Adịla mgbe ị na-agbanye BIOS ọhụrụ ka ị na-agba ọsọ CPU na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ ma ọ bụ DDR5 RAM overclock. Ọ bụrụ na RAM na-atụfu otu mperi mperi ka ọ na-emebi ihe oyiyi BIOS ọhụrụ na ebe nchekwa, ọ nwere ike kwụgide ngwa ngwa ọkụ. Pịa mgbe niile F5 / F7 (Ibu Ibu kacha mma ndabara), regharịa na BIOS na ngwaahịa JEDEC ebe nchekwa ọsọ, wee na-agba ọsọ flash.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Windows Blue Screen (BSOD) na ndozi buut
• Ọdịda buut sistemụ Linux na nrụzi GRUB
• MacOS kernel ụjọ, ihuenyo ojii na ọnọdụ mgbake
• Ike mbanye ọdịda na data mgbake
• Omenala ikpo ọkụ PC na igwe nju oyi na-agbapụta
• GPU artifacting na ngwaike mkpọka triage
• Nọmba mberede zuru ụwa ọnụ

enyochara isi mmalite¶

• Ngwakọta Firmware Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) (mba): UEFI Specification Version 2.10 (Nnyefe Nwelite Capsule Firmware, Nrụpụta Ihe Ntugharị Boot Boot Na-adịghị Mma, yana Ọrụ Ngbanwe NVRAM).
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (United States): Mbipụta Pụrụ Iche 800-147 (BIOS Protection Guidelines) na SP 800-193 (Platform Firmware Resiliency Guidelines: Detection, Recovery, and Dual-SPI Root of Trust).
• flashrom Open-Source Project (International): Official Documentation for In-System Programming (ISP) nke SOIC-8/WSON-8 SPI NOR Flash Memory na 1.8V vs. 3.3V Voltage Level Akpachara anya (flashrom.org).
• ASUSTeK Kọmputa Inc., Micro-Star International (MSI), & Gigabyte Technology (International): Akwụkwọ ntuziaka Nka na ụzụ Hardware maka USB BIOS FlashBack, MSI Flash BIOS bọtịnụ (MSI.ROM), na Gigabyte Q-Flash Plus / DualBIOS Iweghachite Protocols.
• Dell Inc., HP Inc., & Lenovo Group Ltd. (International): Official Field Service Documentation for Dell BIOS Recovery ⅔Ctrl+Esc), HP Sure Start Crisis Iweghachite (Win+B), na ThinkPad na-agwọkwa onwe BIOS usoro nrụpụta.