Lathe, Drill Press, na Mgbakwụnye Spindle Na-atụgharị: Nkwụsị Mberede na Nlekọta Ahụhụ¶

Ngwunye igwe na-arụ ọrụ igwe, igwe lathes osisi, igwe kwụ otu ebe kwụ ọtọ, na igwe igwe igwe na-egwe ọka bụ otu n'ime igwe anaghị agbaghara n'ụlọ ahịa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ebe a na-eme ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala n'ụlọ n'ihi na mkpịsị aka ha ekpughere, chucks, na skru edu na-agbagharị n'okpuru nnukwu torque na ọsọ ọsọ nke ** 300 ruo 3,000 revolutions kwa nkeji (RPM)** N'adịghị ka eriri okirikiri nke na-egbutu ma na-akwapụ mkpịsị aka, ihe na-agbagharị agbagharị ma ọ bụ ihe na-agbagharị agbagharị na-ejide akwa a kpara akpa, uwe ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ, ogologo aka uwe, mgbanaka, ma ọ bụ ntutu na-adịghị mma ma na-efegharị ụkwụ mmadụ n'akụkụ ogwe ígwè na ** 2 ruo 10 mita kwa nkeji (6.5 ruo 33 ụkwụ kwa nkeji)**. Na 1,200 RPM, 10-centimeter-dayameta (4-inch-dayameta) lathe workpiece na-emecha ** 20 ntụgharị zuru oke n'ime otu sekọnd **, na-adọta ogwe aka ma ọ bụ isi onye ọrụ n'ime akwa igwe tupu ụbụrụ mmadụ enwee ike ịhazigharị nhụta anya 0.25 nke abụọ. Ihe na-egbukwa egbu bụ ** igodo lathe chuck hapụrụ na chuck ***, nke na-ebufe n'ofe ụlọ ahịa ahụ dị ka hamma ígwè ozugbo moto spindle malitere. Ọ bụrụ na mgbakwụnye igwe na-agbagharị agbagharị, mmekpa ahụ, ma ọ bụ na-efe efe chuck-key, kpọọ nọmba mberede mpaghara gị ozugbo (911 na United States na Canada, 112 gafee European Union, 999 na United Kingdom) ma ọ bụ lelee akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ụwa anyị nke nọmba mberede. Maka ogbugba ọbara ozugbo na usoro igbupụ ụkwụ, gụọ ntuziaka anyị na igbupụ ihe nhụsianya: mkpịsị aka, aka, na ichekwa ụkwụ, njikwa ọbara ọgbụgba siri ike, na angle grinder disc gbajiri, table hụrụ kickback, na trauma ogbako.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

