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Otu esi ewuo mgbidi akpa aja nke na-egbochi mmiri iju mmiri (Pyramid Stacking and Flap Direction)

Nọmba mberede dị iche na mba. Ibe a na-eji 911, nọmba maka United States na Canada. Ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ na-eji 112, 999, ma ọ bụ nọmba ọzọ. Chọta nọmba maka obodo gị.

Mgbe osimiri na-erute n'ebe idei mmiri na-aga ma ọ bụ oké mmiri ozuzo na-eme ka okporo ụzọ agbata obi ghọọ ọwa mmiri, ndị nwe ụlọ nwere ezi obi na-ejikarị ọtụtụ awa arụ mgbidi akpa ájá nke dara ma ọ bụ na-adaba n'ime nkeji iri nke mmiri. Nnwale injinia hydraulic nke United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) na ** UK Environment Agency* na-egosi na njehie atọ a na-ahụkarị na-emebi ihe mgbochi akpa aja na-amu amu: akpa nri ruo n'ọnụ ruo mgbe ha dị ka sausaji siri ike nke na-ahapụ oghere triangular n'etiti akpa, na-ekekọta akpa n'okpuru oghere dị n'akụkụ ọnụ ụzọ na-adọkpụ, na-ekekọta akpa n'akụkụ oghere dị larịị. akpa dị n'otu kọlụm kwụ ọtọ na-atụ aro ka ọ gafechara ozugbo nrụgide mmiri hydrostatic ruru 30 centimeters (1 ụkwụ). Ọbụna nke ka njọ, ndị nwe ụlọ na-ewukarị ụgbọ mmiri na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha n'ofe ụzọ ụzọ ha mgbe ha na-echefu kpamkpam ịgbanye mmiri mmiri n'ala ha na ọnyà ụlọ mposi nke ala, na-ekwe ka mmiri ozuzo nke ime obodo na-agbanye ọkụ n'ime ụlọ dị n'azụ mgbidi ájá ájá. Tupu idei mmiri ebili, jiri hazie ihe mgbochi mpụta gị idei mmiri, sump mgbapụta ọdịda na idei mmiri, na idei mmiri okpuru ulo nchekwa, ma debe mpaghara gị nọmba mberede (911 na United States na Canada, 112 gafee European Union, 999 na United Kingdom) dị njikere ma ọ bụrụ na enyere iwu ịchụpụ ngwa ngwa.

Mee nke a ugbu a

  1. Kwunye mmiri mmiri n'ala okpuru ulo, ụlọ mposi nke ala, ọkpọkọ ebe a na-asa ákwà, na mmiri ịsa ahụ tupu ịtọọ otu akpa aja n'èzí. Mmiri idei mmiri na-abanye n'ụlọ site na ọkpọkọ ọwa mmiri nke obodo n'okpuru slab gị ka ọ na-esi n'ọnụ ụzọ abanye. Fanye ihe nkwụnye ihe nrụnye roba na-agbasa ** ( cherne plug / wing-nut drain stopper)** n'ime mmiri ọ bụla nke okpuru ulo na igbapu mmiri ịsa ahụ, ma tinye akpa aja aja nke plastik kechie nke ọma n'ime nnukwu efere nke okpuru ulo ma ọ bụ ụlọ mposi nke ala ma ọ bụrụ na ị nweghị valvụ azụ mmiri na-akpaghị aka arụnyere.
  2. ** Jujuo akpa aja ọ bụla naanị otu ọkara ($ ½\() ka ọ bụrụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ (\) ⅔$) zuru ezu (15 ruo 18 kilogram / 33 ruo 40 pound).** Ejula otu akpa ájá n'elu. Akpa ájá juru eju na-eme dị ka cylinder sirinji siri ike nke na-apụghị ịkpụzi n'akụkụ akpa ahụ dị n'okpuru ya, na-ahapụ oghere sara mbara maka mmiri ịgbanye. Akpa zuru ezu nke ọkara na-adị nro ma dị nro dị ka mgwakota agwa, na-adaba n'ime brik akụkụ anọ na-adịghị mmiri mgbe a kpụrụ ya.
  3. Ekekọtala akpa ahụ ọ gwụla ma ebu ya n'ụgbọala; Ọ bụrụ na kee ya, kechie ya na egbugbere ọnụ elu ka etiti ahụ wee tọpụ. Maka akpa juru eju n'akụkụ ebe a na-ekpokọta ihe, ** hapụ akpa ahụ kpamkpam** wee tụgharịa triangle elu efu (flap ma ọ bụ akpịrị) nke ọma n'okpuru akpa ahụ ka ị tọgbọrọ ya.
  4. ** Orient na-apịaji flaa (ma ọ bụ kegide olu) na-atụ UPSTREAM (na-eche ihu megide ntụziaka nke na-asọ asọ), ọ dịghị mgbe mgbada.** Mgbe mmiri na-asọ ngwa ngwa gafere mgbidi, chere ihu mpịaji flap ma ọ bụ na-emeghe oghere ** upstream ** na-eji ịdị arọ nke akpa n'elu ya pin flap mechiri emechi, mgbe na-egbochi eddies si enwetaghị a flap. Maka mmiri na-ada ada (dị ka n'akụkụ ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ), dobe flaapu apịaji chere ihu ** n'ime akụkụ akọrọ** nke etinyere n'okpuru ibu nke akpa ahụ.
  5. ** Ọnụ ụzọ ahịrị na mgbidi ntọala nwere 6-mil (0.15 mm) akwa akwa polyethylene dị arọ TUPU ekpokọta akpa ájá.** Polypropylene a kpara akpa na akpa aja aja na-eguzogide mmiri, ọ bụghị 100% mmiri anaghị egbochi mmiri; ha na-eme ka esemokwu kwụsịlata. Debe mpempe akwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu nke ** 6-mil poly sheeting ** n'obere ọnụ ụzọ na ọnụ ụzọ, gbatịa ya 60 centimeters (2 ụkwụ) n'elu ala n'ihu ọnụ ụzọ ahụ, ma kpochie akpa aja gị ** n'elu uwe mwụda rọba *** ka ịdị arọ nke idei mmiri na-atụnye akpụkpọ ahụ na-egbochi mmiri na-agbakọ n'ala na mgbidi.
  6. ** Maka mgbidi ọ bụla toro ogologo karịa 30 centimeters (1 ụkwụ, ma ọ bụ 3 akwa akwa nke akpa), wuo PYRAMID nke ntọala ya dị okpukpu atọ karịa ịdị elu ya. Mmiri mmiri nke hydrostatic na-abawanye na square nke omimi mmiri; Mgbidi nwere otu ahịrị toro ogologo karịa centimita 30 (inch iri na abụọ) ga-akpụ akpụ n'akụkụ wee datuo. Jiri USACE 3-to-1 Rule (obosara ala = \(3 \ ugboro\) ịdị elu) yana ** stampụ otu akpa ọ bụla na akpụkpọ ụkwụ gị *** iji kpọchie ọnụ brik na-ekpuchi ọnụ.

Anọla n'azụ mgbidi akpa aja ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri gafere 90 centimeters (ụkwụ 3) ma ọ bụ nyere iwu mbupụ.

Emebere ihe mgbochi akpa aja obibi nke ọma maka ** nke na-emighị emi, idei mmiri na-adị mkpụmkpụ ruo 30 ruo 60 centimeters (1 ruo 2 ụkwụ) miri. Ozugbo idei mmiri megide brik ebe obibi ma ọ bụ mgbidi ụlọ osisi na-eme ka ọ dị elu karịa ** 60 ruo 90 centimeters (2 ruo 3 feet) n'ime omimi *, ibu hydrostatic n'akụkụ gafere ** 450 ruo 1,000 kilogram kwa linear mita (300 ruo 670 pound kwa linear foot) nke mgbidi, mgbidi na-ezuru oke na windo ebe obibi. sere n'elu ụlọ e ji osisi rụọ n'elu mbadamba ntọala ya. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri na-arị elu 60 centimeters (2ụkwụ abụọ) ma ọ bụ ndị ọchịchị nyere iwu ka a kpọpụ ya, hapụ akpa aja ozugbo, mechie igwe eletrik gị isi, wee pụọ gaa n'ebe dị elu.

Osisi mkpebi: Injinia mgbochi ide mmiri na nchekwa azụ azụ

Jiri mpempe akwụkwọ injinịa a ka usoro nkwụnye mmiri n'ime ime, mkpuchi plastik ọnụ ụzọ, na akpa aja aja pyramid USACE.

flowchart TD
    Start["Enyere ịdọ aka ná ntị idei mmiri: Mmiri na-ebili n'ihe owuwu"] --> Step1["Nzọụkwụ 1: mechie ọwa mmiri n'ime ime & DRAIN azụ azụ ụzọ mbụ; 1. Kwụsa plọg roba na-agbasawanye n'ime okpuru ulo / ala ala niile; 2. Nyochaa valvụ azụ mmiri nke isi mmiri mmiri; nkwụnye ụlọ mposi nke ala; 3. Nyochaa nkwado ndabere na mpaghara sump pump batrị ma kpochapụ ahịrị mpụta mpụta"]

    Step1 --> DepthCheck{"Kedu ihe omimi nke idei mmiri a na-atụ anya na mgbidi ụlọ?"}

    DepthCheck -->|"N'okpuru 30 cm (1 ft / 1 ruo 3 n'ígwé):; Ụzọ ụzọ, Garage & Crawlspace Vents"| DoorWrap["ỌRỤ BRIkọk N'otu Ahịrị + 6-MIL Plastic MEMBRANE:; 1. Mpempe akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ 6-mil polyethylene gafee ọnụ ụzọ ọnụ ụzọ + 60 cm (2 ft) n'elu ala; 2. Jupụta akpa 1/2 ruo 2/3 zuru ezu (15-18 kg / 35 lbs); hapụ ụgbụ; 3. Dina bags n'ogologo n'elu uwe mwụda rọba, mpịachi mpịachi n'okpuru; 4. Stagger seams na ọkara otu ogologo akpa dị ka brik na stampụ ewepụghị na akpụkpọ ụkwụ"]

    DepthCheck -->|"30 cm ruo 90 cm (1 ruo 3 ft / 4 ruo 9 n'ígwé):; Ụzọ okporo ụzọ, Yard Dike, ma ọ bụ Deep doorway"| PyramidBuild["USACE 3-TO-1 PYRAMID DIKE + BONDING TRENCH:; 1. Gwuo trenchi 10 cm (4 na) miri emi x 45-60 cm (18-24 na) obosara n'ime ala; 2. Gbakọọ Obosara Isi = 3 x Atụmatụ Elu mgbidi; 3. Usoro ọzọ crosswise ( nkụnye eji isi mee ) na ogologo (stretcher) ọmụmụ; 4. Ntụnye flaps apịaji UPSTREAM megide ugbu a; stampụ ọ bụla akpa flat; 5. Drape 6-mil poly mpempe akwụkwọ elu mmiri ihu na arịlịka elu/ala na akpa"]

    DepthCheck -->|"Ihe karịrị 90 cm (3 ft) ma ọ bụ Iju Mmiri Flash"| EvacuateNow["Kwụsị ịkwasa akwa & wepụ ngwa ngwa:; 1. Mgbidi ụlọ na-ada n'okpuru> 90 cm (3 ft) ibu hydrostatic; 2. Gbanyụọ isi ọkụ eletrik & valvụ gas ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mma; 3. Bugharịa ezinụlọ, anụ ụlọ & akpa gaa n'ala elu ma ọ bụ n'ala dị elu"]