1. Slam the red mushroom Emergency Stop (E-Stop) Bọtịnụ ma sụọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu Mechanical/electrical Foot Brake Pedal ozugbo, wee gbanyụọ ma kpọchie isi mgbidi disconnect breaker. inertia ma ọ bụrụ na ** breeki mkpịsị ụkwụ na-arụ ọrụ* dara mbà n'obi. Ịkwụsị mgbidi mgbidi ahụ na-achọpụta na igwe enweghị ike ịmalitegharị na mberede ebe ndị nnapụta na-ejide aka ha n'ime agba agba.
2. ** atụgharịghachila moto igwe ahụ azụ azụ ka ọ tọghee ogwe aka, aka, ma ọ bụ isi isi.** Ịtụnye moto nwere ike n'aka nke ọzọ na-emetụta ike mgbaji na akụkụ nke gbajiri agbaji, gbagọrọ agbagọ, na-eme ka ebipụ ma ọ bụ dọkasị akwara akwara. Kama, ozugbo akpọchiri isi ihe na-agbaji eletrik n'ọnọdụ OFF, tụgharịa levers lathe headstock gearbox n'ime ** Neutral (ọnọdụ enweghị ntụpọ)** wee tụgharịa azụ azụ ** nwayọọ nwayọọ site n'aka *** ka ị na-ewepụ uwe ma ọ bụ ntutu nke merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu na akwa trauma.
3. ** Jikwaa ọbara ọgbụgba akwara ozugbo site na iji nrụgide ozugbo ma ọ bụ njem nlegharị anya windlass azụmahịa na-etinye 5 ruo 7 centimeters (2 ruo 3 sentimita) n'elu ọnya ahụ.** Deba ama otu ọdịiche ịwa ahụ dị oke egwu: ** mgbapụ mgbakasị ahụ na-atụgharị* (ebe a na-agbagọ ogwe aka ma ọ bụ mkpịsị aka wee dọpụ ya site n'ogwe na-agbagharị agbagharị) na-agbatị mgbidi nke bran ruo mgbe a na-agbatị mgbidi bran. na spasm mechiri na mbụ, naanị ibido ** nnukwu akwara akwara na-eyi ndụ egwu na-efegharị nkeji iri ruo iri atọ ka e mesịrị** ka ọbara mgbali na-agbake ma ọ bụ ụgbọ ahụ daa jụụ. Tinye njem nlegharị anya dị elu na nke siri ike ozugbo maka nbipu akụkụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ nhịahụ siri ike wee dee oge itinye n'egedege ihu.
4. ** Ọ bụrụ na ogologo ntutu isi ma ọ bụ isi isi na-ejikọta ya na mkpịsị ọkpọ ma ọ bụ screw lead, kwadoo ibu nke isi na olu onye ahụ ozugbo tupu ịcha ntutu n'efu. Mee ka otu onye nnapụta jide isi na olu onye ahụ n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ ebe onye nnapụta nke abụọ na-akpụ ntutu isi nke ọma n'etiti akpụkpọ ụkwụ na mkpịsị mkpịsị ụkwụ, ma ọ bụrụ na akụkụ nke akpụkpọ anụ akpụkpọ anụ agbakasịworo kpamkpam, chekwaa anụ ahụ ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ na gauze dị jụụ n'ime akpa rọba na ice maka ntụgharị microvascular.
5. ** Chekwaa mkpịsị aka ọ bụla e bepụrụ ebipụ, aka, ma ọ bụ mpịaji akpụkpọ ahụ site n'iji usoro akọrọ nke dị okpukpu atọ, etinyela anụ ahụ e bepụrụ ozugbo n'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ na ice na-adịghị. akpa n'ime akpa nke abụọ juputara na ** slush ngwakọta nke ice na mmiri **.
6. **Ewela uwe aka ọ bụla (akpụkpọ anụ, owu, Kevlar, ma ọ bụ nitrile siri ike), ogologo aka uwe, hoodies nwere eriri, elekere, mgbanaka, ma ọ bụ ntutu a tọpụrụ n'ime mita 1 (ụkwụ 3.3) nke lathe na-agba ọsọ, igwe na-egwupụta ihe, ma ọ bụ igwe igwe igwe. azụ nke ogwe **; jide eriri ahụ naanị site na nsọtụ abụọ ya na nkwụ dị larịị mepere emepe n'akụkụ ihu (ma ọ bụ tinye ya na paddle nkwado osisi) ka ọ na-ewepụta nke ọma na mkpịsị aka gị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-ada.

Osisi mkpebi: mkpịsị mkpịsị mkpịsị aka na-atụgharị, mkpochapụ na nlekọta trauma¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Mberede igwe na-atụgharị: Lathe, Drill Press, ma ọ bụ Mgbakwunye/ Mmetụta"] --> Step1["Mkpuchi igwe ozugbo: 1. Slam breeki n'ụkwụ + Slam Red E-Stop Button 2. Tụfuo mgbanyụ ọkụ eletrik nke isi mgbidi ka ọ bụrụ gbanyụọ 3. akwụsịla ịgbanwe moto n'ime reverse nwere ikike."]

    Step1 --> Status{"Onye ahụ a tara ahụhụ ka nwere n'ike n'ike n'ime mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ mkpọ?"}

    Status -->|"1. EE: Ụkwụ, Uwe, ma ọ bụ ntutu na-emerụ ahụ nke ọma na gburugburu ogwe"| TrapType{"Kedu akụkụ ahụ gbakọtara?"}

    TrapType -->|"Adọbatara ogwe aka, Aka, ma ọ bụ Torso n'ime Lathe Chuck"| LimbFree["1. Tinye windlass tourniquet proximal tourniquet ka ọ tọrọ atọ tupu ịtọhapụ ya ma ọ bụrụ na egwepịa ya/na-agba ọbara 2. Shift headstock gear levers na anọpụ iche (ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-apụ apụ) 3. Beechapụ akwa ọnya na akwa trauma ma ọ bụ mma bara uru Rota na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akpụ akpụ azụ. ọkpụkpụ"]

    TrapType -->|"Ntutu ma ọ bụ isi a dọbatara n'ime igwe egwu egwu ma ọ bụ mkpọsa ndu"| ScalpFree["MKPỤTA SCALP & C-SPINE: 1. Onye nnapụta 1: ozugbo jide ma kwado isi onye ihe metụtara na spain cervical 2. Nnapụta 2: Beechapụ eriri ntutu na-adịghị edozi n'etiti akpụkpọ ụkwụ na mkpịsị ụkwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ohere na-enye ohere 3. Ọ bụrụ na akpụkpọ anụ ahụ na-emerụ ahụ n'osisi, wepụ belt/pulley na unwind siri ike site na mkpịsị aka na-agbapụ. chekwaa isi awọ na-ekpo ọkụ na gauze dị mma"]

    Status -->|"2. Mba: A tụbara onye ihe ahụ metụtara anya ma ọ bụ akụkụ ebipụla ya"| TraumaCheck{"Kedu ihe bụ isi mmerụ ahụ?"}