Nkebi 1: Ihe kpatara ọtụtụ mgbidi aja aja na-ada ada (Fiziks of hydrostatic seepage and shear)

Ịghọta ka mmiri si alụso ihe mgbochi akpa aja na-akọwa iwu niile dị na USACE Flood Fight Handbook:

  1. ** Nsogbu "Soseji jujuru": ** Akpa aja na-enweghị isi na-atụ ihe ruru centimita 35 n'obosara na sentimita 65 n'ogologo (inch 14 na sentimita 26). Mgbe ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-ejupụta akpa ruo 90% ma ọ bụ 100% ikike, ọ na-atụ kilogram 27 ruo 32 (60 ruo 70 pound), na-akpata nnukwu azụ azụ azụ, wee bụrụ ihe siri ike na gburugburu dịka ohiri isi. Mgbe ị na-ekpokọta cylinders gburugburu n'elu ibe ya, ọwa triangular siri ike na-emeghe n'etiti akpa ọ bụla. Mmiri na-agbapụ ozugbo site na oghere triangular ndị ahụ n'okpuru nrụgide, na-ekpochapụ ájá gbara ha gburugburu n'ime nkeji. Mgbe jupụta na ** ½ ruo ⅔ ikike (15 ruo 18 kilogram / 33 ruo 40 pound), ájá na-adịghị mma n'ime ya na-adaba n'akụkụ mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu, na-agbaba n'ime pancake dị larịị nke dị ihe dị ka ** 10 centimeters (4 inch) ọkpụrụkpụ, 25 centimeters (10 sentimita asatọ) n'obosara, na 45 centimeters * ogologo (45 centimeters) oghere dị n'okpuru ya.
  2. ** Ndị agha na-agbagharị na mmiri ozuzo:** Mmiri dị kilogram 1,000 kwa cubic mita (paụnd 62.4 kwa cubic ụkwụ). Mgbidi mmiri 60 centimeters (ụkwụ abụọ) dị omimi na-agbanye n'akụkụ mmiri nke mgbidi akpa ájá gị ka ị na-ahụ n'otu oge n'okpuru akwa akwa nke akpa iji mee ** elu elu (nrụgide elu) nke na-anwa ịse n'elu akpa ala na kọmpụta ma ọ bụ ahịhịa. Otu ahịrị akpa kwụ ọtọ enweghị obosara akara ukwu ọ ga-eji guzogide ntupu ma ọ bụ oke ala iji guzogide mbanye n'akụkụ n'akụkụ ihe mmiri mmiri.
  3. Site na-esi n'akpa akpa anya ihu: Naanị akpa aja anaghị emepụta akara hermetic; ha bụ ụrọ na-ejigide uka emebere iji jide isi hydraulic ma kwado akpụkpọ anụ plastik na-adịghị mmiri (** 6-mil polyethylene sheeting**). Ọbụna mgbidi akpa ájá a rụrụ nke ọma ga-akwa akwa mmiri na-asọ nwayọọ nwayọọ nke a ga-eji nfuli sump mee ihe ma ọ bụ kpochie ya n'akụkụ akọrọ.

Nkebi 2: Ndochi, mpịaji, na atụmatụ akpa aja (Usoro ndị otu mmadụ abụọ)

1. Ịhọrọ akpa aja kwesịrị ekwesị na ihe juju

  • ** Ihe akpa: *** Akpa polypropylene kpara akpa** (35 x 65 cm / 14 x 26 in) na UV stabilizers bụ ọkọlọtọ ọgbara ọhụrụ n'ihi na ha anaghị ere ere mgbe mmiri. ** Akpa burlap (hessian) *** na-akpụzi ntakịrị ka mma na elu na-enweghị isi ma nwee esemokwu dị elu megide ịmịpụ mgbe mmiri, na-eme ka ndị ọkachamara levee ndị ọkachamara ji ha kpọrọ ihe, n'agbanyeghị na ha na-emebi emebi mgbe otu oge ide mmiri gasịrị.
  • ** Ihe kacha mma juputara:*** ájá dị ọcha na nke ọkara** (ma ọ bụ ájá siri ike) dị mma n'ihi na ọ na-agbapụta nke ọma iji kpochie ọka ọnụ n'okpuru nrụgide ka ọ na-adị mfe.
    • N'ihe mberede na-enweghị ájá a na-asacha:* Ị nwere ike jupụta akpa na ájá ájá, ọmarịcha gravel, ma ọ bụ ala ubi, ** na-ezere nnukwu nkume dị nkọ ** (nke na-agbapụta akpa na-ahapụ oghere) na ** ụrọ dị arọ dị ọcha ** (nke na-adaba n'ime slick, griiz na-esighị ike mgbe mmiri na-eme ka akpa na-agbapụ ibe ya).
    • Ya adịla mgbe ọ bụla ịdabere na akpa gel polymer nke na-eku ume maka mmiri na-akpụ akpụ:* Akpa gel arụ ọrụ dị oke ọkụ (\(13\text{to }15\text{kg}\) nke mmiri na-ese n'elu mmiri nwere ihe dị nso-efu na-emikpu dị irè) ma fepụ ya ozugbo mmiri idei mmiri ruru ọkara elu ha.