    TraumaCheck -->|"Mkpịsị aka zuru oke ma ọ bụ akụkụ dị iche iche / Mkpịsị aka nke mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ ogwe aka"| AmpCare["AMPUTATION & DEGLOVING PROTOCOL: 1. Tinye siri ike kpọmkwem nrụgide + elu na-akpachi anya tourniquet maka isi akụkụ ọbara ọgbụgba 2. Split partial beputation in anatomical alignment (adịghị ebipụ akpụkpọ àkwà mmiri) 3. Kechie kewaa akụkụ ke keguru mmiri sterile gauze -> akara na plastic akpa -> placelu na ice akpa"]

    TraumaCheck -->|"Kwuru n'ime igbe, ihu ma ọ bụ isi site na igodo Chuck ma ọ bụ ihe arụrụ arụ"| BluntCare["Ọdịnihu dị elu na-agba ọkụ / abanye n'ọgba aghara: 1. Jikwaa nkwụsi ike nke spine cervical 2. Kpochapụ ọbara ma ọ bụ ezé gbajiri agbaji site na ụzọ ikuku; gbadaa n'ihu ma ọ bụ tụgharịa n'akụkụ ma ọ bụrụ na agbọ agbọ 3. Mechie ọnya obi mepere emepe na akụkụ 3 ma ọ bụ ventilashị; kpọọ 911/112/999"]

Biomechanics nke njikọ 1,500-RPM: gịnị kpatara mmeghachi omume mmadụ enweghị ike ịhapụ¶

Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ igwe nwere ahụmahụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ osisi kwenyere na ọ bụrụ na mpempe akwụkwọ emery, akwa ụlọ ahịa, ma ọ bụ eriri na-adịghị mma na-enweta ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-agbagharị agbagharị, na ha ga-emeghe mkpịsị aka ha ma hapụ aka ha tupu ha adọba aka.

1. Mgbakọ Mkpuchi Mkpuchi 80-Millisekọnd vs 250-Millisekọnd Oge Mmeghachi omume mmadụ¶

Tụlee onye na-arụ ọrụ na-ehichapụ ogwe nchara dị dayameta ** 75-millimita (3-inch) na-agbagharị n'ime igwe lathe njin na ọsọ na-egbuke egbuke nke 1,200 RPM : - ** Ọsọ elu elu: Na 1,200 RPM, okirikiri nke ogwe osisi 75-millimita ahụ bụ \(0.2356\text{meters}\) (\(9.27\text{inch}\)), ma ọ na-emecha 20 revolutions kwa sekọnd. Mpụta elu igwe igwe na-agafe mkpịsị aka onye ọrụ na 4.71 mita kwa nkeji (15.5 feet kwa nkeji). - ** Oge mmeghachi omume mmadụ na-ahụ anya na nke tactile: Site na ngwa ngwa ntugharị igwe na-akpali ndị mechanoreceptors na mkpịsị aka gị, ọ na-ewe ihe dị ka * 150 ruo 250 milliseconds (0.15 ruo 0.25 sekọnd)* maka mkpali akwara rute ụbụrụ, na-edozi ya site na moto cortex, na-aga ala median/radial akwara maka akwara ume. - ** Ogologo aka gị na-aga tupu ụbụrụ gị amata na ọ na-agbaji:** N'ime oge ahụ 0.20 nke abụọ na-egbu oge, tupu ụbụrụ gị amalite iziga iwu imeghe aka gị, eriri lathe agbagharịworị ** 4 oge zuru ezu ** ma merụọ na ** 94 centimeters (37 sentimita) nke ákwà, uwe, ma ọ bụ ogwe aka ***. Aka gị, nkwojiaka, ogwe aka, na ubu ka agbachielarị n'okirikiri ebe a na-atụgharị tupu ị mata na ọnyà ahụ mere.

2. The "Chinese Finger Trap" mgbochi nke kpara akwa na emery ákwà¶

Mgbe onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ jide akwa akwa aluminom-oxide emery kpara akpa ma ọ bụ akwa ụlọ ahịa owu n'okirikiri osisi na-agbagharị agbagharị, ma ọ bụ yiri uwe owu/Kevlar kpara akpa: - Otu oghere ihe na-ahụ anya ma ọ bụ oghere igodo dị n'okiri ụkwụ na-agbagharị agbagharị na-ejide isi akụkụ nke akwa ahụ wee tụgharịa ya n'okpuru mkpuchi na-esote. - N'ime mgbanwe 1 ($ 0.05\text{sekọnd} $), akwa nke abụọ na-ejide mkpịsị aka onye ọrụ na mkpịsị aka ndeksi n'okpuru eriri akwa na-agbatị akwa (ọkọlọtọ \(25\text{-millimeter}\) [\(1\text{-inch}\)] emery nke akwa na-akwado nwere njiri agbaji na-agbaji ọhụrụ ruo 1 s9800). 400 pound-ike]). - The esemokwu capstan mmetụta ($T_2 = T_1 capstan ihe $) igbachi ákwà n'akụkụ aro dị ka a mmiri winch drum, snapping phalanges na sere dum nsọtụ elu site na warara oghere n'etiti spinning workpiece na nkedo-ígwè lathe bed.