2. Ergonomic 2-Onye na-ejuputa Rhythm

Ijuputa akpa ájá naanị ya na-agwụ ike; ijikọta mmepụta okpukpu abụọ ma gbochie mmerụ ahụ azụ: - ** Onye 1 (Onye na-ejide akpa):** Na-eguzo n'ụkwụ n'obosara ubu, ikpere na-ehulata ntakịrị, na-ejide akpịrị oghere nke akpa ahụ a na-atụgharị n'elu aka ha dị ka eriri na-ezu ike ** n'ala n'etiti ụkwụ ha ** (anaghị ejide ibu nke akpa ahụ kwụsịtụrụ na ikuku mgbe mmadụ na-agbaba na ya). - ** Onye nke abụọ (Onye na-akpụ akpụ): ** Na-ekpochapụ 3 ruo 4 gbara shọvel #2 - ibu ájá n'ime akpa ahụ ruo mgbe ọ ga-ejupụta ** ½ ruo ⅔ zuru , wee kpọọ * "Mgbanwe" mgbe akpa 20 ọ bụla, yabụ na ọ dịghị onye ọrụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ azụ ha. - Tiing vs. Ịhapụ n'ekedo: - Hapụ akpa enweghị atụ mgbe ọ bụla ị na-ejuputa n'akụkụ mgbidi ị na-ewu. Akpa agbasaghị na-agbakọ ngwa ngwa, na-atụfu oge efu na iji ejima na-afụ ụfụ, ma kwe ka apịaji elu elu dị larịị ma dịkwa mma ka apịaji nke ọma n'okpuru akpa ahụ. - ** Ọ bụrụ na ejujuru akpa n'ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke ime obodo wee bute ya n'ụlọ gị:* Kee eriri eserese ** nri n'akụkụ elu nke akpa ahụ**, agbadala n'etiti etiti ájá. Ijikọta nke ọma na egbugbere ọnụ elu na-ahapụ oghere dị sentimita 15 (6-inch) rụrụ arụ n'ime akpa ahụ ka ájá ahụ ka nwere ike gbasaa n'ime akụkụ anọ sara mbara mgbe a kpụrụ ya.

3. Tebụl mgbako aja aja: Akpa ole na tọn aja ole ka ị chọrọ?

N'ihi na otu akpa aja juru ebe dị ihe dị ka 10 cm dị elu $ ugboro$ 25 cm n'obosara $ ugboro $ 45 cm ogologo (4 na $ ugboro $ 10 na $ ugboro $ 18 na), akwa ** 3 ọ bụla na-agbakwunye 30 centimeters (1 ụkwụ) nke ịdị elu mgbidi ***:

Ihe mgbochi Target High Jiometry chịkọbara achọrọ Akpa achọrọ n'otu ** 1 Linear Mita (ụkwụ 3.3)** nke mgbidi Akpa achọrọ kwa mita 30 Linear (100 Feet)** nke mgbidi Aja chọrọ kwa mita 30 Linear (100 Feet)**
** 30 cm (1 ụkwụ) Elu**
(dịka ọmụmaatụ, Ọkọlọtọ 1- Ụzọ ụzọ mita ma ọ bụ ebe ebe nchekwa)		 ** Ahịrị otu-na-abụọ** (ihe ọmụmụ 3 dị elu, akpa 1 ruo 2 sara mbara na ntọala) ** akpa 20 ruo 30 *** kwa mita
(ihe dị ka akpa 6 ruo 9 n'otu ụkwụ linear)		 ** akpa 600 ruo 900 *** ** metric ton 10 ruo 15 ** ($ 7 ederede {ka } } ederede 10 {cubic yards}$)
** 60 cm (ụkwụ 2) Elu
 (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụ ụzọ patio, okporo ụzọ okporo ụzọ, okpuru ulo Walkout)		 ** Pyramid Stack ** (ihe ọmụmụ 6 dị elu; isi obosara $ ihe dị ka 1.5 ederede {na } } 1.8 ederede {m}$ / $ 5 ederede { gaa na } 6 ederede {ft} $) ** 70 ruo 100 akpa *** kwa mita
(ihe dị ka akpa 21 ruo 30 kwa ụkwụ linear)		 ** akpa 2,100 ruo 3,000 *** ** metric ton 35 ruo 50** (\(25\ederede {ka } }35\ederede {cubic yards}\))
90 cm (ụkwụ 3) Elu
* (Elu ebe obibi DIY Dike kacha mma)*		 ** Nzuzu 3:1 USACE Pyramid** (ihe ọmụmụ 9 dị elu; obosara ntọala \(\ihe dị ka 2.7 ederede{m}\) / \(9\text{ft}\)) ** 150 ruo 210 akpa *** kwa mita
(ihe dị ka akpa 45 ruo 65 kwa ụkwụ kwụ ọtọ)		 ** 4,500 ruo 6,300 akpa *** ** metric ton 75 ruo 105** (\(55\ederede {ka }75\ederede{cubic yards}\))

Nkebi nke 3: Nzọụkwụ-site-nzọụkwụ USACE Pyramid Stacking and Bonding Trench Technique

Soro usoro isii ndị a kpọmkwem iji wuo mgbidi ide mmiri nke na-agaghị amịpụta, tutuo, ma ọ bụ sachapụ:

Kwụpụ 1: Kpochapụ akara ukwu ahụ wee bee "Bonding Trench" (keyway)

Mmiri na-enwe mmasị ịdaba n'okpuru eriri ala dị nro dị n'etiti akpa aja kacha ala na ala: - N'elu ala ma ọ bụ ahịhịa: Wepụsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịpụ, ata, ahịhịa, osisi, na gravel rụrụ arụ n'ụzọ nke mgbidi gị. Gwuo oghere na-emighị emi Bonding Trench (Keyway) gbadaa etiti nke akara ukwu ** 10 centimita (inch 4) miri na 45 ruo 60 centimeters (18 ruo 24 sentimita) n'obosara** (ihe dị ka otu akpa ájá miri na akpa aja abụọ n'obosara). Iji ụzọ mbụ ị ga-esi na-ejuputa trenchi a gbachiri agbachi na-agbachi mgbidi ahụ n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ n'ime ụwa dị ka ebe mgbakwasị ụkwụ na-ejigide mgbidi ma na-ebipụ mgbọ mmiri n'okpuru ala site na mgbọrọgwụ ahịhịa. - ** N'elu ihe dị nro, asphalt, ma ọ bụ brik: ** Wepụ elu ahụ kpamkpam kpamkpam nke akwụkwọ na gravel, ma dina ala mpempe akwụkwọ ** 6-mil polyethylene plastic ** nke mbụ ka akpa na rọba na-etolite gasket na-aga n'ihu.