Tụnyere ihe egwu igwe na-atụgharị, usoro mmerụ ahụ na njikwa ụlọ ahịa¶

Mwepụ nke nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ na nlekọta ahụike maka onye tọrọ atọ¶

Mgbe a dọbatara onye ọrụ ibe ma ọ bụ onye òtù ezinụlọ n'ime ebe a na-egwupụta ihe ma ọ bụ ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, ọnọdụ ahụ na-agba aghara na egwu. Ịgbaso usoro usoro nzọụkwụ anọ akwadoro na-egbochi mmerụ ahụ nke abụọ na onye nnapụta ma na-azọpụta ndụ onye ahụ.

Kwụpụ 1: Wepụ ike, breeki, ma kpọchie ya (nkeji 0 ruo 5)¶

1. ** See breeki ụkwụ na E-Kwụsị:** Na lathes ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ (nke kwekọrọ na ANSI B11.6 na ISO 23125), ogwe ụkwụ na-acha uhie uhie ma ọ bụ edo edo zuru oke na-aga n'akụkụ ala n'okpuru ebe mgbawa mgbawa. Ịzọ ụkwụ n'ogwe ahụ n'otu oge na-eme njem nlegharị anya nchekwa eletrik wee tinye breeki igwe ma ọ bụ electromagnetic n'okirikiri.
2. ** Gbanyụọ mgbidi ahụ ma ọ bụ wepụ igwe ahụ: *** Tupu itinye aka gị n'etiti agba nke lathe chuck ma ọ bụ ntutu na-adịghị edozi site na mkpịsị mkpịsị mkpịsị osisi, tụfuo mgbidi eletriki nkwụnye ọkụ na ** Gbanyụọ ** (ma ọ bụ dọpụta eriri ike na igwe benchtop). N'elu lathes ụlọ ọrụ ochie na-ebugharị clutch (dị ka igwe ihe igwe Bridgeport ma ọ bụ Monarch/Colchester lathes ebe moto draịva atọ na-eme ka ọ na-ama jijiji ọbụlagodi mgbe a na-ewepụ eriri clutch spindle), ** gbanyụọ isi moto kpamkpam ** yabụ na-akụtu eriri njigide n'oge mkpochapụ enweghị ike ịmalitegharị chuck ahụ.

Kwụpụ 2: Nyochaa ọbara ọgbụgba na ụzọ ikuku TUPU ịtọghe ụkwụ gị (nkeji 5 ruo 30)¶

• ** Ọ bụrụ na a dọpụrụ onye ahụ n'isi-mbụ ma ọ bụ obi-nke mbụ n'elu ihe a na-agbagharị agbagharị:** olu ha, trachea, ma ọ bụ igbe ha nwere ike tụdo ya n'ala n'akụkụ mpempe akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ihe ọrụ. Lelee ozugbo ma ha nwere ike iku ume; Ọ bụrụ na akwa uwe elu gbagọrọ agbagọ ma ọ bụ eriri hoodie na-akpagbu akwara carotid na trachea ha, ** bechapụ akwa uwe elu na eriri kwụ ọtọ site n'olu gbadaa ** na-eji akwa trauma dị arọ ma ọ bụ mma nko oche oche ozugbo.
• Ọ bụrụ na agbajie ogwe aka ma ọ bụ aka wee kechie ya n'okirikiri mkpịsị ugodi: Chọọ ọbara ọbara akwara na-acha uhie uhie na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ ịgbakọta na tray mgbawa. Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọbara ọgbụgba na-eyi ndụ egwu, ** tinye ihe nlegharị anya windlass n'akụkụ aka elu (humerus) 5 ruo 7 centimita (2 ruo 3 sentimita) n'elu mpaghara ahụ tọrọ TUPU ịwepụ akụkụ ahụ** site na ogwe osisi. Mgbe ụfọdụ nrụgide siri ike nke ogwe ígwè na aka gbagọrọ agbagọ na-eme ihe dị ka tamponade nwa oge; Oge ị wepụrụ ogwe aka, akwara brachial ma ọ bụ radial akwara nwere ike ịpụta n'ime sekọnd 90 ma ọ bụrụ na njem nlegharị anya adịlarị.