Kwụpụ 2: Mpịakọta flap n'okpuru wee tụọ ya elu

Otu esi etinye akpa nke ọ bụla na-ekpebi ma mgbidi ahụ ọ dị: 1. Were otu aka na-eji otu aka na-akwado ala na nke ọzọ na-ejide ihe mkpuchi elu nke efu. 2. Ka ị na-edobe akpa ahụ n'ọnọdụ, ** Tuchie eriri elu triangular efu (ihe dịka 15 cm / 6 na akwa) dị larịị n'okpuru ahụ nke akpa ahụ ** ka ịdị arọ nke ájá na-atụgharị oghere mechiri. 3. ** Usoro ntuziaka maka mmiri na-asọ asọ: *** Na-atụgharị akpa ahụ mgbe niile ka ** flap apịaji (ma ọ bụ olu kechie) na-atụ UPSTREAM (na-eche ihu ugbu a na-abịa)** na ala ụlọ nrụpụta mechiri emechi nke akpa ahụ na-eche ihu n'okpuru mmiri. N'ụzọ dị otú ahụ, mmiri na-agba ọsọ na-asọpụta nke ọma n'elu eriri apịaji kama ijide n'okpuru egbugbere ọnụ nke flap ahụ wee dọwaa akpa ahụ.

Nzọụkwụ 3: Stampụ ọ bụla akpa Flat ("Tamp na overlap dị ka brickwork")

Atụbakwala akpa na ikpo: - Ozugbo i tinyechara akpa, ** jiri akpụkpọ ụkwụ abụọ na tamp (ije ije / stampụ) gbadaa na ya ** ka ájá ahụ na-adịghị na-agbasa n'akụkụ ya, na-akpụzi nke ọma megide akpa agbata obi wee wepụ akpa ikuku ọ bụla n'okpuru. - ** Ma na nsọtụ ala nke akpa na-esote kpuchiri ekpuchi-n'okpuru flap nke akpa gara aga , na-ekpuchi njedebe naanị ntakịrị ka enwere mgbape kwụ ọtọ n'etiti akpa. - Tụgharịa akwa elu ọ bụla site na ọkara ($ ½$) ogologo akpa gbadoro ụkwụ n'elu akwa nke akpa abụọ dị n'okpuru ya, dị ka onye na-agba brik na-edobe mgbidi brik ( na-agba ọsọ*). Ya adịla mgbe ekwela ka eriri kwụ ọtọ kwụ n'ahịrị n'elu ibe ya.

Kwụpụ 4: Ụzọ ọzọ ogologo ("Stretchers") na Crosswise ("Ndị isi") na pyramid 3-na-1

Maka mgbidi ọ bụla karịa ọkwa 3 (30 cm / 1 ụkwụ) toro ogologo, wuo ** Pyramid Cross-Section ** ebe ntọala ahụ dị ** 3 ugboro n'obosara karịa ịdị elu kwụ ọtọ ** (ọ gwụla ma a na-agbanye akpa ndị ahụ ozugbo megide mgbidi ụlọ siri ike, n'ọnọdụ nke isi ahụ kwesịrị ịdịkarịa ala 1.5 ruo 2 ugboro n'ịdị elu): - ** Agụmakwụkwọ 1 (Igbo ala):** Debe akpa ** gafee n'okirikiri (ndị isi)** dabere na ntụzịaka nke mgbidi ahụ. - ** Agụmakwụkwọ 2: *** Dịrị akpa ** ogologo ogologo (ndị na-agbatị)** n'akụkụ ntụzịaka nke mgbidi ahụ, na-abanye n'ime ya ihe dịka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke obosara akpa n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla. - ** Agụmakwụkwọ 3: *** Dina akpa ** crosswise (ndị isi)** ọzọ, na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe akwa ọ bụla ruo mgbe elu pyramid ahụ gwụchara na akpa 1 ruo 2 n'obosara.

Kwụpụ 5: Kechie akụkụ Wet na mpempe akwụkwọ plastik polyethylene 6-Mil ("The Waterproof Apron")

Iji gbutuo ihu mgbidi site na ihe karịrị 95%, wụnye ** Plastic Sheeting Apron ** n'akụkụ mmiri (mmiri chere ihu) nke mgbidi akpa aja gị: 1. Tupu ịtọọ ahịrị ala ala gị, kpọghee mpempe akwụkwọ buru ibu nke ** 6-mil (0.15 mm) rọba polyethylene dị arọ na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ ala n'ihu mgbidi ahụ. 2. Debe otu ahịrị arịlịka nke akpa aja n'akụkụ mpụta nke rọba ahụ n'ala, ma ọ bụ tinye ọnụ ala rọba ahụ n'okpuru ahịrị ihu nke pyramid gị. 3. Wuo mgbidi pyramid nke akpa ájá gị ozugbo n'azụ rọba ahụ. 4. Ozugbo mgbidi akpa aja gwụchara, ** dọpụta mpempe plastik na-adịghị ahụkebe n'elu ihu mmiri nke akpa aja ma tụgharịa ya n'okpueze dị n'elu ***, na-eji ahịrị okpu ikpeazụ nke akpa aja na-adaba n'elu ọnụ ọnụ ala. - ** Ihe kpatara nke a ji arụ ọrụ: ** Ka idei mmiri na-ebili na mgbidi ahụ, nnukwu ibu nke mmiri ahụ na-agbanye mpempe akwụkwọ plastik na-agbanwe nke ọma n'ihu akpa ájá na ala dị n'ihu mgbidi ahụ, na-emepụta gasket hydraulic na-ekpuchi onwe ya. *

Nkebi nke 4: Ọnụ ụzọ na-emechi ọnụ ụzọ, ọnụ ụzọ ebe ndọba ụgbọala, oghere oghere, na mmiri mmiri nke ime ime.