Kwụpụ 3: Otu esi eme ka akụkụ aka gị tọgbọrọ n'efu na lathe ma ọ bụ igwe na-egwupụta ihe na-emebighị ya ọzọ¶

1. Ekwela n'ubu ma ọ bụ isi nke onye ahụ tara ahụhụ: Ịdọghachi azụ n'akụkụ akụkụ nke gbajiri agbaji gburugburu nchara nchara na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ gbajiri agbaji na-akwụsị site na irighiri akwara na akwara na-emebibeghị.
2. ** Tinye spindle igwe n'ime ihe na-anọpụ iche na-agba ọsọ:**
3. ** N'elu lathe metal nke nwere isi:** Chọta ebe mgbagharị RPM dị n'ihu ụlọ isi wee bugharịa otu lever ọkara n'etiti gia abụọ n'ime ** Neutral detent ** (ma hapụ breeki ụkwụ ozugbo ị jidesie aka abụọ ike na chuck ka ọ ghara ịgba n'okpuru ike ndọda).
4. N'elu eriri igwe na-eji eriri ma ọ bụ lathe nkụ: Mepee mkpuchi mkpuchi ihe nchekwa n'elu wee tụgharịa eriri ahụ ka ọ kwụsịlata eriri V-belt n'okirikiri mkpịsị mkpịsị ka mkpịsị mkpịsị ahụ wee jiri aka tụgharịa kpamkpam.
5. ** Beechapụ ihe ejikọtara akwa ahụ wee jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ tụgharịa ọzọ:** Mee ka otu onye nnapụta kwado ogwe aka gbajiri agbaji ebe onye nnapụta nke abụọ na-eji mkparị trauma na-ebipụ n'ụdị uwe aka ma ọ bụ uwe aka, jiri nwayọọ na-atụgharị azụ azụ azụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ n'otu oge.
6. ** Ọ bụrụ na a na-atụnye mkpịsị aka onye ahụ ozugbo n'ime ebe a na-ejigide ọrụ ma ọ bụ n'etiti ngwa ọrụ post na workpiece: ** Jiri mkpịsị ugodi T-handle chuck mepee agba chuck, ma ọ bụ jiri ọkpụkpọ aka na-agbagharị / cross-slide na-ebugharị iji kwado ngwa ịkpụ n'aka.

Kwụpụ 4: Ijikwa mgbanaka mgbanaka, ịka njọ, na mkparị isi¶

Mkpanaka na-atụgharị na nkuku na-akpata mmerụ ahụ dị nro atọ pụrụ iche nke chọrọ ichekwa ụlọ ọgwụ kpọmkwem maka microsurgery reconstructive: 1. ** Mmerụ ahụ nke mgbanaka mgbanaka (Gịnị kpatara na a naghị eji mgbanaka na ụlọ ahịa): *** Mgbe obere mgbanaka na-agbagharị agbagharị, agba agba, ma ọ bụ mgbawa igwe na-efe efe na-etinye ọla edo, ọla ọcha ma ọ bụ tungsten agbamakwụkwọ, mgbanaka ọla ahụ na-agbaji gburugburu isi mkpịsị aka wee na-ewepụ akpụkpọ ahụ dum, abụba subcutaneous, akwara, na akwara dijitalụ na-apụ apụ dị ka ọkpụkpụ na-apụ apụ dị ka ọkpụkpụ na-agbapụ dị ka ọkpụkpụ dị n'okpuru ọkpụkpụ. (** Urbaniak Class II ma ọ bụ III mgbanaka mgbanaka**). - * Enyemaka mbụ:* Anwala mgbe ọ bụla ịkwanye aka uwe akpụkpọ ahụ e yipụrụ azụ n'ọkpụkpụ, ma ebipụkwala flap akpụkpọ ahụ nke na-agbaji agbaji. Jiri nwayọ dina akpụkpọ ahụ ahụ na-adịghị mma na ntụgharị uche ya n'emeghị obere arịa ọbara dijitalụ, kpuchie ya na gauze saline nwere mmiri na-adịghị mma, gbajie aka niile, ma buru ma onye ọrịa na anụ ahụ mkpịsị aka ọ bụla kewapụrụ kpamkpam gaa n'ụlọ ọgwụ nwere ikike ** aka microsurgery . 2. ** Avulsion Scalp from Drill Press Entanglement: N'ihi na akpụkpọ ụkwụ mmadụ nwere akwa fibrous siri ike (** galea aponeurotica ) na-efegharị n'elu anụ ahụ rụrụ arụ, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke na-enweghị ọbara nke dị n'elu periosteum okpokoro isi, mgbe ihe ọkụkụ na-eku ume elu ogologo ntutu isi, isi ntutu niile na-ebu ntutu (na-agụnye nku anya na otu nku anya). N'ihi na akpụkpọ anụ ahụ nwere akwara dị ukwuu nke sitere na akwara ise jikọtara ọnụ na gburugburu gburugburu, ** ọbara ọgbụgba sitere na nsọtụ a dọwara adọwa na-asọ oyi ma nwee ike ịkpata ujo hemorrhagic. - * Enyemaka mbụ: Tinye akwa akwa mgbakwasa trauma buru ibu, na-enwe nrụgide ntuziaka siri ike n'akụkụ okirikiri ọbara ọgbụgba nke okpokoro isi (ọ gwụla ma agbajiri okpokoro isi dara mbà n'obi na-adịghị akwụsi ike, nke ikpe ahụ pịa gburugburu akụkụ ọkpụkpụ siri ike). Debe isi isi ya na ntutu isi ya ka na-etinye ya na pad gauze saline na-adịghị ọcha n'ime akpa rọba mechiri emechi nke etinyere na slush mmiri ice, ** ndị dọkịta na-awa ahụ nwere ike tinyeghachi isi ahụ nke dara mbà n'obi nke ọma ọbụlagodi awa 6 ruo 12 ka e mesịrị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị jụụ na ọ dịghị mgbe oyi kpọnwụrụ.

Otu esi egbochi mmalite projectile "Lathe Chuck Key" na "Tailstock Wrench".¶

Otu n'ime ihe mberede kachasị ewu ewu na nke na-egbu egbu na ụlọ ahịa igwe ọ bụla na-eme mgbe onye na-arụ ọrụ na-etinye ígwè dị arọ T ** chuck key ** n'ime oghere oghere nke jaw atọ ma ọ bụ anọ iji mee ka akụkụ ahụ sie ike, onye ọrụ ibe ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ na-adọpụ uche maka sekọnd abụọ, wee dọpụta mkpịsị ugodi mmalite na igodo chuck ka nọ ọdụ. - ** N'ime 0.2 sekọnd nke ịmalite 5-horsepower lathe moto na 1,200 RPM, chuck accelerates 0.5-kilogram (1.1-paụnd) ígwè chuck igodo na tangential ọsọ nke ** 15 ruo 25 mita kwa nkeji (5.5 ka elekere) Ka ike centrifugal na-atụpụ igodo ahụ na oghere square ahụ, ọ na-atụba n'ihu n'ihu na ihu onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ n'ofe ụlọ ahịa ahụ, na-ebute mgbaji okpokoro isi dara mbà n'obi, anya gbajiri agbaji, ma ọ bụ banye n'ime obi trauma. - ** Iwu injinia ụlọ ahịa abụọ amanyere iwu na-ewepụ chuck-key mmalite ruo mgbe ebighị ebi:** 1. ** Omume "Zero-Release": *** Zụlite ebe nchekwa akwara gị ka ** aka nri ma ọ bụ aka ekpe gị ahapụla aka igodo chuck mgbe igodo dị na chuck *. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ aka abụọ iji dozie akara ọkpụkpọ ma ọ bụ bulie mallet, igodo chuck ga-ebu ụzọ pụta na chuck wee banye ozugbo n'ime oghere bench raara onwe ya nye. 2. ** Wụnye igodo nchekwa Chuck nke na-ebupụ onwe ya na ihe nchekwa Chuck kpọchiri akpọchi: N'okpuru OSHA (29 CFR 1910.212), UK HSE (PUWER), na ụkpụrụ ISO 23125, lathes ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji ** igodo nchekwa nchekwa nchekwa mmiri na-ebu ** (nke nwere nnukwu mmiri mmiri dị n'akụkụ akụkụ square nke na-eme ka igodo ahụ pụọ na oghere ozugbo ị zuru ike nrụgide mkpịsị aka) jikọtara ya na ihe nchekwa polycarbonate / ígwè semicircular chuck nche wired na mgba ọkụ na-enweghị ike ịmalite.