1. Ọnụ ụzọ Mpụga & Ihe mkpuchi Patio na-amị amị

Iji mechie ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ọkọlọtọ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ patio na-amị amị megide 30 ruo 45 centimeters (12 ruo 18 inch) mmiri: 1. Beepụ mpempe akwụkwọ ** 6-mil polyethylene plastic ** 60 centimeters (2 ụkwụ) obosara karịa ọnụ ụzọ na 90 centimeters (3 ụkwụ) ogologo karịa omimi ide mmiri a tụrụ anya ya. 2. Iji ** nnukwu ihe mgbochi butyl na-egbu maramara ma ọ bụ teepu stucco mpụta **, kpachie akụkụ aka ekpe na aka nri nke mpempe akwụkwọ plastik ahụ nke ọma na brik mpụta ma ọ bụ siding n'akụkụ abụọ nke ọnụ ụzọ ahụ, na-ahapụ ala 60 centimeters (2 ụkwụ) dina ala n'ala ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata n'ihu ọnụ ụzọ. 3. Dọkọta mgbidi akpa aja nwere nnukwu akpa ** 2 ozugbo n'elu sket rọba n'ala ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata, na-apịnye akpa ndị ahụ n'akụkụ ọnụ ụzọ rọba.

2. Gịnị mere na ị na-ekwesịghị mechie a mkpa oghere aluminom ebe ndọba ụgbọala megide miri iju mmiri.

Ọkọlọtọ 2.4 ruo-5-mita (8 ruo 16-ụkwụ) obosara akụkụ ọnụ ụzọ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala bụ nke aluminom dị mkpa ma ọ bụ ígwè na-ezu ike na egwu rola dị fechaa. - Ọ bụrụ na ị kwakọba akpa aja na rọba n'èzí nke ọnụ ụzọ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala mechiri emechi, mmiri idei mmiri na-ebilite ** 30 ruo 40 centimeters (12 na 16 sentimita asatọ)**, obosara nke ọnụ ụzọ ígwè ahụ dị gịrịgịrị enweghị ike ịkwado ọtụtụ puku kilogram nke nrụgide mmiri n'akụkụ: ** ọnụ ụzọ ebe ndọba ụgbọala ga-ehulata n'ime ma gbapụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ya ***, na-ezipụ ebili mmiri ahụ. - ** Nchekwa ebe nchekwa ka mma: *** lekwasị anya na akpa aja gị na ihe mgbochi rọba gafee ** warara, oghere siri ike nke ọnụ ụzọ ntinye ụlọ na-eduga na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala banye na kichin ma ọ bụ paseeji gị (ma bulie ihe n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala n'elu shelf dị elu).

3. Ịkwụsị "Geyser ime ime ụlọ zoro ezo": mmiri mmiri na ụlọ mposi

Mgbe oke mmiri ozuzo kpuchiri oke mmiri ozuzo obodo na ọwa mmiri dị ọcha n'okporo ámá, ọkwa mmiri dị n'ime oghere ndị dị n'okporo ámá na-ebili elu karịa ala ụlọ gị. Site n'iwu nke ụgbọ mmiri na-ekwurịta okwu, ** nsị na-adịghị ọcha na-akwado site na nkedo-ígwè nke dị n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ PVC drainpipe wee pụta n'ime ihe nkwụnye pọmpụ kacha ala n'ụlọ gị *** (lee. nkwado ndabere na mpaghara nsị):

Ebe ntinye azụ n'ime ime Ụzọ nkwụnye ihe mberede (Tupu mmiri abiala) Ịdọ aka ná ntị nchekwa dị mkpa
** Mkpọpu nke ala ala (50 to 100 mm / 2 to 4 in ọkpọkọ)** Mepee grate metal strainer wee fanye ihe nkwụnye ** Mechanical Expanding Rubber Test *** (obere cylinder roba nwere eriri ọla T-aka ma ọ bụ akị nku nke na-agbasa nke ọma n'ime mgbidi ọkpọkọ mgbe a na-atụgharị ya na elekere). Ejila akwa kichin rọba dị larịị n'elu mgbapu ala; Nrụgide ọwa mmiri dị elu na-ebuli ute dị larịị n'ime sekọnd. Ihe nrụnye na-agbasawanye plọg na-akpọchi n'ime ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ.
** Ụlọ ime ụlọ okpuru ulo ma ọ bụ ala-ala *** Wepu mkpuchi tank ma mechie valvụ mmiri. Kechie akpa aja zuru oke (ma ọ bụ akwa akwa akwa akwa nke akpọchiri gburugburu nnukwu dumbbell) n'ime nnukwu ** akpa ahịhịa ahịhịa** abụọ, wụba ya nke ọma n'ime akpịrị gbagọrọ agbagọ nke nnukwu efere mposi iji mechie ọnyà ahụ, ma kwadoo kwụ ọtọ **2x4 Ogwe osisi *** n'etiti bọọdụ plywood dị n'elu mkpuchi ụlọ mposi mechiri emechi yana okpuru ulo okpuru ulo ma ọ bụrụ na nrụgide nsị dị oke. Na-enweghị Mainline Sewer Backwater Valve, ụlọ mposi okpuru ulo bụ ugwu mgbawa 100-millimita (inch 4) mepere emepe jikọtara na ọwa mmiri okporo ụzọ.
** Igwe a na-asa akwa & igwe eji eme ihe *** Wepụ eriri igwe na-asa ahụ na ọkpọkọ kwụ ọtọ wee kụchie ihe nkwụnye nnwale roba na-agbasa ** n'ime oghere nkwụnye nkwụnye (na n'ime mmiri sink akụrụngwa). Ejila igwe na-asa ákwà ma ọ bụ efere efere gị mgbe ị na-ebufe ọwa mmiri n'okporo ámá.
** Ntọala ikuku ikuku & olulu mmiri okpuru ulo *** Bee otu mpempe **19 mm (3/4-inch) plywood nke mpụta *** ka ọ dabara n'elu oghere crawlspace ma ọ bụ etiti windo, kechie ya na mpempe plastik ** 6-mil **, kpochie ya ma ọ bụ tụba ya n'ime oghere, ma kpochie pyramid nke akpa aja n'èzí plywood. Mpempe windo okpuru ulo iko na-akụrisị n'okpuru naanị 20 centimeters (8 inch) nke nrụgide mmiri ọ gwụla ma ejiri plywood na akpa aja kpuchie ya n'èzí.

Nkeji 5: Ijikwa na mkpofu akpa aja emetọọ mgbe iju mmiri gachara

Ozugbo idei mmiri dalata, akpa aja dị mmiri dị arọ (25 ruo 30 n'arọ / 55 ruo 65 lbs nke ọ bụla) wee metọọ ya na mmiri nsị, E. coli, tetanus spores, ọgwụ pesticide ọrụ ugbo, na mpụta mmanụ ala: 1. ** Yiri Nitrile/Rubber kemịkalụ kemịkalụ, Nchedo anya na akpụkpọ ụkwụ mmiri na-egbochi mmiri** mgbe ọ bụla ị na-ejikwa akpa aja ide mmiri juru. Jiri ncha na mmiri dị ọcha saa aka nke ọma tupu i metụ ihu ma ọ bụ iri nri. 2. Atụpụla uzuzu mmiri idei mmiri n'ime igbe ụmụaka, ubi akwụkwọ nri, ma ọ bụ ogige egwuregwu. 3. ** Kewapụrụ akpa dị ọcha nke a na-ejighị n'aka na akpa idei mmiri metụtara:** A ga-ekpochapụ akpa aja metụrụ mmiri idei mmiri ahụ n'ezie n'ebe a na-anakọta iju mmiri nke ọchịchị obodo ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ya naanị maka ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị ebe obibi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara gị gwara ya.

Nọmba mberede mpaghara na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ

N'oge nnukwu ịdọ aka ná ntị ide mmiri, ndị ime obodo na-emepe ájá na-enye onwe ya na ebe nchekwa akpa efu na agbasa ozi amụma crest osimiri:

  • United States:
  • ** Nnapụta Iju mmiri na-eyi ndụ egwu: *** Kpọọ 911. Ọ dịghị mgbe ịnya ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ na-eje ije na mmiri idei mmiri na-akpụ akpụ ("Tụgharịanụ, Ekpula").
  • ** Mpaghara Sandbag nke obodo & Enyemaka na-abụghị Mberede:** Kpọọ 211************************************************************************************************************************************************************************* ma ọ bụ lelee webụsaịtị ụlọọrụ nlekọta ihe mberede nke mpaghara gị maka ọdụ ájá na akpa efu (weta shọvel nke gị).
  • ** US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) & National Weather Service (NWS):** Nyochaa amụma crest osimiri n'ezie na water.weather.gov ma soro ** FEMA P-348 / P-312 ** ntụzịaka mgbochi ide mmiri.
  • Canada:
  • Nzọpụta ihe mberede: Kpọọ 911. Kpọọ 211******** ma ọ bụ 311 maka maapụ ebe nchekwa akpa aja nke ime obodo na amụma idei mmiri mpaghara (dị ka ** EmergencyInfoBC**, Alberta Rivers, Mma amụma Iju Mmiri Ontario*, ma ọ bụ Urgence Québec).
  • United Kingdom:
  • Nzọpụta ihe mberede: Kpọọ 999.
  • ** 24-Hour Iju Mmiri:** Kpọọ ** 0345 988 1188** gafee England, Wales (** Natural Resources Wales**), na Scotland (SEPA), ma ọ bụ 0300 2000 100 na Northern Ireland (Ide mmiri ozuzo Line). Rịba ama na ndị kansụl ime obodo UK na-ebute ụzọ mbufe akpa aja maka akụrụngwa dị oke mkpa na ndị bi n'enweghị nsogbu na ndekọ aha ọrụ mbụ, yabụ ndị nwe ụlọ nọ na koodu ozi idei mmiri ga-echekwa 25 ruo 50 na-ejuputaghị akpa ájá polypropylene na mpịakọta nke akpụkpọ anụ polythene dị arọ.DPM) n'ebe a na-awụfu ha n'afọ.
  • European Union:
  • ** Nnapụta ihe mberede: ** Kpọọ ** 112 ** (ma ọ bụ ** 112 / 18** na France, ** 112 ** maka * Teknụzụ Hilfswerk [THW]* na ndị na-agba ọkụ na Germany). Nyochaa ọkwa gbasara mmiri mmiri nke mba (dị ka Vigicrues na France ma ọ bụ Hochwasserzentralen na Germany).
  • Australia na New Zealand:
  • Australia: Kpọọ 000 maka nnapụta ide mmiri na-eyi ndụ egwu, ma ọ bụ kpọọ State Emergency Service (SES) na 132 500 n'ebe ọ bụla n'Australia maka enyemaka akpa aja mberede na ebe nchekwa akpa mmiri ide mmiri.
  • New Zealand: Kpọọ 111 maka nnapụta, ma ọ bụ kpọtụrụ ndị otu Civil Defence Emergency Management (CDEM) mpaghara gị maka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.
  • India na Asia-Pacific:
  • India: Kpọọ 112 ma ọ bụ National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Control Room na 011-24363260/1078 n'oge idei mmiri obodo mepere emepe.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị

Kedu ihe kpatara na akpa aja ga-ejupụta naanị ọkara ruo ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ karịa ka ọ ga-eru n'elu?