Nọmba mberede mpaghara na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ¶

• United States: Kpọọ 911 ozugbo maka nbipụ ọ bụla, mwepu isi isi, mgbakwụnye, ma ọ bụ iku ume dị elu, ma rịọ ka ebuga ya na *Level I Trauma Center with Hand / Replantation Microsurgery Power. A na-akwado nchekwa igwe ebe ọrụ site na ** OSHA (29 CFR 1910.212 - Ihe ndị chọrọ maka igwe niile, yana 29 CFR 1910.147 - Mkpọchi/Tagout) ** na ** ANSI B11.6 (Ihe nchekwa nchekwa maka igwe na-atụgharị akwụkwọ ntuziaka / Lathes, Bọọlụ) na ** 8. Igwe)**. Ndị were n'ọrụ ga-akọrịrị mbelata ma ọ bụ mfu anya n'ebe ọrụ ọ bụla na OSHA n'ime awa 24 **1-800-321-6742).
• Canada: Kpọọ 911 maka nzaghachi ọgbaghara mberede. Ọ bụ CSA Z432 (Ichekwa igwe) na CSA Z460 (Nchịkwa nke ike dị ize ndụ) na-achịkwa nchekwa igwe na mkpọchi igwe site na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara (** WorkSafeBC , ** Ontario Ministry of Labour, ** CNESST*).
• United Kingdom: Kpọọ 999112. Ndị isi ** Health and Safety Executive (HSE) kwadoro ya n'okpuru Nwepụta na ojiji nke Iwu Ngwá Ọrụ 1998 (PUWER). Hụ kpọmkwem HSE Injinịa Ozi Mpempe akwụkwọ EIS2 ( Ihe mberede na lathes ịcha ọla n'iji Emery Cloth) na BS EN ISO 23125.
• ** European Union: *** Kpọọ ** 112 ** gafee mba ndị otu EU niile. A na-ahazi igwe na-atụgharị na igwe igwe n'okpuru ** EU Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC / Machinery Regulation 2023/1230) ** na ** EN ISO 23125 (Ngwaọrụ igwe - Nchekwa - igwe ntụgharị)**.
• Australia na New Zealand: Kpọọ 000 na Australia ma ọ bụ 111 na New Zealand. Edere ya bụ ** Ọrụ Nchekwa Australia ***, WorkSafe NZ, yana AS/NZS 4024.1 (Nchekwa nke igwe).

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

Enwere m ike iyi uwe nyocha nitrile na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na lathe ma ọ bụ igwe na-egwupụta ihe iji nọgide na-ebipụ mmanụ n'aka m?¶

Ọ bụ ezie na a machibidoro akpụkpọ anụ dị arọ, owu na Kevlar aka ọrụ n'akụkụ mkpịsị aka na-atụgharị, ọbụna uwe nitrile 5-to-8-mil nwere ike ijide ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa, eriri dị mma, ma ọ bụ ọjà na-agbapụta ma tinye mkpịsị aka n'ime mpaghara ịkpụ tupu anya mmiri roba. UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) na ANSI B11 ntuziaka na-adụ ọdụ megide iyi uwe ọ bụla mgbe aka dị nso na mkpịsị mkpịsị na-atụgharị; Kama nke ahụ, chebe akpụkpọ ahụ ka ọ ghara igbutu mmiri site na iji ude mgbochi, saa aka mgbe emechara ya, ma jiri brush applicators ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ka aka gị wee pụọ na mpaghara ntụgharị.

Kedu ihe kpatara na ị gaghị etinye mkpịsị aka e bepụrụ ozugbo na akpa ice ma ọ bụ n'ime iko mmiri ice?¶

Ịtinye mkpịsị aka a kewapụrụ ma ọ bụ nku isi isi ozugbo na ice Cubes (karịsịa akpụrụ akpụ ma ọ bụ ngwugwu freezer) na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ endothelial dị nro na akwara dị nro n'ime nkeji nkeji, na-akpata necrosis anụ ahụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke na-eme ka ịwa ahụ agaghị ekwe omume. N'otu aka ahụ, imikpu akụkụ ahụ e bepụrụ ozugbo n'ime mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ mgbata mmiri na-akpata ọzịza cell osmotic (maceration) na-ebibi veins microscopic. Na-eji usoro nke atọ mgbe niile: (1) kechie akụkụ ahụ na gauze na-adịghị mma nke a na-ete mmiri nke ọma na saline, (2) mechie ya n'ime akpa rọba nke mmiri na-adịghị, na (3) sere n'elu akpa ahụ agbachiri n'ime ngwakọta nke ọkara ice na ọkara mmiri (nke na-anọ na nchekwa, nke na-adịghị kefriza +1 ruo +4 degrees Celsius [34 ruo 39].

Kedu ihe kpatara na ogwe aka onye ahụ e gbupụrụ agbaji ji na-agbapụta ọbara n'ime nkeji iri mbụ mgbe ọ dọkasịrị ya na lathe?¶

N'adịghị ka iberi guillotine dị ọcha sitere na saw ma ọ bụ shear-metal, nke na-ahapụ arịa ọbara ghe oghe ma na-agba ọsọ ozugbo, nbipụ nhụsianya na-atụgharị na lathe na-atụgharị ma na-agbatị brachial ma ọ bụ radial artery dị ka mpempe taffy tupu ọ sụọ. Mgbatị ogologo ogologo ahụ siri ike na-emebi akwa akwa intima nke dị n'ime, nke na-abata n'ime ya ebe akwa mgbasa ozi tunica muscular na-emechi emechi (vasospasm), na-etinye akwara akwara nwa oge. Otú ọ dị, ka onye ọrịa ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ, na-anata mmiri IV, ma ọ bụ na-emegharị n'oge njem, spasm arterial na-ahapụ na mberede, na-ebute na mberede, nnukwu ọbara ọgbụgba. Dowe mgbe niile ihe nlegharị anya windlass dị nso n'ebe ọ bụla isi bepụ akụkụ ọ bụla na-atụgharị ozugbo.