Akpa ájá jupụtara n'elu na-aghọ cylinder gbara gburugburu nke na-eru kilogram 25 ruo 30 (paụnd 55 ruo 65) nke na-apụghị ịgbagha ma ọ bụ kwekọọ na akpa ndị dị n'okpuru ya. Ikpokọ cylinders siri ike na-ahapụ oghere triangular n'etiti akpa ọ bụla ebe idei mmiri na-asọfe ozugbo. Na-ejuputa akpa ọ bụla naanị ọkara na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ zuru ezu (ihe dị ka kilogram 15 ruo 18 / 33 ruo 40 pound) na-enye ohere ka ájá dị n'ime ya gbasaa dị ka mgwakota agwa mgbe ị na-agbanye ya, na-akpụzi nke ọma n'ime oghere ọ bụla na ịmepụta ihe mgbochi siri ike.

Kedu ụzọ apịaji ihu ma ọ bụ kechie njedebe nke ihu akpa aja?

Nke mbụ, hapụ akpa aja ka a tọghee ya mgbe ọ bụla enwere ike ma tụgharịa triangle elu ahụ efu efu n'okpuru ahụ nke akpa ahụ ka ibu nke akpa ahụ wee jide ya. Mgbe ị na-ewu mgbidi n'akụkụ iyi na-asọ asọ, okporo ụzọ ugbu a, ma ọ bụ ọwa mmiri na-asọpụta, na-atụ aka mgbe niile flap apịaji (ma ọ bụ olu kechie) UPSTREAM, na-eche ihu ozugbo n'ime ugbu a na-abịa, yabụ mmiri na-akpụ akpụ na-aga nke ọma n'ofe ahụ kama ijide n'okpuru flap na saa ájá.

Olee otú obosara ala nke mgbidi akpa aja kwesịrị ịdị ka ọ ghara ịdaba?

Maka ihe mgbochi akpa aja ọ bụla toro ogologo karịa 30 centimeters (1 ụkwụ, ma ọ bụ 3 n'ígwé nke akpa), United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) na-akọwapụta akụkụ obe nke pyramid nke ntọala ya dị okpukpu atọ karịa ogologo ogologo mgbidi (Iwu 3-na-1). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbidi idei mmiri dị 60 centimita (ụkwụ 2) n'ogologo chọrọ ntọala dị ihe dị ka mita 1.8 (ụkwụ 6) n'obosara n'ala, na-agbago elu n'usoro ọmụmụ brik.

Gịnị mere ụlọ m ji ka na-ejupụta na mmiri ruru unyi n'agbanyeghị na mgbidi akpa aja m dị n'èzí jide?

N'oge oké ifufe, oké ifufe nke ime obodo na ọwa mmiri dị ọcha n'okporo ámá na-ejupụta ma na-enwe nrụgide. Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa mmiri dị n'ọwa mmiri dị n'okporo ámá na-ebili elu karịa ala ụlọ gị, nsị na-asọghachi azụ site na mmiri mmiri dị n'okpuru ala gị wee si na mmiri mmiri dị n'okpuru ala gị pụta, ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ebe a na-asa ákwà, na ụlọ mposi okpuru ulo. Ị ga-agbanyerịrị plọg nyocha igwe rọba na-agbasawanye n'ime mmiri mmiri niile nke okpuru ulo na nkwụnye ụlọ mposi dị larịị tupu ị wuo mgbidi akpa aja gị n'èzí.

Enwere m ike ijikwa akpa aja mgbe idei mmiri gafechara?

Akpa aja na-adịghị eji eme ihe na ájá dị ọcha nke na-emetụghị mmiri idei mmiri nwere ike akpọnwụ ma chekwaa ya pụọ ​​​​na ìhè anyanwụ maka ojiji n'ọdịnihu. Otú ọ dị, akpa ájá ọ bụla batara na mmiri idei mmiri n'ezie, a ghaghị ịgwọ ya dị ka ihe e metọrọ n'ụzọ ndụ na nke kemịkal (n'ihi na idei mmiri na-enwekarị nsị nsị, E. coli, na mmanụ okporo ámá). Yiri gloves rọba dị arọ mgbe ị na-akwatu mgbidi akpa aja dị mmiri mmiri, etinyelarị ájá iju mmiri eji eme ihe n'ebe a na-egwuri egwu ụmụaka ma ọ bụ n'ubi akwụkwọ nri, ma soro iwu mkpofu mmiri nke obodo gị.

Ntuziaka emetụtara

Isi mmalite na nduzi ọchịchị

  • United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE): * Akwụkwọ ntuziaka ọgụ ide mmiri: Na-akwado maka ọgụ Iju mmiri (Bag Sandbag Filling, Pyramid Stacking, Bonding Trench, and Polyethylene Sheeting Protocols)* na * USACE Northwest Division Sandbagging Pamphlet*.
  • ** Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mberede Federal (FEMA, United States): *** FEMA P-312: Nduzi onye nwe ụlọ na-emegharịghachi (Ụzọ isii iji chebe ụlọ gị pụọ na idei mmiri)* na * FEMA P-348: Chebe Ụlọ Ọrụ Utility Sistemu site na Mmebi Iju Mmiri (Backflow Valves and Drain Plugs)*.
  • ** Environment Agency (United Kingdom):** Akpa ájá: Otu esi eji ha nke ọma iji chebe ihe onwunwe gị pụọ na idei mmiri na National Flood Forum Ntụziaka ọkwa ihe onwunwe.
  • ** Ọrụ Mberede steeti Victoria (VICSES) & NSW State Emergency Service (Australia):** Ntuziaka akpa aja zuru oke: Otu esi emeju, dina, na tufuo akpa aja n'udo.
  • North Dakota State University (NDSU) Usoro Mgbatị Iju Mmiri: AE-626: Akpa aja maka Nchekwa Iju mmiri (Ngụkọta Ngwunye Mmiri Hydrostatic na 1:3 Ratios-to-Height Ratios).