Kedu ụzọ kacha dịrị nchebe iji kwụsị obere igwe na-akụ benchtop ka ọ na-atụgharị otu mpempe akwụkwọ dị ka agụba helikopta?¶

Mpempe akwụkwọ mpempe akwụkwọ na obere plastik dị mkpa bụ ihe kachasị dị ize ndụ iji jiri aka kụba n'ihi na dị ka conical n'ọnụ nke ọkọlọtọ mgbagwoju anya na-agbaji n'okpuru akụkụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ dị mkpa, ọjà abụọ na-agba agba na-ejide akụkụ ala nke oghere ahụ dị ka eriri ịghasa ("na-ejide na ọganihu"), na-adọwa mpempe ígwè ahụ na mkpịsị aka gị ma na-atụgharị ya na 1,000 RPM. Na-amachichi metal mpempe akwụkwọ mgbe niile na bọọdụ nkwado osisi a na-achụrụ n'okirikiri, jiri nwayọ nwayọ nwayọ (Unibit) kama iji mgbanaka ọkọlọtọ maka igwe dị mkpa, ma ọ bụ kpachie oghere nchara kwụ ọtọ n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke ebe a na-egwupụta ihe na tebụl ka workpiece dabere na post ahụ n'akụkụ ntụgharị elekere.

Ekwesịrị m ibipụ obere mkpịsị akpụkpọ ahụ nke ji mkpịsị aka ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ebipụ ya n'aka ka m nwee ike itinye mkpịsị aka na ice?¶

Ebipụla àkwà mmiri akpụkpọ ahụ, akaị, ma ọ bụ eriri anụ ahụ na-ejikọta mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke ebipụrụ n'ahụ, n'agbanyeghị otú akwa ahụ siri dị. Ọbụna akwa 3-millimita (0.12-inch) nke palmar ma ọ bụ azụ azụ na-enwekarị akwara dijitalụ ma ọ bụ akwara microscopic nke na-eme ka mkpịsị aka ya dị ndụ ma na-abawanye n'ike n'ike ọnụego nrụzi ịwa ahụ. Kama nke ahụ, jiri nwayọọ tinye mkpịsị aka ahụ e bepụrụ n'akụkụ ahụ n'ọnọdụ nkịtị ya, kechie aka niile na gauze na-adịghị ọcha na akwa akwa akwa, gbajie aka na nkwojiaka na bọọdụ siri ike, tinyekwa mkpọ dị jụụ n'èzí nke mgbakwasa ahụ n'elu akụkụ dị anya ma ọ bụrụ na ebufe na-egbu oge. Inweta enyemaka mbụ na usoro nchịkwa ọbara ọgbụgba sitere na Red Cross, St John Ambulance, ma ọ bụ onye na-eweta mpaghara na-akwado ndị ọrụ ụlọ ahịa maka nnukwu ọgbaghara ụlọ ọrụ.

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Mbipụ n'ọgba aghara: mkpịsị aka, aka, na nchekwa ụkwụ
• Angle grinder disc gbajiri, table hụrụ kickback, na trauma ogbako
• Njikwa ọbara ọgbụgba siri ike yana ngwa nlegharị anya
• Igwe ọrụ ugbo PTO mgbakwụnye na ọnya ọka

Isi mmalite na nduzi ọchịchị¶

• ** Nlekọta nchekwa na ahụike ọrụ (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.212 / 1910.147): *** Ihe nchekwa igwe maka igwe na-ebugharị, spindles, na skru ndu, mmachibido nke uwe aka na igwe na-agbagharị agbagharị, yana mkpọchi/Tagout Extrication Protocols.
• United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE):* Mpempe akwụkwọ ozi injinia EIS2 (ihe mberede na igwe ịcha akwa na-eji akwa emery), mgbakwụnye na igwe na-adọba mmiri, yana nnabata PUWER 1998*.
• ** American National Standards Institute (ANSI B11.6 na ANSI B11.8) na ISO 23125:** * Ihe nchekwa chọrọ maka igwe na-atụgharị akwụkwọ ntuziaka (Lathes) na igwe na-egwupụta ihe / igwe igwe: breeki ụkwụ, ndị nche Chuck, na n'azụ ụlọ mmanya *.
• ** American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) na American College of Surgeons:** * Nlekọta ụlọ ọgwụ nke oge a na-agbagharị agbapụ, mmerụ ahụ mgbanaka mgbanaka Urbaniak, na Nchekwa Mkpụgharị Isi*.
• ** National Institute for Safety and Health Ọrụ (NIOSH):** IHU (Ntụle Ntụle na njikwa njikwa) Akụkọ gbasara mgbako Lathe, Ogwe ngwaahịa ngwaahịa anaghị akwado, na Chuck-key Fatalities.